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  • Electronic Resource  (483)
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  • 2005-2009
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  • 1970-1974  (483)
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of the organ of bellonci of the syncarid crustacean, Anaspides tasmaniae (Thomson) (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 431-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Organ of bellonci (Anaspides tasmaniae) ; Crustacea ; SPX organ ; Receptor ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The organ of Bellonci of Anaspides tasmaniae (Thomson) (Crustacea, Syncarida) is described light and electron microscopically, and a few histochemical tests are reported. Located ventrally in the eyestalk below the medulla interna, the organ is composed of a number of cavities. These are similar in structure in their contents and associated cellular components, which include two types of glia cells delimiting each cavity and the terminal parts of a few dendrites. Each dendrite usually bears two cilia, which project into the cavity where they split up into numerous branches. The organ is supplied by three nerve tracts: two from the medulla terminalis and one from the medulla interna. The sensory pore, which is innervated from the medulla interna, is not closely associated with the organ of Bellonci in Anaspides. No marked secretory activity is detectable by histochemical or ultrastructural observations. It is thought that the organ has a sensory function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306635
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The eyes of Creophilus erythrocephalus F. and Sartallus signatus sharp (Staphylinidae: Coleoptera) (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 59-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Compound eyes ; Coleoptera ; Ultrastructure ; Dark-light-adaptation ; Irregularities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structures of the eyes of two Staphylinid beetles, one large (Creophilus erythrocephalus—18 mm in length) and one small (Sartallus signatus—3 mm in length), were compared. 1. The gross structure of the two eyes is the same: a) biconvex corneal lens, b) crystalline cone of “acone type”, c) narrow crystalline thread and thickening of cone cell extensions just above the rhabdom, d) seven retinula cells plus one basal cell, and e) almost the same corneal refractive index and optical properties of the corneal cuticle. Considerable differences exist in size, shape and arrangement of rhabdom, retinula cells and their axons. The smaller size of the eye of Sartallus is caused by reduction of number of facets rather than cell size, and, in fact, retinula cells and rhabdom have been found to be larger in the smaller beetle. 2. Structural changes during dark-light-adaptation affect crystalline cone, position of screening pigment and size of intercellular spaces between the retinula cells. In the dark-adapted state the cone retracts a little and the crystalline tract becomes wider. A thickening of cone cell extensions occurs just above the rhabdom. Screening pigment migrates to a more distal position and intercellular spaces between the retinula cells considerably increase in size as compared with the light-adapted eye. 3. Both eyes are rich in irregularities. An attempt to classify anomalies of compound eyes has been made. The number of cone cells and principal pigment cells varied, in some cases, from 1–5 and 0–3 respectively. Basal retinula cells did not always contribute to the rhabdom. 4. Interferometrical observations reveal the extreme optical homogeneity of the entire corneal cuticle of the eyes of both species. No layers of different refractive index or optical separation of adjacent ommatidia can be found. The refractive index of the cornea of Creophilus is 1.469; that of Sartallus is 1.488. 5. Functional consequences of the changes which occur during dark-light-adaptation are discussed. Exposure to intense light appears to cause a rapid aging of retinula cells, which is indicated by an increase of onion- and multivesicular bodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307068
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Ultrastruktur des Gabeschen Organs von Schizophyllum sabulosum L. (Diplopoda, Iuliformia) (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 273-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Diplopoda ; Organ of Gabe ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Das Gabesche Organ von Schizophyllum sabulosum ist paarig und liegt im seitlichen Clypeolabrum. Es wird von Axonen des Nervus labri medialis erreicht, der vorher Seitenzweige abgegeben hat. 2. Die Axone gehören neurosekretorischen Zellen des Protocerebrum an und enthalten Neurosekret. Die Elementargranula sind recht gleichmäßig ellipsoid, der große Durchmesser beträgt ca. 1200 Å. Die Axone enden im Organ und stellen dessen extrinsische Komponente dar. 3. Außerdem gibt es zwei intrinsische Zelltypen: 1) Drüsenparenchymzellen mit axonartigen Fortsätzen und 2) gliaartige Zellen. Die Parenchymzellen bilden Sekret in Form opaker Vakuolen, die deutlich größer als die Neurosekretgranula sind. Auffällig ist das überwiegend vesikuläre endoplasmatische Reticulum. Die Mitochondrien liegen in der Nähe von myelinähnlichen Körpern; ihre Außenmembran ist stellenweise vakuolig vorgewölbt. Die axonartigen Fortsätze enthalten viele längsorientierte Mikrotubuli. 4. Die langen Fortsätze der gliaartigen Zellen umhüllen die Parenchymzellen und die extrinsischen Axone meist in mehreren Schichten. Es gibt aber auch Bereiche, in denen vor allem die Fortsätze der Parenchymzellen und die extrinsischen Axone nackt sind. 5. Das Organ ist gegen das umgebende Hämocoel von einer dicken, lamellierten Stromahülle abgegrenzt. Auch Interzellularräume sind mit Stroma gefüllt. 6. Das Organ wird mit der Cerebraldrüse einiger Chilopoden und gewissen endokrinen Organen anderer Diplopoden und Insekten verglichen.
