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  • Electronic Resource  (566)
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  • 1975-1979  (566)
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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (566)
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  • Electronic Resource  (566)
  • E-Resource
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  • 2010-2014
  • 1975-1979  (566)
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 31-35 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A method for the conversion of X-ray intensities to composition is given. The method is based on the Lachance-Traill equation which uses empirical inter-element correction coefficients. The coefficients are treated as ‘sliding constants’ the values of which depend on the relative concentrations of the analyte and the interfering elements. Values for the coefficients are calculated over wide concentration ranges using the theoretical equations of Sherman. The calculated coefficients are adjusted empirically to achieve high accuracy.Only the measured X-ray intensities from the sample and a single standard are required for an analysis. Final results are obtained by solving a set of simultaneous linear equations. Results of analyses of high alloy steels containing Cr, Ni, Mn, Mo, Cu, Si, Ti, Cb and Fe are given to illustrate the accuracy of the method.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 36-40 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Depth distributions of X-ray production by electrons in the energy range of six to fifteen key have been measured for Si and Cu characteristic X-rays in matrices of Al, Ni, Ag and Au. Corrections from these curves show that the modified Philibert absorption correction predicts the wrong dependence on matrix atomic number at these low electron energies, while the Duncomb and Reed atomic number correction shows too strong a dependence on atomic number. The curves should be valuable for comparison with both theoretical and empirical models for quantitative analysis at low energies.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 92-92 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ammonium acid phthalate crystals are observed to deteriorate in a high vacuum environment and to decrease in reflectivity.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 115-115 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 104-114 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spectral distributions of X-rays generated by a General Electric EA 75 Cr/W dual target X-ray tube have been measured using exciting voltages of 20, 30, 40 45 and 50 kV c.p. A carefully characterized and previously described lithium-drifted silicon detector was used and corrections were applied for second order effects in the detection system and for detector efficiency. Relative errors are believed to be of the order of 1% over most of the range covered (4-50 ke V), increasing to about 10% over the lower range of photon energies (2.5-4 ke V). Although the resolution of the detector is limited, it was nevertheless possible by computation to separate groups of characteristic spectral lines from continua and to determine self-absorption jump ratios in these continua. Spectral distributions obtained using chromium and tungsten targets are compared with earlier data of Birks and his collaborators and with the forms of continua predicted by Kulenkampff's equation. Agreement is only fair. The experimental method employed for studying spectral distributions is believed to be the most accurate and reliable now available and is particularly convenient in terms of the rapidity with which distributions can be measured. Further work is required to remove remaining uncertainties concerning the generation of X-rays at thick targets.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 93-103 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A detailed study of the performance of a silicon detector system is reported, with emphasis on the feasibility of using such a system for accurate quantitative analysis of X-ray spectra covering a wide range of photon energies (2.5-50 ke V). Calibration of efficiency, with an accuracy of ± 0.1% over most of this range, is described. Second order effects in the detection system have been characterized quantitatively, including escape peaks, pulses due to Compton recoil electrons, pulses whose energies are reduced because of incomplete charge collection and sum pulses. This information has been used to devise programs that permit accurate correction of spectra as recorded in a multi-channel analyzer. Corrections are made for the following factors in turn; sum pulses, the second order effects enumerated above and detector efficiency. An analysis of the formation and distribution of sum pulses that represent close coincidences not resolved and eliminated by the pulse pile-up rejector is given in an Appendix. Methods are described for removing sum counts, including ‘mixed’ sum counts, from spectra. The removal of these counts reduces the overall count but results in essentially undistorted representations of spectra as they would be recorded in a system having infinitesimal dead-time. Some recommendations are made for improving the design of silicon detectors for quantitative spectral analysis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. A13 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 142-148 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The empirical determination of the correction coefficients makes it possible to include into their values all actual changes in the measuring technique which affect the correction. It is neither necessary nor favourable to use all matrix elements for the correction. Therefore, selection criteria are given which allow arrangement of the matrix elements according to their importance to the correction.The correction strategy is described with the aid of two practical examples: a good agreement is found between theory and practice.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 169-171 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optimum energy window widths are derived using random counting statistics for use in quantitative energy dispersive analysis over a wide range of peak-to-background ratios. It is shown that a peak energy window width equal to the full width as half maximum gives good results for most practical cases.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 172-174 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Analysis of dissolved elements in fresh water at concentrations from parts per billion to the high parts per million range can be carried out using 200-500 ml sampling volumes. Preconcentration using ion-exchange resin-loaded filter papers is automatically and quickly carried out and the prepared and dried filters analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis. Excitation by a filtered low power tube, subtraction of a blank filter paper spectrum, automatic computer stripping of peak overlaps and removal of spectrum background gives net elemental counts that can be used with linear calibration curves to directly obtain concentration values. The system and approach readily lend themselves to laboratory use as well as unattended operation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 154-168 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The bremsstrahlung spectrum from a thick specimen bombarded with 20 ke V electrons is studied with emphasis on the shape rather than the absolute intensity in the energy range 1-10 keV. Monte Carlo calculations are described in detail and used to compare the absorption corrections for characteristic and continuous (bremsstrahlung) radiation from a thick specimen and to determine the extent to which anisotropy modifies the intensity distribution of the continuum. The absorption corrections are found to differ by roughly 5% for f(χ) = 0.5 and 10% for f(χ) = 0.2, but it is shown that the ratio of the corrections can be predicted by using the ratio of two Philibert-type formulae. Anisotropy has little influence on the absorption correction but changes in atomic number or geometry may result in the intensity distribution being altered by typically 5-10% across the energy range 1-10keV. Numerical integration gives values for the generated brems-strahlung intensity which are used in constructing an expression to represent the functional form of the background. Although experimental spectra confirm this to be superior to the combination of Kramers' law and a characteristic absorption expression, several sources of error at low energies, including bremsstrahlung from the Be window, are pointed out and improvements suggested. In order to eliminate the principal uncertainty, that of the overall efficiency curve for a Si(Li) detector and pulse-processor, it is recommended that a stored spectrum be used as a ‘background standard’ for explicit background corrections. Errors are then reduced to the 0.1% absolute concentration level, which is suitable for quantitative analysis.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 180-187 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Control systems for a Geoscan microprobe based on a minicomputer with a core of 4 K of 16-bit words and for a Japan Electron Optics Laboratory JEOL JXA-50 with a minicomputer having 16 K words are described in general terms. Similar analysis strategies are used in both systems, but the Geoscan software operates on a ‘stand-alone basis’ while that for the JXA-50 is based on a modified version of an Interdata operating system, supporting an interactive program for flexible operator control of the probe. Lower initial cost and less programming effort were involved in the Geoscan control system, but this is balanced in the larger JXA-50 installation by greater flexibility and ease of operation.The integration of non-dispersive X-ray detector systems with microprobe control systems, the suitability of the software operating system for incorporation of such devices and for extension to digital beam scanning and particle area analysis are also briefly considered.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 113
