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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (3,144)
  • 1985-1989  (3,144)
  • 1880-1889
  • 1987  (3,144)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3,144)
Source
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (3,144)
Material
Years
  • 1985-1989  (3,144)
  • 1880-1889
Year
Keywords
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary liquid chromatography, by B. G. Belen'kii, E. S. Gankina, and V. G. Mal'tsev, Plenum Consultants Bureau, New York and London, 1987, price: $65.00 (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 463-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140251111
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Additive selection criteria for metal-doped polyimides (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 471-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140251201
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermocontrol of electron transport through ternary composite membranes composed of polymer/liquid crystal/electron carriers (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 495-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140251205
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilized polyethylenetherephthalate strength (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 503-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140251206
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crosslinking of polyaromatic ether-ketones with biphenylene derivatives (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 251-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyaromatic ether-ketones prepared from isophthaloyl dichloride, diphenyl ether, and various amounts of biphenylene and its derivative, were compressed to films under various conditions, and their crosslinking behaviors were studied. Although strong and flexible films could be obtained from low melting crosslinkable polymers, the low molecular weight polymers, which melt below 300°C, decompose at the biphenylene ring opening temperature of over 290°C, giving films full of gas bubbles. The addition of metal complexes to decrease the biphenylene ring opening temperature did not improve the film quality, although gas bubbles could be avoided. The strong and flexible films were amorphous, and the brittle films were mixtures of crystalline and amorphous polymers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250122
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(α-methylstyrene-b-styrene) by a cationic mechanism (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 353-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Block copolymers of styrene and α-methylstyrene were obtained by a cationic mechanism involving a single-step addition in the m-chloroperbenzoic acid/liquid sulfur dioxide system. This result was possible because of the difference in the reactivity of these monomers in the temperatures of -40°C, -60°C, and -78°C. Under these temperature conditions α-methylstyrene is more reactive than styrene. The composition of the block copolymers was determined by NMR and TGA analysis in fractionated samples.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250131
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting of optically active nucleic acid base derivatives onto poly(vinylamine) as polynucleotide analogsPreliminary results are reported in J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Lett. Ed., 23, 345 (1985). (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 389-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polynucleotide analogs consisting of poly(vinylamine) as the backbone and optically active thymine and adenine derivatives as the pendants were synthesized. The pendants were prepared by the addition reaction of the nucleic acid base to ethyl crotonate followed by hydrolysis. The pendants were resolved using brucine as the resolving agent and an acetone-water mixture as the fractional crystallization solvent. The active esters of the pendants also were prepared. Poly(vinylamine) was isolated from water employing a weak acid, N-hydroxysuccinimide (HOSu), to protect the amino group of the poly(vinylamine). Model reactions for grafting were examined. Grafting reactions were carried out by reacting the active esters with the PVAm.6HOSu complex at room temperature.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250134
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic semiconductors - metal phthalocyanine sheet polymers (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 443-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This publication discusses the electronic, magnetic susceptibility, MS and GC-MS pyrolysis, X-ray powder diffraction, and electrical conductivity studies on metal phthalocyanine sheet polymers. The magnetic measurements over the range of magnetic field strengths 1025-6144 gauss indicated the absence of the intermolecular cooperative effect. MS and GC-MS studies indicate that all these metal phthalocyanine sheet polymers give benzene, cyanobenzene, and dicyanobenzene on thermal degradation. The electrical conductivity measurements showed that these polymers are semiconductor in nature.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250201
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elementary reactions of the emulsions polymerization of styrene with the localization of radical formation acts at the interface (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 47-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The localization of radical formation acts at the interface achieved by the application of specially prepared surfactant initiators, fixation of initiating sites on the surface of seed latex particles by covalent bonds, or by redox initiating systems were experimentally studies. It is ascertained that the fixation of the initiator of polymerization at the interface of the emulsion system brings about a change of the kinetic parameters of its decomposition - an increase in the decomposition rate and decrease in the initiation efficiency. The experiments (measurements of chain propagation rate) demonstrated that the nature of emulsifying agent and initiator has no effect on the chain propagation acts. The kinetics of the chain termination depends on the properties of the emulsion system that is revealed in the dependence of chain termination constants on the type of initiator and the diameter of latex particles. These effects are supposed to be explained by influence of the colloid and chemical parameters of the reaction system on the conformation entropy of the growing macroradicals; and the low values of the chain termination constants (102-104 L mol-1 s-1) are due to the higher activation energy of chain termination for the emulsion polymerization.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250106
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of poly(fumaric acid) from poly(di-t-butyl fumarate) and poly(di-trimethylsilyl fumarate) (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 979-986 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymerization conditions of di-t-butyl fumarate and di-trimethylsilyl fumarate were studied in detail. They cannot be polymerized by either anionic or coordination initiators, but radical and radiation polymerizations are successful. Characterization of poly(di-t-butyl fumarate), obtained thereby, with 1H-NMR spectrum suggests that the backbone of the chain is stiff. From analysis of thermal properties of poly(di-t-butyl fumarate), it is found to be completely converted to poly(fumaric acid) by pyrolysis around 200°C. Poly(di-trimethylsilyl fumarate), on the other hand, can be quantitatively hydrolyzed with acid to the same polyacid, too. The preliminary measurement of the dissociation behaviors of poly(fumaric acid) was done by potentiometric titration, which shows that the titration curves of poly(fumaric acid) are different from those of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(maleic acid).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250404
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnesium chloride supported high mileage catalysts for olefin (decene-1) polymerization XV. Termination and energetics (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1011-1026 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymerizations of decene-1 were carried out from 0° to 70° at A/T = 167 and [M] = 0.75 M initiated by 0.17, 0.34, and 0.69 mM of Ti contained in the MgCl2/ethylbenzoate/p-cresol/AlEt3/TiCl4-AlEt3/methyl-p-toluate catalyst. The rate of polymerization is directly proportional to the catalyst concentration. About 12% of the Ti in the catalyst is initially active at 50°; they are 1.4%, 8.8%, and 9.4% at 0°, 25°, and 70°, respectively. The changes of Rp with temperature parallels the variations in the active site concentration. The decline of Rp with time has second-order plots with slopes which are inversely proportional to the catalyst concentration, but the rate constants for these deactivations are nearly the same for decene and propylene polymerizations. These results strongly support a mechanism of deactivation involving two adjacent sites in the catalyst particle surfaces. The rate constants of propagation and of chain transfer to AlEt3, the energetics for these processes, and MW and MW distribution data have been obtained.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250407
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of styrene in the liquid sulfur dioxide-m-chloroperbenzoic acid system: The effect of the formation of the mixed anhydride (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1105-1108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250416
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal decomposition processes in aliphatic polysulfides investigated by mass spectrometry (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 475-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal degradation of four aliphatic polysulfides (polythiomethylene, polythiotrimethylene, polythioethylene, and polythiohexamethylene) was investigated by direct pyrolysis in the ion soruce of a mass spectrometer (DPMS) operating both in electron impact (E.I.) and chemical ionization (C. I.) modes. Flash-pyrolysis GCMS was also used in the case of polythiomethylene(polysulfide I) to confirm the DPMS results. The overall evidence indicates that the primary thermal decomposition of these polymers yields cyclic sulfides by an intramolecular exchange process. A β-CH hydrogen transfer reaction, occurring in parallel with the former process, produces primary pyrolysis compounds with SH end-groups.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250204
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESCA and optical emission study of the inductively coupled RF plasma copolymerization of naphthalene and octafluoronaphthalene mixtures (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1065-1071 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Plasma polymerization of octafluoronaphthalene, naphthalene, and 1 : 1 mixtures of the two yielded thin films which were then analyzed by ESCA. Optical emission was recorded during deposition and the resultant spectra are shown. Deposition of the copolymer at 150°C resulted in a film whose composition was different from that deposited at room temperature and from the single plasma polymers. Copolymerization resulted in a lowering of CF2 functionalities and an increased retention of the aromatic nature of the monomers. Optical emission of CF2 during copolymerization was greatly reduced as was a peak at about 510 nm.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250412
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyimides containing carbonyl and ether connecting groups (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1093-1103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Geveral new polyimides were prepared from the reaction of four aromatic dianhydrides with four new diamines containing carbonyl and ether connecting groups between the aromatic rings. The diamines were prepared from the reaction of 4-aminophenol with activated aromatic difluoro compounds in the presence of potassium carbonate. Several of these polyimides were shown to be semicrystalline as evidenced by wide angle x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Glass transition temperatures ranged between 192 and 247°C and crystalline melt temperatures were observed between 350 and 442°C. The polyimide from the reaction of 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy-4′-benzoyl)benzene provided a semicrystalline solvent resistant transparent film with high tensile properties and compression molded compact tension specimens with high fracture toughness.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250415