    Notes: Summary 1. The paired organ of Gabe of Schizophyllum sabulosum is situated in the lateral clypeolabrum. It is innervated by axons of the medial labral nerve, which divides in several branches before reaching the organ. 2. Axons extend from neurosecretory cells of the protocerebrum and contain neurosecretory droplets, which are almost ellipsoid and about 1,200 Å in diameter. The axons terminate in the organ and constitute its extrinsic elements. 3. In addition, there are two types of intrinsic cells: (1) parenchyma cells with axon-like processes and (2) glia-like cells. The parenchyma cells produce secretory material in the form of opaque vacuoles, which are clearly larger than the neurosecretory granules. The preponderantly vesicular endoplasmic reticulum is conspicuous. Also characteristic are the mitochondria, whose superficial membranes are expanded locally, and which lie in the near vicinity of myeline-like bodies. The axon-like processes contain many microtubuli oriented in longitudinal direction. 4. The slender processes of the glia-like cells envelop both parenchyma cells and extrinsic axons usually in several layers; but there are also regions in which the processes of the parenchyma cells and, above all, the extrinsic axons are naked. 5. The organ is delimited from the surrounding hemocoele by a thick laminated stroma. Intercellular spaces are also filled with stroma. 6. The organ is compared with the cerebral gland of some chilopods and with certain endocrine organs of other diplopods and insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307017
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study of the body wall muscles of the pentastomid Reighardia sternae dies. 1864 parasitic on the herring gull Larus argentatus pontopp (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 12-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle tissue ; Pentastomid ; Body wall ; Parasite ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the body wall muscle of the pentastomid Reighardia sternae is described. The muscle fibres are separated from one another and form two layers, circular and longitudinal. They are cross-striated with approximately 11 actin filaments surrounding each myosin filament. The T-system consists of simple in-pushings of the sarcolemma. The SR is also simple and forms both dyadic and triadic contacts with the T-system tubules and dyadic contacts with the sarcolemma. Electron-dense inclusions occur, usually in the vicinity of the Z-lines, and it is suggested that these may be composed of unsaturated lipids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306991
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure de l'endomètre humain normal (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 47-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endometrium ; Human ; Granular stroma cells ; Relaxin ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'ultrastructure générale des cellules K endométriales est semblable chez l'Homme, le Rat et le Singe. Mais les granulations des cellules K humaines sont plus variées que dans ces deux dernières espèces et ont certains aspects suggérant une fonction catabolique. Etant donné cet aspect catabolique et l'existence connue d'une activité phosphatasique acide de ces cellules contenant de la relaxine, les auteurs suggèrent que les cellules K pourraient être des cellules sécrétantes en involution et ques les cellules sécrétant activement la relaxine pourraient avoir un aspect morphologique quelque peu différent de celui des cellules K.
    Notes: Summary The general ultrastructure of endometrial granular stroma cells is similar in man, rat, and monkey. But the granulations of human granular stroma cells are more various than in these two last species and have some aspects suggesting a catabolic function. With respect to this catabolic aspect and the previously shown acid-phosphatase activity of these relaxin-containing cells the authors suggest that the granular stroma cells could be involutive secretory cells and that the active relaxin-secretory cells may have some different morphological aspect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307067
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Morphologie des Ovars von Viviparus contectus (Millet 1813), (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 103-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovary ; Gastropoda ; Follicle cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Ovar von Viviparus contectus besteht, wie licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen ergeben, aus einem langen, terminal verzweigten dünnen Schlauch, dessen Wand von einem Epithel aus Oocyten in allen Entwicklungsstadien und Follikelzellen gebildet wird. Das Vorkommen von Oogonien in den Ovarien adulter Weibchen ist zweifelhaft. Die Follikelzellen sind als Begleitzellen der Oocyten im allgemeinen extrem langgestreckt. Mit ihrer Basis sitzen sie einer dünnen Basalmembran fibrillärer Struktur auf, wie sie bisher nur für Mollusken beschrieben wurde. Die Follikelzellen enthalten große Mengen von Vesikeln, einen bemerkenswert gut ausgebildeten Golgi-Apparat, spärliches rauhes endoplasmatisches Retikulum und zahlreiche heterogene cytosomale Einschlüsse. Charakteristisch für die Zellen sind außerdem in der Längsrichtung liegende cytoplasmatische Mikrotubuli und vereinzelte Kinetosomen. Obwohl keine direkten morphologischen Beziehungen zwischen Follikelzellen und Oocyten festgestellt werden konnten, wird vermutet, daß die Follikelzellen Material degenerierender Oocyten aus dem Lumen des Ovars resorbieren und speichern. Dieses kann den heranwachsenden Oocyten zugute kommen.