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 197-199 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Two different methods were used to determine the amount of glass phase in mullite refractory grog. Quantitative X-ray diffractometry with calcium fluoride as an internal standard, was used to determine the amount of the crystalline phases, mullite and α-corundum. The amount of glass phase was calculated as the difference from 100%. The other method used the scanning electron microscope, equipped with an energy-dispersive detector. Samples consisting of polished sections were analysed both in the scanning mode and with the spot situated in the glass phase. The bulk chemical composition and the chemical composition of the glass phase thus found, was used to calculate the amount of glass phase in the samples. Agreement within the estimated uncertainties of the two methods was achieved with three different samples.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 194-196 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dead time (t) of an X-ray counting system may be readily determined to the nearest 0.4 μs by accurately measuring the counting rate per second (R) for any selected wavelength on two specimens, whose R values differ by a factor of approximately 10, at several tube or specimen currents. The R of the most intense specimen should cover the range up to 6 × 104 counts per second. \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm{t =}}\frac{{{\rm{a}}_{\rm{1}} {\rm{b - ab}}_{\rm{1}}}}{{{\rm{ab (a}}_{\rm{1}} {\rm{- b}}_{\rm{1}} {\rm{) - a}}_{\rm{1}} {\rm{b}}_{\rm{1}} {\rm{(a - b)}}}}, $$\end{document} where a and b are the R values of the two specimens at one current, and a1 and b1 the R values of the same specimens at another. The average t is determined from as many current pairs as possible. All counting rates (R) are thereafter corrected by the equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ R_ \circ = \frac{R}{{1.0 - tR}}, $$\end{document} where R0 is the true and R the measured rates per second. R should not exceed about 6 × 104.For energy-dispersive detectors, the R values of Kα and Kβ peaks may be used from a single specimen and substituted for a and b in the above equation to obtain t.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 200-203 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The calculation and use of spectrometer-dependent variables for use in calibration equations converting X-ray intensities to concentrations are described. The variables correct for changes in both sensitivity and background, allow common calibration equations to be used for two spectrometers and obviate the need for recalibration.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 116
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. A13 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
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  • 117
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. A15 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
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  • 118
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 49-54 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: With special reference to the X-ray fluorescence analysis of aerosol samples, two problems are treated. These are, first, a simple method of preparing standards on filter paper disks (it consists of applying drops of one microlitre of solutions in an exact point raster) and second, the influence of absorption and scattering by the filter paper matrix and the aerosol layer. It is suggested to use one-layer and three-layer sample arrangements to gain corrective terms of the matrix and particle size effects.
    Notes: Zwei bei der Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse von Aerosol-präparaten auftretende Probleme werden behandelt: (1) eine einfache und genaue Methode zur Herstellung von Eichpräparaten. Es wird vorgeschlagen, definierte Lösungstropfen in einem exakten Punktmuster auf Filterpapier aufzubringen. (2) Die Korrektur der Streu- und Absorptionseffekte des Filters und der abgeschiedenen Schwebstoffe. Die aus Messungen in Einfach- und Dreifach-Filterpaketen gewinnbaren Korrekturterme werden am Beispiel des erfahrungsgemäß kritischen Elements Calzium dargestellt.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 119
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 41-48 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Between adjacent major element absorption edges, background intensities at differing wavelength positions were found to be related linearly. Also, background intensity at any position is linearly related to the reciprocal of the mass absorption coefficient for any wavelength between the absorption edges.The method presented here allows for the determination of background, as well as mass absorption coefficient, by a single measurement at an interference-free background position (which can be the Compton scatter ‘peak’). If the mass absorption coefficient is already known, backgrounds may be calculated directly.Tests on geological materials show that, while not as accurate as conventional methods of background determination, relative accuracies of two to five percent are obtainable with a very considerable saving in time, since intensity at only one background position need be measured. Use of low dispersion high reflectivity analysing crystals, e.g. LiF(200), is possible because it is no longer necessary to attain interference-free background positions between peaks.Furthermore, the method is ideally suited to the determination of background intensities in energy dispersive systems where spectral resolution is a problem and in multi-channel units where only one channel need be used for the determination of both mass absorption coefficient and backgrounds for a group of trace elements.The method has been used in the low cost determination of trace elements in large numbers of geochemical prospecting samples.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 120
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. A16 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
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  • 121
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 137-141 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A laboratory minicomputer has been interfaced to both a wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and an energy dispersive Si(Li) X-ray detector system. In the former mode of operation, the computer is used as a controller for the setting of the goniometer, initiation of count cycle and data acquisition. In the second case, the computer serves as a substitute for the conventional multi-channel analyzer, acquiring spectral information from an ADC associated with the energy dispersive detector. In both modes of operation, data obtained may be displayed on either an oscilloscope or X-Y recorder. All data obtained can also be transferred to cassette storage for subsequent retrieval and data reduction in higher level programming languages such as BASIC or FORTRAN.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 122
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 5 (1976), S. 149-153 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: As a consequence of our previous study of equivalent wavelength variations, the so called equivalence relationship between absorbers allows a ready calculation of the influence coefficients of any absorbing element simply from the knowledge of the situation with one particular element. This simple procedure is discussed and then illustrated using the case of iron fluorescence as an example. It is considered particularly advantageous when practising accurate experimental calibration because it yields effective influence coefficients, i.e. that coefficient variation, as well as the particular geometry and spectral intensity distribution of the equipment being used are automatically accounted for. In addition, this method is liable to save much time and notably simplify the requirements for standards.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 123
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 224-225 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H n.m.r. spectra of some derivatives of oxonic acid are described which augment the evidence that oxonic acid has a 6-membered ring structure and indicate that allantoxaidin exists predominantly in its monoenolic form.
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  • 124
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976) 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 125
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 13C n.m.r. spectra twelve isocyanides, RNC, and their Cu(I) complexes, Cu(RNC)4BF4, were recorded in the solvents CDCl3 and DMSO. The resonances of the isocyano carbon, C0, could be observed for both free and coordinated isocyanides. In the spectra of the complexes this C0 resonance was present as a broad line. For some complexes the 14N—13C0 coupling could only be detected after heating the sample or by adding small amounts (〈7 mo1%) of Cu(CH3CN)4BF4. For the remaining complexes neither J(14N—13C0) nor J(14N—13C1), could be detected. No carbon-copper coupling could be detected. The line shape of C0 is discussed in terms of exchange of an isocyanide ligand and in terms of quadrupolar nitrogen and copper relaxation. In most complexes exchange seems to be dominant, whereas in other complexes quadrupolar nitrogen relaxation is also of importance. On coordination of the isocyanide, the C0 resonance shifts upfield (15 to 20 ppm) and J(14N—13C0) shows a threefold increase. The upfield shift is associated with a larger excitation energy while the increase of J(14N—13C0) is ascribed to a larger effective nuclear charge on C0. The chemical shifts of the α-carbon, the β-carbon and the solvent effect on all n.m.r. parameters in both free and coordinated isocyanides are also discussed.