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inverse emulsion polymerization of acrylamide. II. Synthesis and characterization of copolymers with methacrylic acid (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1127-1161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Inverse emulsion copolymerization studies of acrylamide (Am) with methacrylic acid (MAA) are reported. Aqueous monomer solutions were emulsified in toluene with a blend of two surfactants (sorbitan sesquioleate and C18-terminated acrylamide oligomers). Polymerization kinetics in presence of an oil-soluble initiator (AIBN) were determined at 40°C as a function of methacrylic acid content and aqueous-phase pH. Polymerization rates were found to be faster at basic pH than at acidic pH, which appeared to be related to the actual concentration of methacrylic acid in the aqueous phase. Monomer reactivity ratios have been derived as rA-M = 0.58 ± 0.02 and rM-A = 4.0 ± 0.10 at pH 4, rA-M = 0.56 ± 0.005 and rM-A = 0.15 ± 0.03 at pH 10. These differences were found to have an effect on the molecular characteristics of the copolymers. Initial emulsions and final inverse latexes displayed the same broad size distribution; under basic pH the particle size is relatively insensitive to the ionic comonomer concentration. Poor latex stability is characteristic of copolymer latexes prepared under acidic conditions. Based on these experimental results, some aspects of the polymerization mechanism are discussed.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250418
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma polymers from chloromethyltrimethylsilane and their modification with sodium azide (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1197-1203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Plasma polymerization of chloromethyltrimethylsilane (CMTMS) was investigated by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and ESCA, and the modification of Cl substituents in the plasma polymers from CMTMS with sodium azide was discussed. CMTMS was plasma polymerized to yield filmy polymers. The polymer deposition rate was faster than that from tetramethylsilane containing no Cl atom. The plasma polymers from CMTMS were mainly composed of CH3, CH2, Si—CH3, Si—O—Si, and Si—O—C groups with a small amount of C—Cl groups. The Cl substituents incorporated into the plasma polymers were capable of substitution reactions with azide groups to form azide polymers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250501
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical modification of cured MY720/DDS epoxy resins using fluorinated aromatic compounds to reduce moisture sensitivity (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1235-1248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Blocking the hydroxyl, amine, and epoxide functional groups of cured MY720/DDS epoxy thin films with various fluorinated aromatic reagents reduces the equilirium moisture absorption by as much as 75%. The blocking reactions were temperature-, time-, and diffusion-dependent. 2,4-Difluorophenyl isocyanate was a more effective blocking reagent than trifluoromethylphenyl isocyanates (i.e., ortho-, meta-, and para-) due to its higher reactivity. Among the trifluoromethylphenyl isocyanates, meta-trifluoromethylphenyl isocyanate exhibited the greatest extent of reaction based on the reduction of IR peaks at 3400 and 904 cm-1, presumably due to the slightly poorer inductive effect inherent in meta-trifluoromethylphenyl isocyanate, permitting a greater extent of diffusion into the bulk polymer. Pentafluorobenzoyl chloride was a more efficient blocking reagent compared to the fluorinated aromatic isocyanates. DSC thermogram data indicated that reaction of pentafluorobenzoyl chloride at 90°C for 2 days with the epoxy groups was essentially complete. The treated films were stable to hydrolysis even after immersion in distilled water at room temperature for 2 months as measured by IR spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250504
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the ceric ion behavior on the initiation of butyl acrylate polymerization onto amylose (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1309-1314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study of the Ce(IV) ion consumption during graft polymerization of butyl acrylate with amylose was carried out. The Ce(IV) consumed was ca. 80% and the ratio of Ce(IV) to anhydroglucose units was 1/15. Poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) chains were isolated from the grafted copolymer by the perchloric acid hydrolysis method. The molecular distribution was obtained by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The number-average molecular weight (Mn) of the grafted chains was 276,000 and the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) was 1,320,000. The total number of grafted chains (mmol) ranged from 0.4410-3 to 8.710-3 (amylose from 0.08 g to 1.23 g). Frequency of grafting ranged from 1042 to 704.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250509
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  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New thermo-crosslinking reactions of polymers containing pendant epoxide groups with various polyfunctional active esters (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1339-1351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New thermo-crosslinking reactions of poly(glycidyl methacrylate), copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate with methyl methacrylate, styrene or ethyl acrlate with various active esters such as di[S-(2-benzothiazoly)] thioadipate (BTAD), di(S-phenyl) thioadipate (PTAD), di(4-nitrophenyl) adipate (NPAD), diphenyl adipate (PAD), and di(S-phenyl) thioisophthalate (PTIP), and other polyfunctional esters were carried out in the film state using various catalysts such as quarternary ammonium or phosphonium salts, tert amines, or the crown ether 18-crown-6 = potassium salts system. Addition reactions of pendant epoxide groups in the polymer with the active esters such as NPAD and PTAD proceeded selectively to give gel compounds without other side reactions. The rates of reaction with the thioesters such as BTAD and PTAD were relatively faster than those with the phenyl esters such as PAD and NPAD at 70°C. The rates of reactions with the esters having flexible segments such as PTAD were also faster than those with the esters having rigid skeletons such as PTIP. Furthermore, it was found that the rate of reaction was affected strongly by reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, length of alkyl chain in the catalyst, kind of counterion of quarternary ammonium salts as a catalyst, content of pendant epoxide groups in the polymer, and kind of copolymer unit in the polymer, respectively.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250512
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  • 121
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    Thermal decomposition behavior of bis-aminimides and their application to polymerization of epoxide (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1363-1382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bis-aminimide compounds [bis-N, N,-dimethyl-N,-(2-hydroxypropyl)-amine-N,′-adipimide (1) and bis-trimethylamine adipimide (2)] were found to exhibit different thermal decomposition behavior and polymerization efficiency for an epoxide (phenyl glycidyl ether, PGE). The thermal decomposition rate of 1 was much higher than that of 2. It seemed that hydrogen bonding enhanced the decomposition rate. Compound 1 was thermolyzed to give a diisocyanate and a tertiary aminoalcohol, which subsequently reacted with each other to give a urethane. When 2 was heated, the isocyanate generated from 2 remained unreacted. PGE reacted with thoseaminimides to give different products, depending on their thermolyzed products. Mixtures of diisocyanate, tertiary amine, and PGE were used in the model reactions, and the thermal reaction between the expected decomposition products of aminimides was investigated in the presence and absence of PGE. The amount of high molecular weight fraction in PGE + 2 is greater than that of PGE + 1. In the former, the free isocyanate groups may act as a chain extender to give higher molecular weight fractions.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250514
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  • 122
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    Spectroscopic study of the interaction of poly(ε-N-methacryloyl-L-lysine) with copper(II) (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1419-1432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complexes formed between copper(II) and a polymeric ligand derived from L-lysine, poly(ε-N-methacryloyl-L-lysine) have been investigated by electronic absorption, circular dichroïsm, and EPR spectroscopy. The model molecule, ε-N-isobutyroyl-L-lysine was also studied with the purpose to distinguish between the effects due to the polymeric nature of the ligand and its intrinsic complexing properties. All experiment results are consistent with the existence of two CuL and CuL2 complexes for both model and polymer Cu systems with no deprotonation of the amide group. The two complexes involve only the carboxyl and amino groups. With the polymer, the CuL2 complex is the main species, even at low pH and low [ligand]/[metal] ratio. This is attributed to the high local concentration of ligand in the vicinity of the polymer chain. With the model molecule, on the contrary, the distribution of the two complexes is strongly dependent on the pH and the [ligand]/[metal] ratio.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250518
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    Isoprene polymerization with cerium(III) acetylacetonate-diethylaluminum chloride in toluene: Effects of water concentration (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1457-1462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isoprene has been polymerized in toluene using a cerium(III) acetylacetonate-diethylaluminum chloride catalyst. The microstructure of obtained polyisoprene is predominantly trans-1,4 structure. For this system the effects of water concentration on the conversion of isoprene to polymer, the microstructure and the molecular weight of polyisoprene have been examined. The conversion at a given polymerization time has a maximum at [H2O]/[DEAC] ratio of 1:0-1.1. The amounts of trans-1,4 structure and the viscosity average molecular weights of polyisoprene are nearly independent of the water concentration. Although the conversion increases with the concentration of catalyst, the trans-1,4 content is not affected by the catalyst concentration and the molecular weight of polyisoprene decreases slightly with increasing catalyst concentration.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250601
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  • 124
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    Hole transport in organic polymers with silicon backbone (polysilylenes) (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 823-827 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250307
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  • 125
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    13C-NMR study of chlorinated ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 857-872 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C-NMR has been used to analyze the microstructures of a series of experimental chlorinated ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (15-56% CI). Previously established line assignments for EVA copolymers and substituent effect parameters for chlorine have enabled us to tentatively assign partial structures up to five carbon atoms in length. The 13C-NMR analyses of a commercial vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, a commercial vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-ethylene terpolymer, and a commercial chlorinated polyethylene support the structural assignments. Data obtained for the experimental resins indicate that the acetate groups influence the way in which chlorine is added to the polymer chain. furthermore, the data indicate the acetate groups undergo little, if any, chlorination.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250311
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  • 126