    Notes: Summary The ovary of Viviparus contectus was studied light and electron microscopically. It consists of an extended and terminally branched duct, its wall being formed by oocytes of all stages and by follicle cells. The existence of oogonia in the adult females cannot be established with certainty. According to their relationship to the growing oocytes the follicle cells are in general extremely elongated. At the basis they are attached to a thin basement lamina having a fibrillar structure hitherto only known in molluscs. The follicle cells contain many vesicles, a remarkably well-developed golgi apparatus, some rough endoplasmic reticulum, and many heterogeneous cytosomes. Characteristic for these cells are also cytoplasmic microtubules oriented longitudinally along the cell axis. Kinetosomes can rarely be seen. Although there are no apparent direct interrelationships between follicle cells and oocytes, it is suggested that they are engaged in resorbing material of degenerating oocytes from the lumen of the ovary and in storing materials which may be used by the growing oocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307070
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of neuromuscular systems in Notoplana acticola, a free-living polyclad flatworm (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 277-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Flatworm ; Muscle ; Neuromuscular junction ; Sarcoplasm ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuromuscular junctions in the marine polyclad flatworm, Notoplana acticola were studied with the electron microscope. Synapses were found between nerve endings and specialized extensions of the muscle cells. Characteristically these processes contained clear cytoplasm with a basal mitochondrion and numerous microtubules aligned parallel to the long axis of the extension. Sarcoplasmic diverticuli which contained the nucleus had granular cytoplasm with an assortment of membranes and organelles. We have proposed the term sarconeural junction to describe synapses between long sarcoplasmic extensions and nerve cells in flatworms as well as other animals. Tight junctions between adjacent contractile portions of muscle cells were common. As groups of cells appeared to be connected by tight junctions or shared common nerve terminals we conjectured that these formed discrete functional motor-units.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307148
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastruktur und Jodaufnahme der Schilddrüse bei Larven des Krallenfrosches (Xenopus laevis Daud.) (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 553-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thyroid gland ; Xenopus laevis ; Iodine uptake ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ziel dieser Untersuchung war eine physiologische Deutung der Ultrastruktur von Schilddrüsenepithelzellen bei Larven von Xenopus laevis. Dazu wurden elektronenmikroskopische Bilder mit morphometrischen Methoden quantitativ ausgewertet und die Ergebnisse mit Jodaufnahmedaten verglichen. So konnte die Aktivierung der Schilddrüse durch TSH bei kälteblockierten bzw. hypophysektomierten Tieren mit Veränderungen während der spontanen Metamorphose verglichen werden. Ihrer Ultrastruktur nach sind die Schilddrüsen blockierter Prometamorphoselarven in der Entwicklung auf ein früheres Stadium zurückversetzt. Auch zeigen hypophysektomierte Larven keine spontane Jodaufnahme. Eine einmalige TSH-Injektion läßt dann die Größe und Form der verschiedenen Organellen vorübergehend den Zustand der Kontrollen erreichen. Besonders rasch und stark sprechen einerseits die Kernstruktur, andererseits Mikrovilli und Kolloidtropfenvolumen, welche die Resorption von Thyreoglobulin charakterisieren, auf den TSH-Reiz an. Die Jodaufnahme verläuft langsamer. Auch reagieren die an der Synthese beteiligten Organellen später und schwächer. In der spontanen Metamorphose wachsen die Schilddrüsen, nach Totalvolumen, Cytoplasmavolumen einzelner Zellen und Epithelhöhe beurteilt, bis zum Ende der Metamorphose weiter und nehmen entsprechend mehr Jod auf. Ebenso wird während der ganzen Klimax die Kolloidresorption der einzelnen Zellen stärker. Aus den Ergebnissen wird geschlossen, daß die TSH-Sekretion schon in der Prometamorphose einsetzt und bis gegen Ende der Metamorphose zunimmt.
    Notes: Summary The epithelial cells of the thyroid gland in larvae of Xenopus laevis were investigated with the electron microscope. Morphometrical methods yielded quantitative data on the morphology. The uptake of radioactive iodine was studied in order to obtain information on the physiological activity. Thus changes in the thyroid gland following the injection of TSH in tadpoles which had been hypophysectomized or blocked at low temperature were compared with the development of glands during spontaneous metamorphosis. The thyroid glands of blocked prometamorphic larvae resemble those of younger developmental stages as judged by their ultrastructure. In addition no spontaneous accumulation of iodine is observed. Following an injection of TSH the morphology of the various organelles becomes temporarily identical to that of the controls. These changes are most prominent in the nucleus as well as in the microvilli and the colloid droplets, which characterize the resorption of thyroglobulin. Only a minor effect of the TSH stimulus is found on iodine uptake and on organelles concerned with protein synthesis. During normal metamorphosis an increase is observed in the following parameters: (1) volume of the thyroid gland, (2) volume of the cytoplasm and height of single epithelial cells, (3) resorption of colloid, (4) iodine uptake. This increase persists until the end of the climax. Based on the present results TSH secretion is assumed to start in early prometamorphosis and to rise up to the end of metamorphosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307007
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Morphologie und Funktion der Calcitoninzellen (C-Zellen) der Ratte (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 134 (1972), S. 13-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rat ; Thyroid C-cells ; Ultrastructure ; Tocopherol and Ubiquinone deficiency ; Substitution (d,1-α-Tocopherol, α-Tocopherolquinone)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An der Schilddrüse von Wistar-Ratten wurde der Einfluß der Kost (Laborstandardkost, halbsynthetische-tocopherolhaltige und halbsynthetische-tocopherol-freie Kost) und der subkutanen Injektion von Tocopherol und Tocopherolchinon auf die Ultrastruktur der C-Zellen untersucht. Während nach Standardfütterung die Aktivität der C-Zellen der Norm entspricht, werden Syntheseleistung und Sekretabgabe dieser Zellelemente durch die halbsynthetische-tocopherolhaltige Kost gesteigert und im alimentären Tocopherol-Ubichinonmangel wieder gedämpft. Der elektronenmikroskopisch erkennbare Gehalt der C-Zellen an Sekretgranula entspricht der in vitro ermittelten Calcitoninaktivität. Die Beziehungen zwischen den Funktionskreisen von Thyreozyten und Calcitoninzellen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The influence of different diets (standard laboratory diet, semisynthetic tocopherol-containing and semisynthetic tocopherol-free diet) and the influence of subcutaneous injections of tocopherol and tocopherolquinone upon the ultrastructure of the C-cells in the thyroid gland of Wistar rats were investigated. While the activity of the C-cells is quite normal after feeding a standard diet, the synthetic and secretory activities of these cells show an increase with a semisynthetic diet containing tocopherol, but a decrease during alimentary lack of tocopherol and tocopherolquinone. The amount of secretory granules in the C-cells as seen with the electron microscope corresponds with the in vitro-activity of extracted calcitonin. The relations between the functional system of the thyrocytes and that of the C-cells are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307233
