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1

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Pyrrolidone, Capryllactam and Laurolactam as new Monomers for Polyamide FibersFrom a lecture delivered at the meeting of the Plastics and Rubber Section of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker on April 9th, 1962, in Bad Nauheim (Germany). (1962)

Dachs, K. ; Schwartz, E.

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 1 (1962), S. 430-435

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ISSN: 0570-0833

Keywords: Pyrrolidone ; Polyamides ; Fibers ; Lactams ; Polymerization ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: The industrial production of capryllactam (1-azacyclononan-2-one) and of laurolactam (1-azacyclotridecan-2-one) starts with cyclization of acetylene or butadeine to give cyclooctatetraene or cyclooctadiene, or cyclization of butadiene to give cyclododecatriene. Further steps are: oxidation of the cyclic hydrocarbon to the ketone, formation of the oxime, and rearrangement of the latter with sulfuric acid. Pyrrolidone can be prepared from acetylene and formaldehyde by way of butyrolactone. The behavior of the lactams during polycondensation is described and the properties of the resulting fibers are compared with those of the known polyamide fibers.

Additional Material: 2 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196204301

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2

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Isocyanates of Esters of Some Acids of Phosphorus and SilicionDedicated to Prof. Dr. Otto Bayer on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1962)

Holtschmidt, H. ; Oertel, G.

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 1 (1962), S. 617-621

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ISSN: 0570-0833

Keywords: Isocyanates ; Phosphorus ; Silicon ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Several aminoaryl esters of phosphoric and thiophosphoric acids were prepared by the reaction of phosphorus pentahalides with nitrophenols, followed by catalytic hydrogenation, or by treating aminophenols with phosphorus trihalides and oxidation to pentavalent phosphorus. These amino esters were then converted into isocyanato esters by the action of phosgene. Isocyanates of phosphonates have been synthetized on the same principle, as well as via the Arbusov reaction of halogen-substituted isocyanates with trialkyl phosphites. The reaction of silicon halides or alkylhalogenosilanes with aminophenols yielded aminoaryl esters of silicic acid or its derivatives, which could also be treated with phosgene to convert them into isocyanato esters.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196206171

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3

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The Preparation of Carbodiimides from IsocyantesDedicated to Prof. Dr. Otto Bayer on the occasion of his 60th birthday. (1962)

Neumann, W. ; Fisher, Peter

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 1 (1962), S. 621-625

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ISSN: 0570-0833

Keywords: Carbodiimides ; Isocyanates ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Carbodiimides are formed with simultaneous evolution of CO2 by the reaction of basic catalyst with sterically hindered isocynates. Another generally applicable synthesis of carbodiimides involves intermediate formation of cyclic adducts of isocyanates and carbodiimides, which, upon cleavage, exchange the isocyanate and carbodiimide functions. Both processes are suitable for the preparation of polycarboiimides. Several commercial applications of mono- and polycarbodiimides are pointed out.

Additional Material: 4 Tab.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196206211

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4

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β-Lactams, Their Polymerization and Use as Raw Materials for FibersFrom a lecture delivered on April 9th, 1962 at a meeting of the GDCh-Fachgruppe “Kunstsoffe and Kautschuk” Plastics and Rubber Division of the German Chemical Society in Bad Nauheim. (1962)

Graf, R. ; Lohaus, G. ; Börner, K. ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 1 (1962), S. 481-488

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ISSN: 0570-0833

Keywords: Lactams ; Polymerization ; Fibers ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: β-Lactams can be prepared by cyclization of β-aimno acid esters. Recently they have become available also from olefins by addition of N-carbonysulfamyl chloride (isocyanatosulfonyl chloride) and from aldehydes by reaction with N-carbonylsulfamyl chloride and ketene. Condensative or anionic polymerization results in polyamides the chains of which contain many more amide groups than the chains of polyamides of the nylon-6 type. Hence the new polymers resemble silk moreclosely. Fibers and films can be prepared from solution.

