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  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (141)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1990-1994  (43)
  • 1980-1984  (98)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1945-1949
  • 1820-1829
  • 1992  (43)
  • 1982  (98)
  • 1829
  • Gas chromatography
Datenquelle
  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (141)
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 2015-2019
  • 1990-1994  (43)
  • 1980-1984  (98)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1945-1949
    • +
Jahr
Schlagwörter
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bromierte Diphenylether — eine entscheidende Zwischenstufe auf dem Weg zu synthetischen Schmierstoffen (1992)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 123 (1992), S. 1153-1161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Polyphenyl ethers ; Lubricants, synthetic
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The described synthesis of synthetic lubricants based on polyphenyl ethers requires an analytical characterization of the isomerization step, which is important to the process optimization. The separation of the intermediates succeeds with gas chromatography; the isomers are determined using a retention index system. The obtained results are compared with the composition of the final product, which was investigated by HPLC analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00808278
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stereometabolism of ethylbenzene in man: gas chromatographic determination of urinary excreted mandelic acid enantiomers and phenylglyoxylic acid and their relation to the height of occupational exposure (1992)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 64 (1992), S. 75-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Stereometabolism ; Ethylbenzene exposure ; R- and S-mandelic acid ; Gas chromatography ; Enantiomer separation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ethylbenzene is an important industrial solvent and a key substance in styrene production. Ethylbenzene metabolism leads to the formation of mandelic acid, which occurs in two enantiomeric forms, and phenyl-glyoxylic acid. To decide which enantiomer is preferably formed, 70 urine samples of exposed workers were taken at the end of shifts and — after 3-pentyl ester derivatisation — gas chromatographically analysed. The R/S ratio of mandelic acid enantiomers in urine amounts to 19:1, which means that R-mandelic acid is a major metabolite and S-mandelic acid is one of the minor urinary metabolites of ethylbenzene in man. The R/S ratio is independent of ambient air concentration of ethylbenzene within the investigated range. Compared to an ethylbenzene monoexposure the height of total mandelic acid excretion is decreased in the case of coexposure to other aromatic solvents.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381472
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Accidental death caused by the absorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol through the skin (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 66 (1992), S. 298-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Schlagwort(e): 2,4-Dichlorophenol ; Accident ; Fatality ; Gas chromatography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A case involving an accidental fatality resulting from skin absorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol in a factory is presented. The compound was quantified using gas chromatography after separation on a SP-1240 DA column and detection with flame ionization. Confirmation was obtained with mass spectrometry. Blood concentration was 24.3 mg/l. Other drugs, including ethanol, were not detected.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02307178
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermodynamic properties at infinite dilution of several solutes in ethers by gas-liquid chromatography (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 33 (1992), S. 41-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Activity coefficients ; 18-Crown-6-ether and tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether ; Thermodynamic properties
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The thermodynamic properties of different solutes at infinite dilution have been determined at 323.15 K. Deviations from ideality are discussed in terms of different contributions. The activity coefficients are compared with the calculated values by the one group contribution method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276849
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diastereoselective and enantioselective chromatography of the pyrethroid insecticides allethrin and cypermethrin (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 33 (1992), S. 103-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Chiral separations ; Allethrin ; Cypermethrin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Liquid and gas chromatographic separations of the pyrethroid insecticides allethrin and cypermethrin have been investigated with various achiral and chiral stationary phases. Diastercomeric and enantiomeric selectivity was observed for cypermethrin on a Pirkle-type chiral LC stationary phase, but very strong interactions and therefore long retention times prevented the separation of allethrin on this phase. Trans-allethrin isomers were separated on a chiral β-cyclodextrin RP-HPLC column while cypermethrin showed some difficulties on this phase due to isomerization. Diastereomeric but no enantiomeric selectivity by GC was achieved for cypermethrin with an apolar DB 5 capillary. GC separation of the diastereomers was used to study the selective photodegradation of cypermethrin isomers after forestry applications. Chiral β-cyclodextrin-based GC phases showed some enantioselectivity for cis- and trans-allethrin isomers. A separation of the eight isomers into six partially resolved peaks was achieved by GC with a coupled column consisting of chiral permethylated β-cyclodextrin and DB 1701 as stationary phases. This combination was used to characterize allethrin formulations intended for indoor use and to investigate allethrin products formed by ozonolysis of thin films of the insecticide.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02275888
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Improved gas chromatographic method for the determination of the individual free fatty acids in cheese using a capillary column and a PTV injector (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 33 (1992), S. 351-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Free fatty acids ; Cheese ; Programmed temperature vaporizer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A gas chromatographic method with a capillary column and a programmed temperature vaporizer injector has been used to analyze the individual free fatty acids in cheese. The lipids were extracted from an acidified cheese slurry with diethyl ether and treated with tetramethylamonium hydroxide (TMAH) to convert the free fatty acids to tetramethylammonium soaps (TMA-soaps), which were subsequently pyrolyzed to methyl esters in the injector. Carrying out injection at the initial column temperature resulted in lower dispersion of the results, but the solvent front prevented quantitative determination of butyric and caproic acids, and an injector temperature of 300°C was therefore employed. Under the conditions tested, trimethylamine (tma) flash-off did not affect the determinations. The accuracy of the method improved at higher free fatty acid contents (coefficient of variation of 0.53% for a total free fatty acid content of 9000 mg/kg as opposed to 7.0% for a total free fatty acid content of 1400 mg/kg). The recovery rate for individual free fatty acids ranged between 91 and 103%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02275917
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optimization of selectivity by tuning column temperatures of identical capillary columns in series in a dual-oven GC system (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 33 (1992), S. 463-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; coupling capillary columns ; Selectivity optimization ; Dual oven tuning
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A computer-assisted procedure is presented for optimization of selectivity of tandem capillary columns with the same apolar (SE-54) stationary phase by varying column temperatures. The procedure is based on a threshold criterion calculated from the required resolution factor in which the separating power of the columns as a function of temperature is incorporated. The validity of the procedure has been verified by the analysis of a sample containing 33 hydrocarbons on two 31 m×0.3 mm i.d. SE-54 capillary columns coupled in series and by varying the temperatures of both columns in the range 60–100°C. At the optimum temperatures (70°C for the first and 92°C for the second column) 26 compounds were resolved equal to or better than Rji=1.00 in 22.8 min.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262328
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gas chromatographic study of the adsorption of methyl iodide on several types of carbons (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 34 (1992), S. 568-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Carbon adsorbents ; Methyliodide ; Effect of KI on adsorption ; Thermodynamics of adsorption
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Gas chromatography has been used to measure the adsorption at zero surface coverage of methyl iodide on different types of carbon. The effect on the adsorption of methyl iodide of adding potassium iodide to the carbon samples was also studied. The differences observed in the behaviour of these samples for the adsorption of methyl iodide are explained on the basis of the textural characteristics of the samples. Thermodynamic functions of adsorption of methyl iodide at zero surface coverage are obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02269865
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Direct determination of partition coefficients of volatile liquids between oil and gas by gas chromatography and its use in QSAR analysis (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 34 (1992), S. 601-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Partition coefficients ; Olive oil-nitrogen partition ; QSAR
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A gas-liquid chromatographic method has been used for direct determination of the partition coefficients (KD) of alcohols, ethers and ketones between olive oil and nitrogen. Olive oil was characterised as a stationary phase for gas chromatography. The differential molar enthalpies of solution were also calculated from retention data. Correlations between log KD for olive oil — nitrogen and molecular connectivity indices, differential molar enthalpies of solution, biological activity and partition coefficients for blood-air were obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02269870
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fast derivatization and GC analysis of phenolic acids (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 34 (1992), S. 621-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Methyl and ethyl chloroformate ; Derivatization in the presence of water ; Alkyl and alkoxycarbonyl esters