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  • 126
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 226-227 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C n.m.r. spectra of some substituted isoxazoles have been examined to ascertain the reactive site in the metallation of 4-substituted 3,5-dimethylisoxazoles. The results obtained indicate that metallation occurred exclusively at the C-5 methyl.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 127
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 228-228 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Typical sets of values for vicinal gauche coupling constants are given, allowing configurational predications in pyranose chairs.
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  • 128
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. A7 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 129
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 130
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. A8 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 131
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 229-232 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C n.m.r. spectra have been measured for thirty-two polychloroalkenes including (i) monosubstituted compounds CH2=CHCClnH2-nX, where —X stands for —H, —Cl, alkyl, and trisubstituted alkenes CCl2=CHAlk, none of which form geometric isomers; (ii) disubstituted compounds RCH=CHR′; (iii) and (iv) trisubstituted compounds of the types RCCl=CHR′ and CHCl=CClR, respectively. Compounds (ii) to (iv) represent either individual isomers or mixtures of the Z and E forms. In the case of compounds (ii) and (iii), the ordering of chemical shifts is δE 〉 δZ for the sp2-carbon atoms and δE 〈 δz for the adjacent tetrahedral ones. On the contrary, the signals of the sp2-carbon atoms of compounds (iv) obey the rule δE 〈 δz. The effect of vinyl and allyl groups as substituents on the 13C chemical shifts of chlorine-containing groups is discussed. The dependence of the sp2-carbon spin-spin coupling constants J(13C—1H) on the number of chlorinated substituents in the molecule is also considered.
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  • 132
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 277-278 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photo CIDNP is a new tool for the elucidation of photoreaction mechanisms. In many cases, the difficulty is to bring maximum light intensity to the detection probe. In this paper, we report how we have modified the probe of a C 60 HL spectrometer in order to study photochemical reactions of acridine with alcohols and ethers.
    Notes: La photo CIDNP est une technique nouvelle permettant d'élucider le mécanisme de réactions photochimiques. Dans la majorité des cas, le problème principal pour sa mise en oeuvre est d'amener suffisamment d'énergie lumineuse au niveau de la sonde de détection.Nous relations ici les modifications que nous avons apporté à la sonde d'un spectromètre JEOL C 60 HL de façon à pouvoir étudier les réactions photochimiques de l'acridine dans les alcools et les éthers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 133
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976) 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 134
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The peri effect induced by the phenyl group has been studied in the anthracene series by means of 1H and 13C n.m.r. The chemical shifts of overcrowded protons can be explained by a combination of magnetic anisotropy and steric effects. Steric contributions amount to c. 25% of the phenyl induced shift at the peri position. Amongst published ring-current theories, only the model of Johnson and Bovey is capable of describing correctly the shielding region of the phenyl group. The unexpected shieldings and deshieldings, observed by 13C n.m.r. in the case of very hindered derivatives, is probably due to distortions of the anthracene skeleton.
    Notes: Les conséquences en RMN 1H et 13C de l'effet péri induit par un phényle ont été étudiées en série anthracénique. On a pu montrer que les contributions stériques s'élevaient à 25% de l'effet total. Le modèle de Johnson et Bovey est susceptible de décrire correctement la zone de blindage du phényle seul. En RMN 13C, les blindages et déblindages inattendus observés chez les dérivés très encombrés sont probablement liés à des distorsions du squelette anthracénique.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 135
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The electronic influence of substituents on the free enthalpy of rotation around the N—B bond in aminoboranes was investigated in two series of compounds: (a) (CH3)2N=BCl (phenyl-p-X), containing the para-phenyl substituent at the boron atom, and (b) (p-X-phenyl)CH3N=B(CH3)2, containing the para-phenyl substituent at the nitrogen atom of the N—B linkage (X = —NR2, —OCH3, —C(CH3)3, —Si(CH3)3, —H, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CF3 and —NO2). By comparing the rotational barriers in corresponding compounds of both series, a reverse effect of the substituents could be observed.Electron-withdrawing substituents in the para position of the phenyl ring increase the ΔGc≠ if the phenyl group is attached to the boron atom; on the other hand, a lower ΔGc≠ is observed if the phenyl ring is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the N—B system. Substitution of the phenyl ring with electron-donating substituents in the paraposition exerts the opposite effect. Within each series of compounds, the differences of ΔGc≠ values [δ(ΔGc≠) = ΔGc≠ (X) - ΔGc≠ (X = H)] between substituted and unsubstituted compounds can be explained in terms of inductive and mesomeric effects of the ring substituents and can be correlated with the Hammett σ constant of each substituent.A comparison of the slopes of the plotted lines shows that the influence of the ring substituents is more pronounced in compounds with N-phenyl-p-X than in those with B-phenyl-p-X.
    Notes: Um den elektronischen Einfluß von Substituenten auf die freie Aktivierungsenthalpie der Rotation um die N—B-Bindung in Aminoboranen zu studieren, synthetisierten wir zwei Reihen von Verbindungen: (a) (CH3)2=BCl(Phenyl-p-X) mit para-Phenylsubstituenten am Boratom und (b) (p-X-Phenyl)CH3N—B(CH3)2 mit para-Phenylsubstituenten am Stickstoffatom der N—B-Bindung (X = —NR2, —OCH3, —C(CH3)3, —Si(CH3)3, —H, —F, —Cl, —Br, —J, —CF3 und —NO2). Beim Vergleich der Rotationsbarrieren entsprechender Verbindungen beider Reihen ist ein entgegengesetzter Effekt des Substituenteneinflusses festzustellen:Elektronenziehende p-Phenylsubstituenten erhöhen ΔGc≠, wenn der Phenylkern am Bor steht, senken ΔGc≠ jedoch, wenn er am Stickstoff der N—B-Bindung gebunden ist. Elektronenspendende p-Phenylsubstituenten zeigen das entgegengesetzte Verhalten.Die Unterschiede der ΔGc≠-Werte von substituierten und unsubstituierten Verbindungen [δ(ΔGc≠) = ΔGc≠(X) - ΔGc≠(X = H)] innerhalb jeder Reihe lassen sich gut mit den Hammett'schen σ-Konstanten der entsprechenden Substituenten korrelieren, d.h. mit Hilfe induktiver und mesomerer Substituenteneinflüsse erklären.Ein Vergleich der Steigungen der Korrelationsgeraden zeigt, daß diese Substituenteneinflüsse bei Verbindungen mit N-Phenyl-p-X wesentlich stärker sind als bei solchen mit B-Phenyl-p-X.