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of the A1 sensilla on the posterior surface of the clypeo-labrum of Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R and F) (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 134 (1972), S. 539-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chemoreceptors ; Locusta ; Clypeo-labrum ; Light and electron microscopy ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The A1 sensilla are asymmetric in distribution. Each sensillum contains five bipolar neurons, the distal regions of which extend to the tip of a cuticular cone which has a terminal pore. This was shown with the scanning electron microscope, but was not seen in section. The receptor-lymph cavity of the tormogen cell and the basal cavity of the neurilemma cell contain an electron-dense material unlike other contact chemoreceptors of Locusta prepared for electron microscopy in the same manner. Isolated axons of unknown function occur below the basement membrane and also between epidermal cells surrounding the sensillum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307673
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the anuran pars intermedia following severance of hypothalamic connection (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 131 (1972), S. 545-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pars intermedia ; Hypothalamus ; Anurans ; Hormone release ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the pars intermedia of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles was studied following isolation from the hypothalamus, in vivo after sectioning of the pituitary stalk, and in vitro after implantation of the pituitary into a piece of tail fin. Both experimental procedures were followed by rapid and sustained skin darkening. Pituitaries from normal light and dark adapted tadpoles served as controls. In 4-hour disinhibited glands, melanotrophs revealed hyperactive Golgi bodies, colloid vesicles (1–2 microns) in close proximity to axon terminals, and no apparent loss of secretory granules. At 24 hours extracellular colloid adjacent to axon terminals was found, and extensive arrays of RER appeared in the melanotrophs. Obvious granule loss from secretory cells occurred within a week, by which time the cytoplasm was occupied by large cisterns of SER and RER and abundant free ribosomes. Dense core vesicles (600–900 Å) in aminergic nerve terminals disappeared shortly after isolation of the pituitary from the hypothalamus, and only decreasing numbers of translucent vesicles (200–300 Å) were found. The functional significance of these changes is discussed, with particular emphasis on the mode of acute hormone release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306970
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oligodendrocytes in the normal and chronically de-afferented lateral geniculate body of the monkey (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 115-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oligodendroglia ; Monkey ; De-afferentation ; Ultrastructure ; Densebodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopical examination of the norma and de-afferented ‘laterall geniculate body’ of the monkey following paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde vascular perfusion revealed distinctive morphological features of different types of oligodendrocyte. These cells were normally situated as perineuronal satellites or in relation to axons and capillaries. A wide range of nuclear and cytoplasmic densities were displayed by both satellite and interfascicular oligodendrocytes. The following distinctive features for the identification of ligodendrocytes were utilised: the presence of large quantities of free ribosomes and ribosomal rosettes, microtubular profiles, dense marginal aggregation of nuclear chromatin together with light patches and numerous nuclear pores; but the absence of broad cytoplasmic processes, glycogen and gliofibrils. Circumferential perinuclear organization of the cytoplasmic organelles was typical of oligodendrocytes. Particular attention was paid to perineuronal satellite cells in view of the known transneuronal atrophy in the de-afferented geniculate body. Some cells having a nuclear pattern of oligodendrocytes but showing hyalinisation of perikaryon were seen in de-afferented laminae. A notable feature was the presence of variegated “osmiophilic bodies” in the perikaryon of oligodendrocytes also situated in the de-afferented laminae. A cell type combining the features of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes was classified as ‘intermediate neuroglia’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307092
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Les cellules corticotropes de l'hypophyse d'un Amphibien après interrénalectomie (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 333-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Amphibians ; Corticotrophs ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'identification des cellules responsables de l'élaboration de la corticotropine (ACTH) a été envisagée chezRana esculenta. Les effects causés par l'interrénalectomie au niveau de l'hypophyse ont été étudiés parallèlement par immunofluorescence et au microscope électronique. Au microscope à fluorescence, les cellules détectées chez les animaux témoins avec un antisérum anti-synachten1 bordent en grand nombre les capillaires des zones médiorostrale et ventrale du lobe antérieur. Deux jours après interrénalectomie, le nombre de cellules fluorescentes décroît, douze jours après l'intervention, il ne subsiste pas d'éléments fluorescents dans cette zone. Au microscope électronique, les cellules corticotropes présentent de fines granulations d'environ 200 mμ de diamètre. Après interrénalectomie bilatérale, ces cellules sont fortement stimulées, elles sont sujettes à d'importantes modifications morphologiques; l'aspect morphologique des autres catégories de cellules antéhypophysaires, par contre, n'est pratiquement pas modifié. Douze jours après l'opération, la plupart de ces cellules sont dégranulées, l'ergastoplasme et l'appareil de Golgi sont bien développés. Ces observations suggèrent que les cellules péricapillaires de la moitié rostrale de lapars distalis sécrètent l'hormone corticotrope.