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Phenolic acids, i.e. benzoic, phenylacetic, phenylpropenoic (cinnamic), phenylglycolic (mandelic), phenylpropionic and their variously substituted forms can be converted almost instantly to derivatives amenable to GC by treatment with methyl or ethyl chloroformate. The reaction, catalyzed by pyridine, proceeds even in the presence of water. The carboxylic group is esterified to the corresponding alkyl ester but even the alkoxycarbonyl ester (mixed anhydride) can be produced by altering the reaction conditions. Hydroxyl groups on the benzene ring or adjacent to the carboxylic group are converted to the alkoxycarbonyl ethers. Benzoic acid and some of its substitutents, unlike the other aromatic acids, shows a tendency to mixed anhydride formation even under conditions used for alkyl esters. A well deactivated capillary column with a thin film of stationary phase of low polarity enables even the mixed anhydrides to be analyzed successfully.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02269874
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The GC separation of C2-naphthalene isomers using cyclodextrins and crown ethers (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 34 (1992), S. 163-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Cyclodextrins ; Crown ethers ; Dimethylnaphthalene isomer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The twelve structural C2 isomers of naphthalene are resolved on a single capillary column using α, β, or γ cyclodextrin as the stationary phase. A change in elution order is seen upon going from α to β and then γ cyclodextrin which can be related to the size of the cyclodextrin cavity and the stereochemical fit of the isomer. A crown-ether column and a liquid-crystal column were found to be unable to separate all of the isomers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276131
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of partition coefficients by automatic equilibrium headspace gas chromatography by vapor phase calibration (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 34 (1992), S. 235-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Headspace sampling ; Partition coefficients ; Multiple headspace extraction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Equilibrium headspace gas chromatography has been applied to the determination of the partition coefficients of volatile compounds in water-air systems. Only techniques that are suited to a fully automatic headspace procedure using the pneumatic headspace sampling-technique have been considered. Particularly simple is the technique of “vapor phase calibration —VPC” where an external vapor standard is used to calibrate the concentration of the volatile analyte in the headspace, while the concentration in the sample is found from the difference in the total amount in the vial. This technique is described in detail for 2-butanone in water. Finally, the water-air partition coefficients of several selected volatile compounds at different temperatures are listed together with their temperature functions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268351
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation of volatiles with insecticidal properties from the genusTagetes (Marigold) (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 34 (1992), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Natural insecticides ; Marigolds ; Isolation of volatiles
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The results of optimizing Soxhlet and Simultaneous Distillation-Extraction (SSDE) procedures for the isolation of natural insecticides fromTagetes erecta, Tagetes patula, andTagetes minuta, members of theCompositae family, are presented. Extraction procedures were developed and validated that produced the extract with the highest degree of biocidal activity. The highest activity was obtained with extracts isolated by SSDE using methylene chloride. Initial work was carried out on a micro-SSDE. Preparative SSDE was used to provide large quantities of extracts for bioassays. Bioassays were used to govern optimization procedures usingAedes aegypti andAnopheles stephensi adults and larvae as target organisms.Tagetes minuta was determined to be the most active of the three species studied. Evaluation of activity and recovery versus extraction time was investigated. It was determined that an extraction time of ten hours resulted in the highest activity and over 90% recovery of the oils. Finally, supercritical fluid extraction of the flowers with CO2 was compared to SSDE.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268352
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography. Part II: Sociation free enthalpies of some hydrogen bonding solutes with non-associated primary alcohol groups (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 34 (1992), S. 249-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Sociation constants ; Hydrogen bonding solutes ; Nearly ideal binary solvent theory ; Isosteric solvents
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Gas chromatographic data measured on mixtures of 19,24-dioctadecyldotetracontane, A≡C78, and 18,23-dioctadecyl-1-hentetracontanol, POH, allow the determination of the standard chemical potential of a solute on an ideal stationary phase with primary alcohol groups at ideal dilution. The Nearly Ideal Binary Solvent Theory provides the link between these data and the sociation constant of the solute with the primary alcohol. The method was applied to calculate sociation constants of a series of hydrogen bonding solutes. Results are compared with those determined by spectroscopy and calorimetry.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268353
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hhdrodenitrogenation catalysis studied by reversed-flow gas chromatography (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 34 (1992), S. 398-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Reversed-flow technique ; Catalysis ; Hydrodenitrogenation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Many important parameters of surface catalysed reactions can be determined simultaneously, under nonsteady state conditions using Reversed-Flow Gas Chromatography. A simple, slightly modified gas chromatograph is required. The distorted diffusion bands, obtained experimentally for reactant and product(s), can be analysed mathematically, using simple PC programs, to give the pre-exponential factors and the exponential coefficients of a function consisting of the sum of two-four exponential functions of time. From these, and some geometrical and diffusional characteristics of the reaction cell, the values of adsorption, desorption and reaction rate constants, the overall mass transfer coefficients in the gas and in the solid catalyst, and the adsorption equilibrium constant, for both reactant and product(s) can be calculated. The above parameters were determined at various temperatures and over three catalysts for the hydrodenitrogenation of piperidine ton-pentane, an industrially important hydrotreating process. The results obtained can help to understand the mechanism of reactions on solid surfaces and to confirm experimentally theoretical calculations on adsorption and surface reactions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268375
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use of a high-pressure Soxhlet extractor for the determination of organochlorine residues by gas chromatography (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 34 (1992), S. 468-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; High-pressure Soxhlet extraction ; Organochlorine residue analysis ; Supercritical fluid extraction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The operational conditions of a high-pressure Soxhlet extractor (pressure, temperature, time and amount of sample) have been optimized, using carbon dioxide as extractant for the determination of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in certified potato, carrot, olive oil and lyophilized fish tissue samples. Good recoveries were obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290238
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Capillary gas chromatography of some telomeric fluoroalkanols (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 34 (1992), S. 475-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Telomeric fluoroalkanols ; Retention index ; Regression equation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The separation of fluoroalkanols with the general formula H(CF2CF2)nCH2OH (n=1–8) on fused-silica capillary columns coated with dimethylsilicone and cyanopropylmethylsilicone stationary phases was investigated. Retention indices were determined at three temperatures. A correlation between the retention index values, the molecular weights and the number of C and F atoms in the solute molecules was found.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290239
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Allyl thiocyanate — Natural product or artifact in Crucifer extracts? (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 34 (1992), S. 461-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Allyl thiocyanate and isothiocyanate ; Plant extract ; Analytical artifacts ; Isomerization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Allyl thiocyanate and isothiocyanate were synthesized and could be analysed by gas chromatography without isomerization by keeping the injector at, or below, 50°C. Synthetic allyl isothiocyanate contained none of the isomeric thiocyanate but allyl thiocyanate contained 0.5% of isothiocyanate. The NMR spectra indicated both compounds to be free of the corresponding isomer. Analysis of extracts of stinkweed, mustard and horseradish by GC using non-isomerizing conditions showed that only the stinkweed extract contained allyl thiocyanate. Mustard and horseradish extracts contained allyl, and other, isothiocyanates but no allyl thiocyanate. Allyl thiocyanate previously reported in extracts of mustard and horseradish was most likely an artifact caused by partial isomerization of allyl isothiocyanate under the conditions of isolation and/or analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290237
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Open-tubular columns: Past, present and future (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 34 (1992), S. 513-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Open-tubular (capillary) columns ; History of chromatography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290246
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interpretation of COHb concentrations in the left and right heart blood of cadavers (1992)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 105 (1992), S. 65-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Schlagwort(e): Fire victim ; Exposure before or after death ; Carbon monoxide hemoglobin ; Gas chromatography ; Brandopfer ; Antemortale und postmortale Exposition ; Kohlenmonoxid-Hämoglobin ; Gaschromatographie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Rechtswissenschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der Gaschromatographie wurde die Kohlenmonoxid-Konzentration im Blut des rechten und linken Herzens vergleichend untersucht. Das Material stammt von Leichen mit antemortaler oder nicht-antemortaler Feuer- oder CO-Exposition. Das Konzentrationsverhältnis von COHb zwischen linkem und rechtem Herzblut (L/R-Quotient) scheint ein nicht brauchbares Kriterium zu sein, um festzustellen, ob der Tod sich vor oder nach der Feuer-Exposition ereignet hat; mit der Ausnahme von solchen Fällen, wo bei makrokopischer Untersuchung kein Ruß in den Atemwegen gefunden wird und wo die COHb-Konzentration innerhalb jener Grenzen ist, welche für Zigaretten-Raucher als normal angesehen werden.