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  • 136
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 308-309 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complete labeling pattern of ergosterol isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown with [1-13C] acetate is detailed and the results of this study have led to a reassignment of carbons 5, 8, 12, 16, 22 and 23 in the 13C n.m.r. spectrum of ergosterol.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 137
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The 13C FT n.m.r. spectra of some exo- and endo-dihydro- and tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene-9,10-diols(exo/exo or endo/endo) are studied and the chemical shifts of the C-atoms are assigned by application of Eu(fod)3 paramagnetic shift investigations and additional chemical shift parameters. Thus relatively strong γ-effects up to 12,8 ppm were observed for the C-atoms 4, 5, 7, 9, 10 and 1, 3, dependent on the exo/endo configuration of the OH-groups and the attached 5-ring, giving an interesting insight into the gemetry of these norbornane systems.
    Notes: Die 13C-FT-NMR-Spektren einer Reihe von exo- bzw. endo-Dihydro- und Tetrahydrodicyclopentadien-9, 10-diolen (exo/exo bzw. endo/endo) werden aufgezeigt und die einzelnen chemischen Verschiebungen unter Verwendung von Eu(fod)3- Verschiebungsversuchen bzw. additiver Inkrementberechnung zugeordnet. Dabei werden besonders für die C-Atome 4, 5, 7, 9. 10 und 1, 3 in Abhängigkeit von der exo/endo-Stellung des angeknüpften 5-Ringes bzw. der OH-Gruppen am Norbornangerüst relativ starke γ-Effekte bis 12,8 ppm beobachtet, die einen interessanten Einblick in die Geometrie dieser Norboran-Systeme geben.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 138
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The n.m.r. spectra of some 1,2,2-trisubstituted cyclopropanes are reported. Coupling constants and chemical shifts of the cyclopropane protons and their dependence on substituent effects are discussed. Conformations of benzylcyclopropane derivatives are investigated by long range magnetic shielding. The concentration dependence of the n.m.r. spectra of some 1,3-diols is explained by inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 139
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Significant variations of thiapyrylium chemical shifts, by comparison with their thienohomologues, are shown by 1H n.m.r. spectra of furo[3,2-c]thiapyrylium and furo[2,3-c]thiapyrylium perchlorates. The observed changes can be ascribed to a different distribution of the electron charge (mainly caused by participation of the 3d orbitals of sulphur in the thienohomologues) and to a different contribution of the ring current; this is shown by MO calculations performed by the CNDO/2 and the coupled Hartree-Fock methods, respectively.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 140
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976) 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 141
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 350-353 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 15N chemical shifts were measured in a series of anilinium fluorosulfonate salts and compared with chemical shift data from a comparable series of 15N-enriched aniline derivatives. A smaller overall range of nitrogen chemical shifts was observed for the protonated aniline series compared with that for the unprotonated anilines and is attributed to the elimination of nitrogen lone pair delocalization in the former series. Further-more, it was found that the range of nitrogen chemical shifts in the protonated anilines is determined primarily by substituent electronic effects from the ortho ring position with almost negligible contributions from the para position.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 142
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The temperature dependence of the geminal H,H coupling constant in solutions of α-chloroacetophenone, α-bromoacetophenone, 1-bromo-3-chloro-1-phenylpropan-2-one and 1,3-dibromo-1-phenylpropan-2-one has been determined at temperatures between 230 and 404 K. The values indicate that in the chloromethyl ketones the conformer with halogen and oxygen eclipsed is favored over that with hydrogen and oxygen eclipsed, while in the bromomethyl ketones the two conformers are of more nearly equal energy. The use of geminal coupling constants to indicate conformational preferences in substituted ketones appears promising.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 143
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 384-386 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 1H n.m.r. spectra of doubly 15N labelled urea and 1,3-dimethylurea have been analysed with the aid of computer simulation. 1H—1H, 1H—15N, 15N—15N and 13C—15N (from 13C Ft spectra) couplings are reported.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 144
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. A5 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 145
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. A8 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 146
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The 1H n.m.r. spectra of some derivatives of 4-methyl (or 4-phenyl) 1,3,2-dioxa- and 1,3,2-dithiaphospholanes are analysed. The configurational study of the compounds has been investigated. The torsional angle of the C4—C5 fragment is calculated and the ring conformation in solution is discussed.
    Notes: Les spectres de RMN du proton d'une série de dérivés des méthyl-4 (ou phényl-4) dioxa- et dithiaphospholanes-1,3,2 sont analysés. La configuration de ces composés est précisée. L'angle de torsion de la liaison C4—C5 est calculée et la conformation du cycle à l'état dissous est proposée.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 147
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The 1H n.m.r. spectra of some new 1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinanes are analysed. The stereochemistry and the ring conformation is discussed. The free energy and the torsional angle of the C-4—C-5 and C-5—C-6 fragments are calculated for some of these 1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinanes.
    Notes: Les spectres de RMN du proton de quelques nouveaux oxazaphosphorinanes-1,3,2 sont analysés. La stéréochimie et la conformation du cycle sont précisées. La valeur de l'enthalpie libre conformationnelle et de l'angle de torsion des liaisons C-4—C-5 et C-5—C-6 est calculée pour quelques uns de ces oxazaphosphorinanes-1,3,2.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 148
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 413-418 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 13C n.m.r. spectra of some dimeric Catharanthus alkaloids are reported and assigned. Methods devised to aid in the assignment of resonances in complex molecules are described. The 13C n.m.r. spectra of several derivatives of vinblastine are discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 149
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 436-437 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The intermolecular Overhauser effect {1H}—13C is studied on two binary systems chloroform/carbon disulfide and chloroform/acetone. Some comments are made concerning the use of these measurements for the study of intermolecular interactions in solution.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 150
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 438-438 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 15N13C coupling constants in 15N labelled azaadamantane have been measured and interpreted in terms of their conformational dependence as compared with 15N-quinuclidine.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 151
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. A5 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 152
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 444-448 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1H and 13C spectra of mono-and disubstituted (benzene)-tricarbonylchromium complexes have been analysed. The influence of the substituents is discussed and special attention is paid to the diastereotopy resulting from different types of chirality. The racemic pseudosymmetric isomer and the two meso pseudoasymmetric isomers of the glycols (OC)3CrC6H4(CHOHCH3)2 are compared. The stereochemical requirements are also examined.
    Notes: L'analyse des spectres RMN 1H et 13C d'une série de benchrotrènes mono-et disubstitués a permis de discuter l'influence des substituants et spécialement les diastéréotopies associées à plusieurs types de chiralité. La forme racémique (pseudosymétrique) et les deux formes meso (pseudoasymétriques) des glycols (OC)3CrC6H4(CHOHCH3)2 sont comparées. Les implications stéréochimiques des résultats sont examinées.