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    Crosslinking reactions of 1,3,5-tris(2-methylaziridinyl-1-methyl)benzene (TRIMAM) with carboxyl terminated polybutadiene (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1545-1551 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Curing reactions of a new crosslinking agent, 1,3,5-tris(2-methylaziridinyl-1-methyl)benzene (TRIMAM) with carboxylterminated polybutadiene have been studied by dynamic differential thermal analysis and by IR spectroscopy. The crosslinking reactions are found to be faster for this new compound compared with the conventional tris-1-(2-methyl) axiridinyl phosphine oxide (MAPO).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250608
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  • 127
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    Polymerization of acrylic acid initiated by a hexavalent chromium-organic sulfur compounds reducing agent system (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1563-1568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of polymerization of acrylic acid initiated by Cr6+-thiourea, Cr6+-thioacetamide, Cr6+-2-aminoethane thiol, Cr6+-cysteine, and Cr6+-thioglycollic acid have been studied at 30, 35, and 40°C in nitrogen. The rates of polymerization were measured. Chromic acid alone did not initiate the polymerization under deaerated and un-deaerated conditions. On the basis of the experimental observation of the dependence of the rate of polymerization Rp on various variables, a suitable kinetic scheme is proposed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250610
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    Preparation and properties of silicon containing polyamides (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1591-1602 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Silicon containing polyamides were prepared by melt polycondensation method with a 1,3-bis(3-aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having various numbers of methylene groups. Only one endothermic peak appeared in the DTA curve of the quenched sample for polyamides having an even number of methylene groups in the repeating unit. Two endothermic peaks, however, appeared for the sample kept for a week in dry air at ambient temperature after quenching: the peak at the higher temperature is called peak I; and the peak at the lower one, peak II. By heat treatment at the higher temperature, peak II shifted to a higher temperature and increased its peak area, and peak I decreased its peak area while keeping its temperature unchanged. This behavior suggests the existence of two types of crystalline states. The peak temperature of peak I alternatively decreased with the increase of the number of methylene groups. The Young's modulus and the tensile strength increased with increase of annealing time at ambient temperature. The solubilities in various solvents, the resistance to alkali solution, and the thermal stability were acceptable. Both the permeation coefficient of oxygen (PO2) and the separation ratio (PO2/PN2) increased with the increase of silicon content in the repeating unit.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250613
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    Free radical copolymerization of sulfur dioxide with phenylacetylene (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1641-1651 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Free radical copolymerization of sulfur dioxide with phenylacetylene (PA) in o-dichlorobenzene was studied in a range of temperatures from 30 to 80oC as a function of total monomer concentration ([SO2] + [PA]). PA content in the copolymers increases with decreasing total monomer concentration and increasing temperature. Mw/Mn becomes sharper with decreasing the total monomer concentration, but does not depend upon feed compositions which are changed keeping total monomer concentration constant at 2, 4, and 6 mol/L, respectively. These results strongly indicate the existence of depropagation. Thermal decomposition of the copolymers happens more easily than PA homopolymer and the carbon-centered free radicals are detected during the decomposition. Reactivity of ∼ CH=Ċ(Ph) free radical (∼ PA · ) is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250617
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    Oxygen consumption and gas evolution by radiation-induced oxidation in ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1713-1716 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250624
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    Synthesis and properties of polyurethanes and polyureas containing 2,5-thiophenylene linkage (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1781-1791 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel diisocyanate monomer, thiophene-2,5-diisocyanate (ThDI) was prepared from readily available adipic acid via the intermediate formation of thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid chloride (ThDAC) and thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid azide (ThDAA) which was subjected to a Curtius rearrangement. Polyurethanes and polyureas containing 2,5-thiophenylene linkage were synthesized by the polycondensation of thiophene-2,5-diisocyanate with various diols and diamines, respectively, in N,N-dimethylformamide. Polymerization conditions were optimized and the high yields of polymers were obtained. The identity of ThDI, model compounds, and the resulting polymers was confirmed by elemental analysis and spectroscopic methods. These polyurethanes and polyureas were found to have inherent viscosities in the range of 0.33-0.68 dL/g. Some physical properties of these polymers were also investigated.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250707
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    Plasma polymers containing sulfonate groups (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1803-1809 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Modification of plasma-polymers prepared from phenylsilane with sulfur trioxide was investigated by FT/IR spectroscopy and ESCA. The sulfonation of phenyl groups in the plasma-polymers occurred rapidly within 1 min when exposed to SO3 gas. The S/C and O/C atomic ratios determined by ESCA for the modified polymers were 0.138 and 0.418, respectively. The sulfonation made the plasma-polymers electrically conductive. The conductivity was sensitive to moist atmosphere. The logarithm of the impedance at 120 Hz decreased linearly with increasing the relative humidity. The plasma-films containing sulfonate groups may be a new material for moisture sensor devices.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250709
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  • 133
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    Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymers. I. Synthesis and evaluation of compositions resistant to thermal stress cracking (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1871-1886 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Copolymerization of ethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, and small amounts (less than 5 mol %) of a perfluoroalkylethylene yields terpolymers in which the concentration ratio of the ethylenederived units to the units derived from the fluorine-containing monomers is unity, indicating that the perfluoroalkylethylenes are incorporated at the expense of chlorotrifluoroethylene. The resulting polymer compositions are characterized by improved resistance to thermal stress cracking.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250713
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    Synthesis of linear poly(ethylenimine) containing nucleic acid pendants as polynucleotide analogs (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1909-1941 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polynucleotide analogs with a linear poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) backbone and adenine, cytosine, and hypoxanthine pendants were synthesized. Linear PEI was synthesized by the cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-H-2-oxazoline, followed by acid hydrolysis. 2-(Adenin-9-yl)- and 2-(N6-benzyladenin-9-yl)-, 2-(cytosin-1-yl)propanoic acids in addition to 2-(adenin-9-yl)-3-methyland 3-(cytosin-1-yl)butanoic acids were synthesized from their respective nucleic acid bases. 2-(Hypoxanthin-9-yl)propanoic acid and 3-(hypoxanthin-9-yl)butanoic acid were converted from the corresponding adenine derivatives by reaction with nitrous acid. Grafting reactions of pendant groups onto various molecular weight PEI backbones were carried out at room temperature, using the coupling agent norborn-5-ene-2,3-carboximido diphenyl phosphate (PPONB), generally resulting in percent graft values greater than 90%. PPONB showed selectivity against the amino group of adenine and cytosine rings. The appropriate model compounds were also prepared.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250715
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    Ethylene homopolymerization with P, O-chelated nickel catalysts (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1989-2003 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstraction of phosphine from the nickel(II) P, O-chelated complexes, Ni[Ph2PCH=C(Ph)O] (Ph)(PPh3), and related species converts them from olefin oligomerization to olefin polymerization catalysts. Phosphine acceptors such as Rh(acetylacetonate)(C2H4)2 or Ni(1,5-cyclooctadiene)2 are most effective. Alternatively, nickel complexes in which the phosphine ligand is replaced with weakly coordinated pyridine can be prepared. These active, homogeneous catalysts can be tuned to give either low or high molecular weight, linear low or high density polyethylene. Depending on the diluent, the same catalytic complex can be used as heterogeneous or homogeneous catalyst. They are tolerant of oxygenated, hydroxylic, or polar molecules that would poison normal early transition metal-based Ziegler-Natta catalysts. In fact, the polymerizations can be run in solvents such as ethanol or acetone, but hydrocarbon solvents are preferred.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250719
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    Curing studies of a polyimide precursor (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2005-2020 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complexes between diphenylcarbamido-dicarboxybenzene and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1/4 and 1/2 M, are obtained by reacting pyromellitic dianhydride with aniline in the solvent 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone. Decomplexation and imidization of this diamic acid are studied by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, polarizing microscopy, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Side reactions competing with the imide formation are discussed. The presence of solvent is found to markedly influence imidization.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250720
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    Ethylene polymerization over organochromium catalysts: A comparison between closed and open pentadienyl ligands (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2063-2075 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Divalent organochromium compounds, Cr(Lig)2, often become active catalysts for the polymerization of ethylene when deposited onto an oxide carrier such as silica or aluminophosphate. Hydroxyl groups are thought to react, releasing one ligand and binding the chromium to the surface. The behavior of the catalyst is then governed by the remaining ligand and the type of carrier. In this study two types of ligands were investigated: cyclopentadienyl and its open ring analog dimethylpentadienyl. This small difference in the type of ligand produces a fundamental difference in the polymerization mechanism. For comparison the mixed ligand chromocene, with one open and one closed ligand, was also synthesized and tested for polymerization.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250804