    Notizen: Summary Carbon monoxide hemoglobin (COHb) concentrations in left and right heart blood samples from cadavers both exposed and not exposed to fire or CO gas were analyzed by the gas chromatographic method. The COHb concentration ratio between samples of left and right heart blood (L/R ratio) does not appear to be useful for establishing whether death has occurred before or after exposure to fire with the exception of cases where no soot can be detected in the airways by the naked eye and the COHb concentration in the blood sample is within the level considered normal for tobacco smokers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02340825
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Utilization of total solubility parameter for calculating retention indices of alkylbenzenes (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 33 (1992), S. 575-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Retention indices ; Solubility parameters ; Alkylbenzenes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A new three-parameter equation is obtained that relates gas liquid chromatographic retention indices for nonpolar and weakly polar substances such as hydrocarbons to their total solubility parameters, molar volume and the number of carbon atoms by applying the expanded solubility parameters model to gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Regression analysis is performed according to the three-parameter equation for a number of C6−C11 alkylbenzenes on stationary phases of different polarity and at various temperatures. The regression coefficient is always higher than 0.9995 and the standard deviation lower than 3.3 i.u. For isomers, the equation is simplified to a two-parameter equation and the correlations between retention indices, total solubility parameters and molar volume are excellent. Regression analysis shows that the approach successfully predicts the retention indices of alkylbenzenes on polar and non-polar stationary phases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262251
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    GC/MSD detection of the metabolic residues of metolachlor in tomato fruit (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 33 (1992), S. 147-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; MS detection ; Metachlor ; Herbicide residues ; Tomatoes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A gas chromatograph/mass selective detector method is presented for the analysis of the major metabolic residues of metolachlor by acid hydrolysis of tomato fruit. The two major hydrolysis products, CGA-37913 (2-[2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl]amino-1-propanol) and derivatised CGA-49751 (4-[2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl]-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-morpholinone) were monitored in the selective ion mode atm/z 162 andm/z 160, respectively. Recoveries from 87 to 96% were obtained for tomato fortified at 50 to 200μg kg−1. The proposed method of analysis will allow for a detection limit of 11 μg kg−1 for CGA-37913 and 12 μg kg−1 for the derivatised CGA-49751.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02275895
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Design and evaluation of a mixed-phase capillary column for the gas chromatographic separation of the volatile components of cheese (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 33 (1992), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Cheese volatiles ; Mixed phase ; Optimum phase composition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A mixed-phase capillary GC column has been designed for the separation of the compounds commonly present in the volatile fraction of cheeses. The design includes the calculation of the optimum phase concentration and the operating conditions. The evaluation of the resulting column indicates that its performance in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of cheese volatile compounds is better than those of other columns coated with a single stationary phase.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276185
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optimizing electron-capture detector performance for gas chromatographic analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 33 (1992), S. 272-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Electron-capture detector ; Polychlorinated biphenyls ; Simplex optimization ; Principal component factor analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A modified simplex technique has been applied to optimize the performance of an electron-capture detector under constant-current and constant-frequency pulse modes for the gas chromatographic analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls. Optimal performance was obtained by adjusting the four experimental parameters of pulse voltage, detector temperature, make-up gas flow rate, and reference current (or pulse frequency) using the signal-to-noise ratio of the eluting peak as the criterion. The results show that constant-current pulse mode has better sensitivity and dynamic range whereas the constant-frequency pulse mode has the lower detection limit. Subsequent principal component factor analysis indicated that similar performance is achievable using only three parameters.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276194
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Direct aqueous injection gas chromatographic analysis of polar compounds using sorbents containing potassium fluoride dihydrate (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 33 (1992), S. 279-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Direct aqueous injection ; KF.2H2O containing sorbents
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary For direct aqueous injection gas-chromatographic analysis of polar compounds present in aqueous solutions sorbents containing conventional stationary phases and potassium fluoride crystal hydrate are proposed. On such sorbents polar compounds elute with narrow symmetrical zones under gentle chromatographic conditions. In such sorbents KF.2H2O mainly deactivates the surface of the solid support. The polarity of these sorbents is compared with the polarity of molten potassium fluoride dihydrate and conventional stationary phases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276195
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Calculation of programmed temperature retention indices: Part 2: Optimization of temperature dependence calculation (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 34 (1992), S. 636-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Linear programmed temperature indices ; Retention temperature ; Calculation of retention indices
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Programmed Temperature Retention Indices (PTRI) of several solutes on four packed columns coated with stationary phases covering a range of polarities have been estimated for sixteen temperature programs by exploiting isothermal retention data obtained at 70–180°C. PTRI calculations have been carried out by interpolating the retention temperatures calculated according to Curvers et al. from the graphs of retention index against column temperature, matched according to polynomials of grade 1 to 3 and by hyperbolic fitting. PTRIs by the van den Doole & Kratz equation and by cubic splines have also been computed. Comparison is made of these PTRIs with those calculated from cubic splines of the measured retention temperatures throughout the various temperature programs and the retention index deviations in terms of variance and relative error are explored. The smallest variance are found for the less polar stationary phases, PS-255 and OV-105; the biggest variance values are found for OV-275. Data are given showing that about 95% of the determinations of PTRIs on the low polarity stationary phases show deviations of not greater than 2%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02269876
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pulsed discharge emission detector — Application to analytical spectroscopy of permanent gases (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 34 (1992), S. 226-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Pulsed discharge emission detector ; Emission spectroscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary This publication contains our initial development of a pulsed discharge emission detector (PDED) (patent pending). It uses a pulsed high voltage discharge in helium, which provides a stable source for atomic and polyatomic emission spectroscopy. We have evaluated this detector for both quantitative and qualitative analysis of a range of chemical compounds. Emission spectra observed from the pulsed high voltage discharge are valuable for spectral analysis. The results obtained for selected permanent gases in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions of the optical spectrum indicate that these spectra can be used for compound identification after a chromatographic separation. The data are unique in our opinion and serve as a basis for the future development and investigation of the analytical significance of this detection method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268350
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Free radical crosslinking of the gas chromatographic stationary phase containing europium chelates (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 34 (1992), S. 266-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Stationary phases ; Crosslinking ; Europium chelates
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A gas chromatographic stationary phase containing europium chelates was modified by a free radical crosslinking with 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile). The stationary phase was characterized by injections of the McReynolds series of standard solutes. A better thermal stability and an enhanced polarity was observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268356
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of aliphatic amines in air by membrane enrichment directly coupled to a gas chromatograph (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 33 (1992), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Alipharic amines in air ; Impinger sampling ; Gas membrane enrichment
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A method is described for the determination of shortchain aliphatic amines in ambient air based on impinger sampling in dilute H2SO4, selective enrichment across a PTFE gas membrane and quantification by gas chromatography. The enrichment step is carried out in a flow system directly connected to the chromatograph. The separation is performed on a packed column with nitrogen selective detection. The enrichment per sample volume was in the range 7.3 to 8.2 mL−1 for C1−C6 amines. Detection limits were ca 3–10 nM with enrichment of a 2.9 mL liquid sample. After impinger sampling of 5 m3 air in 10 mL absorption solution, this corresponds, to 0.4–0.8 ng/m3 (ca 0.2–0.5 ppt by volume) in air.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276856
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of fluorine substitution on the solvation properties of tetraalkylammonium alkanesulfonate phases in gas chromatography (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 33 (1992), S. 551-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Liquid organic salts ; Alkane-and perfluoroalkanesulfonates ; Solvation mechanisms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A series of tetraalkylammonium alkanesulfonate and perfluoroalkanesulfonate liquid organic salts are studied as model solvents to characterize quantitatively the influence of fluorine substitution on retention in gasliquid chromatography. Interpretation of solvation interactions is performed using two new thermodynamic models suggested by Kollie and Poole and Abraham and co-workers. For the solvents studied any reduction in dispersive interactions accompanying the introduction of fluorine must be approximately offset by an increase in the cavity term. Of the polar interactions, orientation interactions are large but only weakly influenced by the introduction of fluorine; solvent hydrogen-bond base interactions are strong and significantly influenced by the inductive effect of fluorine on the electron density on the sulfonate group; solvent hydrogen-bond acid interactions are negligible for all salts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262247
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gas chromatographic behaviour of monosubstituted benzenes, benzaldehydes and acetophenones on OV polymethylphenylsilicone stationary phases (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 33 (1992), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Methylphenylsiloxane stationary phases ; Kovats retention indices ; Monosubstituted benzenes, benzaldehydes and acetophenones