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  • 153
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 449-452 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The influence of incorporating an group, an oxygen atom and the fragment in a saturated 7-membered ring system on carbon-13 n.m.r. chemical shifts is examined, and also, the influence of the dioxolane ring moiety on the 13C chemical shifts in these ring systems. Substituent effects are generally additive except in cases where the ring is heavily substituted with methyl groups. A large upfield steric shift (γ effect) of 7-8 ppm is observed in two of the derivatives. An example of long range nonequivalence is also observed. Assignments of the 13C n.m.r. spectra have been made by comparison with model compounds, and from proton coupled 13C n.m.r. spectra. The synthesis of several new compounds is described.
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  • 154
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 426-431 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An extensive carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance study of selected model olefins dissolved in deuteriochloroform has been carried out under standardized conditions. Assignments of the chemical shifts have been made. The influence of the nature of the solvent and the effect of changing the concentration of the solute have been investigated. The results are intended to provide a practical aid for the analysis of olefinic materials.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 155
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the use of a shift reagent as an aid in the structural elucidation of organic compounds, it is shown that accurate measurements of the shift reagent and substrate concentrations are not needed to determine the relative bound shifts of the substrate and the chemical shifts of the free substrate spectrum with good precision. This is possible whenever the induced shift ratios of nuclei of a given molecule are independent of the shift reagent concentration. This independence has been verified for all the monofunctional compounds described in this paper. The effect of absolute substrate concentration, solvent, temperature and the presence of water on the relative bound shifts is studied using the eight methyl group signals of β-amyrin. The method is demonstrated by its use for structural determinations in the ketoandrostane series.
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  • 156
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The chemical shifts induced by Eu(fod)3 in several series of 6-membered cyclic sulfites give the parameters Kc and ΔSR of the complexation equilibrium for an assumed 1:1 stoicheiometry. The equilibrium constant Kc decreases with increasing bulk of the C-4 and C-6 substituents and polarity of the C-5 substituent, which corresponds to the increase of the i.r. stretching frequency vS=O. Thus axial S=O will be more tightly complexed than equatorial S=O. It can be predicted that when a conformational equilibrium exists without shift reagent, displacement towards an axial S=O form will occur with the reagent. Use of the ΔSR pseudocontact equation confirms the following: (i) ax S=O chair forms are stabilized; (ii) eq S=O chairs with two eq C-4 and C-6 substituents show an equilibrium with a few percent of the ax S=O flexible conformation, particularly in the absence of an ax C-5 substituent; (iii) twist forms with a 2-5 axis, intermediate S=O and trans-4, 6-di-tert-Bu substituents give a boat form with O at the prow and ax S=O; (iv) the conformational equilibrium of trans-5-tert-butyl-2-oxo-1, 3, 2-dioxathiane (chair with ax tert-Bu and S=O ⋍ 70%) is completely displaced towards that form; (v) cis-4,4,6-trimethyl-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxathiane, which exists as an equilibrium in which the three types of S=O occur, is complexed essentially in the twist form with a 1-4 axis and ax S=O. Most of these results are supported by the coupling constants analysis for the ratio R0/S0 = 1.
    Notes: Les déplacements chimiques induits par Eu(fod)3 sur plusieurs séries de sulfites cycliques à six chaînons permettent de déterminer les paramètres Kc et ΔSR de l'équilibre de complexation pour une stoechiométrie supposée 1:1. La constante d'équilibre apparente Kc décroît lorsque la substitution en 4 et 6 et la polarité du substituant en 5 augmentent en relation avec une augmentation de la fréquence d'élongation vS=O en infrarouge. Ainsi, le groupe S=O ax s'associera plus fortement que S=O éq. Lorsqu'un équilibre conformationnel existe en l'absence de réactif lanthanidique, on peut prévoir qu'il évoluera avec lui vers une forme à S=O ax. L'exploitation des ΔSR à l'aide de l'équation de pseudocontact confirme ces prévisions: (i) les formes chaises à S=O ax sont stabilisées; (ii) les chaises à S=O éq avec deux substituants éq en 4 et 6 présentent un équilibre avec quelques pourcents de conformation flexible à S=O ax, surtout en l'absence de substituant ax en 5; (iii) les formes croisées d'axe 2-5 à S=O intermédiaire et t-Bu trans en 4 et 6 évoluent vers un bateau à O en proue et S=O ax; (iv) le t-Bu-5 oxo-2 dioxathianne-1,3,2 trans, chaise à t-Bu et S=O axiaux pour ⋍70%, a son équilibre conformationnel complètement déplacé vers cette forme; (v) le triméthyl-4,4,6 oxo-2 dioxathianne-1,3,2, cis, équilibre où interviennent les trois types de S=O, s'associe essentiellement en conformation croisée d'axe 1-4 et à groupe S=O ax. La plupart de ces résultats ont été étayés par l'analyse des constantes de couplage pour le rapport R0/S0 = 1.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. A5 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 489-499 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Finite perturbation calculations using CNDO/2 wave functions are presented for the determination of 31P—13C and 31P—1H couplings. The calculations were carried out on 46 molecules and a comparison with experimental values is given. The groups of compounds considered were phosphonium cations, phosphine oxides, alkylidenephosphoranes, phosphine sulfides, phosphoranes and phosphines. With the exception of phosphines, the finite perturbation approach reproduces the experimental couplings with fair accuracy. It is found that there is a good correlation with the calculated 1J(P, C) and the phosphorus 3s-carbon 2s bond orders for tetra- and pentavalent phosphorus compounds. This lends support to the growing body of evidence for the direct relationship of the magnitude of 1J(P, C) and percent s character in the hybrid orbital on the carbon comprising the P—C bond. The finite perturbation technique was also used to explore the effects of geometrical changes on P—C and P—H couplings. Finally, the effect of deleting d orbitals on phosphorus is discussed briefly.
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  • 159
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 160
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 5-10 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Carbon-13 chemical shifts of all twenty-two dimethylcyclohexanols, formed by the hydrogenation of isomeric xylenols, have been measured and assigned. Conformational peculiarities of dimethylcyclohexanols are discussed on the basis of their carbon-13 chemical shifts.
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  • 161
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The 1H NMR spectra of a series of cis and trans-3R,4 X-cyclohexanones (-2,2,6,6-d4) are analysed. By comparison of their 3J coupling constants with those of cyclohexane homologues we obtain information about the chair-chair equilibrium constants for R = CH3, X = CN, the chair structure of cis isomers with an equatorial t-butyl group, and a conformational heterogeneity with trans (CH3)3C and CN groups. This latter situation is analysed by means of a simplified but controlled Karplus relationship, on the basis of a mixture of two conformers; this involves a diequatorial chair and a boat form with a dihedral angle Φ34 of about -6°.
