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  • ZIB Catalog
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (271)
  • 1965-1969  (271)
  • 1890-1899
  • 1968  (271)
  • Chemical Engineering  (257)
  • Psychopharmacology  (14)
Source
  • ZIB Catalog
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (271)
Material
Years
  • 1965-1969  (271)
  • 1890-1899
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sample selection by diagnosis in clinical drug evaluations (1968)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 13 (1968), S. 118-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Diagnosis ; Sampling Studies ; Statistics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Theoretical models for sample selection by diagnosis using one, one-out-of-two, two, two-out-of-three, and three concurring opinions are illustrated. These models are then applied to two categories, schizophrenia and depressive disorders, for an actual sample of patients diagnosed by multiple observers. The conclusion is reached that sample selection by a single opinion is not sufficiently reliable for research studies. The choice of alternative methods of selection depends on the needs of a particular study. Samples chosen on the basis of two-out-of-three concurring opinions provide the least total error. When erroneous inclusions are particularly undesirable, higher degrees of consensus—e.g. agreeing pairs or triplets—are necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404809
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of imipramine, physostigmine and amphetamine on the electrical activity of the brain in the cat (1968)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 13 (1968), S. 129-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Electroencephalography ; Psychopharmacology ; Imipramine ; Amphetamine ; Physostigmine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The results of the interaction of imipramine, physostigmine and d/l amphetamine in various intravenously administered dosages were studied on the cortical and subcortical electrical activity of cats. Imipramine was shown to cause a cortical synchronization, hippocampal desynchronization, rise in the threshold of electrocortical arousal and limbic convulsive activity which was potentiated by amphetamine. Imipramine increased the amount of physostigmine, but decreased the amount of amphetamine needed for cortical desynchronization. The possible significance of these findings for the neuropsychopharmacological action of imipramine is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404810
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of amphetamine on the sleep-wakefulness cycle of developing kittens (1968)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 13 (1968), S. 161-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Sleep-wakefulness Cycle ; Amphetamine ; Psychopharmacology ; Growing Animals ; Electrencephalography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The effects of amphetamine on the sleep-wakefulness cycle were studied in 48 kittens during the growth period of 1–28 days of age. Recordings of EEG, EMG of the posterior neck muscles and respiratory rhythms were made as well as observations of gross behavior. 2. Percent time of wakefulness was increased with amphetamine (0.3 mg/kg). This effect became more marked with age, i.e., being more significant after 16 to 18 days of age (P〈0.005) than before (P〈0.05). These increases in the intensity of the effect during growth may be related to the postnatal development of the structures responsible for wakefulness. 3. Percent time of “activated” sleep was diminished significantly at all ages including the newborns (P〈0.005). This lack of the influence of age suggests that the structures responsible for “activated” sleep are well developed at birth. 4. The increase of percent time of slow wave sleep was observed. This increase is regarded as a “passive” manifestation of time left available after a severe diminution of “activated” sleep time and relatively slight increase of wakefulness time during amphetamine medication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404813
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mechanism of fixation prevention and “Dissociation” learning with chlordiazepoxide (1968)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 12 (1968), S. 384-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Tranquilizing Agents ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Frustration ; Animal Behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This experiment investigated the possibility that chlordiazepoxide (CDP) has unique properties that account for state dependent learning, and prevention of conflict-induced behavior fixations. One group of rats were given a discrimination problem on a Lashley jumping stand, but on even days all responses were punished. Another group were treated the same way except than on even days all responses were rewarded. Each of these groups were subdivided, half of the Ss were given CDP on even days, the other half no drug. The results showed that punishment on even days for the response to be learned disrupted learning more than reward for responses that were to be avoided. CDP practically eliminated these disruptive effects and aided learning for the punishment group, but led to a slower rate of learning for the reward group. These findings confirmed the hypothesis that CDP attenuates the effects of negative incentives, and that this property accounts for the drug's cue value in discrimination learning and for its fixation prevention characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401344
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cholinergic drugs on poor performance of rats in a shuttle-box (1968)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 12 (1968), S. 371-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Cholinergic Blocking Drugs ; Animal Behavior ; Scopolamine ; Conditioned Reflex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Atropine or scopolamine improved conditioned avoidance behavior for most rats which performed poorly, in spite of extensive training, in a shuttle-box procedure. As previously reported, d-amphetamine also improved performance in many of these animals, but there was no particular relationship between a rat's responses to the cholinergic blocking agents and to d-amphetamine. The effect of any one of the 3 agents was, for the most part, reversible after the drug effect had dissipated. Physostigmine was quite potent in disrupting avoidance behavior in rats that performed well in the shuttle-box, even in animals that were overtrained. This impairment was antagonized by atropine or scopolamine, partly antagonized by d-amphetamine, and not antagonized by methyl atropine. Poor performers were found to be very sensitive to the disruptive effects of physostigmine, losing much of their escape behavior after relatively small doses. The results are interpreted as evidence for a central cholinergic system with inhibitory influences for modulating stimulus-response patterns. Under normal circumstances this inhibitory system probably functions in an integrated manner with the adrenergic mobilizing system for the central control of learned behavior. Centrally-active anticholinergic drugs of the muscarinic type appear to influence behavioral responses by inducing a response disinhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401343
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drug effects on motor coordination (1968)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 12 (1968), S. 414-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Barbiturates ; Phenothiazines ; Animal Behavior ; Motor Coordination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rotarod test of motor coordination in mice was modified by increasing the rotation speed every 30 sec until the animals fell off. This procedure yielded a stable, proficient level of performance within four brief trials; the approximately normal distribution of performance times provided an equivalent measure of either improvement or impairment caused by drugs and permitted the use of parametric statistical tests. A total of 240 mice were assigned to 20 different groups of 12 each, administered oral doses of placebo or different drugs, prior to trial 4. The use of a ratio score (performance time in trial 4 divided by the same animal's time in trial 3) provided a measure of drug-induced changes, controlling for individual differences among animals in over-all level of performance. Two phenothiazines (chlorpromazine and perphenazine) impaired performance at low doses, with a progressively greater decrement at increasing doses (4, 8, 16 mg/kg); 2 barbiturates (pentobarbital and amobarbital) showed an all-or-none effect, with no significant decrement at the lower doses (20 and 40 mg/kg) but almost complete incapacitation at the highest dose of 80 mg/kg. Performance superior to the placebo condition was found with the 2 lower doses of pentobarbital and with 3 d-amphet-amine doses (4, 8, 16 mg/kg). An analysis of individual differences gave evidence that the animals which were inferior in prior performance were more susceptible to both improvement and impairment of performance under the influence of drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401346
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of DDT or Parathion on condition avoidance response of offspring from DDT or Parathion treated mothers (1968)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 12 (1968), S. 424-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Central Nervous System ; Psychopharmacology ; DDT ; Parathion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The offspring of female mice treated with 2.5 mg/kg DDT during the second or third trimester of pregnancy showed a delayed acquisition of the conditioned avoidance response. If DDT was given in the first trimester, or if 3 mg/kg of Parathion was given during the pregnancy, no effect on the conditioned avoidance response of the off-spring was seen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401347