Additional Material: 7 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196204811

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5

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Dyeing of Poly(acrylonitrile) Fibers with Azatrimethinecyanines (1962)

Voltz, Jacques

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 1 (1962), S. 532-537

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ISSN: 0570-0833

Keywords: Polyacrylonitrile ; Fibers ; Azatrimethinecyanines ; Dyes/Pigments ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Like all basic dyes, azatrimethinecyanines possess a good dyeing affinity for acrylic fibers. Compounds with isolated nitrogen atoms in the trimethine chain show insufficient light fastness, whereas good to excellent fastness to light is displayed by compounds having neighboring nitrogen atoms in the chain. Thus, a working hypothesis stating that the light fastness of trimethinecyanines on acrylic fibers is improved by progressive replacement of methine groups by nitrogen atoms has been partially confirmed.

Additional Material: 3 Tab.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196205321

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6

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Elastomeric Fibers Based on PolyurethanesFrom a report delivered on April 10th, 1962 at the meeting of the GDCh-Fachgruppe “Kunststoffe und Kautschuk” (Plastics and Rubber Group of the German Chemical Society) in Bad Nauheim. (1962)

Rinke, H.

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 1 (1962), S. 419-424

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ISSN: 0570-0833

Keywords: Elastomers ; Fibers ; Polyurethanes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Highly elastic polyurethanes suitable for fiber production can be obtained by various synthetic routes based on diisocyanate polyaddition processes. Macrodiisocyanates obtained from long chain diols and diisocyanates are allowed to react with polyamines during fiber formation (chemical spinning process) or the macrodiisocyanates are treated in solvents (e.g. dimethylformamide) with polyamines to give highly viscous, spinnable solutions of polymer. Both methods yield highly elastic polymers with wide-mesh network structures. The production of polyurethane fibers and their structures and physical properties are described.

Additional Material: 6 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196204191

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7

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Copolymers and Fibers from VinylidenedicarbonitrileLecture at the Meeting of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker, Section “Kunststoffe und Kautschuk”, on April 10th. 1962 at Bad Nauheim (Germany). (1962)

Sprague, B. S. ; Greene, H. E. ; Reuter, L. F. ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 1 (1962), S. 425-430

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ISSN: 0570-0833

Keywords: Copolymers ; Fibers ; Vinylidenedicarbonitrile ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Vinyldendicarbonitrile (Vinylidene cyanide) on free redical catalyzed copolymerization shows a much stronger tendency to form 1:1 alternating copolymers than acrylonitrile. While bulk poly(vinylidene cyanide) fails to crystallize, despite its molecular symmetry, several alternating copolymers are readily crystallizable, notably those containing butadiene, isoprene, isobutylene, or vinylidene chloride. Fibers have been prepared from a number of the higher melting copolymers and examined for physical properties. Fibers from the vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride copolymers show expectional elastic behavior both when dry and wet. The fiber from the vinylidene cyanide |vinyl acetate alternating copolymer (Darvan® nytril fiber) is only moderately oriented and is characterized by exceptional softness and excellent elastic recovery and resilience, both when dry and wet.

Additional Material: 9 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196204251

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8

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Long Periods in Drawn PolyethyleneFrom a lecture delivered on Apr. 11th 1962 at the meeting of the GDCh-Fachgruppe “Kunststoffe und Kautschuk” (Plastics and Rubber Division of the German Chemical Society) in Bad Nauheim. (1962)

Fischer, E. W. ; Schmidt, G. F.

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 1 (1962), S. 488-499

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ISSN: 0570-0833

Keywords: Long periods ; Polyethylene ; Fibers ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Meridional reflections appearing in small-angle X-ray diffraction diagrams of drawn polyethylene are caused by a nearly periodic arrangement of crystalline and disordered regions. The long period, which is determined by the average distance between two consecutive crystallites, depends on the method of preparing the sample. The time and temperature dependences of the positions of the small-angle reflections have been investigated. The growth of the long period of unoriented bulk polyethlene and polyethylene single crystal follows the same time dependence as that of stretched films. However, characteristic differences were obseved in the relationship between density and long period; they are attributed to the fact that in single crystals and in material crystallized from the melt, the chains are folded at the boundaries of the crystallites, whereas this in not the case in stretched polyethylene.

Additional Material: 25 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196204881

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