    Notes: Les spectres RMN du proton d'une série de R-3 X-4 cyclohexanone (d4-2,2,6,6), cis et trans sons analysés. La comparaison des constantes de couplage vicinales avec celles des homologues cyclohexaniques conduit à préciser les équilibres conformationnels chaise-chaise pour R = CH3, X = CN, la structure chaise des isomères cis avec un groupement t-butyl équatorial et l'existence d'un équilibre conformationnel lorque les groupements (CH3)3C et CN sont trans. Cette dernière situation est analysée au moyen d'une relation de Karplus simplifiée, mais controlée, et dans l'hypothèse d'un mélange de deux conformères. Dans ces conditions, seuls peuvent être impliqués les conformères chaise diéquatorial et bateau (angle dièdre Φ34 de l'ordre de -6°C).
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  • 162
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 163
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 115-116 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We wish to report here the isolation of methyl N-(p-methoxybenzyl)thiocarbamate, a natural product extracted from Pentadiplandra brazzena Bailli, and the synthesis of its homologue, benzyl N-(2-phenylethyl)thiocarbamate. The barrier to internal rotation calculated from a complete lineshape analysis of the temperature dependent 1H n.m.r. spectra is discussed. The extent of delocalization on the three N, S and O substituents on the central trigonal carbon atom is gauged from a double labelling experiment.
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  • 164
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 117-119 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 15N chemical shifts of twenty-four substituted indoles have been determined in natural abundance (in organic solvents) using Fourier transform NMR. The overall chemical shift range is 27 ppm, with groups in the 2-, 3- and 5-ring positions showing the largest substituent effects. Substituents capable of resonance interaction with the indole nitrogen give shifts in the expected directions but they cannot be correlated with known substituent parameters. Compounds measured in DMSO give 0·2 to 10·2 ppm downfield shifts with respect to the same compound measured in CDCl3. 13C NMR data for previously unreported compounds are also reported.
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  • 165
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The isomeric benzeneazodipyrromethene derivatives, obtained from the reaction of bilirubin and a phenyldiazonium salt were separated as their corresponding methyl esters. The lanthanide-induced chemical shifts, coupling constants and double irradiation experiments permit direct assignment of methyl and vinyl substituent positions in these bilirubin-derived isomers.
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  • 166
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 120-125 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 15N-methylaniline, 15N-methylphenylpropargylamine and 15N-methylphenylpropynylamine have been studied. The s character of nitrogen, deduced from 1J(15N—13Csp3) and 1J(15N—13Csp2), indicates that nitrogen hybridisation is intermediate between sp3 and sp2 in 15N-methylaniline and 15N-methylphenylpropargylamine, while nitrogen is sp2 in the α-acetylenic amine. The 1J(15N—13Csp)cou pling constant calculated with the help of Binsch's relation does not agree with the experimental value, suggesting that orbital and dipolar mechanisms make substantial contributions to this coupling constant.
    Notes: Les trois amines 15N-méthylaniline, 15N-méthylphénylpropargylamine et 15N-méthylphénylpropynylamine ont été étudiées par RMN du 1H et 13C. Les grandeurs des couplages 1J(15N—13Csp3) et 1J(15N—13Csp2) indiquent que l'hybridation de l'azote est intermédiaire entre sp3 et sp2 dans le 15N-méthylaniline et la 15N-méthylphénylpropargylamine mais est sp2 dans l'amine α-acétylénique. La valeur du couplage 1J(15N—13Csp), calculée à l'aide de la relation de Binsch, est plus faible que la valeur expérimentale, ce qui suggère que les mécanismes orbitalaire et dipolaire apportent une contribution non négligeable à ce couplage.
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  • 167
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 129-131 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photolysis of symmetric and asymmetric organomercury compounds has been studied by CIDNP. No indications of the existence of RHg· radicals have been found. Depending on the solvent, reactions occur from excited states with different spin multiplicities.
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  • 168
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 132-136 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple formula for evaluation of rates of exchange in paripartite A ⇌ B systems is introduced. It is concerned only with the intensity ratio in a two-site system in much the same way as that of Rogers and Woodbrey, but the new formula is also applicable above the coalescence point of the spectrum. The formula has been applied to the classical case of N,N-dimethyltrichloroacetamide. An error analysis demonstrates that the approximations inherent in the derivation of the new formula lead to smaller errors than do those of Rogers and Woodbrey.
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  • 169
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 180-182 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The carboxyl proton chemical shifts of trimethylacetic acid, which was dissolved in acetone and in binary mixtures of acetone and cyclohexane, have been measured as a function of concentration at temperatures of 0, +15, +30, +45 and +60 °C. The results obtained for the system studied, using the equilibrium constant method for interpretation of experimental data, indicate that the molecular association through hydrogen bonds occurs as a monomer-cyclic dimer-1:1 complex equilibrium process in the low concentration range (up to 0·08 mol fraction). The equilibrium constants of complexation and dimerization, the chemical shifts of the acid in the complex, and the thermodynamic parameters of complexation and dimerization have been calculated.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 219-223 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C n.m.r. pulsed Fourier transform spectra were measured and interpreted for actinomycin D and for two related peptide derivatives: BOC-Pro-Sar-OCH3 and BOC-Sar-Meval-OCH3. Actinomycin D, specifically enriched with 13C in the chromophoric C-methyl and in the peptide N-methyl carbons, was produced biosynthetically. Enrichment of specific N-methyl carbons in the model peptides was effected synthetically. Spectral assignments relied on the use of the enriched samples and particularly on off-resonance and selective low power 1H decoupling experiments. Poor correlation was observed between some of the 13C chemical shifts in the model compounds and those of the analogous carbons in actinomycin D. Ten of our 13C assignments for actinomycin D differ from those published by Hollstein, Breitmaier and Jung.
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  • 171
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976), S. v 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 172
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976), S. 40-43 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The electron-impact and chemical ionisation mass spectra of the arsolanes (CH2)2XYAs—ZR (X, Y and Z = O or S) are compared and the main fragmentation routes given. Electron-impact and chemical ionisation spectra show a dimerisation of the arsolanes.
    Notes: Die Massenspektren der Arsolane (CH2)2XY As—ZR (X, Y und Z= O oder S) bei elektronenstoß- und Chemischer Ionisation werden verglichen und die Haupt-Fragmentierungsreaktionen angegeben. Elektronenstoss-Ionisation- und Chemische-Ionisation-Spektren zeigen eine Dimeerisierung der Arsolane.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976), S. 525-528 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fragments ions involving hydrogen migration from the -COOH group to the olefinic bond in the mass spectra of stilbene-2-carboxylic acid and ortho-carboxylbenzalaniline are discussed.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 175
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976), S. 574-581 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The doubly charged ion mass spectra of anhydropisatin, 4-methoxyanhydropisatin, 3, 8, 9-trimethoxypterocarpen and 3, 4, 8, 9-tetramethoxypterocarpen were determined, and the fragmentation was explained by assuming that the paired electrons were partially localized in the fragmentations and by comparing the spectra with that of 3-(CD3)-anhydropisatin. Conventional mass spectra of these compounds were very simple, but the doubly charged ion spectra were sufficiently characteristic for the reliable identification.