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase of “antianxiety” activity and tolerance of behavioral depression during chronic administration of oxazepam (1968)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 13 (1968), S. 74-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Benzodiazepines ; Psychopharmacology ; Antianxiety ; Drug Tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Oxazepam has two opposing actions on behavior: a responsedecreasing or depressant action and a response-increasing or disinhibitory action. The course of the two actions in chronic dosing was determined in rats in a test in which punished and unpunished schedules of reinforcement were alternated. The depressant action (measured by a decrease in the rate of unpunished behavior) was observed to undergo tolerance after 3–4 doses, while the disinhibitory action (measured by an increase in the rate of punished behavior) failed to show tolerance and even increased throughout the chronic series. The selective tolerance of the depressant action is probably due to neuronal adaptation, but changes in metabolism also may be involved. The increase in the rate of punished behavior is attributed, at least in part, to a progressive unmasking of the disinhibitory action as tolerance to the depressive action develops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401620
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influencing the human indoleamine metabolism by means of a chlorinated amphetamine derivative with antidepressive action (p-Chloro-N-Methylamphetamine) (1968)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 13 (1968), S. 145-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Indoleamine Metabolism ; Psychopharmacology ; Antidepressive Drugs ; Amphetamine Derivatives (Chlorinated) ; Depression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary CMA (p-chloro-N-methylamphetamine) lowers the cerebral 5-HT concentration in test animals but has virtually no effect on the catecholamine concentrations. Moreover, this compound was found to behave in depressive patients like an antidepressive drug, not like a central stimulant of the amphetmine type. The study described was conducted in order to establish whether CMA influences the overall metabolism of indoleamines in man. Such an influence was clearly demonstrable. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that CMA releases 5-HT from its depots. It has not been explained why a considerable proportion of the released 5-HT is excreted unchanged and why the increase in 5-HIAA excretion is so small: the overall activity of MAO was found not to be inhibited. No indications of abnormal 5-HT degradation were found at this time. Patients with vital depressions who improved on CMA medication showed a lower 5-HIAA excretion before treatment than did patients who were refractory to CMA treatment. This is consistent with earlier observations. The possible cause of this phenomenon is discussed. Among the various possibilities considered, an abnormal 5-HT metabolism is regarded as the most plausible. Pertinent investigations are being continued.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404812
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the effects of nicotine and physostigmine on a measure of activity in the rat (1968)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 13 (1968), S. 210-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Animal Behaviour ; Nicotine ; Physostigmine ; Motor Activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rats of 3 strains were observed at regular intervals and their activity was recorded using four categories of behaviour-rearing, moving, grooming and immobile. Strain differences in control activity were found. Nicotine and physostigmine reduced the activity of the more active rats and increased that of the less active animals. Rearing behaviour was particularly susceptible to depression by both drugs. The similarity of effect of the two drugs supports the hypothesis that one of the actions of nicotine in the brain is the release of acetylcholine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401401
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some observations suggesting preservation of skilled motor acts despite drug-induced stress (1968)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 13 (1968), S. 287-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Motion Pictures ; Motor Skills ; Eye Movements ; Psychopharmacology ; Psychological Tests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Measures of skilled motor performances, both of a task-oriented (tests of eye-hand coordination) and incidental (control of facial and ocular muscles) nature were recorded for a sample of 20 healthy young adults before and after single administrations of perphenazine, opipramol, imipramine and placebo at doselevels commonly supposed to produce mood or behavioral effects. It was anticipated that such performances would be sensitive even to slight changes in the subjects' physiological and psychological state; the aim was to test the power of tests of subtle skills in providing indices of slight to moderate behavioral effects. The performance measures remained surprisingly little affected by all drugs, despite their sensitivity to drug-independent improvement in performance throughout the experimental day, and despite evidences of drug-related effects, especially for imipramine and opipramol, in simple objective physiological measures, and for imipramine alone in subjective measures taken concurrently. There may be a class of skilled sensory-motor acts, particularly those related to well-learned daily activities, which, rather than being vulnerable to adverse effect, remain efficient even in the presence of signs of disturbance of bodily function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414340
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of cross-tolerance in rats among (−) Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabis extract, mescaline and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) (1968)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 13 (1968), S. 332-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cannabis ; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide ; Mescaline ; Hallucinogens ; Psychopharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using climbing rope and bar-pressing behavior methods, rats were rendered tolerant to Δ 9-THC, cannabis extract, mescaline and LSD-25. Cross-tolerance experiments showed that rats refractory to Δ 9-THC and cannabis extract were still sensitive to mescaline and LSD-25, and vice-versa. These results suggest that, in spite of the similarity of the clinical symptoms produced in man by the 3 drugs, Δ 9-THC may have its psychotomimetic effects produced by different mechanisms from those of LSD-25 and mescaline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414344
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and reserpine: an EEG, gross behavioral and biochemical analysis (1968)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 12 (1968), S. 400-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Electrophysiology ; Arousal ; Animal Behavior ; Brain Biogenic Amines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the interactions of reserpine and the monoamine oxidase inhibitors, nialamide and isocarboxazid, in rabbits. EEG recordings were made from animals with acute and chronically implanted electrodes. Gross behavioral observations were made in freely moving rabbits and brain amine concentrations of norepinephrine and serotonin were also determined. Emphasis was placed on observing drug effects over periods of time ranging up to 13 days. Rabbits given isocarboxazid or nialamide alone exhibit a phenomenon rarely seen in the control animals, namely partial activation, an EEG pattern in which slow waves of high amplitude are maintained in the cortex while fast activity appears in subcortical structures. This effect was also observed in rabbits treated with nialamide and reserpine in combination. By appropriate dosage schedules in which reserpine was administered to animals pretreated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors it was possible to maintain extended periods of frank arousal or EEG activation over a period of several days. The absolute concentrations of brain amines bore little or no relationship to the EEG effects observed, however, increased ratios of serotonin to norepinephrine were observed in conjunction with EEG activation and signs of behavioral excitement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401345
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroleptic action of quaternary chlorpromazine and related drugs injected into various brain areas in rats (1968)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 12 (1968), S. 428-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ganglia, Basal ; Psychopharmacology ; Chlorpromazine ; Amphetamine ; Dopamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In rats micro-injections in corpus striatum of quaternary chlorpromazine and related drugs give rise to highly characteristic neuroleptic effects: antagonism of amphetamine-induced stereotyped behaviour and development of catalepsy. There is no effect of injections in hippocampus or septum. Dopaminergic mechanisms in corpus striatum seem to play a central role in neuroleptic action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401348
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of microstructural characteristics on the failure properties of a polybutadiene system (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 89-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The stress-strain characteristic of polymeric binders and solid propellants are dependent on the crosslink density, molecular weight between crosslinks, molecular weight distribution in the binder formulation, volume fraction of filler, and the interaction between the binder and filler particles. This investigation is directed toward elucidation of solid propellant microscopic response and failure mechanisms through characterization of the constitutive effects of crosslink density, molecular weight distribution and curing agent ratio in the binder formulation, and filler fraction. This was accomplished on the ERLA/PBAA propellant system through investigation of three binder formulations with the same curing agent ratio but different crosslink densities; five binder formulations with different curing agent ratios; and four formulations with up to 69.9% by volume of filler.Uniaxial stress-strain characteristics were determined on each formulation at displacement rates of 0.2 to 20.0 in/min at isothermal test conditions ranging from 75 to -90°F. The failure characteristics of a viscoelastic material represent a curve in the three-dimensional space of stress, strain, and time. The ultimate property data on each formulation are presented as projections of this failure curve on the stress-strain, stress-time, and strain-time planes, respectively. Relationships are developed for the dependence of the stress-time, strain-time, and stress-strain failure envelopes on the volume fraction of bound rubber, crosslink density, molecular weight distribution and curing agent ration in the binder component, and the volume fraction of filler.