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    The effect of temperature and initiator levels on the dispersion polymerization of polystyrene (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1395-1407 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Considerable interest has been generated recently by the preparation of large monodisperse polymer latices by a multistage swelling process. Dispersion polymerization in organic media has been shown to be an alternative route to the preparation of large monodisperse polymer colloids. The size of the resulting particles is known to be dependent on the polarity of the reaction medium. Several other factors are also extremely important in determining both the size and size distribution of the resulting particles. These include the temperature of the reaction and the level of initiator. The temperature affects both the rate of free radical formation and the thermodynamic properties of the polymerization system. It is shown that monodispersity can be achieved over a considerable range of temperatures provided that a particular level of initiator is used at a given temperature. It is also shown that higher levels of initiator at a particular temperature actually produced larger particles. Interestingly, the level of initiator was not found to significantly change the overall rate of polymerization.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250516
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    Synthesis and structural data of nylon 1,4 (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1445-1448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250520
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  • 140
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    Effects of ammonia/ammonium thiocyanate on cotton fabric (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2025-2032 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of ammonia/ammonium thiocyanate (NH3/NH4SCN) treatment of the swelling behavior, structural changes, and physical properties of cotton sheeting was compared with that of sodium hydroxide and liquid ammonia mercerization. Increased percent shrinkage, accessibility to a large dye molecule, dyestuff absorption, swelling with water, and water imbibition showed that NH3/NH4SCN had improved the accessibility of the cotton fabric. X-ray diffractograms showed the characteristic Cellulose I crystal lattice. X-ray diffraction and infrared absorption spectroscopy indicated that the crystallite size was unchanged and the swelling from the NH3/NH4SCN treatment occurred in the amorphous regions of the cellulose since the observed crystal structure was unchanged. Moisture regain determinations and barium hydroxide absorption suggested that some recrystallization of the cellulose may have occurred from the NH3/NH4SCN treatment. Fibers treated with NH3/NH4SCN showed a cross sectional shape similar to that of the origianl fibers but with reduced lumen area.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250801
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    Polymerization of silylacetylenes by W and Mo catalystsPart 6 of “Polymerization of Silicon-Containing Acetylenes.” See Reference 1 for Part 5. (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2033-2042 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymerization of HC≡CSiMe3 homologues (HC≡CSiMe2R; R = n-C6H13, CH2CH2Ph, CH2Ph, Ph, and t-Bu) was studied by use of W and Mo catalysts. W catalysts provided polymers in good yields from all these monomers. Mo catalysts gave mainly a polymer from HC≡CSiMe2-t-Bu, but virturally only cyclotrimers from sterically less croweded monomers (R = n-C6H13, CH2CH2Ph, CH2Ph, and Ph). Polymers with flexible R groups (n-C6H13, CH2CH2Ph, and CH2Ph) were totally soluble, their number-average molecular weights being 7000-18,000. Polymers with inflexible R groups (Ph and t-Bu) were partly insoluble. Every polymer was a yellow rubber or powder, and had the structure, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \rlap{--} [{\rm CH} = {\rm C}\left( {{\rm SiMe}_{\rm 2} {\rm R}} \right)\rlap{--} ]_n $\end{document}. The results were compared with the polymerization and polymer of HC≡CSiMe3.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250802
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    Kinetics of retarded polymerization: Investigation of the retardation of V5+-thiourea initiated polymerization of methyl acrylate by phenol (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2107-2116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics and mechanism of the retarding action of phenol on the V5+-thiourea initiated polymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) have been studied within the temperature range of 30-50°C. The effects of retarder (phenol), metal ion (V5+), monomer (MA), sulfuric acid, some organic solvents and inorganic salts on the percentage and rate of polymerization have been studied. The remarkable observation of the present study is the positive intercept obtained from the plot of [M]/Rp vs. 1/[M]. This type of observation is significantly different from previous studies on retarded polymerization. The values of composite rate constants k0kt/kikpkK have been calculated from plots of [M]/Rp vs. 1/[M]. On the basis of experimental findings a reaction mechanism has been suggested, and a suitable rate expression has been proposed and explained.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250807
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    Asymmetric polymerization of triphenylmethyl methacrylate by C2-chiral catalysts (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1603-1618 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Asymmetric polymerization of triphenylmethyl methacrylate (TrMA) was investigated with optically active anionic catalysts in toluene at -78°C. The catalysts were prepared in various combinations of organolithium compounds with C2-chiral tertiary diamines (1-6). Tetramethyl-ethylenediamine derivative bearing an axially dissymmetric biphenyl moiety (1) and the binaphthyl analogue (4) were found to provide efficient catalysts for the preparation of highly isotactic poly(TrMA)s of very large optical rotations whose signs depended on the configurations of the diamines. Especially, the catalysts consisting of 1 gave nearly pure one-handed helical polymers soluble in tetrahydrofuran (THF) in excellent yields, regardless of the kind of the lithium compounds used. The BuLi-1 catalyst caused the metallation of toluene used as the solvent, and hence the resulting polymer had a benzyl moiety as an initiator fragment. The polymerization was also discussed with respect to the mole ratio of 1 to BuLi. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the (-)- and (+)-polymers, which were obtained with the BuLi-(R)-1 and -(S)-1 catalysts, respectively, were virtually complete mirror images of each other. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using the THF-soluble, optically active poly(TrMA) as chiral adsorbent realized the complete resolution of racemic compounds.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250614
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    Preparation of polysiloxanes from silicic acid. IX. Partially silylated silicic acid and its spinnability (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1671-1679 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction in different molar ratios of trimethylchlorosilane to silicic acid offered partially silylated silicic acids PSSX (X = OH) with various degrees of silylation. Esterification and acetylation of PSSX (X = OH) with 1-butanol or acetylchloride gave polysiloxanes PSSX (X = OBun and OCOCH3). Some of them showed an excellent spinnability and provided a fine fiber with a length of about 250 cm. A fiber drawing test from concentrated PSSX solutions of various solvents revealed that spinnability markedly depended on the DS, functional group X of PSSX, and solvent. Spinnability may also be correlated to solubility parameter of PSSX and solvent.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250620
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  • 145
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    Synthesis of poly(alkylene phosphate)s with N-containing bases in the side chains. II. 9-N-oxoethyleneadenine on the poly(trimethylene phosphate) chain (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1729-1736 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(2-hydro-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane) was quantitatively chlorinated, the resulting polymer was reacted with excess of imidazole giving the highly reactive polyesteramide. This polymer, treated with N-hydroxyethyladenine with blocked amino group, gave polyphosphates with N-oxoethyleneadenine in the side chains. The final polymers (Mn 〉 104) as well as the intermediate products were characterized by 1H-, 13C-, and 31P-NMR spectroscopy. According to the spectra and analytical data the quantitative conversion: (A = adenine) was achieved.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250702
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  • 146
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    Effect of N-methyl substitution on the thermal decomposition processes in aliphatic-aromatic polyamides (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2351-2367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal decomposition processes of two polyamides, derived from succinic acid and two aromatic diamines, were studied by direct pyrolysis mass spectrometry.Fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry has been also used in order to provide additional information for the elucidation of the thermal degradation mechanism of the polymers investigated. FAB mass spectra, obtained by introducing in the FAB ion source the solid residues from polymer pyrolysis performed in thermogravimetric experiments, allowed the detection of diagnostic compounds up to about 1600 amu.Our results indicate that the thermal stability of the N-methyl-substituted polyamide is higher than that of the unsubstituted polyamide. The difference in the thermal degradation mechanism accounts for the difference in the thermal stability of the two polyamides. In fact, the unsubstituted polyamide decomposes via an intramolecular exchange and a concomitant N—H hydrogen transfer process with formation of compounds with amine and/or succinimide end groups. Instead, the N-methyl-substituted polyamide decomposes via an α C—H hydrogen transfer process from the methyl group to the nitrogen atom with formation of compounds with amine and/or 2,5-piperidinedione end groups.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250904
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    FT-IR spectroscopic study on the thermal and thermal oxidative degradation of nylons (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2409-2424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of heat and oxygen on nylon films were studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. Nylons 6, 66 and nylons containing carbonyl groups in either the diamine or the diacid moiety were prepared. Nylon films cast on aluminum were studied in an environmental chamber under controlled conditions. The progress of chemical and physical changes was monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy. Thermal energy caused largely an increase in crystallinity due to annealing and also an increase of nonhydrogen-bonded amide groups, which seemed to entail mainly amide groups from the amorphous region. The intensities of IR absorption bands related to the folded structure reduced as soon as heating began. The IR spectra of the carbonyl groups formed by thermal oxidation showed band shapes that indicated that the formed carbonyl groups were of many different origins. The presence of keto groups purposely inserted into the backbone chains increased the rate of oxidation. Pyrolysis of the nylons was also studied to supplement data obtained at lower temperatures.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250908
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  • 148
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    Polymer-supported bases. 7. Nucleophilic acyl rearrangements catalyzed by polymer-supported aminopyridine or imidazole bases (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2455-2467 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymer-supported aminopyridine or imidazole catalysts were effective for acyl rearrangements of O-acylated substrates to C-acylated products. Some of the aminopyridine catalysts, which had much higher activity than the imidazole catalyst, exhibited high activity comparable to that of the corresponding soluble catalyst, 4-N, N-dimethylaminopyridine. The activity of the immobilized aminopyridines was studied as a function of the percentage of ring substitution, spacer-chain length, and solvents. The affinity of the substrates for the immobilized catalysts played an important role for the rearrangements. The increased catalytic activity resulted from the increased affinity of the substrates for the catalysts. The activity of the immobilized bases decreased gradually owing to the reaction of the active site with the products as the catalysts were used repeatedly. The treatment of the used catalysts with nucleophiles restored the activity to some extent. The activity decrease can be minimized by shortening a contact time between the catalysts and the products.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250911