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  • 176
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactivity differences between odd ([M]+) and even electron ions (α-cleavage product) were studied by comparing water elimination mechanisms in 6-undecanol. The compounds specifically labelled with deuterium in positions 6, 5 + 7, 4 + 8 and 3 + 9 were made, and a detailed investigation of tghe metastable ion transitions carried out. A highly specific 1,4 elimination of water without preceding intramolecular hydrogen exchange occurs from [M]+, but equal amounts of 1,3 and 1,4 elimination of water preceded by specific hydrogen exchange between -OH and the hydrocarbon chain occurs from the α-cleavage ion [M - C5H11]+. To make such distinctions a thorough examination of metastable ions is essential.
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  • 177
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The routes leading to the formation of the most prominent fragment ion [C15H19O2]+ (m/e 231) in the cannabinoid Δ1(6) tetrahydrocannabinol were investigated with the aid of deuterium labelled compounds. A previously proposed mechanism for the two-step process could be confirmed, but the mechanism for the one-step route had to be revised.
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  • 178
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976), S. 675-679 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using the stereoisomeric 1,2-dimethyl-4-alkyldecahydroquinol-4-ols and various examples described elsewhere it was shown that there are many cases when decreasing of the electron energy does not lead to an increase in the quantitative differences between the mass spectra of stereoisomers.
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  • 179
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ion cyclotron resonance results show that the ions formed by single and by double McLafferty rearrangement in 2-ethyl-5-propylcyclopentanone have neither keto nor enol structures. Collision-induced dissociations confirm that these ions are structurally distinct from the keto ions formed directly by electron impact upon the corresponding neutral molecules. It is suggested that the major reaction path for olefin loss from 2-ethyl-5-propylcyclopentanone and from 2-ethylcyclopentanone involves ring opening followed by hydrogen transfer to carbon in the alkene elimination step. Only in metastable ions is there evidence for the occurrence of the normal McLafferty rearrangement. The techniques mentioned in the title, together with conventional low and high resolution mass spectrometry, have been used to characterize the sometimes complex mixtures of cyclic and acyclic ions formed from cyclopentanone and some of its alkyl derivatives. Use of a number of different techniques of ion structure characterization allowed corroboration of particular results by quite distinct methods and it also allowed the effects of ion internal energy and lifetime upon structure to be partly elucidated.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976), S. 762-772 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The site of protonation of a substituted benzene may be determined using chemical onization mass spectrometry with D2O as a reagent gas. The observation of extensive exchange of the ring hydrogens for deuteriums is linked to protonation on the benzene ring. The lack of this exchange coupled with the formation of cluster ions (the association of the protonated species with one or more D2O molecules) is evidence of protonation on the substituent rather than the ring. Aniline, benzaldehyde and nitrobenzene are observed to protonate at the substituent while toluene, bromobenzene, biphenyl and iodobenzene protonate on the ring. The dimethylbenzenes protonate on the ring while the diaminobenzenes protonate at one of the substituents. The dihydroxybenzenes, as well as a number of other compounds in which an oxygen is attached directly to the ring, protonate predominantly at the substituent although a small amount of exchange of one ring hydrogen is observed.
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  • 181
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 182
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The mass spectra of 2-aryl-4-alkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-5-ones and their 2-aryl-5-alkoxy 1,3,4-oxadiazole isomers have been studied. Unimolecular electron impact-induced isomerization does not seem to occur during the fragmentation of these compounds. For each type of heterocycle, the hydrogen transfers, during the cleavage of the alkyl chain, are mainly caused by the nitrogen in position 4.
    Notes: Les spectres de masse des aryl-2 alkyl-4 oxadiazol-1,3,4 ones-5 et de leurs isoméres aryl-2 alcoxy-5 oxadiazoles-1,3,4 ont été étudiés. La fragmentation de ces composés ne semble pas faire intervenir d'isomérisation unimoléculaire d'origine électronique. Pour chaque type d'hétérocycle, les transferts d'hydrogéne accompagnant la pete de la chaîne alcoylée sont principalement induits par l'azote 4.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976), S. 752-761 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The mass spectra of s-triazolo[4,3-b]-, -[3,4-c]- and -[3,2-c]as-triazine-7-ones and their N-methyl derivatives are described. The elucidation of fragmentation pathways is made easy by observation of the changes in m/e values on changing position of the methyl substitution. In all cases a triazine ring fragmentation with initial loss of CO, RCN or RCNCO was observed. This result is characteristic of the different isomeric structures of triazolotriazine-7-ones. The comparison of the spectra of these compounds with those of their N-methyl derivatives shows the occurence of a tautomeric equilibrium, as found from u.v. spectroscopy.
    Notes: Les fragmentations principales de s-triazolo[4,3-b]-, [3,4-c]- et -[3,2-c]-as triazinones ainsi que celles de leurs dérivés N-méthylés ont été élucidées grâe á l'étude des spectres de masse des différents composés mono, di-et triméthylés. Dans tous les cas nous avons observé en premier lieu uniquement la dèradation du cycle triazine qui expulse CO, RCN ou RCN CO selon la structure isomére des triazolo-triazinones. La comparaison des specres de ces composés avec ceux de leurs dérivés N-méthylés de structure fixe permet de préciser la participation de chaque forme á l'équilibre tautomére.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976) 
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976), S. 873-880 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The mass spectra of the title compounds point to rupture of S—C-2 and N—C-4 bonds as being the dominant reaction under electron impact. 13C labelling of a selected position of the ring allows some fragmentation pathways to be confirmed.
    Notes: Les spectres de masse des composés étudiés montrent que la processus prinncipal de fragmentation est le méme dans les deux cas: rupture des liaisons S—C-2 et N—C-4 marquage sélectif au carbone 13 en und position du cycle a permis de vérfier les mécanismes de rupture de ces moléules sous l'impact électronique.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976), S. 901-903 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Diagnostic trends have been observed in the electron bombardment mass spectra of certain mono methyl alkanes. These trends can lead to specific identification, via the ratios of certain peaks in the spectra of such isomers as the 2- and 4-methyl alkanes which under normal conditions give very similar spectra.
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  • 187
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976) 
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976), S. 935-949 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The mass spectra of thirty δ-diketones are reported. Their main pathways have been rationalized with the aid of deuterium labelling, metastable ions and high resolution mass measurements. Special attention has been given to ions resulting from the expulsion of neutral molecules such as water preceded, or followed by the loss of ethylene or alkenes. The expulsion may involve an intermediate cyclobutanol ion which would be analogous to the photochemical reaction observed by Yang.