    Additional Material: 29 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080204
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasticizing ethylene copolymers (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 58-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080110
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deformation of free holes of arbitrary shape in a viscoelastic plate (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 82-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two independent methods for predicting the deformation of free openings of arbitrary shape in a viscoelastic plate are illustrated.The first method is experimental and is based on the interference of two systems of lines representing the initial and final positions of the material. To demonstrate the moire method, the creep compliance function for polymethylmethacrylate is determined as preliminary information. This function is used as input data in the ensuing theoretical analysis to insure realistic viscoelastic behavior.The second method involves techniques to approximate viscoelastic displacements from known elasticity solutions and known material properties.The methods are applied to two examples: (1) The square hole - to determine the motion of an opening of complicated shape; and (2) an ellipse loaded at 45° - to indicate qualitative agreement with an existing prediction of the motion of cracks in a viscous plate.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080203
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple, versatile and inexpensive rheometer for polymer melts (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 116-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A simple, versatile biconical rehemoter has been developed. This device provides shear creep and creep recovery data for polymer melts over a temperature range of 200-500°F. and a range of applied shear stresses from 2 × 103 to 9 × 105 dynes/cm2.Extensive reheological data have been obtained for two samples each of polyisobutylene and high-density polyethylene. These illustrate the value of the device in obtaining data useful for predicting and understanding the processing properties of polymer melts.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080207
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080301
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dependence of mechanical properties on molecular motion in polymersTopic of 1968 International Award in Plastics and Science Engineering lecture, New York City, May 8, 1968. (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 161-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Considerable progress has been made in the past 20 years in the synthesis, characterization and fabrication of plastics. Previous SPE Award winners, such as Mark, Natta, and Marvel dealt largely with synthesis; Flory with characterization; Alfrey and Du Bois with fabrication. One of the still unsolved problems lies in the realm of relating mechanical properties, such as impact strenght and creep to molecular structure.The design enginner who wishes to use a plastic part is concerned primarily with how some property such as impact strenght varies with temperature, speed of test, test method, etc. The polymer scientist must know why. Through knowing why, he may be able to design better plastics.This paper attempts to survey some of the world-wide progress made in this area in the past 10 years. The ultimate goal is to understand these mechanical properties in terms of internal molecular motions which occur in solid polymers. Internal motion can be detected by electrical, electromagnetic and dynamic mechanical measurements. When these three methods are applied on a given polymer over a range of temperatures, insights can be gained as to the variation of impact strength and other properties with temperature and frequency for that same polymer. These three fundamental methods, which require very small samples (less than 50 grams), can provide insight into the practical behavior of plastic materials over the wide range of temperatures and frequencies encountered in the real world.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080302
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of melt viscosity flow curves at various temperatures for some olefin polymers and copolymers (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 235-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A knowledge of the variation of melt viscosity of thermoplastic polymers with both shear rate and temperature is of considerable importance to plastics engineers as well as to polymer rheologists. The actual measurement of melt viscosity at a large number of temperatures and shear rates is frequently a tedious and time-consuming task. A technique has been developed, based upon the applicability of shear rate-temperature superposition, for predicting the flow curves of a number of olefin polymers and copolymers at various temperatures from experimental data obtained at one temperature for the material in question. The experimental validity for superimposing log shear stress - log shear rate curves at different temperatures along the log shear rate axis has been established for both high and low density polyethylenes, polypropylene, polybutene-1, and poly (ethylene vinyl acetate) copolymers. The temperature dependence of the resultant shift factors has been determined for each system, and the method of utilizing this information to predict viscosities as a function of temperature and shear rate is discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080309
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  • 22
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    Editorial (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 245-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080402
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  • 23
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    Structure-mechanical property relationships in ethylene methacrylic acid copolymers and their salts (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A dynamic mechanical study has been made of an ethylenemethacrylic acid copolymer containing 4.1 mole per cent of methacrylic acid units and its sodium, lithium and calcium salts. On the basis of the results and related physical chemical studies it is proposed that the structures of the ionized copolymers consist of three distinct phases - a crystalline polyethylene phase, an amorphous polyethylene phase, and an ionic phase consisting of ionic domains. It is further proposed that the unionized acid copolymer consists of two phases - a crystalline polyethylene phase and an amorphous phase consisting of polyethylene crosslined with hydrogen bonded, carboxylic acid dimers.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080406
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  • 24
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    Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the mechanical behavior of a crystalline polymer-polyoxymethylene (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 290-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The true stress-true strain behavior of polyoxymethylene, n(-CH2O), as an example of a bulk semi-crystalline polymer, has been investigated for constant hydrostatic environmental pressures from 1 atmosphere to 8 kilobars with the principal objectives of elucidating the factors controlling flow and fracture. Experiments were conducted in uniaxial tension at room temperature and constant strain rate. The tensile observations were supplemented by measurements of bulk compressibility and stress relaxation behavior at pressure.In contrast with metals and inorganic compounds, the modulus, yield stress and fracture stress of POM increase strongly with pressure by a factor of approximately three at 8 kilobars. The modulus increase is shown from the stress relaxation measurements to be associated with a pressure-induced increase in the β-transition temperature which points to the potential usefulness of the concept of pressure-temperature super-position of mechanical behavior. The characteristics of the pressure dependence of the yield stress demonstrate that yield criteria based on continum mechanics considerations, including the Mohr or Coulomb-Navier criterion, are not valid for general deformation (non-plane strain) conditions in this polymer. The concept of a critical volume change determining the initiation of yielding is suggested to be applicable to semi-crystalline polymers. Comparison with analogous changes in yield stress with temperature points to an increasing contribution to the control of yielding by the initially disordered regions with increasing pressure or decreasing temperature. The fracture behavior observed at pressure eliminates the concepts of a critical stress as a fracture criterion for POM and of a simple reduction in normal stress at points of stress concentration as the principal effect of the applied pressure on fracture.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080409
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
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    Adhesion of carboxyl-containing polyolefins (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 41-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080108
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080101
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  • 27
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    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 3-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080102
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  • 28
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    The determination of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer in polyvinyl chloride compounds using infrared or near-infrared spectrophotometry (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 19-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080105
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  • 29
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    Designing against fracture in brittle plastics (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 130-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The fracture toughness of a variety of sharply notched tension, bending and rotating disc specimens of PMMA is examined using linear fracture mechanics. It is observed that rapid fracture with a brittle glassy appearance usually follows a period of slow crack growth, denoted by fan shaped markings of local ductility, though still brittle overall. In this near brittle regime the fracture toughness is sensitive to strain rate so that high values of effective surface energy are easily induced by rapid testing or notch bluntness. At impact rates the toughness increases again. For design purposes, in the absence of environmental effects, the onset of slow cracking and rapid (glassy) fracture, can be associated with fracture toughness K1c of about 800 Ibf/in3/2 (90 kg/cm3/2) and 1600 Ibf/in3/2 (180 kg/cm3/2) respectively. Detailed studies have not been made on other materials but a guide to the levels of notch toughness and notch brittle temperatures are given for several plastics.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080209