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  • 149
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    Synthesis of new polydimethylsiloxane-polyamide copolymers from phenylene-bis-5-oxazolones and aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane oligomers (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2819-2826 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alternating polydimethylsiloxane-polyamide block copolymers were prepared in dichloromethane or chloroform solution at room temperature from 3-amino-n-propyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane oligomers and 2,2′-p-phenylenebis(4,4-dimethyl-5-oxazolone). Solution and thermal properties of the polymers were characterized.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080251017
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  • 150
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    Preparation and thermal properties of polyquinazolones containing m-substituted phenyl groups on the quinazolone ring (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2241-2250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyquinazolones containing m-substituted phenyl groups (Br, Cl, F, CH3O, NO2, and CH3) on the quinazolone ring were synthesized in m-cresol, and their thermal properties were studied by using dynamic thermogravimetry and isothermal weight loss. Polyquinazolones with intrinsic viscosities in the range 0.2-1.6 dL/g were synthesized. The introduction of substituted groups into the pendant phenyl group resulted in a decrease in the glass transition temperature and the thermal stability. Oxidative thermal stability of the polyquinazolones was dependent on the position of substituted groups on the pendant phenyl group. The introduction of substituted groups into the meta position reduced thermal stability more than did the introduction into the para position.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250820
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    Preparation and characterization of macroporous polystyrene resins containing ethynyl groups and transition metal acetylide complexes (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2281-2288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ethynylated polystyrene resins were prepared as functionalized polymer supports by the iodination reaction of macroporous polystyrene resins and reacted with transition metal diethynyl complex (Mt = Ni) and metal halides (Mt = Rh, Pd, and Pt) in a basic solvent using cuprous iodide as a catalyst to obtain macroporous polystyrene resins containing organotransition metals. The distribution of the metal acetylide complexes in the modified macroporous resins was determined by an electron probe microanalyzer. A gradient in the transition metal distribution was observed in any case of the modified resins. The stability of the organotransition metal complexes in the polymer matrix could be compared with a low molecular weight analogous complex quantitatively.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250824
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  • 152
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    Preparation and properties of some cardopolyamides containing phenoxathiin-10,10-dioxide and phenoxaphosphine units (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2327-2334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several new cardopolyamides containing phenoxathiin-10,10-dioxide and phenoxaphosphine units were prepared by condensing 3,3-bis(4-aminophenyl)-phthalide (PDA), 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl) fluorene (FDA), and 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)-10-anthrone (ADA) with 2,8-dichloroformylphenoxathiin-10,10-dioxide (PDC) and 2,8-dichloroformyl-10-phenylphenoxaphosphine-10-oxide (PPDC) in DMAc. A low temperature solution polycondensation technique was employed throughout. The cardopolymides were obtained in 80-92% yield and showed inherent viscosities in the range 0.41-0.6 dL/g. All the polymers were characterized by IR spectra, density, solubility, crystallinity, and thermal analysis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250901
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    Uniform encapsulation of fine inorganic powder with soapless emulsion polymerization (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 3117-3125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The encapsulation of inorganic powder of submicron sizes was attempted with soapless emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate in water in the presence of the powder. The powders used were barium sulfate and calcium carbonate. The polymerizations were initiated by potassium persulfate and by sodium bisulfite-oxygen redox reaction. The encapsulation state of the powder with the polymer formed varied considerably with the initiators used. With potassium persulfate initiator the powder surface was partially or totally covered by polymer particles, while with redox initiator under air atmosphere the powder surface was well encapsulated with a film-like polymer layer. From the differences in the encapsulation states, an encapsulation mechanism is suggested for each initiator system. Based upon this mechanism, a new encapsulation process capable of covering uniformly fine powders with a film polymer is proposed. An important factor in the new process is the addition of an extremely small quantity of a surfactant into the reaction system prior to the polymerization.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080251115
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    Benzocyclobutene in polymer synthesis. II. Solid state diels-alder polymerization utilizing an in situ generated diene and an alkyne (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 3159-3172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel class of aromatic imide AB-monomers with benzocyclobutene and an alkyne (primarily phenylethynyl group) as the reactive units have been prepared. The monomers have been utilized in thermally induced Diels-Alder polymerizations. The differential scanning calorimetric study of the AB-monomers provided two observations: (i) primary acetylene began its homopolymerization (202°C max.) before the electrocyclic ring opening of benzocyclobutene (270°C max.); (ii) the phenoxy group connecting between phenylacetylenyl group and the aromatic imide fragment suppressed polymerization in Diels-Alder fashion. Furthermore, thermoxidative stability evaluation on the cured samples (250°C for 8 h and then 350°C for another 8 h under N2 atmosphere), carried out at 650°F (air) for 200 h, indicated the more rigid phenylethynyl phthalimide system was the most heat-resistant.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080251118
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  • 155
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    Synthesis of the aldehyde of oligomeric polyoxyethylene (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2447-2454 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conjugates of polyoxyethylene with proteins and surfaces are of much importance in various biotechnical applications. Consequently, methods for preparing the aldehyde of POE are of interest because of the potential ready attachment of this compound to proteins and aminated surfaces by reductive amination. In this work we describe the results of attempts to prepare an oligomeric POE aldehyde by six routes, two of which proved to be effective. Two previously published routes, manganese-oxide and DMSO/Ac2O oxidation were ineffective. The aldehyde was shown to be unstable in the presence of base and thus of little use for reductive amination. On the other hand, the benzaldehyde derivative, which we also synthesized, is stable, easy to prepare, and undergoes ready reductive amination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250910
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    Degradation and stabilization of high molecular weight polyethylene in solution (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2469-2477 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The changes in the molar mass of high molecular weight polyethylene, in o-dichlorobenzene, with time are examined using viscometry. The results show that the molar mass decreases with time and that the observed decay can be satisfactorily explained by a simple degradation model. Commercial antioxidants can inhibit the degradation process if the appropriate concentration is chosen. Thus, at very low concentrations a polynuclear phenol shows good antioxidant behavior but this decreases with an increase in concentration due to direct oxidation of the inhibitor. Conversely, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate shows the best stabilizing activity which increases with concentration. The results are explained on the basis of the established mechanistic action of these compounds and show that viscometry is not an accurate method for measuring the molar mass of high molecular weight polyethylene samples unless the appropriate conditions are chosen. Even with the best inhibitor, some degradation is still observed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250912
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  • 157
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    Polymeric catenanes from crosslinked poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) and cyclic poly(dimethylsilozane) (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2503-2509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) has been crosslinked in the presence of large poly(dimethylsiloxane) cyclics (92 repeating units). Approximately 26% by weight of the cyclics were threaded and permanently captured by the polymer network forming a topological isomeric structure referred to as a polymeric catenane. Nonentrapped cyclics were extracted with chloroform. Chemical analyses and micrographs showed evidence for crosslinking and cyclic entrapment, while physical testing demonstrated distinct differences in physical properties such as the glass transition temperature, ultimate mechanical properties, and dynamic viscoelastic response between the crosslinked control samples, and those containing cyclic poly(dimethylsiloxane).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250915
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    Polypyrazoles from aromatic dipropynones and aromatic dihydrazinesPresented at the 190th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, II, Sept. 1985 (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2531-2542 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two types of polypyrazoles, unsubstituted and phenylated, were prepared by a novel synthetic route involving the cyclopolycondensation of aromatic dihydrazines and aromatic dipropynones. The polymers had inherent viscosities as high as 1.05 dL/g and were soluble in N, N-dimethylacetamide, chloroform (phenylated polypyrazoles only), and sulfuric acid. The polymers exhibited glass transition temperatures ranging from 202 to 266°C and polymer decomposition temperatures (10% weight loss) as measured by thermogravimetric analysis of 400-500°C in air and 465-512°C in nitrogen. The synthesis and characterization of several polypyrazoles are discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250918
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    Synthesis of aromatic polyethers containing 2,6(7)-dihydroxy [1,3,5(6),7(8)-tetramethylanthracene] units (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2577-2583 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Friedel-Crafts copolymerization of 4,4′ bis(2,6-dimethylphenoxy-4-Phenyl)sulfone with methylene chloride used both as comonomer and solvent leads to linear and soluble aromatic polyethers containing 2,6(7)-dihydroxy[1,3,5(6),7(8)-tetramethylanthracene] units. The polymerization proceeds by multiple electrophilic substitutions that lead first to diphenylmethane and then to dihydroanthrylene units, followed by dihydrogenation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250922
