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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Physostigmine and Some Nitric Oxide-Cyclic GMP-Related Compounds on Muscarinic Receptor-Mediated Autoinhibition of Hippocampal Acetylcholine Release (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 60 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We have investigated the effects of (a) the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine and (b) drugs that are known to change intracellular cyclic GMP levels on the autoinhibition of acetylcholine release from rat hippocampal slices. Autoinhibition was triggered by submaximal electrical stimulation in both the absence and presence of physostigmine. The results obtained indicate that an unusual increase in the extracellular acetylcholine content, such as that induced by cholinesterase inhibition, is not essential for autoinhibition triggering. Dibutyryl cyclic GMP reduced significantly the stimulation-evoked acetylcholine release in the presence, but not in the absence, of atropine. Neither sodium nitroprusside nor glyceryl trinitrate exerted a dibutyryl cyclic GMP-like effect. NG-Nitro-L-arginine did not lessen the autoinhibition. These results indicate that an increase in the intracellular cyclic GMP level reduces acetylcholine release, and that the muscarinic receptor stimulation-nitric oxide synthesis-(soluble) guanylyl cyclase activation pathway is not involved in the cholinergic autoinhibition process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03515.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of Acetylcholine Release in the Striatum of Anesthetized Rats Using In Vivo Microdialysis and a Radioimmunoassay (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 57 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A vertical-type in vivo microdialysis probe and a sensitive, specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) were used to study the mechanism of acetylcholine (ACh) release in the striatum of anesthetized rats. Without the use of physostigmine, a cholincsterase inhibitor, our RIA could still detect the amount of ACh present in the perfusate (5.6 ± 0.6 fmol/min, n = 16). Tetrodotoxin (1 μM) produced a significant decrease in the amount of ACh collected in the perfusate, suggesting that basal ACh determined under the present experimental conditions was related to cholinergic neural activity. Atropine (0.1–1 μM) applied topically via the dialysis probe did not affect the amount of ACh recovered in the perfusate in the absence of physostigmine. Addition of physostigmine (10 μM) to the perfusion fluid produced about a 100-fold increase in the amount of ACh collected. In the presence of physostig mine, topical administration of atropine and pirenzepine (0.01–1 μM) through a dialysis probe produced a further three-to fourfold increase in ACh output, whereas a slight increase was produced by AF-DX 116 at the highest concentration (1 μM). These results indicate that presynaptic modulation of ACh release in the striatum does not occur under basal conditions, and that presynaptic M, muscarinic receptors are involved in the modulation of ACh release when the ACh concentration is raised under certain conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb08233.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on the Carbon-Nitric Oxide Reaction in the Presence of Oxygen (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry research 33 (1994), S. 2840-2845 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00035a038
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitors tetrahydroaminoacridine and E2020 on the basal concentration of extracellular acetylcholine in the hippocampus of freely moving rats (1994)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 350 (1994), S. 523-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; E2020 ; Hippocampus ; Microdialysis ; Physostigmine ; RIA ; Tetrahydroaminoacridine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of the centrally acting cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors, tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) and E2020 (1-benzyl-4-[(5,6-dimethoxy-l-indanon)-2-yl] methylpiperidine hydrochloride), potential drugs for the treatment of senile dementia, on the basal extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) concentration in the hippocampus of freely moving rats, were determined using a microdialysis technique without the use of a ChE inhibitor in the perfusion fluid and a sensitive RIA. The mean (±SEM) basal ACh content in the perfusate was 103.1 ± 3.6 fmol/sample collected over 30 min when microdialysis probes with a length of 3 mm dialysis membrane were used. The content of ACh decreased to an almost undetectable level upon perfusion of magnesium, suggesting that, in the present study, most of the ACh detected in the perfusates was due to cholinergic neuronal activity. THA (1.65 mg/kg, i.p.) produced an insignificant increase in the extracellular ACh concentration, but a dose of 5 mg/kg, i.p. caused a prolonged and significant 5.5-fold increase from the control value. E2020 (0.65 and 2 mg/kg, i.p.) produced significant, prolonged and dose-dependent increases (4 and 12 times the control value, respectively), the peak effect occurring within 1 h. Perfusion with 10 μmol/l physostigmine produced an about 30-fold increase of ACh output, suggesting that the basal extracellular ACh concentration is highly dependent on ChE activity. When ChE was inhibited locally by perfusion with physostigmine, THA (5 mg/kg) produced a transient and, at its maximum, a 1.42-fold increase in extracellular ACh concentration. These results demonstrate that the basal, physiological, extracellular ACh concentration in the hippocampus of freely moving rats can be determined using a microdialysis technique and a sensitive RIA, and suggest that THA and E 2020 increase ACh concentration in the synaptic cleft of the hippocampus in a dose-dependent manner mostly through ChE inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173022
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rice mitochondrial nad3 gene has an extended reading frame at its 5′ end: nucleotide sequence analysis of rice trnS, nad3, and rps12 genes (1991)