    Notes: La fragmentation de trente -dicétones est reportée. Les principles voies de dèradations ont été rationalisées Les mécanismes proposés s'appuiten sur des composés marqués sélectivement au deutérium, des ions métastables et des mesures exactes de mkassse. A côté des coupures et rérrange ments classiquees l'accent est mis sur l'elimination de molécules neutres: perte d'eau suivie ou précédée de cells d'éthyléne ou d'éthyléne substitué qui ferait intervenir un ion cyclobutanol intermédiaire. Ce rérrangement est á rapprocher du comportement photochimique de ces composés pour lesquels la réction de Yang est observée.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976), S. 995-1001 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectrometric behaviour of 1,6-diaminohexane has been studied with the help of deuterium labelling in every position of the molecule. Extensive intramolecular exchange reactions between the hydrogen atoms of the amino groups and those of the hydrocarbon chain are responsible for the apparent complexity of the fragmentation mode.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 190
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of 30 sulfinamide derivatives (RSONHR', R' alkyl or p-XC6H4) are reported. Most of the spectra had peaks attributable to thermal decomposition products. For some compounds these were identified by pyrolysis under similar conditions to be: RSO2NHR', RSO2SR, RSSR and NH2R' (in all kinds of sulfinyl amides); RSNHR' (in the case of arylsulfinyl arylamides); RSO2C6H4NH2, RSOC6H4NH2 and RSC6H4NH2 (in the case of arylsulfinyl arylamides of the type of X = H)The mass spectra of the three thermally stable compounds showed that there are several kinds of common fragment ions. The mass spectra of the thermally labile compounds had two groups of ions; (i) characteristic fragment ions of the intact molecules and (ii) the molecular ions of the thermal decomposition products. It was concluded that the sulfinamides give the following ions after electron impact: [M]+, [M — R]+, [M — R + H]+, [M — SO]+, [RS]+, [NHR']+, [NHR' + H]+, [RSO]+, [RSO + H]+, [R]+, [R + H]+, [R']+ and [M — OH]+, and that the thermal decomposition products give the following ions: [RSO2SR]+, [RSSR]+, [M — O]+, [M + O]+ and [RSOC6H4NH2]+.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 191
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Low resolution, electron impact mass spectra are tabulated for eleven methylated derivatives of 3,7,9-trioxabicyclo[4·2·1]nonane, 4,7,9-trioxabicyclo[4·2·1]nonane and nine methylated derivatives, and 6-ethyl-3,7,9-trioxabicyclo[4·2·1]nonane. In general, a substantial proportion of the fragmentation subsequent to electron impact can be rationalized according to a few, simple decomposition pathways that are inferred from analysis of mass number shifts caused by changes in substitution; however, major alterations in fragmentation are apparent in a few of these examples, which signals that, for several of the 4,7,9-trioxabicyclo[4·2·1]nonanes, the substituent acts not as an inert label but as a fragmentation-directing group.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 192
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976), S. 1063-1076 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The fragmentation mechanisms of (5α) 3,17-androstanedione have been studied in order to determine whether the deuterium is located at C-4 or C-6. This is possible at low voltage where a peak at m/e 216, arising from a A-ring cleavage allows the determination of isotope distribution between C-4 and C-6.
    Notes: Les fragmentations de al (5α) androstanedione-3,17 ont été étudiées en vue de localiser le deutérium entre les positons 4 et 6. Ceci est possible en basse tension: on trouve un pic à m/e 216, provenant d'une élimination du cycle. A qui permet le dosage de molécules deutériées en 4 et (ou) 6.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 193
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 70 eV negative ion spectra of m- and p-nitrophenyltrimethylsilyl-ethers and -esters show pronounced molecular anions and simple fragmentation patterns. The spectra of the corresponding ortho isomers show peaks produced by rearrangement processes; these reactions have been studied by 2H and 18O labelling. p-Nitrobenzoyl derivatives of amino trimethylsilyl esters are of limited use for characterization of amino acids. Certain of the compounds studied produce a variety of dianions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 194
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Evidence as to the nature of the molecular ions of the title compounds near the ionization thresholds and of their fragmentation processes is presented and discussed. The mode of formation of 5-membered rings, involving the loss of an ortho substituent, is compared and contrasted with the formally similar process reported for the N-dimethyl N'-(o-X-phenyl) formamidines.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 195
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976), S. 1198-1205 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mehanisms for loss of CO from benzaldoxime and acetophenone oxime have been investigated with the aid of both fluorine and deuterium labelling as well as field free region metastable peak shapes. Kinetic evergy release data and the metastable ion abundance raion test were used to obtain information about the product ions. It is proposed that loss of CO from both are generated via the nucleophilic attack of the oxygen lone pair eletrons at the ortho position of the phenyl ring as the first step in the reaction sequence.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 196
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 197
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976), S. 375-382 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The elimination of small neutral fragments from acetyl-, formyl- and ethoxycarbonyl- phenylhydrazines with formation of [C6H8N2]+⋅ ions has been studied. Evidence is obtained from deuterium labelling and from metastable peak intensity ratios, to show that ketene loss from both acetylphenylhydrazines is accompanied (or preceded) by hydrogen transfer to the acylated nitrogen atom to give ions structurally analogous to the phenylhydrazine molecular ion. The decomposing [C6H8N2]+⋅ ions formed from formyl- and ethoxycarbonylphenylhydrazines are also suggested to have a phenylhydrazine-like structure. In the molecular ion of phenylhydrazine interchange occurs between the two ortho hydrogen atoms and two of the three hydrazine hydrogens prior to decomposition; labelling data suggest that the N-1 hydrogen does not participate in the interchange process.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 198
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976), S. 409-414 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The relative rates of competing metastable decompositions of fourteen isomeric C7H14 monoolefins were measured and compared. In every case except one the most important metastable reaction was loss of either CH3 or C2H4, but the rates of these and the other reactions observed varied over a wide range. It was concluded that the molecular ions of these compounds probably do not isomerize to a common structure prior to metastable decay. It was found that a terminal double bond strongly enhances metastable loss of C2H4 and that the additional presence of a 2-methyl substituent favours this reaction still more. Several possible mechanisms for this transition are discussed, but none was found to explain the observed results satisfactorily.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 199
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 200
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976), S. 479-487 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectra of fluorescamine derivatives of seventeen of the naturally occuring amino acids have been studied using electron ionization mass spectrometry. Seven fragmentation processes of fluorophors are proposed and elucidated by accurate mass measurements, stable isotope incorpor-ation and low resolution spectra. Two major pathways contributed most of the predominant peaks in the mass spectra. All fragmentations involve specific rearrangements of the spiro ring, while some lose the amino acid sidechain. Identification of the amino acid is unequivocally established in the low resolution spectra. Loss of one oxygen atom from the dehydrated fluorophors was found for all compounds studied. The site of this loss was determined by incorporation of 18O into the carbonyl groups of fluorescamine.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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