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    A new synthesis of 1,5-dioxepan-2-one (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2629-2630 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new method for the synthesis of 1,5-dioxepan-2-one (DXO)1 was developed and advantages over an earlier synthetic scheme2 were documented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250926
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    Polymerization of acenaphthylene by transition metal catalysts (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 15-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of acenaphthylene (ACN) was examined in the presence of the group V and VI transition metal salts such as WCl6, MoCl5, TaCl5, and NbCl5, as catalysts under various reaction conditions. These transition metal salts were found to be effective catalysts for the polymerization of ACN. The polymerization of ACN by WCl6 in chlorobenzene proceeded at a high initial rate when the monomer to catalyst mole ratio was 200. In addition, it was observed that aromatic solvents generally were found to be superior to aliphatic solvents for both conversion and molecular weight. The structure of the resulting polymers was characterized by means of NMR, IR, UV, and x-ray diffraction. Emission properties were also investigated. Fluorescence emission spectra of the polymers obtained by WCl6 as a catalyst varied strongly depending on the polymerization solvent. Thus, it appears that the polyacenaphthylene produced by WCl6 was a different configuration dependent on the polymerization solvents used.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250102
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    Studies in the formation of poly(oxazolidones) I. Kinetics and mechanism of the model oxazolidone formation from phenyl isocyanate and phenylglycidyl ether. Selectivity of catalysts (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 151-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of phenyl isocyanate with phenylglycidyl ether in the presence of various catalysts served as a model reaction for the preparation of poly(oxazolidones). The type of catalyst used determines the mechanism of the oxazolidone synthesis. In addition to the basic product, oxazolidone, side products may be formed, the most frequent of which is the formation of isocyanurates, which depends upon the temperature and the type of catalyst. The most effective epoxide-soluble catalysts evaluated so far in the preparation of oxazolidones were the complex catalyst AlCl3-triphenylphosphine oxide and AlCl3-hexamethylphosphoric triamide. The kinetic study of the oxazolidone formation was carried out by means of HPLC, and the isocyanate and epoxide were separately determined by means of the di-n-butylamine and the perchloric acid methods, respectively. The HPLC method also clearly demonstrated the presence of two isomers, 3-phenyl-5-phenoxymethyloxazolidone-2 and 3-phenyl-4-phenoxymethyloxazolidone-2. The distribution of these isomers, previously reported in the literature, was found to depend upon the temperature and the type of catalyst used.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250113
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    Synthesis and microstructure of polymers from o-methacryloyloxybenzoic acid (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 203-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The free radical polymerization of o-methacryloyloxybenzoic acid using acetone and benzene as solvents, in the interval 30-120°C, is investigated. The polymerization in benzene has a precipitant character. However, when acetone is used as solvent, at reaction temperatures higher than 60-70°C, the polymerization deviates from the classic free radical mechanism and, beside the addition of monomer molecules to growing chain ends, the release of salicylic acid and the formation of cyclic anhydride structures of glutaric type in the main chain has been detected. The microstructure of polymers obtained has also been studied by the transformation into the corresponding poly(methyl methacrylate)s.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250117
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    Thermotropic polyesters with main chain isomeric naphthylene, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, and 2,5-pyridinediyl units: The importance of the order of ester linkages in the mesogenic units (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 241-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two new series of thermotropic polyesters were prepared and their mesomorphic properties were investigated. The polymers consist of triad aromatic ester-type mesogenic units with decamethylene spacers. The mesogenic units of the first series are composed of isomeric dihydroxynaphthalene moieties as the central structure flanked by two p-oxybenzoyl groups. In the second series the mesogenic units were of reversed ester linkages: the central moieties, derived from 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, or 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, are connected on both sides to p-phenylene structures. Two low molecular weight model compounds with 1,4-naphthylene unit at the center of the mesogenic unit were synthesized and their mesomorphic properties were compared with those of corresponding polymers. It was observed both for the model compounds and the polymers containing 1,4-naphthylene units that the linking order of the ester group in the mesogenic unit exerted a decisive influence on the capability for the formation of a mesophase. Thermal and mesomorphic properties were investigated by DSC, on a polarizing microscope equipped with a hot-stage, and by visual observation of stir-opalescence of the melts.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250121
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  • 165
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    Synthesis and characterization of poly[3,5′-(3-pyridyl methyl)-2,6,-diaminotoluene] and its condensation product, poly[4-(3-pyridyl),8-methyl,2,3-6,7-quinolino] (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 299-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2,6-Diaminotoluene was reacted with 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde in acidic medium and the intermediate polymer was further condensed in polyphosphoric acid at high temperature (335°C) to obtain a soluble heterocyclic ladder polymer, poly[4-(3-pyridyl),8-methyl,2,3-6,7-quinolino] (PPMQ). The molecular weight of the intermediate polymer depended on the reaction temperature and the rate of reactant addition. The NMR spectra of the intermediate polymer indicated that a linear polymer with resonable molecular weight was formed. Element analysis and IR spectra confirmed the structure of the final polymer.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250126
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  • 166
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    High resolution 13C-NMR spectroscopy of sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 337-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Results of NMR studies on intact sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (SCMC) are presented. Similar studies in the literature are all on partially depolymerized SCMC. The degree of substitution and the relative distribution of substituents at OH-2, OH-3, and OH-6 of anhydro D-glucose residue in intact SCMC were determined by high resolution 13C-NMR spectroscopy (125 MHz). It is observed that the degree of substitution at OH-6 is almost equal to that at OH-3. In two SCMC samples, which are widely different in molecular weight and degree of substitution (ds), the relative reactivity order of the hydroxyl groups was found to be OH-2 〉 OH-6 ≃ OH-3. The NMR assignments were based on calculated shifts of carbons of anhydroglucose moiety in an oligosaccharide due to substitution.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250129
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  • 167
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    Synthesis of polynucleotide analogs by grafting optically active nucleic acid base derivatives onto polyethyleniminePreliminary results are reported in J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 24, 167 (1986). (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 373-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polynucleotide analogs with a polyethylenimine backbone and optically active thymine- and adenine-containing pendants and their model compounds were synthesized. The pendants were prepared by the addition reaction of the nucleic acid base to ethyl crotonate. The ammonium salt of 3-(adenin-9-yl)butyric acid was employed to replace its free acid for the formation of diastereomeric salt with brucine. Fractional crystallization of the diastereomeric salt generates the partially resolved enantiomers. The solubility difference between the racemic mixture and its enantiomer was utilized to obtain the pure enantiomers. The active esters of the pendants were prepared. Grafting reactions were carried out by the reaction of active esters with PEI at room temperature. Completely grafted polymers were obtained.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250133
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  • 168
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    Functional polymers and sequential copolymers by phase transfer catalysis. 25. Transformation of a monotropic mesophase into an enantiotropic one by increasing the molecular weight of the polymer and by copolymerizationFor the previous paper in this series, see Ref. 1. (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 405-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The influence of molecular weight on thermal transitions and on the thermodynamic parameters was studied for two polymers based on 4,4′-dihydroxy-α-methylstilbene with either 1,9-dibromononane (HMS-C9 polyethers) or 1,11-dibromoundecane (HMS-C11 polyethers). HMS-C9 polyethers present an enantiotropic nematic mesophase over the entire range of molecular weights and a monotropic smectic mesophase for polymers of number average molecular weights higher than 17,000. The low molecular weight HMS-C11 polyethers are only crystalline. On increasing their molecular weight, the polymers become monotropic nematics, and at higher molecular weights, enantiotropic nematics. Up to a composition containing as little as 20 mol % nonane structural units, the random copolyethers based on 1,9-dibromononane, 1,11-dibromoundecane, and 4,4′-dihydroxy-α-methylstilbene (HMS-C9/11 copolyethers) exhibit on cooling a phase diagram resembling that of HMS-C9 polyether. HMS-C9/11 containing about a 1/1 mole ratio between the two spacers presents both smectic and nematic enantiotropic mesophases. These results suggest that the phase diagram of random liquid crystalline copolymers is controlled by the shorter spacer. The thermodynamic parameters of isotropization for both polyethers and copolyethers are compared and suggest that copolymerization does not significantly decrease the degree of order of the mesogenic units in the mesomorphic phase.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250135
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  • 169
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    Conformational properties of isotactic poly(2-hyroxyethyl methacrylate) in the mixed water-alcohol solvents (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 467-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conformational properties of isotactic poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) have been studied in mixtures of water and several aliphatic alcohols by viscometry and fluorometry. The highest fluorescence intensity of auramine has been detected in aqueous isotactic PHEMA solution compared with several aliphatic alcohol systems. Upon aliphatic alcohol addition, there was the decrease of fluorescence intensity of auramine. As the number of aliphatic group of alcohol increases, the decrease of fluorescence intensity of auramine has been pronounced. And the sharp increases of the reduced viscosity of isotactic PHEMA in water-alcohol solvents were observed in the lower region of alcohol volume percentage with the increasing number of aliphatic group of alcohol. Nevertheless, the sharp increase of the reduced viscosity of isotactic PHEMA in ethyleneglycol-water solvent was obtained even at a low-volume percentage region of ethyleneglycol at which compact structures exist. Therefore, we consider that the increase of viscosity at this region is due to the hydrophilic side group of polymer-solvent interaction, forming hydrogen bonds. The experimental results suggest that compact structures of isotactic PHEMA in aqueous solution are caused by hydrophobic interactions by methyl group of polymer backbone, and the hydrophobic interaction by adding alcohols. Finally, our study brings the fact that the solvating sites of alcohols on the isotactic PHEMA molecule are strongly influenced by the number of hydroxyl and aliphatic group in alcohols.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250203