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  • 30
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    A study of the tensile modulus of short fiber reinforced plastics (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 186-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An experimental study of the tensile modulus of unidirectional short fiber reinforced plastics is reported. The data show poor agreement with the theories for the longitudinal case but better agreement in the other cases. A semi-empirical theory is proposed to explain the longitudinal modulus data.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080303
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  • 31
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    Static testing of polyethylene (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 24-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080106
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  • 32
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    Thermal-oxidative behavior of ethylene alkyl acrylate copolymers (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 50-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080109
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  • 33
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    Spiral and helical fractures (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 227-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Spiral and helical fractures can be formed around high-modulus filaments and yarns which are embedded in brittle, amorphous, crosslinked resins. The phenomena are of particular interest because the stress field imposes a highly regular geometry upon the propagating fractures, and because the formation of the large surface area of the spiral fractures provides an efficient mechanism for dissipating strain energy. Development of the approach of the production of discrete geometrical voids with large surface area at predicatable sites may well provide resistance to impact in inherently brittle materials.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080308
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  • 34
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    Laboratory evaluation of the processing characteristics of rigid PVC compounds (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 310-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A small scale screw extruder designed for laboratory extrusion studies has been developed and its performance characteristics with powder-blended rigid PVC Compounds have been investigated.The use of the extruder in determining the susceptibility of rigid PVC compounds to various die-induced viscoelastic phenomena (fracture, sharkskin, and swell) is described.An investigation of the phenomenon of “nerve” in rigid PVC extrusions has been carried out. It is concluded that nerve is associated with instabilities in the fluxing process occurring in the transition section of the extruder screw design, the operating variables of the process, and the processing characteristics of the compound.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080411
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  • 35
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    The significance of a particle-flow process in PVC melts (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 5-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080103
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  • 36
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    Meaningful testing in the development of new fibers (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 32-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080107
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  • 37
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    Thermogravimetric analysis of vinyl chloride - propylene copolymers and other PVC resins (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 64-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080111
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  • 38
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    Electronic Resource
    Meet the new editor.… (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 81-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080202
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  • 39
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    Comparative swelling behavior of various thermoplastic polymers (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 110-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The elasticity of polymer melts is of major concern in the processing of plastics. It is usually reflected by dimensional changes. Since the swelling of polymer extrudates depends on the capillary dimensions and the volumetric flow rate, the blow-up must be examined over a range of conditions. Of course, the swelling is also dependent on polymer structure. Consequently, variations in materials and operating conditions necessiate changes in tooling. This paper describes the swelling behavior of several different polymer types and illustrates that viscosity measurements can not be used to predict elasticity.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080206
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  • 40
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    Correlation of physical and polymer chain properties (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 142-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An idealized polymer model is used to examine the magnitude of the catastrophic tensile breaking energy and stress in terms of primary and secondary bonding forces. Computed strengths for primary and secondary bonding are respectively 8000 and 500 times larger than observed values of a common thermoplastic. From other considerations, the glass transition temperature for both elastomeric and thermoplastic polymers is found to show a linear dependence on the cohesive energy per unit length of polymer chain.In special polymer model, the influence of polymer chains on unidirectional elongation is shown to be a function of chain size. Elongation data reported on a series of modified polycarbonates exhibit a correlation with chain size as described by the model. Published data on the polycarbonate series are used to evaluate the correlation between observed deformation breaking energies and cohesive energies calculated from glass transition temperatures.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080210
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  • 41
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    A study of the tensile strength of short fiber reinforced plastics (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 195-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An experimental study of the tensile strength of unidirectional short fiber reinforced plastics is reported. The data indicate agreement with existing theories as modified to suit plastics. The theory is extrapolated to provide a means for computing the strength of a random composite.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080304
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  • 42
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    Deformation and aging of quenched polypropylene (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 210-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The physical properties, i. e., yield stress and stress-strain curve of the quenched (“smectic”) form of polypropylene have been shown to be time dependent at room temperature. The yield stress increases linearly with the logarithm of film age. No changes in the x-ray diffraction pattern, infra-red spectrum, electron diffraction pattern or morphology have been observed corresponding to this change in physical properties. A molecular mechanism is proposed which will explain this again process. Spherulites of the quenched form have been found to deform affinely when drawn. In contrast to this, slow cooled films show complete destruction of internal spherulite (lamellar) order, indicating a complex mechanism of deformation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080306
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  • 43
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    Properties of block versus random copolymers (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 216-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Physical and mechanical properties of block copolymers are compared and correlated with the corresponding random copolymers. The important properties of melting point, transition temperatures, tensile strength, modulus, and elastic properties depend upon the structural arrangement of the molecular units comprising the polymer strecture. All available data suggest overwhelmingly that properties of block copolymers are superior to those of random copolymers. A block copolymer can have properties characteristic of each of the homopolymers from which it is derived as well as a set of properties due to the polymer strcture as a whole. Block copolymers have an advantage over random copolymers in that a crystalline polymer can be modified without significant reduction of its melting point, modulus, tensile strength, and elastic properties, and by suitable selection of a second component it affords a means of “building in” a particular property.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080307
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  • 44
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    Stress-strain behavior of the craze (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 281-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The constitution and properties of crazes in glassy polymers and their relation to crack propagation are reviewed. New evidence is discussed which shows the craze to be much softer than the parent polymer but capable of sustaining large stresses and strains up to the point of failure. Craze failure is much more dependent on polymer molecular weight than is craze formation, and this difference is reflected in changes in both fracture surface morphology and crack toughness with molecular weight. Finally craze mechanical properties are thought to be integrally related to the mechanical behavior of high impact plastics.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080408