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The retention indices of some monosubstituted benzenes, benzaldeyhdes and acetophenones have been determined on seven OV polymethylphenylsiloxane liquid phases. The interactions and forces that affect the separation of the isomers and their elution sequences are discussed, taking into account mesomeric and inductive effects of the substituents in the benzene ring and the dipole moments of these solutes. These phases are not very selective for the separation or the accurate assessment of the effect of substituent over the benzene nucleus. This may be explained by the presence of the considerable number of benzene nuclei integral to the structure of these phases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276193
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparative application of sulfur chemiluminescence detection in gas and supercritical fluid chromatography (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 33 (1992), S. 507-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Supercritical carbon dioxide ; Sulfur chemiluminescence detection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Sulfur chemiluminescence detection (SCD) for the determination of sulfur-containing compounds in gas chromatography (GC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is described. The detector is based on the chemiluminescence reaction of ozone with sulfur monoxide which is produced in an H2/O2 reducing flame from sulfur-containing analytes. High selectivity over nonsulfur-containing species has been achieved for a number of mercaptans and sulfur-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Minimum detectable quantities of 23 and 26 pg S (S/N=3) for dibenzothiophene and benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]thiophene, respectively, have been obtained using the SFC/SCD system. It was found that connecting a buffer volume flask to the vent of the vacuum pump that draws the effluents and ozone gas into the chemiluminescence reaction chamber, increases the sensitivity of the SCD.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262240
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relationship between ethylene adsorption isotherms and GC retention on Carbowax-coated porous graphite (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 33 (1992), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Porous graphite ; Adsorption isotherms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The objective of this work was to correlate adsorption isotherms of ethylene at −78°C on porous graphitic carbon (PGC) with gas chromatographic performance, the intention being that such isotherms could be used as a quality control test for PGC's in general, whether used for GC, HPLC or other adsorptive purposes. GC of test solutes shows that severe peak tailing on bare PGC is removed almost totally by a coating PGC with as little as 0.05% by weight of Carbowax 1500. Surprisingly there is little corresponding change in the ethylene adsorption isotherms, although it is possible to distinguish small differences at surface coverages below 5% of a monolayer of ethylene. Further work is required to establish a useful QC test.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276189
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Unified retention indices of hydrocarbons on BP-1 dimethylsiloxane stationary phase (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 34 (1992), S. 83-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Unified retention index ; BP-1 dimethylsiloxane ; Hydrocarbons
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Gas chromatographic retention indices for 23 hydrocarbons were determined on BP-1 dimethylsiloxane between 45 and 65°C. From the data measured unified retention indices were calculated. These values agree well with the corresponding experimental values. The values of unified retention indices obtained on BP-1 are compared with those determined on OV-101 and on squalane. The differences between the unified and the experimental retention indices on BP-1, OV-101 and squalane columns are shown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290465
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preparation and characteristics of two new GC stationary phases-dihydroxy crown ether containing polysiloxane (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 34 (1992), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Dihydroxy crown ether stationary phases ; Immobilization by condensation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Two new kinds of crown ethers: 3,5-dibutyl-unsymmetrydibenzo-14-crown-4-dihydroxy (cis-, and trans-) with the OH-terminal silicone oil in different proportion were coated on glass capillary columns, and immobilized by condensation using a coupling agent of alkyltrimethoxysilane. Chromatographic characteristics, including column efficiency, polarity, selectivity, phase transition temperature and thermal stability were studied. The columns were compared with PEG-20M in terms of polarity and selectivity. The immobilization and retention mechanisms are also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290466
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optimization of conditions in static headspace GC (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 15 (1992), S. 834-836 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Static headspace ; Optimization of conditions ; Gas chromatography ; Blood alcohol ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The precision and sensitivity of head-space GC can be improved by careful selection of the operating conditions: partitioning in the vapor phase can be promoted by altering the sample matrix; the ratio of the volumes of the gaseous and liquid phases, the sample temperature, the equilibration time, and the effect of sample mixing should also be considered.Most of the principles covered here can be applied to either manual headspace GC or to headspace GC utilizing an automated sampler.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240151212
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A convenient computer program for calculation of Kováts retention indexes (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 15 (1992), S. 478-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Kováts retention index ; GW-BASIC program ; Computer-assisted calculation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150714
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High temperature gas chromatography on narrow bore capillary columns (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 15 (1992), S. 256-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; High temperature ; Narrow bore glass columns ; CH3O-terminated polysiloxane, PS-090 ; Triglycerides ; Free base porphyrins ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The use of high-temperature-stable, medium polarity glass capillary columns coated with immobilized PS-090 (a 20 % diphenyl-substituted, CH3O-terminated polydimethylsiloxane) has made it possible to analyze routinely, and with good separation efficiency, high molecular weight compounds such as triglycerides and free base porphyrins. Cold on-column injection was used throughout this work to avoid discrimination against involatile compounds, and disposable (fused silica) retention gaps were used to protect the column against contamination with involatile material. On-column injection into narrow bore glass columns was achieved by using glass-to-silica connections to attach wider bore (0.2 mm i.d.) deactivated fused silica tubing to the columns.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150410
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hydrocarbon contaminants of boiled shrimp and crab meat (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 15 (1992), S. 332-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Volatile components of crab and shrimp ; Environmental contaminants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Capillary GC and GC-MS have been used for the identification and quantitation of n-alkanes, naphthalenes, and alkylben-zenes among the volatile components of crab and shrimp meat.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150512
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Unified gas and supercritical fluid chromatography on 50 μm i.d. Columns (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 15 (1992), S. 505-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Unified chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Open tubular column ; Injection technique ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A unified approach to sequential gas and supercritical fluid Chromatography using 50 μm i.d. open tubular columns is described. Sample introduction is performed by means of a rotary injection valve. In order that linear velocities can be optimized independently, a second rotary valve in the chromatographic oven is used to direct the flow of column eluate to the flame ionization detector through either fused silica tubing in GC, or a frit restrictor in SFC.Applications of sequential GC-SFC on a 50 μm i.d. open tubular column are demonstrated, and comparisons made between sequential GC-SFC on 50 and 100 μm i.d. columns.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150804
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Coupled LC-GC-MS for on-line clean-up, separation, and identification of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at picogram levels in urban air (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 15 (1992), S. 745-750 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): On-line coupling ; LC-GC ; LC-GC-MS ; Liquid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Urban air ; Occupational exposure measurement ; Bus drivers ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Coupled liquid chromatography - gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-GC-MS) has been applied for on-line clean up, separation, and identification of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (CI-PAHs). A loop-type interface was used to couple the liquid chromatograph on-line with the GC-MS, and concurrent solvent evaporation was used for sample transfer.A back-flush technique was used in conjunction with a two-dimensional column system for isolation of CI-PAHs and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This fraction was transferred on-line to the GC and separated on a capillary column. Selective and sensitive detection of CI-PAHs in the GC eluate was obtained by negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring (SIM).The combined on-line system for isolation, separation, and identification showed high precision and accuracy, and demonstrated a linear response from 1 to 1000 pg for chlorinated PAHs. The estimated detection limit was 250 fg for 1-chloropyrene and 1,6-dichloropyrene.The technique was demonstrated by analysis of urban air samples. The low detection limit made it possible to use the technique for analysis of personally carried monitoring equipment for measurement of exposure to CI-PAHs in the work environment.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240151109
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A novel algorithm for chromatogram matching in qualitative analysis (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 15 (1992), S. 539-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Neural networks ; Pattern recognition ; Simulated data ; Simulated annealing ; Essential oils ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The matching of the pattern of peaks produced during gas chromatography is of importance to many applications. At present, this task is generally performed manually, but this generates the usual problems associated with human inspection, such as a lack of objectivity and reproducibility, proneness to errors, and practical restriction of the volume of data which can reasonably be processed.This paper explores the use of a novel algorithm for automation of this task. The performance of the method on well controlled simulated data sets and real chromatograms is used to show not only how problems of manual inspection can be circumvented, but also how the existence of such a powerful method should open up the possibility of many new analyses for quality control, discrimination of varieties of sample, and the identification of specific components within a sample.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150811
