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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatic and axonal effects of ATP via P2X2 but not P2X7 receptors in rat thoracolumbar sympathetic neurones (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 90 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Excitatory ATP responses in rat cultured thoracolumbar sympathetic neurones are mediated by somatic P2X2 receptors. The present study investigated a possible role of axonal P2X2 as well as P2X7 receptors on the same preparation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated P2X2 and P2X7 immunoreactivity along the axons as well as P2X7 immunoreactivity surrounding the cell nuclei. P2X7 mRNA expression was detected in individual neurones using a single-cell RT–PCR approach. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) caused a significant increase in axonal Ca2+ concentration which was dependent on external Ca2+ but insensitive to depletion of the cellular Ca2+ pools by cyclopiazonic acid. Pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulfonate (PPADS; 30 µm) virtually abolished the ATP response, whereas brilliant blue G (0.1 µm), a selective P2X7 receptor antagonist, had no effect. Dibenzoyl-ATP (BzATP; 100 µm) induced a much smaller increase in axonal [Ca2+] concentration than ATP at equimolar concentrations. The response to BzATP was distinctly reduced by PPADS but not by brilliant blue G. The overall pharmacological profile of the axonal P2X receptors resembled closely that of the somatic P2X2 receptors. In conclusion, the present data suggest the occurrence of axonal excitatory P2X2 receptors in thoracolumbar sympathetic neurones. However, the functional significance of axonal and (peri)-nuclear P2X7 receptors has still to be proven.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02498.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE POLYMORPHIC HUMAN TLX-B/CD46/MCP SYSTEM AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN TRANSPLANTATION AND REPRODUCTION (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: TLX antigens have been found on most peripheral blood cells, trophoblasts, seminal vesicle cells and sperms. These antigens seem to be associated with the membrane co-factor protein (MCP) and the CD46 antigen. Alloantibodies to TLX antigens with FctRII-blocking features were obtained by transfusion of leucocytes or platelets. Preliminary population studies revealed that alloantibodies to TLX/CD46/MCP recognize four overlapping specificities. The terminology TLX-B was introduced with specificities TLX-BI, B2, B3, B4 and frequencies obtained in the population were: 38%, 46%, 42% and 26%, respectively. Family studies showed an independent segregation of the TLX and HLA alleles.At the cellular protein on trophoblast, the alloantibody detected a glycoprotein of 66-67 kDa molecular mass, which may correspond to the a chain of the TLX/CD46/MCP isotypes. A direct association of the alloantibody with FctRII could be excluded thus its FctR blocking feature is probably based on an indirect functional effect.After transfusion and in pregnancy the induction of TLX alloantibody production depended on the mismatching in the TLX/CD46/MCP phenotypes. Probable associations were revealed in the case of recurrent habitual abortion between the lack of FCTR blocking antibody production and the matched TLX specificities of the couples. After transfusion, TLX alloantibody production with FCTR and MLR blocking function was induced only when the recipient was lacking the TLX specificities expressed on the donor cells. Suppression of MLR was found only when TLX specificity in sera corresponded to the TLX specificity of the effector cell. The immunopathological importance of these findings in transplantation and reproductive medicine has yet to be clarified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1995.tb00225.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunophenotypic and Functional Characteristics of Haemopoietic Cells from Human Cord Blood (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 42 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cord blood (CB) as a new source for bone marrow transplantation represents advantageous features concerning stem cell and leucocyte compartments and function. We attempted to get more information about the phenotypes and function of CB cells by investigating their cell surface markers and also the production of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-6 by mitogen and alloantigen stimulation. The CB cells were characterized by a low proportion of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T subpopulation, activated T cells and CD3+ CD16/CD56+ cytotoxic cells, suggesting reduced graft versus host potential. The significant increase of CD19/CD3 double positive cells and decrease of CD19/HLA-DR double positive mature B cells reflect that immature B cells exist in CB. In the functional studies, a 27- and 5-fold reduction was observed in the production of IFN-γ by CB cells stimulated with PHA and allogeneic cells, respectively. The production of IL-2 in PHA-stimulated CB cells also showed a 50% determination. Decrease in the production of these cytokines by CB cells is supported by the decline of the proportion of CD3+ T cells. However, an increase was observed in the production of IL-6 by CB cells stimulated with allogeneic cells as compared with the controls. These results suggest a difference in the functional activity of the T helper cell subsets between the CB and peripheral blood and/or differences in the functional maturity of T helper cell subsets and B cells in these compartments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1995.tb03685.