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  • 45
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    Suspension polymerization kinetics of vinyl chloride (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 11-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080104
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  • 46
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080201
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  • 47
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    A system of deformation data for rational engineering design with plastics (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The paper discusses the deformational behaviour of thermoplastics, particularly in relation to their utilization through rational engineering design procedures. It describes the comprehensive systems of data that are replacing the old single datum quantities published hitherto and comments briefly on the corrdination of materials testing through the activities of B.S.I. Committee PLC/36.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080205
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  • 48
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    Dynamic mechanical properties of polymer melts: The effect of molecular weight distribution on the temperature dependence of viscoelastic properties (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 126-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An experimental investigation of the dynamic mechanical response of molten polymers was performed using the Maxwell Orthogonal Reheometer. One purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of molecular weight distribution on the temperature dependence of viscoelastic properties. Data were obtained over a range of temperatures for both monodisperse and polydisperse materials which indicate that viscoelasticity is highly temperature dependent only for monodisperse polymers. On a molecular basis the reduction in temperature sensitivity for polydisperse materials logically can be attributed to the influence of the low molecular weight species present in a distribution on the relaxation spectrum. Since the relaxation spectrum largely determines all viscoelastic functions, the observations made from th dynamic data shown in this paper can be generalized to all viscoelastic experiments.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080208
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  • 49
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    Application of time-temperature superposition principle to long term engineering properties of plastic materials (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 151-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Time-temperature equivalence was used to predict the long term engineering behavior of highly crystalline ethylene-butene copolymers. The long term behavior (greater than 1000 hrs.) was accurately predicted from tests of short duration (30 hrs.). This time-temperature principle was applied to stress-relaxation and creep at stresses, strains and temperatures normally encountered in engineering practices. It was also used to solve a design problem involving the creep deformation of metal plastic laminates. Long term tests were performed to confirm the predicted results. This technique was not applicable to rubber modified polystyrene because of an unexpected transition at 88°F.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080211
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of quenched polypropylene (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 202-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The morphology of the quenched form of polypropylene was investigated. Thin films of the quenched form consist of small ball-like structures which we suggest are defective hexagonal crystals. In thicker films they aggregate to form spherulites with no observable fine structure. Quenching of thin films of molten polypropylene to a temperature below 0°C results in the formation of numerous, isolated monoclinic spherulites with a better defined morphology than the smectic spherulites obtained by quenching above 0°C. This result suggests that the films (quenched below 0°C) were quenched to the glass and subsequently crystallized to the monoclinic form upon heating to room temperature.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080305
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080401
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  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of orientation on dynamic mechanical properties of ABS (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 246-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mechanical properties of a composite of glassy and rubbery polymers, ABS, were studied. Orientation induces two effects: (1) the intensity of the loss dispersion attributed to the rubbery component initially increases, then is reduced, and (2) a new loss peak at a temperature approximately 40°C below the original loss peak for the rubbery component appears. Assuming that this new peak is due to the dilated rubber particles embedded in the glassy matrix under strain, it is judged from the theory of Newman and Strella that a built-in strain of 6% would be sufficient to cause this shift in Tg. Above the Tg of the rubbery component, the strain energy required to break increases with temperature. The reinforcement through incorporation of rubber particles is accomplished by enhancing the ability of the glassy matrix to draw on a local, microscopic scale. Such a local cold drawing may well be identified with crazing of glassy polymers.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080403
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    Electronic Resource
    Time-dependence of crystal orientation in crystalline polymers (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 259-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The results of two methods for studying molecular processes accompanying the deformation of polyethylene are described. The examination of spherulite deformation by observing light scattering patters along with measurement of the birefringence, stress and strain during the rapid extension of polyethylene shows that this initial structural deformation is essentially instantaneous. Dynamic x-ray diffraction shows that this is followed by a slower relaxation involving change in the orientation of the crystals by two processes, the lower temperature one involving slipping of lamellae past each other and the higher temperature one involving viscoelastic flow of the crystals.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080405
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  • 54
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    Electronic Resource
    Viscous dissipation in capillary flow of rigid PVC and PVC degradation (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 272-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The steady state, non-isothermal behavior of rigid polyvinyl chloride melt, flowing in capillaries of circular cross-section, was investigated by solving, with the aid of a digital computer, the momentum and energy balance equations. It was assumed that the polymer melt can be described by the “Power Law” constitutive equation. The shear rate, temperature and pressure dependent properties of the fluid were obtained experimentally. The effects of the thermal degradation of PVC on its viscosity, were also introduced in the equations of momentum and energy.The velocity, temperature and pressure profiles, obtained for both adiabatic flow and flow through a tube of constant wall temperature, indicate that considerable heating of the melt, due to viscous dissipation, can be achieved at moderate flow rates. Thermal degradation occurs in the capillary under certain conditions of temperature history and residence time of the fluid. The results of this work are in fair agreement with experimental results in this area.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080407
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    Electronic Resource
    Particle size measurement of the dispersed phase in rubber modified polystyrene (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 241-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A widely accepted method for determining the particle size of the dispersed phase in impact polystyrene is by the microscopic examination of microtomed sections or dilute solutions of the polymer. Although this technique is relatively quick, it has obvious shortcomings to its statistical relaibility. In an effort to obtain more meaningful data, a Coulter Counter was employed to measure the average particle size and particle size distribution of the dispersed phase in a number of impact polystyrene samples. The materials examined contained rubber particles ranging from one to twenty microns in diameter. It was found that the weight average distribution of these particles was most nearly described by a log-normal probability function. The relative accuracy and reproducibility of the measurements made with the Coulter Counter suggest that it is a valuable tool for obtaining quantitative particle size information on the rubber modified polystyrene system.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080310
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    The dynamic behavior and stress relaxation of polymer melts (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 252-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymer melts exhibit a decrease in apparent viscosity as a function of decreasing time scale of shearing. In order to obtain an understanding of the mechanisms giving rise to this non-Newtonian behavior studies have been made of the dynamic linear viscoelastic response, the limit of linear viscoelastic behavior and the stress relaxation in polymer melts after steady state shearing. The results of these experiments are analyzed with respect to shear induced changes in the relaxation spectrum and the effect of these changes on the apparent viscosity.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080404
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  • 57
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    Electronic Resource