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Investigation into the GC separation of enantiomers on a trifluoroacetylated cyclodextrin. I. Effect of analyte structure on stereoselectivity for alcohols (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 15 (1992), S. 800-806 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Resolution of enantiomers ; Chiral stationary phase ; Derivatized cyclodextrin ; Trifluoroacetylated cyclodextrin ; Structural effects ; Thermodynamic properties ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: More than 30 enantiomeric alcohols have been analyzed, without prior derivatization, by gas chromatography using a fused silica capillary column coated with octakis(3-O-trifluoro-acetyl-2,6-di-O-n-pentyl)-γ-cyclodextrin. Most were analyzed over a range of isothermal temperatures from 35 to 70°C. Enantiomeric separations were observed for most of the analytes, even at temperatures as low as 35°C.The stereoselectivity of the stationary phase was found to depend on the length of the longest carbon chain attached to the stereogenic centre in 2- and 3-hydroxy alkanes, the relative positions of the methyl and hydroxyl substituents in methylsubstituted alcohols, and the effects of multiple bonds in the analyte molecule. Thermodynamic data calculated from the results suggest that the enantiomers of all the analytes are resolved by a similar process. Retention and thermodynamic data are presented and possible mechanisms discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240151206
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Time course effects of soman on acetylcholine and choline levels in six discrete areas of the rat brain (1982)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 78 (1982), S. 170-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylcholine ; Choline ; Soman ; Organophosphate ; Anticholinesterase ; Toxicity ; Lethality ; CNS ; Brain areas ; Rats ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Time course ; Cholinergic function
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The time course of changes in rat brain levels of acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) was investigated following a single SC injection of soman (0.9 LD50, 120 μg/kg) to understand the relationship between central neurotransmitter alteration and soman toxicity. Of the animals exposed to the dose of soman, 46% died within 24 h, with maximum mortality occurring during the first 40 min following soman administration. In a second group, surviving rats were killed at various times after treatment by a beam of focused microwave radiation to the head, and ACh and Ch levels were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Soman produced a maximal ACh elevation in the brain stem at 20 min (34.4%), in cerebellum at 40 min (51.9%), in cortex and striatum at 2 h (320.3% and 35.2%, respectively), and in hippocampus and midbrain at 3 h (94.5% and 56.8%, respectively). ACh levels remained above normal approximately 30 min in the brain stem; 2 h in the midbrain, cerebellum, and striatum; 8 h in the cortex; and 16 h in the hippocampus. Ch levels were elevated in all areas except the striatum. Ch maxima occurred at 10–40 min and returned to control levels approximately 3 h after injection. Results suggest that perturbation of ACh levels due to soman was not uniform throughout the brain and that soman toxicity may reflect ACh changes in multiple areas, rather than changes in any given area. These data further suggest a possible relationship between elevated Ch levels and soman toxicity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432257
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ein gaschromatographischer Nachweis von 6-Mercaptopurin im Serum von immunsupprimierten Transplantationspatienten (1982)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 181 (1982), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Serum level ; Azathioprine ; 6-Mercaptopurine ; Immunosuppression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The knowledge of serum levels of azathioprine or its metabolite 6-mercaptopurine is important for the monitoring of the immunosuppressive therapy after kidney transplantation, especially when kidney function is low. For this reason, the work of Bailey et al. was modified. 6-Mercaptopurine was extracted from the serum with a mixture of isopropanol-ethylacetate (1:1 v:v), derivatized with trimethylaniliniumhydroxyde and measured gaschromatographically. Sulfhydryl-protecting reagents were added to prevent loss of substance. Oxyethyltheophylline was used as the internal standard. The extraction and clean-up method recovered 80% of the 6-mercaptopurine present, the lower limit of sensitivity was 20 ng/ml, i.e., ten times lower than that of Bailey et al. The method could be realized on eight patients treated with azathioprine, the half life of the drug was about 20–40 min within the first hour after i.v. application.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01850986
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    5-Hydroxytryptophol in the cerebrospinal fluid and urine of alcoholics and healthy subjects (1982)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 321 (1982), S. 293-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Alcoholism ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Ethanol ingestion ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; 5-Hydroxytryptophol ; Urine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxytryptophol was determined in cerebrospinal fluid and urine of alcoholics and healthy subjects, by a glass capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method. The urinary excretion rate (14.6±2.9 pmoles/μmoles creatinine) and urine (109±20 pmoles/ml) and cerebrospinal fluid (4.12±0.21 pmoles/ml) concentrations in healthy subjects were established. Only 1% of the 5-hydroxytryptophol in urine occurred in free form. Ethanol ingestion (80, 120 g) by healthy subjects lead to a 20–100-fold increase in the urinary excretion rate of 5-hydroxytryptophol. In cerebrospinal fluid the increase was about 60%. Alcoholics had increased urinary excretion rates and cerebrospinal fluid levels during intoxication, which were in the same range as in intoxicated healthy subjects. During recovery from intoxication, the 5-hydroxytryptophol level in alcoholics decreased, but the CSF levels were still higher than in healthy subjects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498516
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemically modified teflon capillary columns for gas chromatography II. Solid surface effects in direct coated columns (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 641-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Teflon capillary columns ; Chemically modified teflon ; Gas chromatography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The preparation of teflon capillary columns employing direct coating of the stationary phase to the chemically modified teflon surface and the role of the chemically modified teflon in the separation mechanism are described. Two types of contributions from the modified teflon have been observed: nonspecific adsorption of the carbon surface and specific interactions of polar groups in the carbon skeleton. The use of polar liquid phases can eliminate adsorption due to the presence of polar groups in the modified teflon.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279491
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Derivatization of amines with chloroformate esters for gas chromatographic analysis (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 60-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Amines ; Derivatization ; Chloroformate esters
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The gas chromatographic analysis of amines after conversion to electron capture sensitive carbamates in two-phase systems has been studied. Hydrophilic compounds, for instance methylamine, are reacted with 2,2,2-trichloro-tert. butyl chloroformate. Quantitation below 10−7 M can be made by thermionic or electron capture detection. A hydrophobic amine, namely N,N-dimethyl-n-octylamine, was derivatized with 2,4,6-tribromophenyl chloroformate with addition of iodide ion to the aqueous phase. The favorable effect of iodide ion as well as the choice of pH and chloroformate ester is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258870
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gas chromatography in open rectangular channels with large aspect ratios (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 98-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Rectangular channel ; Efficiency ; Capacity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Gas chromatographic experiments have been performed in a truly rectangular channel with a 60∶1 cross-sectional aspect ratio, constructed according to the field-flow fractionation technology. It is shown that the peak broadening is controlled by the thickness of the channel while the maximum load is determined by the largest cross-sectional dimension. However, even with its elongated configuration, the side walls contribute significantly to the band broadening of solutes with a high diffusivity. Good agreement is found between the experimental plate height data and the recent theoretical calculations of Golay [13] taking into account the side-wall effect.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258877
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of trimethylsilyl-isopropylidene derivatives of sorbose by combined gas chromatography- and mass-spectrometry (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 704-706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Isopropyliden-sorboses ; TMS-derivatives ; GC-MS combined technique ; Mass spectra
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A method has been developed using gas chromatography — electron impact mass spectrometry for the determination of the di-0-isopropylidene-sorbofuranose and mono-0-isopropylidene-sorbofuranose. The compounds are separated as their trimethylsilyl derivatives on a capillary column coated with the stationary phase SE-52. The mass spectra show that the silylation reaction is quantitiative and that the isopropylidene groups does not change.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261889
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gas chromatographic analysis of ethylbenzene hydroperoxide (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 183-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Analysis of ethylbenzene hydroperoxide ; Time normalization method
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A gas chromatographic method, based on the time normalization technique, is described for the analysis of ethylbenzene hydroperoxide in mixtures containing ethylbenzene, acetophenone, 1-phenylethanol, benzaldehyde and phenol. Different liquid phases were tested and the best results were obtained with tricresyl phosphate and neopentyl glycol sebacate. The influence of the support, the liquid loading and the gas velocity are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261537
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Retention index values of hydrocarbons on open-tubular columns coated with methylsilicone liquid phases (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 625-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Open-tubular (capillary) columns ; Comparison of liquid phases ; Influence of temperature ; Retention index data
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The influence of temperature and liquid phase film thickness of open-tubular (capillary) columns on the retention index values of hydrocarbons on methylsilicone liquid phases is discussed. Data obtained on methylsilicones and squalane are compared. Retention index values of 43 hydrocarbons between 40 and 70 °C on OV-101 liquid phase are listed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279488
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetic study of the drying step of supported catalysts by reversed-flow gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 351-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Supported catalysts ; Reserved-flow GC ; Drying step ; Gas chromatography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Application of reversed-flow gas chromatography to study the drying step in the preparation of supported catalysts is proposed. It is demonstrated that this technique can be applied to investigate the kinetic law followed, as well as to obtain kinetic parameters of drying (rate constants, activation energies and frequency factors). Amaterial illustrating this application is γ-Al2O3 impregnated with usual organic solvents (n-C5H12,n-C6H14,n-C7H16, CH3COCH3 and CH3CH2OH). It was found that in all cases above a simple first-order law based onone kind of active site is followed. Moreover, it was observed that the activation energyE a of the drying process increases almost linearly with the relative molecular mass of the solvent, whereas for the same solventE a increases with the amount used. The operation of a kinetic compensation effect suggests “similar” activated complexes of the various solvents used.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259216