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of feeding behaviour by blocking purinergic receptors in the rat nucleus accumbens: a combined microdialysis, electroencephalographic and behavioural study (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The nonspecific P2 receptor antagonist pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulphonic acid (PPADS), the nonspecific P1 receptor antagonist 8-(p-sulphophenyl)-theophylline (8-SPT) and the combination of both were applied by retrograde microdialysis into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) before and during feeding of 18-h food-deprived rats. In addition to the registration of behavioural parameters, such as the amount and duration of food intake, the feeding-induced changes in dopamine (DA) concentration and the concomitant changes of neuronal activity in the NAc and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) were simultaneously determined. The perfusion with PPADS (20 µm) diminished the amount of food intake and the duration of feeding. Furthermore, the P2 receptor antagonist blocked the feeding-induced DA release and prevented the feeding-elicited changes of the electroencephalography (EEG) power distribution which was characterised by an increase in the power of the 8.0–13.0-Hz frequency band in the NAc and the VTA. The effects of PPADS could be completely prevented by the concomitantly perfused adenosine receptor antagonist 8-SPT (100 µm). When given alone, 8-SPT increased the amount of food ingested, the duration of feeding and the EEG power of the higher frequency range, particularly between 19.0 and 30.0 Hz, in both the NAc and the VTA. The feeding-elicited DA release was supplemented to the enhanced DA level caused by the perfusion with 8-SPT in an additive manner. The P2 and P1 receptor antagonists interact antagonistically in the modulation of feeding behaviour and the feeding-induced changes of EEG activity suggesting that both endogenous extracellular ATP and adenosine are involved in the regulation of the feeding-associated mesolimbic neuronal activity in a functionally antagonistic manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2003.03090.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    P2X2, P2X2–2 and P2X5 receptor subunit expression and function in rat thoracolumbar sympathetic neurons (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 79 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study investigated the pharmacological properties of excitatory P2X receptors and P2X2 and P2X5 receptor subunit expression in rat-cultured thoracolumbar sympathetic neurons. In patch-clamp recordings, ATP (3–1000 µm; applied for 1 s) induced inward currents in a concentration-dependent manner. Pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulfonate (PPADS; 30 µm) counteracted the ATP response. In contrast to ATP, α,β-meATP (30 µm; for 1 s) was virtually ineffective. Prolonged application of ATP (100 µm; 10 s) induced receptor desensitization in a significant proportion of sympathetic neurons in a manner typical for P2X2−2 splice variant-mediated responses. Using single-cell RT-PCR, P2X2, P2X2−2 and P2X5 mRNA expression was detectable in individual tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons; coexpression of both P2X2 isoforms was not observed. Laser scanning microscopy revealed both P2X2 and P2X5 immunoreactivity in virtually every TH-positive neuron. P2X2 immunoreactivity was largely distributed over the cell body, whereas P2X5 immunoreactivity was most distinctly located close to the nucleus. In summary, the present study demonstrates the expression of P2X2, P2X2−2 and P2X5 receptor subunits in rat thoracolumbar neurons. The functional data in conjunction with a preferential membranous localization of P2X2/P2X2−2 compared with P2X5 suggest that the excitatory P2X responses are mediated by P2X2 and P2X2−2 receptors. Apparently there exist two types of P2X2 receptor-bearing sympathetic neurons: one major population expressing the unspliced isoform and another minor population expressing the P2X2−2 splice variant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00653.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Receptor Interactions at Noradrenergic Neur ones (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 604 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb31994.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential age-dependent expression of α2 adrenoceptor- and P2 purinoceptor-functions in rat locus coeruleus neurons (1998)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 357 (1998), S. 186-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Adenosine 5′-triphosphate ; P2 purinoceptors ; α2 Adrenoceptors ; Locus coeruleus ; Co-transmission