    Effect of solvent treatments on the mechanical properties of nylon 6 (1968)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 8 (1968), S. 302-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of absorbed solvents and chemical agents on the stress-strain and dynamic mechanical properties of nylon 6 film have been examined. The agents investigated were: water, benzyl alcohol, phenol and iodine. These materials produce changes in the crystalline structure as well as plasticization when they are absorbed. Repeated introduction and removal of phenol indicated that the change of structure takes place completely during the first absorption; after that, the effects of absorption are reversible. The pure plasticizer effect can therefore be observed by comparison of a sample containing plasticizer and a sample from which the plasticizer has been subsequently removed. The general effect of absorbed plasticizer (except for iodine) seems to depend primarily on the amount of plasticizer absorbed, and very little on its exact chemical nature. However, different agents can produce different crystalline forms. A method of analyzing the stress-strain curve is hypothesized based on the concept of a two-phase solid state structure consisting of a crystalline lattice imbedded in an amorphous matrix.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760080410
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    Electronic Resource
    An analytic solution for the dynamics of a packed adiabatic chemical reactor (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Locally linearized equations for dynamic disturbances from a steady state have been solved analytically for an adiabatic chemical reactor with chemically inert packing and a homogeneous chemical reaction. The solutions, in the form of transfer functions, include the effects of heat capacity of the packing and heat transfer between the packing and the fluid, as well as the coupling effects of chemical reaction and the associated heat generation.Several limiting cases of the transfer functions are discussed and the transfer functions are simplified by an approximation of the temperature dependence of the reaction rate. Frequency responses and step responses of the reactor are calculated from the transfer functions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140116
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    Studies of intramembrane transport: A phenomenological approach (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 110-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The intramembrane transport properties of carbohydrates were investigated in cellophane. The experiments performed were the measurement of net volume transfer under a concentration and pressure gradient and the solute transfer due to a concentration difference together with the physical properties of the membrane. The matrix of phenomenological coefficients characteristic to the transport was established after the phase boundary contributions were extricated from the experimental transport data. These thermodynamic coefficients were then interpreted through the Spiegler-Kedem-Katchalsky frictional model.The analysis of the frictional coefficients clearly indicated the importance of solute-polymer interactions. The magnitude of solute-solvent frictional coefficients in the membrane were compared with the corresponding interactions in free solutions. Their differences were explained in terms of the interaction of the solute with the macromolecular network and were quantitatively expressed by introducing two reduced frictional coefficients. The tortuosity factor was shown to be related to these interactions and not a simple geometric property of the membrane. The temperature dependence of the frictional coefficients was established.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140120
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  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drop formation at low velocities in liquid-liquid systems: Part I. Prediction of drop volume (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A correlation is presented for predicting the drop volume for injection at low velocities of one Newtonian liquid into a second stationary immiscible Newtonian liquid in the absence of surface active agents. The analysis, which is based on a two-stage process of drop formation, predicts drop volumes within an average error of 11% for fifteen liquid-liquid systems covering a wider range of variables than any previous study. Although the equation was tested primarily with mutually saturated liquids, if correctly predicted drop size for two systems where mass transfer was occurring.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140105
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  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creeping flow of power-law fluid over newtonian fluid sphere (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A technique which is a combination of Galerkin's method and variational principle was developed and used for the approximate solution of creeping flow of power-law fluid over a Newtonian fluid sphere. The stream functions (both internal and external) and drag coefficient are expressed in terms of three parameters: the flow behavior index of the power law fluid, the external Reynolds number, and a viscosity ratio parameter \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm X} = \frac{{\mu ia^{n - 1} }}{{KV_{\alpha ^{n - 1} } }}$$\end{document}. Comparisons with existing experimental data are also given.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140125
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  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbulent flow in concentric annuli (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 164-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An eddy diffusivity model was developed and used to predict velocity distributions for turbulent flow of air in annuli. Comparison of distributions calculated by the model with experimental data shows that good agreement between calculated and measured values can be attained for core-to-shell ratios from 0.001 to 0.990. The significant advantage of using a diffusivity model to predict velocity distributions lies in the inherent ability to consider systems with nonlinear stress distributions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140128
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    Erratum (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 207-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140133
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  • 64
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    Mathematical modeling and numerical integration of multicomponent batch distillation equations (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 190-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model for multicomponent batch distillation was derived, and a FORTRAN IV program was written for solution on a digital computer. The program has been used in the simulation of several commercial batch distillation columns.A calculation procedure for the numerical solution of batch distillation equations starting from total reflux steady state conditions was developed, and the step-by-step procedure is presented here. Also included is a discussion of the stability and relative computational effectiveness of various numerical integration techniques when applied to transient distillation calculations. The discussion applies equally well to both batch distillation and unsteady state continuous distillation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140132
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  • 65
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    A mathematical model of a packed-bed heat-exchanger reactor for Dehydrogenation of Methylcyclohexane: Comparison of predictions with experimental results (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The selective, highly endothermic reaction of methylcyclohexane to toluene and hydrogen was studied experimentally over a commercial Pt/Al2O3 catalyst, in an electrically heated tube serving as a packed-bed reactor heat exchanger. The constant-flux reactor, with measurement of temperatures within the bed at points intermediate along its length, proved well suited as an integral reactor for providing information on the reaction rate. A simple analytical model of the reactor was developed, and some of the data were used with the model to derive a rate expression.The model gives a good representation of radial variation of temperature in the packed bed. In the region of high Reynolds numbers investigated, radial transport of enthalpy is described in the model by a film resistance at the tube wall defined by heat transfer coefficient, and a diffusive transport through the packing, dominated by eddy diffusion.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140115
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  • 66
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    Mass transfer and wake phenomena (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 260-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The external velocity field associated with the fall of a single drop through a quiescent liquid phase is discussed. The field responsible for the transfer of vorticity from the point of generation to the disperse phase is assumed to be almost identical with the field that transfers mass from the drop interface. The stream surfaces associated with this field are made visible by means of dye trails. Since the field is not amenable to mathematical formulation, and since many reports appear in the literature concerning correlations between measurable flow parameters and the physical properties of the system, the field configurations relative to mass transfer mechanisms are considered qualitatively. The delineation of the flow patterns behind the drop gives some indication of the manner in which the external flow contributes to the transfer coefficients.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140211
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  • 67
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    On certain unsteady torsional flows of simple fluids (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an investigation of the equations of motion to find the conditions under which these equations admit exact viscometric solutions for certain unsteady torsional flows of incompressible simple fluids. In general, for the cone and plane and the parallel disk geometries, curvilineal solutions do not exist for arbitrary members of the class of simple fluids; however, if the inertia terms can be neglected in the equations of motion, curvilineal solutions can be found for the complete class of simple fluids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140213