    Notes: Summary Identification of the cell types responsible for the production of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) was performed inRana esculenta. The effects of interrenalectomy on the pituitary cells were studied as well by immunofluorescence, as by electron microscopy. In control animals, the ACTH cells studied by immunofluorescence are numerous around the blood vessels of the medio-rostral and medio-ventral part of the anterior lobe. Two days after interrenalectomy the number of fluorescent cells decreases. Twelve days after, the operation all the fluorescent cells disappeared. The fine structure of the corticotrophs is characterized by the presence of small secretory granules (200 mμ). After bilateral interrenalectomy this cell type is markedly stimulated; it displays striking morphological changes, while the morphology of the other pituitary cell types is not considerably modified. Twelve days after operation most of these cells are degranulated, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus are well developed. These findings suggest that the pericapillary cells of the rostral half of thepars distalis produce the adrenocorticotrophic hormone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02450713
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  • 114
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    Ultrastruktur des Pseudoculus vonEosentomon (Protura, Insecta) (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 539-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pseudoculus ; Eosentomon (Protura, Insecta) ; Sense organ ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der Feinstruktur unterscheidet sich der Pseudoculus vonEosentomon nicht wesentlich von dem der Acerentomiden. Durch einen Endokutikulaporus treten die dendritischen Fortsätze zweier Sinneszellen, jeweils umgeben von einer Hüllzelle, in den Außenraum des Pseudoculus ein. Der Außenraum wird nach distal von einer äußeren Kutikulaschicht — vermutlich Epikutikula — abgeschlossen. Sie vermittelt durch regelmäßig angeordnete lange Spalten die Verbindung zur Außenwelt. Am Grunde der Spalten finden sich Porentubuli, die mit den Hüllzellen oder den distalen Fortsätzen der Dendriten Kontakt haben können. Aus der Feinstruktur kann geschlossen werden, daß der Pseudoculus als Chemo-, Hygro- und/oder Thermorezeptor fungiert.
    Notes: Summary Concerning its fine structure the pseudoculus of Eosentomon is quite similar to that of Acerentomide Protura. There are two sensory cells innervating the organ. From each of them one dendritic process derives, surrounded by one enveloping cell. The processes of these four cells enter the distal cavity of the pseudoculus through a pore in the endocuticular layer. The cuticular layer of the cap seems to consist of epicuticle only. It is furrowed by long clefts connecting the distal cavity of the organ with the outside. Poretubules insert at the base of the clefts and may have contact with the cell membranes of both enveloping cells and dendritic processes. According to its structure the pseudoculus may function as chemo-, hygro- and/or thermoreceptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583435
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  • 115
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    Nervous system of the snailHelix aspersa (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 473-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretory nerves ; Glial and pigment cells ; Neural sheath ; Gastropods ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of neurosecretory nerves and endings associated with the sheath of the infraesophageal ganglion ofHelix aspersa is described. The sheath is a neurohemal organ whose vascularized stroma receives both monoaminergic and peptidergic endings. The latter occur along the surface of the nerves or scattered within the stroma. They include a complex population of vesicular profiles. The granular vesicles (1300–3000 Å in diameter) exhibit structural modifications that may be related to the intra-axonal release of their neurohormones. The agranular vesicles (500–2000 Å in diameter) occur in large numbers and lie mostly adjacent to the axon surface. Synaptoid specializations seem to represent active sites for the extracellular discharge of neurosecretory material. The monoaminergic endings so far studied lack synaptoid specializations and contain small granular (800–1300 Å in diameter) and agranular (700 Å in diameter) vesicles. Two kinds of non-neural cells are associated with the nerves: glial cells and melanocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583431
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  • 116
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    Electronic Resource
    The discrete maximum principle and complex process optimization (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 221-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180141
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  • 117
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    Profile position control of distillation columns with sharp temperature profiles (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 238-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180148
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  • 118
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    Electronic Resource
    Wall-to-bed heat transfer in fluidized beds (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 249-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180153
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  • 119
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    Polymer science and engineering, David J. Williams, Prentice-hall, inc., Englewood cliffs, N.J. (1971). 401 pages. $17.00 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 254-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180157
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  • 120
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    Chemical plant simulation, C. M. Crowe, A. E. Hamielec, T. W. Hoffman, A. I. Johnson, P. T. Shannon, D. R. Woods, Prentice hall, englewood cliffs, N.J., (1971). 368 pages. $16.95 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 254-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180156
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  • 121
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    Fundamental principles of polymeric materials for practicing engineers, Stephen L. Rosen, Barnes & Noble, New York (1971). 275 pages. $4.95 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 255-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180158
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  • 122
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    Letters to the Editor (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 256-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180161
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  • 123
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    Design and maintenance of economically failure-tolerant processes (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 257-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180203
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  • 124
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    Analysis of activation energy of grouped parallel reactions (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 277-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of temperature on the reaction rate of grouped species which are consumed by parallel nth order irreversible reactions is investigated. It is shown that when the activation energies of the individual reacting species is aboput equal the temperature effect can be described by an Arrhenius expression. However, when the activation energies of the various reactions are widely spread the Arrhenius dependence may not be adequate unless one assumes that the activation energy of the lump may be temperature and conversion dependent. Unter these conditions the Arrhenius temperature dependence is at best a rough approximation and it is very important to define exactly the experimental method of determining the activation energy. Widely different activation energies for the pseudocomponent may be obtained from different experimental techniques which yield the same value for a single reactant.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180205
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  • 125