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization, evaluation and in-situ cross-linking of new polar phases in capillary gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillaries ; New polar phases: OV-1701 and RSL-310 ; Immobilization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The possibilities of OV-1701 and RSL-310, two new stationary phases, have been evaluated for capillary gas chromatography in fused silica columns. OV-1701 is a cyanopropylphenyldimethyl polysiloxane of moderate polarity possessing excellent chromatographic characteristics. The phase exhibits high coating and chromatographic efficiencies, high temperature stability and is suitable for cross-linking. RSL-310 is a polar liquid stationary phase yet to be permanently bonded in a capillary column. The selectivity of both phases extends the applicability of fused silica columns.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258871
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gas-liquid chromatography of isopropylidene monosaccharides and their trimethylsilyl derivatives (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 241-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Monosaccharides ; Polyols ; GC of TMS derivatives
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary This paper describes the gas chromatographic separation of the mixture of isopropylidene monosaccharides, and their trimethylsilyl derivatives. Based on the total analysis time and resolution the best stationary phase was SF-96 using Chromosorb G as the solid support and temperature programming.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265655
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new device for contamination-free injection for gas chromatographic trace estimation of oxygen and nitrogen (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 312-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Injection-port modification ; Oxygen and nitrogen traces
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The paper presents a new device modifying normal injection port of a gas chromatograph for eliminating air contamination thus enabling determination of traces of oxygen or nitrogen. Further modification is also proposed which enables the analysis to be carried out with a limited quantity of sample gas. Potential application of this device in the analysis of reactive gases like florine has been indicated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265684
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Occurrence and prevention of isomerization of ligustilide during gas-liquid chromatography on packed columns (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 358-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Phthalides ; Gas chromatography ; Chromosorb W ; Isomerization ; Ligustilide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary During GLC of naturally occurring mixtures of phthalides on packed columns an artefact was sometimes detected that originated from Z-ligustilide. Active sites of Chromosorb W were responsible for the formation of the artefact, that was assumed to be E-ligustilide as GC-MS revealed that its mass spectrum was identical with that of Z-ligustilide. No isomerization was observed when freshly coated Chromosorb W was used or the support was deactivated by benzoyl chloride or melamine. The identity of the artefact was confirmed by UV irradiation experiments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259218
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gas chromatographic determination of arsenic in low concentrations in inorganic materials (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 30-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Arsenic ; Inorganic materials
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A method is described for the quantitative chlorination and extraction of arsenic as arsenic trichloride from a number of alloys. The conditions for the quantitative gas chromatographic measurement of the volatile chloride have been studied. The proposed method for inorganic materials is very fast giving results within 10 min; sensitive, 1.5·10−13 g As can be detected, simple and accurate. At the ng level of As the error is about 20% with a standard deviation less than 20%, and at the 10pg level the error is about 36% with a standard deviation of 44%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02269036
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Multiple preparative chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 765-768 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Preparative scale chromatography ; Capacity ; Dual-stage separation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The capacity of different versions of single- and dual-stage separation of mixtures on a preparative scale is considered. It has been shown that dual-stage separation with intermediate condensation considerably enhances the capacity of the installation as compared with a single-stage process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261373
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High efficiency microbore GC columns using porous bead supports (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Various packed GC column ; Gas chromatography ; Porous layer beads ; GC/MS analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Theoretical comparisons of various packed GC column types are presented with respect to analysis time, efficiency, sample dilution, and sample capacity for a given maximum inlet pressure. In particular, totally porous particles, porous layer beads, and glass beads are compared with one another. It is shown that 30 μm porous layer beads offer a useful compromise between analysis time and plate count with relatively good sample capacity. Moreover, when using 1 mm i.d. columns (microbore), outlet flow rates that are reasonable for direct coupling to magnetic sector mass spectrometers are achieved making these columns suitable for GC/MS. Using 30 μm Zipax porous layer beads, columns yielding 8,000 to 10,000 plates/meter have been produced with inlet pressures of 13 to 26 atm. A simple modification of the injection port converts the maximum inlet pressure of a commercial gas chromatograph to 26 atm. With such pressures, columns in excess of 20,000 plates can be achieved. Chromatograms are presented illustrating the promise of these microbore columns for GC and GC/MS analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290444
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A chromatoscopic study of fluorene, indenes and styrene (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 245-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Chromatoscopy ; Gas chromatography ; Graphitized carbon black ; Molecular structure and retention ; Aromatic hydrocarbons
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A molecular-statistical calculation of the retention volumes at zero sample size on graphitized thermal carbon black is carried out for quasi-rigid molecules of fluorene, indene, 1-methylindene, 2-methylindene and three dimethylindenes. A reasonable agreement is observed between the calculated and the available experimental gas chromatographic data. The potential barrier to internal rotation and the torsional angle in styrene molecules are estimated by comparing theoretically calculated and measured retention volumes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265656
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gas chromatography in qualitative analyses. An investigation of the oxidation of some silicones used as gas chromatographic stationary phases (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 355-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Silicone liquid phases ; Oxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The on-column oxidation of apolar and polar silicones used as gas chromatographic stationary phases is investigated. Even at 225° the effects of oxidation are found to be slight. Of the materials investigated the methylphenylsilicones are the most stable.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259217
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glass capillary gas chromatography of chlorinated methyl acetates, propanoates and butanoates on Carbowax 20M and SE-30 columns (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 505-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Glass capillary ; Gas chromatography ; Methyl chloroacetates ; Methyl chloropropanoates ; Methyl chlorobutanoates
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The gas chromatography of all chlorinated methyl acetates, methyl propanoates and methyl mono- and dichlorobutanoates has been studied on Carbowax 20M and SE-30 glass capillary columns under various running conditions. The order of elution on a non-polar column was largely determined by the boiling point of esters, whereas on a polar column it was much influenced by the structure of compounds. Complete separation of the combined mixture of all 27 compounds could not be achieved, however, methyl 3,3-dichlorobutanoate was the only ester overlapped on both columns in spite of the various column temperatures used. The best separation of the mixture was on Carbowax 20M with a temperature program from 50°C at 8°C/min, isothermal running conditions leading either to poor separation of volatile components or long analysis time and broad peaks of higher chlorinated esters. The relative retention times for compounds at the various column temperatures are given and the retention order on a polar and on a non-polar column discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260284
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The structure and properties of n-octadecanol film present on the surface of a carbon-silica adsorbent (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 517-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Carbon-silica adsorbents ; n-Octadecanol film ; Phase transitions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The properties of the n-octadecanol film on carbon-silica adsorbent (Carbosil) were investigated. It was found that n-octadecanol forms an oriented film on the Carbosil's surface. If the surface of the basic silica gel is not completely covered with carbon, then the phase transition takes place in this film at a temperature higher than the melting temperature of n-octadecanol. One may distinguish two forms of this film, characterised by the different structures and the temperatures of the phase transitions. The first exists on the surface of silica gel unblocked by carbon. This part of the film is a monolayer, in which the alcohol molecules are vertically oriented. The solid compact-liquid expanded type phase transition at the well-defined temperature occurs in this film. In the second part of the film formed on the carbon surface, there is a multilayer of n-octadecanol. Its molecules are probably parallely oriented in relationship to the adsorbent surface. This film desintegrates progressively when the temperature increase. Maximum temperature of this phase transition is lower than the temperature of its analogue on pure silica gel surface.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260287
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quantitative capillary gas chromatographic analysis (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 546-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Quantitative analysis ; Sample inlet systems ; High-speed analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The attainment of precise quatitative analytical data using open-tubular (capillary) columns in standard, commercially available gas chromatographic instrumentation is demonstrated. Key elements in the design and proper utilization of the instrumentation are discussed. The function of the various sample introduction systems is elaborated and their quantitative performance demonstrated. The extra-column contribution to band-spreading is determined and the resultant data is used assessing the suitability of commercial instrumentation for highspeed capillary gas chromatography. The quantitative analysis of a sample containing some eleven components in less than thirty seconds is shown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280373