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    Stability of reaction on a spherical particle (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 301-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a theoretical study of the stability of chemical reaction on the external surface of a single spherical particle in stagnant surroundings. The analysis, which invokes methods of linear stability theory, yields necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of a steady state solution to small disturbances for the cases of very small and very large solid thermal conductivity. It is shown that heat losses from the solid surface may lead to transient behavior which is characteristically different from that for adiabatic surfaces, and that the unsteady state is strongly affected by the thermal capacity of the solid material. A numerical example is employed to illustrate the possible significance of unstable situations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140217
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  • 69
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    Comparison of kinetic and diffusional models for solid-gas reactions (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 311-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A comparison of the kinetic and diffusional models for solid-gas reactions occurring in a spherical particle is presented. The similarities and differences of the unreacted-core shrinking model and the homogeneous model are examined in light of the rate-controlling factors. In view of the similarity of the two models, it is shown that erroneous conclusions in regard to the mechanism and the activation energies may be drawn from an analysis of the experimental data. A more versatile model is presented in order to augment the two models so that wider varieties of solid-gas reaction systems may be treated. The concept of effectiveness factors in solid-gas reactions is introduced, and the influence of diffusion is ascertained.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140218
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    On a transformation of the equation describing steady diffusion through a stagnant gas (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 350-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140224
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  • 71
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    The synthesis of system designs: I. Elementary decomposition theory (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 343-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A system synthesis principle is proposed from which processes can be composed to perform an assigned task. Synthesis is performed by the sequential decomposition of the design problem into subproblems which eventually reach the level of available technology.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140223
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    Correlation of mass transfer data: Comments on an article by Son and Hanratty (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 354-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140228
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    Chemical Process Industries, Third Edition, R. Norris Shreve, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York (1967). $18.50. (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 210-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140202
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    Stability of batch catalytic fluidized beds (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 211-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This work is a study of the stability of a batch fluidized bed with a simple model. It is shown that multiple steady states can occur with all catalyst particles at the same temperature, some of these states being unstable. If the initial temperature of all the particles is not the same, a special kind of steady state, in which particles of different temperatures can coexist in the bed, might be obtained. The number of these pathological steady states is not finite, and the conversion obtained may be very different from that obtained by a uniform steady state.The analysis has demonstrated that the initial temperature of the catalyst particles may be a predominate factor in determining the kind of steady state obtained. For the case of uniform catalyst particles, a simple stability analysis has been developed. Several numerical solutions of the transient equations were performed to investigate the possible responses of the system to disturbances of various steady states.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140204
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    Advances in heat transfer, volume 4, J. P. Hartnett and T. F. Irvine, Jr., Ed., Academic press, New York (1967) 458 pages $19.00 (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 371-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140303
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  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mechanism of heat transfer in a spray column heat exchanger (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 398-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Temperature profiles of dispersed kerosene and water were measured in a spray column heat exchanger, 15 cm. in diameter and 160 cm. long. Dispersed packing of drops and narrow temperature ranges were used. The flow rates used were 0 to 50 liters/min. of water and 5 to 40 liters/min. of kerosene. The physical picture that emerges from the temperature profiles is that heat is transferred from fully mixed drops to fully mixed wakes while the wakes are formed, by shedding and renewal of elements of wakes in most of the column and by complete mixing of all streams at the water inlet at the top of the column. Mathematical equations were developed from the physical model. The volume of the wakes and the rate of shedding of wake elements were estimated from the temperature profiles and were used to calculate the temperature profiles for this and for other studies. The agreement of the calculated profiles with the experimental data is very good.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140312
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  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbulent heat transfer in drag reducing fluids (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 406-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analysis is presented which extends the analogy between energy and momentum transport for turbulent pipe flow of purely viscous fluids to include drag reducing, non-Newtonian fluids. The correlation by Meyer is used to predict friction factor and sublayer thickness for the drag reducing fluids. The use of the friction factor correlation with the heat transfer analogy makes it possible to predict heat transfer rates from simple measurements of pressure drop and flow rate for the drag reducing fluids. Some recent experimental data for two effective drag reducing fluids and for water are compared with the predicted heat transfer rates, and the mean deviation in Nusselt number is found to be +8.5% for all of the data. The heat transfer analysis predicts a reduction in Nusselt number accompanying a reduction in friction factor for a given Reynolds number and for Prandtl numbers greater than 1.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140313
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  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of drag reduction with a viscoelastic model (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 434-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140318
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  • 79
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    Similarity type of solutions of the turbulent boundary layer equations for momentum and energy part I: An analysis of some existing solutions (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 440-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The law of the wall, the law of the wake, and the velocity defect law have been proposed as similarity types of solutions of the turbulent boundary layer momentum equation. Spalding proposed an approximation of the same type as the solution of the energy equation. This study shows these laws to be derivable from a small-perturbation type of solution of the general boundary layer equations for turbulent flow. The limiting conditions where each can be expected to be valid are clearly demonstrated. In particular, the law of the wall is shown to be the zeroth-order solution of the momentum equations when the solution is expressed in the form of a small-perturbation expansion. The first-order perturbation is shown to generate a relationship similar to Coles' law of the wake. Likewise, Spalding's approximation is shown to be the zeroth-order small-perturbation type of solution of the energy equation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140319
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  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity corrections to diffusivities in polymeric materials (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 357-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140230
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  • 81
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    Electronic Resource
    A simple method for derivation of concentration transfer functions for flow systems with first order chemical reaction (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 363-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140233
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  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The variational method in engineering, R. S. Schechter, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York (1967), 287 pages, $13.50 (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 371-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140304
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  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaporation of liquid droplets containing surface impurities (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 502-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140330
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  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parametric pumping separates gas phase mixtures (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 509-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140333
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  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method of finding simultaneously the values of the heat transfer coefficient, the dispersion coefficient, and the thermal conductivity of the packing in a packed bed of spheres: Part 1, mathematical analysiss (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 526-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140339