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were made in a pontine slice preparation of the rat brain containing the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC). In a first series of experiments, it was demonstrated that tyrosine hydroxylase-positive LC neurons of young (10–14 days of age) rats are multipolar with numerous dendrites. When pipettes filled with the marker molecule biocytin were used for recording, all cells exhibiting outward current responses to noradrenaline (100 μM) showed the morphology typical for LC neurons. At a holding potential of –80 mV, noradrenaline (100 μM) produced a comparably small outward current both in LC neurons of young (8–14 days) and older (18–23 days) rats. In contrast, 2-methylthio ATP (2-MeSATP; 100 μM) caused a relatively small inward current in the young animals, while inward current responses were much larger in most older animals (8 out of a total of 11). It is suggested that after birth there are probably no functional P2 purinoceptors present at LC neurons. Thereafter, P2 purinoceptor-function increases with age, reaching maturity only in animals older than 18 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005154
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetylcholine release from isolated vas deferens of the rat (1972)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 274 (1972), S. 198-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Vas Deferens ; ACh Release ; Noradrenaline ; 6-OH-Dopamine ; Tetrodotoxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The release of acetylcholine was measured during field stimulation of the isolated vas deferens of the rat. The rate of release was frequency-dependent; the higher the frequency used, the higher was the amount of acetylcholine released. Tetrodotoxin reduced the release of acetylcholine induced by field stimulation, but pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine did not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00501855
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory adenosine A1-receptors on rat locus coeruleus neurones (1990)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 341 (1990), S. 225-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Adenosine ; Adenosine A1-receptors ; Desensitization ; Locus coeruleus neurones ; Firing rate ; Membrane potential
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracellular recordings were performed in α1-pontine slice preparation of the rat brain containing the locus coeruleus (LC). Adenosine (100, 300 μmol/l) and its structural analogues, namely (−)-N6-(R-phenyliso-propyl)-adenosine (R-PIA; 3 – 30 μmol/l) and S-PIA (10, 30 μmol/l), as well as 5′-N-ethylcarboxamido-adenosine (NECA; 3–30 μmol/l) inhibited the firing rate of spontaneous action potentials and produced hyperpolarization; their rank order of potency was RPIA - NECA 〉 S-PIA 〉 adenosine. When applied by superfusion, all agonists strongly desensitized the LC cells; the hyperpolarization never surmounted 6 mV. Upon pressure ejection of adenosine 10 mmol/l from α1- micropipette positioned close to an LC neurone, the membrane potential was raised by 14 mV and the apparent input resistance decreased by 20%. When the membrane potential was hyperpolarized by current injection to α1- similar extent as adenosine did, the fall in input resistance was only 7%. The adenosine uptake inhibitor S-(p-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioguanosine (NBTG) 30 μmol/l decreased the frequency of action potentials alone; on simultaneous bath-application with adenosine 300 μmol/l it potentiated the hyperpolarization caused by the purine derivative. 8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (CPDPX) 0.1 μmol/l had no effect on its own, but it antagonized both R-PIA 30 μmol/l and NBTG 30 μmol/l. A higher concentration of CPDPX (1 μmol/l) facilitated the spontaneous firing. In conclusion, both exogenous and endogenous adenosine activates somatic and/or dendritic A1-receptors of LC neurones leading to an enhancement of potassium conductance and thereby to α1- decreased firing rate and α1- hyperpolarization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169735
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptide Y potentiates via Y2-receptors the inhibitory effect of noradrenaline in rat locus coeruleus neurones (1993)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 348 (1993), S. 546-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Y2-receptor ; Noradrenaline ; Locus coeruleus ; Receptor interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracellular recordings were carried out in a pontine slice preparation of the rat brain containing the locus coeruleus (LC). Pressure application of noradrenaline with various pulse durations inhibited the spontaneous frequency of action potentials and hyperpolarized the membrane. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), its C-terminal fragment NPY(16–36) and peptide YY (PYY), at a concentration of 0.1 µmol/l all, potentiated the effect of noradrenaline, while [Leu31, Pro34]NPY (0.1 µmol/l) was inactive. These results are compatible with the presence of Y2-type NPY-receptors at the cell somata of LC neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173217
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