    Springer
    Current genetics 20 (1991), S. 331-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Rice ; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Ribosomal protein S12 ; tRNASer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nucleotide sequences of the tRNASer (trnS), pseudo-tRNA, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (nad3), and ribosomal protein S12 (rps12) genes from rice mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were determined. Both trnS and nad3 were confirmed to be single copy genes by Southern blot analysis. The nad3 and rps12 genes were arranged in tandem, and the two were co-transcribed. The order of the above four genes in rice mtDNA differed from the linear order observed for the wheat and maize genes. In rice mitochondria, the trnS and pseudo-tRNA genes were found upstream of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, instead of the nad3 and rps12 genes as observed in maize and wheat. Additionally, while the rice nad3 and rps12 genes remain paired, they too are in a different sequence environment from the wheat and maize genes. The apparent split of the two pairs of genes indicates the occurrence of a mitochondrial intramolecular recombinational event. Another peculiarity is that the sequence upstream of the translational initiation codon of the rice nad3 gene is different from that of the wheat and maize versions. The ATG initiation codon of wheat and maize nad3 is replaced by TTG in the rice nad3. A subsequent deduction of the amino acid sequence, accompanied by a primer extension analysis, indicates that the predicted rice NAD3 protein has an additional 37 amino acid residues at its N-terminus compared to the wheat and maize NAD3 proteins. cDNA sequence analysis showed no introns or the occurrence of RNA editing at the newly replaced TTG codon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318523
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitors tetrahydroaminoacridine and E2020 on the basal concentration of extracellular acetylcholine in the hippocampus of freely moving rats (1994)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 350 (1994), S. 523-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words: Acetylcholine – E2020 – Hippocampus – Microdialysis – Physostigmine – RIA- Tetrahydroaminoacridine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The effects of the centrally acting cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors, tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) and E2020 (1-benzyl-4-[(5,6-dimethoxy-1-indanon)-2-yl]methylpiperidine hydrochloride), potential drugs for the treatment of senile dementia, on the basal extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) concentration in the hippocampus of freely moving rats, were determined using a microdialysis technique without the use of a ChE inhibitor in the perfusion fluid and a sensitive RIA. The mean (±SEM) basal ACh content in the perfusate was 103.1±3.6 fmol/sample collected over 30 min when microdialysis probes with a length of 3 mm dialysis membrane were used. The content of ACh decreased to an almost undetectable level upon perfusion of magnesium, suggesting that, in the present study, most of the ACh detected in the perfusates was due to cholinergic neuronal activity. THA (1.65 mg/kg, i.p.) produced an insignificant increase in the extracellular ACh concentration, but a dose of 5 mg/kg, i.p. caused a prolonged and significant 5.5-fold increase from the control value. E2020 (0.65 and 2 mg/kg, i.p.) produced significant, prolonged and dose-dependent increases (4 and 12 times the control value, respectively), the peak effect occurring within 1 h. Perfusion with 10 μmol/l physostigmine produced an about 30-fold increase of ACh output, suggesting that the basal extracellular ACh concentration is highly dependent on ChE activity. When ChE was inhibited locally by perfusion with physostigmine, THA (5 mg/kg) produced a transient and, at its maximum, a 1.42-fold increase in extracellular ACh concentration. These results demonstrate that the basal, physiological, extracellular ACh concentration in the hippocampus of freely moving rats can be determined using a microdialysis technique and a sensitive RIA, and suggest that THA and E2020 increase ACh concentration in the synaptic cleft of the hippocampus in a dose-dependent manner mostly through ChE inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173022
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A chimeric gene containing the 5′ portion of atp6 is associated with cytoplasmic male-sterility of rice (1990)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 224 (1990), S. 10-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Rice ; ATPase subunit 6 ; Cytoplasmic male-sterility ; Chimeric gene ; Mitochondrial DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Three ATPase subunit 6 (atp6) genes of rice mitochondria were isolated, one from normal and two from cms-Bo male-sterile cytoplasms, in order to determine whether the extra atp6 gene in cms-Bo rice plays a role in cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS). The nucleotide sequences of all three genes were determined and analysis showed a chimeric atp6 gene (urf-rmc) as well as a normal atp6 gene in cms-Bo cytoplasm, but only the normal atp6 gene in normal cytoplasm. The urf-rmc gene is completely homologous to the normal atp6 gene from at least position − 426 in the 5′ flanking region to position + 511 downstream from the initiation codon ATG; however, the following downstream sequence shows no homology with the normal rice atp6 gene, or any other reported sequence. Introduction of the restorer of fertility gene altered transcription of the urf-rmc gene but not the atp6 gene, indicating participation of the chimeric gene in the expression of CMS. Southern blot analysis showed that the urf-rmc gene was generated by an intramolecular recombination event in mitochondrial DNA, and the homologous recombination point between the atp6 gene and the opposite ancestral sequence was identified as 5′-TTCCCTC-3′.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00259445
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