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  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer across mobile interfaces (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 531-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dependence of extraction efficiency on flow distributions and droplet boundary-layer behavior was investigated in a specially designed sieve-tray extractor. Flow patterns and drop trajectories were obtained from residence-time distributions and photographic observation. Extraction efficiency and continuous phase residence times were determined by a pulse technique.For most runs, flow behavior could be adequately described by the assumptions of perfect mixing in the continuous phase and plug flow of the drop phase. However, drop velocities were higher than predicted by single drop correlations, and the flow pattern was sensitive to minor changes in operating conditions. Observed extraction efficiencies were in good agreement with predictions based on observed flow patterns and the two film, surface stretch, mass transfer model of Angelo and Lightfoot. Approximately 90% of the stage mass transfer effectiveness appears to be due to the drop rise period, and essentially all the remainder to drop formation for the stage geometry selected.The greatest obstacle to reliable prediction of extractor performance is uncertainty as to the effect of operating conditions on flow distribution.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140403
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  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of molecular shape factors in vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations with the corresponding states principle (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 568-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Calculation of fugacities of components in a gaseous or liquid solution directly from the corresponding states principle requires an improvement in the pseudo-critical constants for the mixture. The derivation of the pseudo-criticals must take into account deviations from the simple two parameter corresponding states principle which require additional parameters incorporated into the definition of the pseudo-criticals. In this work parameters called molecular shape factors are introduced into the pseudo-criticals. A generalized correlation for these shape factors is presented.Use of the shape factors greatly improves the calculation of vapor-liquid equilibrium ratios for nonpolar hydrocarbon mixtures with large differences in molecular size and shape. Excellent results are obtained both in the low pressure and in the retrograde region when the pseudo-reduced properties of the vapor and liquid lie within the range of accurately known properties of a reference fluid and the reduced temperatures for each component is greater than approximately 0.6.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140407
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalytic dehydrogenation of cyclohexane: A transport controlled model (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 473-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental data and a mathematical model for the dehydrogenation of cyclohexane on a platinum-on-alumina catalyst in the presence of excess hydrogen are presented. Differential rate data were obtained by using a fixed bed flow reactor over a temperature range of 400° to 500°C., and a pressure range of 21.3 to 41.8 atm. at modified Reynold's numbers of 20 to 65. Cyclohexane concentration was varied from 16 to 25 mole %. In the development of the basic model, complete transport control of the overall reaction rate with equilibrium at the fluid external surface interface is assumed. The average deviation between experimentally determined and basic model calculated rates was 5.65%.Modification of the model by replacing the equilibrium assumption by a crude surface rate expression resulted in a reduction in average deviation to 4.3% and the maximum deviation was reduced from 22 to 12%.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140324
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quasilinearization, difference approximation, and nonlinear boundary value problems (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 490-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A finite difference method combined with the quasilinearization technique is used to solve the nonlinear two-point boundary value problems. This method does not have the stability problem connected with the marching integration techniques. A scheme which can be used to reduce the rapid access memory requirements of digital computers is also proposed. The steady state equations resulting from mass and energy balances in a tubular reactor with axial diffusion are solved by this method. With very poor initial approximations, only three to seven iterations are needed to obtain the correct answer.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140327
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local and average interphase heat transfer coefficients in a randomly packed bed of spheres (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 483-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Local and average heat transfer coefficients have been measured for a sphere in a randomly packed bed. A steady state technique was employed in which internally heated spheres were placed in a bed 35 in. deep and 12 in. sq. Air passed through the bed in downflow, the range of Reynolds numbers being from 120 to 1,700 based on the sphere diameter and the superficial velocity.Average heat transfer coefficients have been measured at twenty-five positions permitting the assessment of the effect of position. An entrance region limited to the first two particle layers in the bed has been verified.Distributions of the local heat transfer coefficient on the surface of a single sphere in the top layer and in the nineteenth layer of the bed have also been measured. These distributions indicate that a laminar boundary layer exists over portions of the sphere surface.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140326
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computational procedures for recent analyses of counterflow heat exchangers (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 505-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140331
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axial dispersion coefficient measurement in two-phase flow (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 657-658 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140422
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct evaluation of withdrawal equations (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 660-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140424
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    Impact tube measurements in dilute polymer solutions (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 663-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140426
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applicability of dispersion results to packed columns (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 668-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140429
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Penetration theory applied to unsteady gas absorption with irreversible first - order reaction (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 678-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140434
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
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    The application of theoretical diffusion models in the presence of a catalytic reaction (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 696-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The fundamental problem in this work was to determine if methods of predicting mass transport rates in porous catalysts, developed from theory in the absence of chemical reaction, are valid in the presence of reaction. By using the ortho-para shift of hydrogen over a ferric oxide gel catalyst as the reacting system, the effective diffusivity within the catalyst was determined from kinetic data on five different particle sizes of the catalyst. This effective diffusivity was then compared with that predicted by three different procedures recently published. These procedures predicted diffusivities approximately 40% below the experimentally obtained diffusivity. Although the differences between the experimental and predicted effective diffusivities can be regarded as within the limitations of the accuracy of the predictions, the observed differences may also be caused by some form of surface transport.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140504
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Continuous-phase mass-transfer coefficients for liquid extraction in agitated vessels (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 790-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Area-free continuous-phase mass-transfer coefficients for continuous flow of ethyl acetate (dispersed) and water (continuous) were measured in a 9.5 in. diameter baffled vessel, agitated with 3 and 5 in. diameter flat-blade turbines, and with the 3 in. turbine in the absence of baffles. Specific interfacial area was determined by a light-transmission technique which permitted a vertical traverse of the vessel.The specific area is greatest, and mean drop diameter smallest, near the impeller. The mean area is lower than that predicted from existing correlations for batch operation in the absence of mass transfer. Continuous-phase mass-transfer coefficients increase with increased impeller Reynolds number and dispersed-phase holdup, and are about 2.5 times larger in the unbaffled vessel at the same impeller power. The coefficients are generally larger than those predicted by existing correlations based on suspended solids, and it is suggested that this and the effect of holdup is the result of drop coalescence and redispersion, which causes a renewal of the continuous phase surrounding each drop. Rough estimates of the minimum coalescence frequency in the baffled vessel and application of the renewal concept to the data appear to confirm this view. Lack of information on circulation rates prevents immediate test of the data from the unbaffled vessel.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140519
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  • 99
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    Effect of triple-bond position on thermodynamic properties of mixtures: Phase equilibria for the system acetone-3-hexyne (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 812-812 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140524
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Operational methods for a convective diffusion equation (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 817-819 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140528
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