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    Salt effects in vapor-liquid equilibrium: Testing the thermodynamic consistency of ethanol-water saturated with inorganic salts (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 343-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A semi-empirical test for the thermodynamic consistency of isobaric liquid-vapor equilibrium data for ethanol-water saturated with a salt is proposed. The test is based upon an adaptation of the Herington method (1) in which the ternary system is treated as a special binary. The test is applied both to full concentration range data and to data which are incomplete at the high alcohol end. For data which are incomplete at the high water end, a less severe test is employed.Literature data for 23 systems composed of ethanol, water, and an inorganic salt at saturation were tested. By the criterion of the proposed test, fourteen were deemed consistent, six were borderline, and three were pronounced inconsistent.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180216
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  • 126
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    On the motion of a viscoelastic fluid through a cylinder of rectangular cross section (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 450-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180235
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  • 127
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    Laminar tube flow through an abrupt contraction (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 372-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The general equations of motion were solved numerically for the laminar isothermal flow of Newtonian fluids from a large tube of circular cross section through an abrupt contraction into a coaxial tube of smaller diameter and through the flow-development region of the smaller tube. The ratio of the diameter of the large tube to that of the smaller tube was varied from one to eight (the latter in one case). Solutions were obtained for the case where the larger tube is real, with no slip at the wall, and for the case where it is a frictionless “stream” tube. The results are presented as charts giving excess pressure losses attributable to contracted and developing flow in terms of equivalent smaller-tube diameters as functions of the tube-contraction ratio and the Reynolds number, which was varied from 0.01 to as high as 500 in one case. Both radial- and axial-velocity profiles are presented. The computed results are shown to be in satisfactory agreement with some experimental data. The results are presented in a manner convenient for use in the design of equipment in which contracted Newtonian flow occurs, such as fiber spinnerettes and heat exchangers, and in the analysis of experimental data for contracted flow.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180220
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  • 128
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    Identification, hysteresis, and discrimination in enzyme kinetic models (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 385-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Three kinetic rate constants and an initial enzyme concentration are estimated in Britton Chance's classical peroxidase model by applying both the Picard iteration-orthogonal polynomial and stationary state methods to his transient experimental data. Since this model does not describe the hysteresis exhibited by the data, more complex models are examined in order to account for this behavior. From a study of this hysteresis phenomena which is inherent to the structure of consecutive reactions, it is found that in addition to discriminating between mechanisms much useful information about the history of enzyme induction can be observed from the direction, shape, and area of the hysteresis loop.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180222
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  • 129
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    Stability of time-delay systems (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 380-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A direct method is presented for determining both local and regional stability of systems described by nonlinear differential-difference equations. Prediction of stability is with respect to a general class of initial curves. The practical as well as the conservative nature of the procedure is demonstrated by a numerical example.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180221
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  • 130
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    Prediction of breakthrough curves in packed beds: I. Applicability of single parameter models (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 409-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Conditions under which simplified, single parameter models may be used to predict breakthrough curves in linear, packed bed adsorbers and thermal regenerators are examined with reference, in particular, to earlier conditions proposed by Handley and Heggs and by Babcock and co-workers. It is found that for high values of heat capacity ratio the Schumann model provides a satisfactory description of packed bed dynamics where fluids axial dispersion and solids conduction effects are lumped into a single parameter the curve spread parameter σ*. For low values of heat capacity ratio, the equivalent conductivity model of Babcock and co-workers should provide a more accurate description. The value of the Biot number Bi was found to provide the sole criterion for estimating the relative importance of the internal solids conduction. Empirical correlations are presented which allow rapid estimates of breakthrough curves to be made from the curve spread parameter and which facilitate analysis of experimental data from breakthrough curve experiments.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180225
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  • 131
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    Sound velocity in liquid CCl2 F2 and the law of corresponding states (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 430-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180228
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  • 132
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    Freezing droplets of aqueous solutions for the cryochemical process (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 435-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180230
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  • 133
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    Optimal design and control in a class of distributed parameter systems under uncertainty-application to tubular reactor with catalyst deactivation (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 561-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Unpredictable variations in the values of plant parameters around their nominal values are often encountered in actual operation of process plants. In order to assure that process performance meets specifications, it is preferable to design and control the process, taking into account the uncertainty in the values of the plant parameters. In this paper, a method to minimize the maximum decrease in the process performance caused by the hypothetical worst parameter variations is proposed. Necessary condition for the worst parameter variations is derived for a class of distributed parameter systems by means of the maximum principle, and then the method for obtaining the optimal design and control subject to the worst parameter variations are discussed. The method is applied to the design of a tubular reactor associated with catalyst activity decay. The reactor obtained is fairly insensitive to the variations in the process parameters while maintaining fairly good performance even at the nominal values of parameters.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180316
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  • 134