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  • 170
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    Kinetics of polyesterification III: Solid-state polymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 533-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Experimental studies on the solid-state polymerization (SSP) of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for the particle sizes of 14-16 mesh at 170-200°C and for the particle sizes of 14-18 mesh at 210-240°C are carried out under a vacuum of about 60 mtorr. Analysis of the data of the concentrations of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups and the number average molecular weight during the SSP allows determinations of the rates of esterification and ester interchange separately. It is found that at the temperature 170-200°C and the particle size 80-100 mesh the SSP is end-group diffusion limiting, and that at the temperature 210-240°C and the particle size 14-16 mesh the ester interchange is ethylene glycol diffusion limiting and the esterification is predominantely end-group diffusion limiting due to higher diffusion rate of water. These phenomena are explored by an assistance of the proposed rate expressions for the end-group diffusion limited reactions and diffusion models for the by-products, water, and ethylene glycol.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250208
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  • 171
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    Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto wool initiated by ceric ammonium nitrate-thioglycolic acid redox couple in presence of air. IV (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 595-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto wool initiated by ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN)-thioglycolic acid (TGA) redox couple has been studied at 55 ± 0.2°C under atmospheric oxygen. Grafted copolymer was characterized by IR spectroscopy, scanning electron micrographs, and thermogravimetric analysis. Effect of amines, acid, alkali, oxidizing, and reducing agents were determined experimentally. The molecular weights of grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) and homopolymer was also evaluated.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250213
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    New approach to the measurement of polymer photooxidation (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 3311-3323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In an attempt to eradicate many of the problems associated with outdoor and accelerated testing of polymeric formulations, an apparatus was constructed for the sensitive measurement of oxygen uptake into a polymer during its incipient stages of photooxidation. The photooxidation curves of certain HDPE and LDPE formulations demonstrate a first order asymptotic approach to a limiting value which corresponds to the initial number of reactive centers that are available in the material for oxygen attack. An equation for oxygen uptake as a function of time is derived which incorporates the asymptotic value together with a constant whose value reflects the rate at which the asymptote is approached. These parameters are used to calculate the value of the initial quantum yield for oxygen uptake, a quantity which is indicative of the relative photostability of a given formulation. The kinetics parameters obtained from analyses of certain photooxidative curves confirm that the initial rate of photooxidation is proportional to the concentration of polymer hydroperoxide species which are present in the material as a result of oxidation during processing. The removal of these by thermal treatment of the material in an inert atmosphere results in the appearance of an induction period in the photooxidative profile. The experimental results suggest that this method of determining and interpreting photooxidative curves has certain potential for assessing the relative photostabilities of polymeric formulations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080251211
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    Polymerization of vinyl monomers by a new oligoperoxide: Oligo(adipoyl-5-peroxy-2,5-dimethyl n-hexyl peroxide)Dedicated to Prof. Dr. B. M. Baysal in honor of his 64th birthday. (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 3349-3354 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new polymeric initiator, oligo(adipoyl-5-peroxy-2,5-dimethyl n-hexyl peroxide), was synthesized by interfacial condensation of adipoyl chloride with 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-dihydroperoxy hexane. This can be used as an initiator to prepare block copolymers by free radical mechanism in a procedure involving several steps, since the colorless, viscous liquid, oligoperoxide, has 8-10 peroxide groups per molecule. The thermal decomposition of this oligoperoxide in benzene solution at 98°C was first order and its half life was 9.75 h. The results of the polymerization kinetics show that this oligoperoxide lies in between of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-dihydroperoxyhexane and benzoyl peroxide for empirical polymerization rates of styrene and methyl methacrylate at 80°C.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080251214
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  • 174
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    Polyanhydrides. I. Preparation of high molecular weight polyanhydrides (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 3373-3386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyanhydrides composed of the following diacids-sebacic acid, bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)propane, bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)hexane, isophthalic acid, 1,4-phenylene dipropionic acid, and dodecanedioic acid-were synthesized by a melt polycondensation process. Polymers of molecular weight up to 137,010 (weight average) and intrinsic viscosity of 0.92 dL/g were achieved. These high molecular weight polymers were reached by using pure isolated mixed anhydrides of diacids and acetic acid, under optimized reaction conditions (temperature of 180°C for 90 min under vacuum of 10-4 mm Hg). Polymers of higher molecular weights were synthesized in shorter times by using heterogenic coordination catalysts: cadmium acetate, ZnEt2-H2O (1:1), barium oxide, calcium oxide, and calcium carbonate. By using these catalysts molecular weights of up to 245,000 were reached in 30 min of reaction. Films made of high molecular weight bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)propane-sebacic acid copolymers showed tensile strengths of 40-160 kg/cm2; the strength increased as a function of the bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)propane content and molecular weight.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080251217
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  • 175
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    Functional polymers and sequential copolymers by phase transfer catalysis. XXII. Vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymers by surface modification of polyvinylidene fluoride (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 783-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyvinylidene fluoride films and powders have been used to synthesize vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymers. The synthetic procedure involves a phase transfer catalyzed heterogenous dehydrofluorination, followed by electrophilic chlorination or bromination. A phase transfer catalyzed displacement of bromine or chlorine by fluoride ion completes the synthesis. Dehydrofluorinations were up to 40% complete at room temperature and up to 100% complete at 90°C. Electrophilic chlorination of the resulting carbon-carbon double bonds were complete on both powder or films. The bromination of dehydrohalogenated polymers does not go to completion even when the reaction is carried out in solution. Displacement reactions were incomplete and resulted in further dehydrohalogenation when tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (TBAH) or 18-crown-6 and KF were used in organic solvents. Using TBAH, KHF2, and water, high degrees of displacement were achieved only on the brominated compounds. The chlorinated products gave both displacement and elimination.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250305
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    Synthesis of acetylene-terminated polymers using supported palladium (II) catalysts (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 847-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A polymer-bound palladium catalyst was synthesized from palladium diacetate and a single crystal polyethylene having 2,2′-bipyridyl moieties as pendant groups. The resulting material was used in place of a free palladium catalyst in the synthesis of acetylene-terminated resins. Supports other than polyethylen were also tested for their ability to bind palladium and their subsequent activity as catalysts in the synthesis of acetylene-terminated polymers.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250310
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    Assignment of proton NMR spectrum of triglycidylether of para-aminophenol (TGPAP), using two-dimensional techniques: SUPERCOSY and J-resolved (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 897-905 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: One- and two-dimensional 400-MHz proton NMR experiments are reported for the epoxy resin monomer, triglycidylether of para-aminophenol (TGPAP). Assignment of the epoxy protons becomes difficult due to many overlapping signals from the glycidylamine and glycidylether regions. To solve this problem we employed the homonuclear proton shift-correlated (SUPERCOSY) and J-resolved two-dimensional techniques. The combination of these methods permits the complete elucidation of the complex spectrum.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250314
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    Cationic ring-opening transfer polymerization of spiro ortho esters initiated by carbon black (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 935-943 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ring-opening transfer polymerization of spiro ortho esters (SOE) initiated by carbon black was investigated. In the absence of carbon black, no polymerization occurred at all. In the presence of channel black containing carboxyl group, the ring-opening transfer polymerization of SOE was initiated at 50-70°C. to give polyether ester, namely alternating copolymer of epoxide and lactone. The rate of polymerization of 1,4,6-trioxaspiro[4.4]nonane and 1,4,6-trioxaspiro[4.5]decane was considerably small compared with that of 1,4,6-trioxaspiro[4.6]undecane. The activation energy of the polymerization of 2-chloromethyl-1,4,6-trioxaspiro[4.6]undecane was estimated to be 6.0 kcal/mol. The initiating activity of carbon black increased with an increase in carboxyl group content of carbon black. Furnace black that contained no carboxyl group was unable to initiate the polymerization. Furthermore, the carbon black lost the initiating ability of the polymerization upon the blocking of carboxyl group on the surface by the treatment with potassium hydroxide or diazomethane. Based on these results, it was concluded that carboxyl group on carbon black plays an important role in the initiation. During the polymerization, a part of the polymer formed was grafted onto carbon black: the grafting ratio was 10-30%. The mechanisms of initiation and grafting were discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250317
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    Anionic polymerization of butyl isocyanate (BIC) by NaCN (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 3499-3503 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080251230
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  • 180