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal hydrates: an investigation of the use of crystal hydrates as stationary phases in gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 126-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Crystal hydrates as stationary phases ; Mobile Phases containing water ; Selective retentions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The use of crystallohydrates, crystallohydrate solutions and melts as stationary phases in gas chromatography has been proposed. Crystallohydrates have been shown to display high selectivity in the separation of polar organic compounds when use is made of water vapours as the mobile phase. Some aspects of gas-liquid chromatography in water vapours and with the stationary phase comprising crystallohydrates have been studied, and the preliminary results obtained point to the desirability of further progress in this field.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258882
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phenols in whisky (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 201-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Phenols ; Whisky ; Gas chromatography ; Aroma compounds
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Twelve volatile phenols were identified in whisky by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Of these phenols 2,4-dimethylphenol was found for the first time in the aroma of whisky. The content of phenol, o-, m-, and p-cresol, guaiacol, p-ethylphenol, p-ethylguaiacol and eugenol in whiskies originating from different countries was determined by gas chromatography as their 2,4-dinitrophenyl ethers using electron capture detection. The results show that Scotch whiskies differ from others in the content of o-, m-, and p-cresol. The odour threshold values of phenols studied were determined in a 10% (v/v) ethanol-water mixture and in some cases also in the whiskies. Cresols have been found to make contribution to the aroma of Scotch whisky.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258900
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    From gas chromatography to gaia (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 26-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Ionization detectors ; Gaia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary This paper is an account of the development of the gaia hypothesis as seen through the eyes of a gas chromatographer. Gaia is a radical notion about the Earth which postulates the climate and chemical composition to be regulated at an optimum by and for life. Gas chromatography played an important role in the gathering of evidence for the hypothesis but most significantly the art of inventing detectors lead to the developement of a planetary life detector through which gaia was revealed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258864
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hydrocarbon type analysis by gas chromatograph using a single capillary column and a multi-column valve system (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 282-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Naphtha analysis ; Gasoline analysis ; Hydrocarbon type analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Two different gas chromatographic methods are used for the determination of hydrocarbon type distribution in naphtha and gasoline samples with final boiling points up to 275 °C. The methods are based either on a single capillary column or on a valve-switched packed column system. Both methods give extensive information on paraffins, olefins, naphthenes and aromatics in total as well as by carbon-number. In each case the analysis is fully automated with a computer controlling the entire analysis from injection to results presentation. The advantages and limitations of both methods are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258920
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Trace analysis of free hydroxyacids by gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 322-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Graphitized carbon black supports ; Determination of hydroxyacids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Acid-washed graphitized carbon black (Carbopakc B) modified with trimesic adic and PEG 20M has proved to be effective for quantitative analysis of underivatized low molecular weight hydroxyacids. Calibration data revealed good linear relationships between relative peak area and concentration for lactic and 3-hydroxybutyric acids down to 0.05 mmol/l. The packing material was suitable for the analysis of aqueous solutions of hydroxyacids as it is tolerant to injections of water over a prolonged period of use. The GC system developed has been applied to the analysis of some hydroxyacids of biomedical interest in blood plasma and lactic acid contained in wine and beer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258930
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Trace determination of amines and other nitrogen containing compounds with a modiefied thermal energy analyzer (TEATM) (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 354-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Modified thermal energy analyzer ; Selective detection of nitrogen compounds
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A modification to the TEATM Analyzer is described, which allows it to be used as a highly selective GC detector for nitrogen compounds as well as for N-nitrosamines and nitro compounds. The modified Analyzer is as sensitive as the AFID, but has a much higher selectivity towards nitrogen compounds than the AFID. Its response appears to be molar, with an output that is dependent only on the number of nitrogen atoms present. The performance of the modified Analyzer for the analysis of ammonia, amines,N-nitrosamines, nitriles and organonitro compounds is reported and discussed, as is its application to the detection of these compounds in bacon and beer samples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258937
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of the working conditions of light adsorbents and their use as sampling material for the GC analysis of organic air pollutants in work areas (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 712-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Graphizized carbon black traps ; Organic air pollutants ; Work areas ; Gas chromatography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The use of traps containing graphitized carbon black for the collection and pre-analysis of atmospheric pollutants in industrial areas is presented. The working conditions, in terms of trapping capability and effectiveness of release by thermal desorption are discussed. Some practical applications are also given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261891
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of Van der Waals' volume of ethers, esters, carbonyls and alcohols on retention in gas chromatography stationary phases of different polyrity (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 771-775 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Van der Waals' volume ; Polarity of stationary phase ; Retention index
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Equations for Retention Index (I) versus Van der Waals, volume (Vw) on squalane are studied for alcohols, carbonyls, esters and ethers. Each equation includes linear and branching substances with different positions of the functional group in the carbon chain. The study is extended to stationary phases with polarities from 4.29 to 91.54 on the Tarjan et al. scale. Variations of the slope and origin ordinate values with the polarity of the stationary phase are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261375
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fast analysis by gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Capillary columns ; Fast analysis ; Gas chromatography ; Instrumental effects ; Optimization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The efficiency of fast GC columns depends largely on the quality of the chromatograph. A theoretical and experimental study shows the relative importance of the various phenomena involved and permits the optimization of a GC System. Extremely good performances, exceeding 2,500 plates per second have been routinely obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290445
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A rapid gas chromatographic method for the analysis of acidic fermentation products (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 180-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Acidic fermentation products ; Characterisation ; Gas chromatography ; Methyl esters
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A rapid and simple method for the identification of acidic fermentation products is described. Methyl esters of volatile and non-volatile acids are separated on a single chromatographic column. Retention time data for a number of acids are tabulated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261536
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Retention index, connectivity index and Van der Waals' volume of alkanes (GLC) (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 521-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Retention index ; Connectivity index ; Van der Waals' volume ; Alkanes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The relationships between retention index and Van der Waals' volume and between retention index and connectivity index have been studied for 58 different alkanes (C1−C9) on squalane. The correlation coefficient for the former is higher than for the latter. From these equations a linear relationship between Van der Waals' volume and connectivity index is obtained which indicates that the two parameters are equivalent. A simple method for calculating the Van der Waals' volume of alkanes is proposed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260288
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An apparatus for manufacturing flexible fused silica columns for gas liquid chromatography. Part I. The drawing process (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 569-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Fused silica capillaries ; Capillary drawing ; Glass capillaries
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A compact description is given of a simple and reliable method of drawing flexible fused silica capillary for gas chromatography. Some emphasis is given to the fact that the practices of drawing optical fibres should not be followed too slavishly so this leads to unnecessarily complicated and expensive equipment. Satisfactory capillary column silica tubing can be made with straightfoward extension of the method developed earlier for drawing thick walled capillary. A simple glass/silica hydrogen oxygen diffusion flame bumer is described for fusing the preform tubing at the draw point which is enclosed by a water cooled glass enclosure to trap evaporated silica and maintain the operation under dust free conditions. The uniformity of the capillary diameter is better than 5% which is adequate for most gas chromatographic purposes. The second part of the paper yet to be published will cover the methods developed for coating the capillary both internally and externally.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280376
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New uses of thermionic ionization detectors in gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 107-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Thermionic ionization ; Catalytic flame ionization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A newly designed thermionic detector was operated in two modes of thermionic ionization detection (TID), and a third mode of catalytic flame ionization detection (CFID). Operating modes were varied by changing the composition of the electrically-heated thermionic/catalytic source, and the composition of gases supplied to the detector. A TID-2 source activated by a low concentration of Cs/ceramic was operated in a dilute H2/air environment and provided specific responses to nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. A TID-1 source activated by a high concentration of Cs/ceramic was operated in a N2 environment and provided very high specificities and picogram detectivities to compounds containing electronegative functional groups such as the NO2 group. A CFID source formed from Ni/ceramic was operated in a H2/air flame environment and provided universal responses to all organics with enhanced responses to some heteroatom compounds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258879
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A novel technique for thermal desorption from active charcoal (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 382-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Trapping by active charcoal ; Thermal desorption system ; Microwave oven ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050713