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    The stress state of elastic fluids in viscometric flow (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 600-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new method of instrumentation for normal-stress determinations was developed, making possible accurate unsteady state as well as steady state measurements, eliminating errors arising from fluid-filled pressure-tap holes, and permitting the determination of the complete stress state in a single cone-and-plate shearing-geometry experiment. Sensitive, nonflow semiconductor pressure transducers mounted at several radial positions with their pressuresensing diaphragms flush with the plate surface provide data for the normal-stress distribution. The normal-stress distribution, together with the total normal force from the single-geometry experiment, enables determination of the primary and secondary normal-stress differences by two independent methods of analysis while the transmitted torque enables determination of the viscosity, each as a function of shear rate. Only the normal-stress distribution is required if an independent check on the normal-stress determination is not desired. Similar advantages arise in the application of the instrumentation to a parallel-plate shearing geometry, The new instrumentation was used in the determination of the complete rheological stress state of three aqueous and two “Tetralin” solutions of polymers in a cone-and-plate shearing geometry shear rates of 0.02 to 450 s-1 on a Model R-17 Weissenberg Rheogoniometer. The normalstress differences computed by means of two methods of analysis are in surprisingly good agreement. The ratio of the secondary to the primary normal-stress difference was negative. The absolute values of this ratio decreased with increases in the shear rate, the maximum observed value being 0.4.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180321
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  • 135
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    The use of secondary measurements to improve control (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 614-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Many industrial processes are difficult to control because product quality cannot be measured economically on line. One solution to this problem is to use secondary measurements in conjunction with a mathematical model of the process to estimate product quality. This paper presents a method for designing a static estimator which predicts product quality from a linear combination of process input and output measurements. The design method includes procedures for selecting a subset of the availble output measurements so as to obtain an estimator which is relatively insensitive to modeling errors and measurement noise. Application of the estimator to a simulated multicomponent distillation column shows that the composition control achieved with an estimator based on temperature, reflux, and steam flow measurements is comparable to that achieved with instantaneous composition measurements. The composition control using the estimator is far superior to the composition control achieved by attempting to maintain a constant temperature on any single stage of the column.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180323
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  • 136
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    Liquid counterdiffusion of selected aromatic and naphthenic hydrocarbons in type Y zeolites (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 724-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rates of Counterdiffusion are markeldy affected not only by the critical molecular diameter of the diffusing molecules but also by other physicochemical properties of the liquids and the nature of the cation in the zeolite. The effective diffusivity in NaY or HY under counterdiffusion conditions is less by a factor of 10-1 to 10-3 than that for unidirectional diffusion into an initially empty pore structure.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180410
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  • 137
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    Nonisothermal laminar contracted flow (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 713-720 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Temperature and velocity profiles and pressure losses were computed for laminar, temperature-dependent Newtonian flow from a stream tube through an abrupt contraction into and through the entrance region of a smaller coaxial tube, in which the fluid was cooled or heated at constant wall temperature. The equations of motion and energy, including axial diffusion and viscous dissipation, were solved numerically for diameter ratios of one and two, a practical temperature range, and NPe and NRe up to 100. Entrance temperatures and velocities are far from uniform, and pressure losses are greater than those computed using simplified equations and uniform entrance temperatures and velocities.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180408
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  • 138
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    Chemical engineering kinetics, J. M. Smith, 2nd edit., McGraw-Hill, New York (1970). 612 pages. $ 15.50 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 877-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180445
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  • 139
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    Elements of transport phenomena, Leighton E. Sissom and Donald R. Pitts, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York (1972). 813 pages. $18.50 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 879-880 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180449
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  • 140
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    The computation of optimal singular bang-bang control II. Nonlinear systems (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 780-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general algorithm for the computation of singular/bang-bang control, previously applied to linear systems, is extended to nonlinear systems. The minimum time control of a two-stage CSTR is demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180420
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  • 141
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    Accelerating diffusion with mixed solvents (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 812-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The experiments reported here show how diffusion rates in liquids can be increased by as much as an order of magnitude by use of coupled diffusion fluxes in mixed solvents. Solutes whose diffusion can be accelerated in this way include simple electrolytes, essential oils, dyes, and antibiotics. These increases are primarily caused by thermodynamic interactions and can be estimated from solubilities.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180425
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  • 142
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    Mass transfer into dilute polymeric solutions (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 928-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mass transfer into dilute polymeric solutions was studied by using a short wetted-wall column. Oxygen was absorbed into thin films of water and aqueous polymeric solutions. The polymer systems studied included dilute solutions of carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene oxide, Carbopol, and Cyanamer. All of the above systems were moderately non-Newtonian with power law indexes less than unity. Methocel (a Newtonian fluid with a power law index of one) was also studied. The flow of liquid films was well within the laminar flow regime.The rheological properties of these solutions as well as equilibrium solubility of oxygen in these solutions were determined. In all of the polymer systems studied except Polyox the equilibrium so ubility of oxygen decreased with an increase in polymer concentration. In Polyox solutions, however, the equilibrium solubility of oxygen increased with an increase in polymer concentration.For all of the systems investigated (including Polyox) the mass transfer coefficient for absorption of oxygen at a given flow rate decreased with an increase in polymer concentration. The mass transfer coefficient was highest for water at all flow rates.The diffusivity of oxygen in all of the systems considered except Polyox was lower than that in water. This was attributed to the increased viscosity of the polymeric solutions. The diffusivity of oxygen in Polyox solutions was higher than it was in water. This was found to be due to the complex chemical reactions which occur in this system. In all of the pseudoplastic systems studied the diffusivity of oxygen increased with increasing wall shear rate (decreasing viscosity).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180508
