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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the dependence of BLS frequencies on angle of incidence for thin iron films : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6754-6756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Brillouin light-scattering experiments have been done at various angles of incidence, θ, for four specimens prepared by molecular-beam epitaxy. The specimens were single ultrathin films of Fe deposited on single-crystal Ag substrates. Dependence of magnon frequency on θ is easily resolvable in all specimens. We find that the magnitude of this dependence is in good agreement with a theoretical calculation that takes into account magnetic anisotropies, dipole-dipole, and exchange interactions. Our results imply that magnetic excitations in these specimens are correlated over distances of at least 5000 A(ring).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352475
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferromagnetic resonance linewidth of Fe ultrathin films grown on a bcc Cu substrate : The 5th Joint MMM−Intermag Conference (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 5935-5937 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth ΔH is a parameter used to characterize ultrathin film quality. The frequency-independent part, ΔH(0), reflects the contribution of magnetic inhomogeneities. The linear part is caused by the intrinsic Gilbert damping mechanism. Recently we have found that the lattice reconstructions of substrate templates strongly affects the FMR linewidth. bcc Fe(001) films (∼10 ML) were grown on unreconstructed fcc Ag(001), bcc Cu(001), and on surface reconstructed bcc Cu(001) templates. Fe layers grown on unreconstructed Cu templates exhibited an isotropic FMR linewidth. Fe layers grown on reconstructed Cu templates, on the contrary, showed an anisotropic behavior in both the zero-frequency FMR linewidth and the intrinsic damping parameter. Other magnetic parameters such as uniaxial and 4-fold anisotropies are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350110
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic anisotropies in single and multilayered structures (invited) : The 5th Joint MMM−Intermag Conference (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 5769-5774 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ultrathin magnetic metallic structures provide a variety of systems in which unique magnetic properties can be engineered. The investigation of magnetic anisotropies in ultrathin structures has brought exciting results to the basic studies of magnetism in systems with reduced dimensionality and to the engineering of new magnetic materials. Molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) techniques turned out to be particularly useful in the formation of new stable and metastable structures whose sharply defined interfaces, lattice relaxations, and lattice reconstructions have resulted in a wide range of interesting magnetic properties. In this presentation the present authors' recent studies of single and multilayered structures composed of bcc Fe(001), bcc Cu(001), lattice-expanded Pd(001), fcc Co(001), and fcc Cu(001) will be summarized. Besides presenting their interesting magnetic properties the following techniques will be highlighted: reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). RHEED patterns and RHEED intensity oscillations were used to monitor the MBE growths. It will be shown that RHEED studies provide an effective way to characterize the quality of growth which can then be correlated with the observed magnetic properties. It will be shown that the FMR technique is extremely useful in determining all of the basic magnetic parameters. The role of interfaces, lattice relaxations, and proximity effects on the in-plane fourfold and perpendicular uniaxial anisotropies will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350156
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic anisotropies in ultrathin fcc Fe(001) films grown on Cu(001) substrates : 35 th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5206-5208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Brillouin light scattering and ferromagnetic resonance have been used to measure the magnetic-field dependence of the magnon frequency at room temperature for three- monolayer-thick films of fcc Fe(001) grown by means of molecular-beam epitaxy on Cu(001) substrates. These films exhibit a strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy which causes the magnetization to be oriented perpendicular to the film plane in zero applied field. Four specimens were grown on copper substrates prepared using a chemical polishing technique which avoided the use of abrasives: This treatment greatly reduced the density of etch pits on the copper surface. The uniaxial anisotropies found for these specimens were very consistent and comparable to that previously measured for the best film grown on a mechanically polished copper substrate. There is evidence that substrate smoothness is improved and, hence, that the uniaxial anisotropy is increased when the substrate is covered with a few monolayers of epitaxial copper before the iron films are grown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348076
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface magneto-optical Kerr effect for ultrathin Ni-Fe bilayers (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 4448-4450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Surface magneto-optical Kerr effect is used to measure magnetic hysteresis loops for Ni-Fe bilayers previously studied by ferromagnetic resonance [Phys. Rev. 38, 12879 (1988)]. The approach to saturation in the [11] direction confirms the existence of enhanced fourfold in-plane magnetic anisotropy, attributed to the effect of arrays of misfit dislocations arising during the epitaxial growth of bcc Ni overlayers on ultrathin layers of bcc (001)Fe. The [11] magnetization curves for 10 monolayers (ML) of Ni on 7 ML of Fe shows a breaking of symmetry between positive and negative fields. This is ascribed to spin configurations frozen during growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344900