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A simple method for connecting fused silica and glass capillaries (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 50-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass, fused silica ; Connection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050110
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Application of the Hall™ electrolytic conductivity detector for the analysis of chloroanilines and chloronitroanilines in POTW sludgesThis paper was presented at the Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Atlantic City, New Jersey, March 1981 (Paper No. 224). (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 67-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Effluent splitter ; Selective detectors: NPD, Hall™ electrolytic conductivity detector ; Chloro- and chloronitroanilines ; POTW sludge extracts ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Simultaneous detection with a 700-A Hall™ and an NPD detector is an effective technique for characterizing chloro-and chloronitroanilines in highly complex Publicly Owned Water Treatment Works (POTW) sludges. The utilization of a modified Varian effluent splitter and a SE-54 fused silica capillary column permitted the detection of mid-picogram quantities of the polar chloroanilines without sacrificing peak shape. The response of the Hall™ detector in the halogen mode was roughly proportional to the number of chlorine atoms present, while the response of the Hall™ in the nitrogen mode and the NPD was less predictably influenced by the presence of one or more nitro groups. When combined with retention time data, the ratio of the NPD response to the Hall™ response has been found to substantiate the presence of chloro- and chloronitroanilines in sludge extracts.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050202
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Profile and of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in aircraft turbine particulate emissions (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 98-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Polyaromatic hydrocarbons ; Airborn Particulates ; Aircraft turbines ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050208
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preparation and use of high temperature silylated capillary columns coated with a mixture of OV-1 and FFAP for the analysis of volatile carboxylic acidsPresented at the 4th EUROANALYSIS Conference at Helsinki, Finland, August 23-28, 1981 (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 124-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; High temperature silylation ; C2-C6 fatty acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050303
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fatty acid methyl esters - why polar open-tubular columns? (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 206-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; cis, trans, positional isomers of C22 esters separated on OV-73 ; Numerous arguments favor nonpolar columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050407
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of a rotary valve/cold trap/reinjection system for capillary columns (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 236-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Rotary valve ; Cold trap ; Reinjection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: This paper describes a cold trap/reinjection system for capillary columns which utilizes a flow switching rotary valve. Sample enrichment is performed in a liquid nitrogen-cooled glass trap attached to the valve. Evaporation of enriched compounds is carried out with the aid of an electric heating coil. Parameters such as cryogenic trapping efficiency, reinjection rates, transference of sample, and adsorption, as well as overall performance, are examined. In addition, a comparison is made between the cold trap/reinjection technique and injection with a gas-tight syringe.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050503
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Direct analysis of some aroma compounds by gas chromatography with helium ionization detection (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 265-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Helium ionization detector ; Aroma ; Coffee ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050508
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rapid screening for drugs of abuse with short glass capillaries and a nitrogen selective detector (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 45-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Fast screening of drugs and adulterants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050108
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of the stationary phase in the GLC column (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 55-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Non-uniformity of distribution of stationary phase confirmed ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050113
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inertness of fused silica capillary columns - activity towards aliphatic alcohols and deactivation (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 53-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Thermal aging regeneration of fused silica capillaries ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050112
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new method for the quantitative analysis of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenylsPaper presented at the Second European Symposium on Analysis of Organic Micropollutants in Water Killarney (Ireland), November 1981. (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 75-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary ; SD-E enrichment ; Pesticide residues ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A simple method is described for the quantitative determination of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) in water at the sub-ppb level. A micro gas-phase extractor advantageously replaces other preconcentration and purification techniques. The extract is analyzed by capillary gas chromatography without further enrichment. The recovery at the ppb level was nearly 100% for organochlorine pesticides and more than 80% for PCB's. The complete procedure including sample preparation, steam distillation-extraction, and capillary gas chromatographic analysis is carried out in less than four hours.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050203
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of C1-C3 alcohols in blood by high resolution headspace gas chromatography (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 377-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary columns ; Headspace analysis ; Alcohols in blood ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050709
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A two-detector pulse flow system for reaction studies by gas chromatography (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 165-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Pulse flow reaction chromatography ; Two-detector system ; Reactions in a two-detector system ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050315
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simple device for on-column cryofocusing in capillary column gas chromatography (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 321-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Pyrolysis studies ; Cryofocusing device ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050607
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure elucidation of triglycerides by chromatographic techniques. Part 1: Capillary GC of ozonized triglycerides (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 80-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Triglycerides in cocoa butter, hazelnut oil ; Separation according to the number of unsaturated fatty acids (N.U.F.A.) ; Ozonolysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Structure determination of triglycerides according to their number of unsaturated fatty acids (N.U.F.A.) is more easily achieved after ozonolysis of their mixtures (fats and oils) than by capillary gas chromatographic analysis of the mixture as such. Analyses performed before and after ozonolysis of cocoa buttel, hazelnut oil, and a mixture of both fats illustrate the potential of this approach to the structure elucidation of triglycerides by chromatographic techniques.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050204
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of a sophisticated cold trap on the shape of capillary chromatography peaks (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 156-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Cold trapping ; Use of ABT concept in evaluating effect of trapping on peak ; shape ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050311
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Underivatized steroids on persilanized capillary columns with non-vaporizing on-column injection (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 175-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Discrimination factor non-vaporizing on-column/vaporizing splitless injection for underivatized steroids ; Quantitation feasible for most underivatized steroid hormones except corticosteroids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Recent developments in the preparation of capillary columns by persilanization of the glass surfaces have resulted in highly inactive, heat-stable columns. With this type of column certain steroid hormone classes can be analyzed without derivatization; these include the 17-keto steroids, 11-oxo compounds, estrogens, and progesterone metabolites. It has been found that good quantitative analysis calls for non-vaporizing, on-column injection, as normal vaporizing injection results in breakdown of thermolabile compounds such as estriol and 17-OH progesterone metabolites. The gas chromatographic method described was used to obtain urinary steroid profiles.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050402
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromatographic capillary columns with inside splitting (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 208-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Liquid chromatography ; Capillary glass ; Capillary columns with inside splitting of eluent ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050408
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Natural cooling column system for elimination of discrimination of sample compounds in on-column injection (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 211-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; On-column injection ; Elimination of discrimination ; Sliding sample inlet ; Cooling column system ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050410
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Closing of a glass capillary column with paraffin (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 107-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Static coating ; Closing glass capillaries ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050213
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Static coating: An attempt to optimize a straightforward technique involving mechanical closure of the column (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Static coating ; Filling with mechanical closure ; Description of an easy and safe technique ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The static technique is commonly accepted as the most universal and scientific method of coating. At the same time, however, it is said to be experimentally demanding. Great efforts have therefore been made to render the method easier and safer, resulting in a wealth of recommendations confusing non-experts. Over a period of two years we have practically applied most of the reported procedures with the aim of studying their practical convenience. We do not doubt that most procedures are comparably suitable in the hands of expert users, i. e. once the initiation efforts have been forgotten, or are otherwise of little interest. We have attempted to describe a method which is specifically suited for easy and quick introduction to beginners. The method is based on mechanical column closure. The principles of the method are discussed, and a comprehensive description of its practical application is given.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050302
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