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    Chemiluminescence of hydrocarbon polymers (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1205-1217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal oxidation of some hydrecarbon polymers differing by their degree of branching was studied simultaneously by chemiluminescence and infrared spectrophotometry. In the case of isotactic polypropylene, measurements were made at various temperatures ranging from 140 to 180°C. The other polymers - ethylene-propylene copolymer, low and high density polyethylene - were studied only at 160°C. In all cases, the induction times of chemiluminescence coincide with those of carbonyl growth. The previously proposed mechanisms of light emission are not consistent with the kinetic data or with the structure effects on luminescence, which seems directly related with the presence of tertiary hydrogens. A hypothetical mechanism based on the β scission of tertiary alkoxyls is proposed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250502
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    Product analyses and crosslink mechanism of plasma-polymerized methyl methacrylate (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1273-1284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Plasma-polymerized methyl methacrylate (PPMMA) film was produced by a radio-frequency glow discharge of methyl methacrylate (MMA) gas with argon. PPMMA deposited under a plasma of mild energy was separated into a soluble fraction (sol-PPMMA) and an insoluble matrix (insol-PPMMA), which is highly crosslinked, by solvent-extraction and filtration. The chemical structure of the sol-PPMMA was determined by pyrolysis/gas chromatography, IR spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and elemental analysis techniques. On the other hand, the structure of the insol-PPMMA was examined with IR spectroscopy, 13C-NMR with CP/MAS method, and elemental analysis. The crosslinking mechanism in the plasma polymerization of MMA is discussed on the basis of product analyses of the sol-PPMMA and the insol-PPMMA.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250506
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    Synthesis and polymerization of racemic and optically active β-substituted β-propiolactones. II: β-monosubstituted and β-disubstituted monomers and polymers with different optical purities (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1315-1328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: β-(trichloromethyl)-β-propiolactone (CCl3-PL), β-(trifluoromethyl,methyl)-β-propiolactone (CF3, Me-PL) and β-(trifluoromethyl,ethyl)-β-propiolactone (CF3,Et-PL) have been obtained by the reaction of ketene with chloral, 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone and 1,1,1-trifluorobutanone, respectively. Chiral catalysis lead to optically active monomers. The enantiomeric excess of the lactones has been measured by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, in the presence of 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9-anthryl)ethanol or an europium chiral shift reagent. Polymerizations have been carried out in bulk or in toluene, at 60°C or 80°C, using mainly organometallic initiators. The Polymers become insoluble and crystalline at enantiomeric excesses over 80% for CCl3-PL and 70% for CF3,Me-PL. Melting temperatures were recorded from 238 to 268°C for poly(CCl3-PL) and from 78 to 100°C for poly(CF3,Me-PL), depending upon the molecular weight and the enantiomeric excess. The 13C-NMR specroscopy of poly(CCL3-PL) indicates that the polymerization of the corresponding lactone leads to polymers of increasing degrees of isotacticity with the enantiomeric excess of the monomer.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250510
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  • 183
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    Esterification reactions on syndiotactic poly(2-methallyl alcohol). II. Esterification with protected (L)-aspartic and (L)-glutamic acidsDedicated to Prof. Dr. G. Manecke on the occasion of his 70th birthday. (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1409-1418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The esterification of syndiotactic poly(2-methallyl alcohol) by Nα- and Oω- protected aspartic and glutamic acids by the DCC/HOBT method is described. Depending on the extent of conversion, either homopolymers or copolymers are obtained. Both homo- and copolymers are characterized by 1H- and 13C-NMR. A second route to the homopolymers has been followed, whereby the poly(2-methallyl alcohol) is first esterified by Nα-protected aspartic or glutamic acid anhydrides and, in a second step, the resulting free carboxyl group on the side chain is esterified by alcohols which are the same as the alcohol moiety of the Oω-protecting groups. Because the homopolymers were identical to those of the first route, the formation of α-esters with the acid anhydrides is indicated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250517
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  • 184
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    Electronic Resource
    Highly wettable films plasma-polymerized from ethylene oxide (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1633-1639 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Highly wettable films were prepared by plasma-polymerization from ethylene oxide. The surface energy of the formed films is 65.6 dyn/cm, and the contact-angle of water on the films is 12 degrees. The formation of highly wettable films is limited to the plasma-polymerization conducted at low W/FM values of below 200 MJ/kg. Analyses by infrared spectroscopy and ESCA show that the formed films contain much oxygen residues such as C—O, C—O, and C(O)—O— groups. Such polar groups would contribute high wettability of the plasma-films from ethylene oxide.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250616
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  • 185
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    Conductivity of polydiacetylene with π-conjugation between polymer backbone and substituentsPresented at the American Chemical Society Fall Meeting, August 1984, held at Philadelphia, PA. (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1663-1669 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly-1,4-bis(3-acetamidephenyl)-1,3-butadiyne, i.e., a topochemically obtained polydiacetylene for which one can expect π-conjugation between polymer backbone and substituents, has been examined as a candidate of conducting polymers. Upon iodine doping, the polymer film attained the conductivity of 4.8 × 10-2 S/cm, i.e., about three orders of magnitude greater than those of other polydiacetylene films which have no such π-conjugation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250619
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  • 186
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    Electronic Resource
    Optical resolution of DL-lysine by polymers with L-lysine pendant group (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 19-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140250104
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  • 187
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    Electronic Resource
    Structural adhesives: Chemistry and technology, S. R. Hartshorn, Ed., Plenum, New York, 1986, 505 pp. Price: $75.00 (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 137-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140250309
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  • 188
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    Electronic Resource
    Cellulose structure modification and hydrolysis, Raymond A. Young and Roger M. Rowell, Eds., Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1986, 379 pp. (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 139-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140250313
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  • 189
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    Electronic Resource
    Announcements (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 143-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140250316
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  • 190
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    Electronic Resource
    Applied fibre science, volume 3, F. Happey, Ed., Academic: New York, 1979, 549 pp. (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 49-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140250113
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  • 191
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    Electronic Resource
    New trends in the photochemistry of polymers, Norman S. Allen and Jan F. Rabek, Eds., Elsevier Applied Science, London and New York, 1985, 321 pp. (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 138-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140250311
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  • 192
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    Electronic Resource
    Integration of fundamental polymer science and technology, L. A. Kleintjens and P. J. Lemstra, Eds., London and New york, 1986, 677 pp. Price: $99.00 (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 141-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140250315
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  • 193
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    Electronic Resource
    Advances in polymer science - 81 (catalytical and radical polymerization), by P. C. Barbe, J.-C. Brosse, G. Cecchin, D. Derouet, K. Dusek, F. Epaillar, T. Higashimura, J. Kratochvila, G. Legeay, M. Lesna, T. Masuda, J. Mejzlik, L. Noristi, and J.-C. Soutif, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1986, 240 pp (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 304-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140250708
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  • 194
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    Electronic Resource
    Exploratory ring-opening polymerization. XIV. Synthesis of 2-vinylthiepane-1,1-dioxide and its ring-opening polymerization (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 309-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140250801
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  • 195
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    Electronic Resource
    A kinetic model for the degradation of polypropylene (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 313-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140250802
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  • 196
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    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms of ionic polymerization (current problems), by B. L. Erusalimskii, Plenum, New York, 1986, 306 pp. Price: $89.50 (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 359-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140250809
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  • 197
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    Electronic Resource
    Polymers derived from bis(4-hydroxyphthalimide)s, I preparation and properties of bis(4-hydroxyphthalimide)s (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 377-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140250904
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  • 198
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    Electronic Resource
    Polymer characterization by liquid chromatography, by G. Glockner, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1986, 568 pp. Price: $109.25 (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 399-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140250909
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  • 199
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    Electronic Resource
    The synthesis and characterization of the first soluble, high molecular weight, substituted poly(diphenylsilane) homopolymers (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 321-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140250803
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  • 200
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    Enhanced radical reactivity by supplying a physicomechanical action on unique plasma-polymerized ultrathin films (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 339-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140250806
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