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of MBE structures using fcc Co/Cu(001) and bcc Fe/Cu(001) (abstract) : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5217-5217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have used ferromagnetic resonance and surface magneto-optic Kerr effect to investigate the magnetic anisotropies in face-centered-cubic fcc Cu/Co/Cu(001) structures. We have found that Cu/Co/Cu structures possess large magnetic anisotropies. The twofold perpendicular anisotropy results in a strong easy plane (4πMeff = 4πMs + Hu ∼ 40 kOe). The perpendicular uniaxial anisotropy is only weakly dependent on Co film thickness. Hu = 25.4, 23.7, and 17.7 kOe in 3- , 4- , and 10-ML-thick Co films, respectively. The twofold perpendicular anisotropy in fcc Co/Cu/Cu structures is caused by the lateral expansion and vertical contraction of fcc Co(001) ultrathin films. The in-plane fourfold anisotropy in fcc Cu/Co/Cu(001) structures has its easy axis along the [110] crystallographic direction. The fourfold in-plane anisotropy is large (2K1/Ms ∼ 1 kOe) and weakly dependent on Co film thickness. Fe(001) can be grown epitaxially on fcc Co(001) and results in a significant change in the magnetic properties. In Cu/4Co/3Fe/Cu(001) multilayer (integers describe the number of ML) the perpendicular anisotropy changes its sign and is very weak (Hu = −1.5 kOe). The in-plane fourfold anisotropy is also appreciably decreased (2K1/Ms = 0.4 kOe). Cu/4Co/6Cu/〈b〉4Co〈e〉/Cu(001) trilayers are coupled antiferromagnetically. However, this coupling is smaller (J=−0.07 ergs/cm2) compared to bcc Fe/Cu/Fe structures. The exchange coupling in Co/Cu/Co trilayers depends strongly on details of the total structure, e.g., the sample Cu/4Co/6Cu/〈b〉4Co〈e〉/3Fe/Cu is ferromagnetically coupled (J∼0.1 ergs/cm2). The exchange coupling in bcc Fe/Cu/Fe(001) trilayers oscillates with increasing Cu thickness (oscillatory period of 10 ML). However, no evidence of symmetric oscillations was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348082
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of bilinear and biquadratic exchange coupling in Fe/Ag/Fe(001) trilayers : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5966-5968 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and surface magneto-optical Kerr effect (SMOKE) studies of the exchange coupling in Fe/Ag/Fe(001) structures are presented. The interfaces in these structures can be improved significantly by growing the first Fe(001) layer at a raised substrate temperature. The exchange couplings in Fe/Ag/Fe trilayers were studied as a function of the interlayer thickness and temperature. The improved interfaces in the Fe/Ag/Fe system revealed new features in the exchange coupling which were absent in samples grown entirely at room temperature. Quantitative data from the FMR and SMOKE measurements are compared. The magnetization loops for Fe/Ag/Fe trilayers can be explained well only by including the simultaneous presence of bilinear and biquadratic exchange coupling. It is shown that the exchange coupling through Ag(001) exhibits long wavelength oscillations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353485
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange coupling in ultrathin Fe(001)/Pd(001)/Fe(001) structures : The 5th Joint MMM−Intermag Conference (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 5870-5872 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new phase of fcc Pd with an expanded lattice (5%) was grown on Fe(001). This structure is maintained up to 12 monolayers (ML) of Pd and then it undergoes a complex lattice reconstruction. Ultrathin Fe/Pd, Pd/Fe bilayers, and Fe/Pd/Fe trilayers with Pd thicknesses between 4 and 18 ML were studied using ferromagnetic resonance and Brillouin light scattering. The metallic Pd and particularly its lattice-expanded structure is believed to have a strong tendency to become ferromagnetic. This tendency was observed in Fe/Pd/Fe trilayers with Pd thicknesses less than 6 ML. The exchange coupling remains ferromagnetic up to 12 ML of Pd and then it changes to a weak antiferromagnetic coupling. The exchange coupling in the ferromagnetic region exhibits a distinct oscillatory behavior superimposed on a decreasing background.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350140
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    "Loose spins'' in Fe/Cu/Fe(001) structures : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6187-6189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Slonczewski recently proposed a model for the exchange coupling between ferromagnetic layers separated by a nonferromagnetic spacer based on the concept of "loose spins.'' "Loose spins'' contribute to the total exchange energy. We have studied the role of "loose spins'' in bcc Fe/Cu/Fe(001) structures. bcc Fe/Cu/Fe(001) trilayers deposited at room temperature were investigated extensively in our previous studies. In our "loose spin'' studies, the Fe was added inside the Cu interlayer. Several structures were atomically engineered in order to test the behavior of "loose spins:'' One additional atomic layer of an (Fe+Cu) alloy were located in appropriate positions in a Cu spacer. The bilinear and biquadratic exchange coupling in the above structures was quantitatively studied with FMR in the temperature range 77–370 K and with MOKE at RT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355451
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mössbauer investigation of the magnetic hyperfine field distribution in Fe(100)/Ag(100) structures : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 5583-5585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A monolayer of 57Fe is used as a probe layer in Ag/9Fe(001)/10Ag(001) structures grown by the molecular beam epitaxy technique. Different Fe sites can be resolved in the spectrum. From the analysis of the isomer shift values, 57Fe deposited at the Fe/Ag interface can be distinguished from 57Fe atoms that are deposited one or more atomic layers removed from the interface. The variation of the magnetic hyperfine field Hhf with distance from the Fe/Ag interface agrees qualitatively with values calculated previously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355648
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