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  • 143
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer control using optimal multivariable feedforward-feedback algorithms (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 976-984 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents three methods of designing feedforward compensators which can be combined with multivariable feedback controllers in order to minimize or eliminate errors caused by sustained measurable disturbances. The designs are based on a linear, time-invariant state-space model of the process and minimize a quadratic function of the errors and/or constrain selected steady state offsets to zero. Simulated and experimental data from a computer controlled pilot-plant evaporator show that multivariable feedback-plus-feedforward control is relatively simple to implement, is practical, and gives excellent control.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180514
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  • 144
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    Electronic Resource
    The ecological effects of oil pollution on littoral communities, E. B. Cowell, (ed.), Institute of Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1M8AR (1971). 250 pages (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 878-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180447
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  • 145
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    Electronic Resource
    Page charges (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180502
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  • 146
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The utilization of expert opinion in decision-making (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1107-1115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This is a review of the state-of-the-art of rational and primarily quantitative approaches to the utilization of expert opinion in the inexact sciences, among which the engineering sciences must be included. Of primary concern is the decision-maker's utilization of one or more experts, and the criteria and scoring rules used to evaluate their performance. Also reviewed are certain game-theoretic strategies used by experts to maximize their own goal satisfaction. With this review, it is hoped that chemical engineers, when acting as decision-makers, will be able to utilize expert opinion more effectively and will better understand the function of experts when it is necessary for them to adopt such roles themselves.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180604
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  • 147
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A self-adapting time-optimal control algorithm for second-order processes (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1133-1139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method for performing time-optimal control with only limited prior knowledge of specific process dynamics is described. The time constants of the process are identified during the transient period accompanying the desired set point change, and the valve switching times of the control algorithm are calculated based on these time constants. The adaptive features of this method make its use independent of process or operating variation. The effectiveness of the proposed control method was evaluated using digital simulation and experimental techniques. The experimental phase which involved random changes to the temperature set point of a batch reactor was carried out with the aid of an on-line digital computer.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180608
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  • 148
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modal analysis of convection with axial diffusion (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1128-1132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The one-dimensional model for convection with diffusion and with a source term for mass or energy generation or interchange is analyzed for the eigenvalues and the corresponding spatial eigenmodes as a function of the Peclet number. It is shown how the modal analysis of the source case, when the source coefficients for heat exchange and chemical reaction are spatially independent, is directly related to the no source solution. Numerical examples of determining the source term coefficient are included. These solutions form a base to discuss dynamic characteristics and stability and to which solutions for spatially dependent coefficients can be compared.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180607
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  • 149
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dispersed phase reactor model for predicting conversion and mixing effects (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1268-1271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180631
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  • 150
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    Water pollution by oil, Peter Hepple, Ed., The Institute of Petroleum, London (1972). 393 pages. £5.50 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1277-1277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180635
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  • 151
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    Experimental evaluation of nonisotheral solid-gas reaction model (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1231-1238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The nonisothermal unreacted-core-shrinking model with unsteady state heat transfer analysis has been experimentally evaluated. The system studied is the combustion of a single agglomerated carbon-fire clay sphere in a thermobalance. By comparing the experimental results with those predicted by the model, it is concluded that the model adequately describes the reaction system under the experimental conditions such that the ash layer diffusion is rate controlling.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180621
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  • 152
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180101
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  • 153
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    Journal review papers (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180102
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  • 154
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme kinetics and engineering (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This review article surveys representative literature on enzyme kinetics and engineering published form January 1969 to August 1971. Particlar attention is given to methods of attaching enzymes to solid supports, and to factors, such as pH and temperature, which affect the reaction rate. Recent theories accounting for the high selectivity and high rate of enzyme reactions, calculations taking into consideration the effects of diffusion, methods for analysing kinitic data, and proposals for enzyme reactors are evaluated. Also reviewed are recent methods for extraction of enzymes from cells, procedures for synthesizing enzymes artificailly, and techniques for isolating and purifying enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180103
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  • 155
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    On intrinsic errors in pressure-hole measurements in flow of polymer melts (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 116-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In order to investigate the possibilities of pressure-hole errors in the measurement of wall normal stresses in the flow of polymer melts, a 2.280-in. long slit die has been designed, having a slot with a rectangular cross section, 0.050 in. by 1.000 in. Three transducers were mounted on each of the two long sides of the rectangular slot along the longitudinal center line of the die and located so that each transducer was directly opposite another in the opposite side. The three transducers on one side were flush mounted. Those on the other side were mounted through pressure-holes with different diameters (0.017, 0.034, and 0.050 in.) Measurements of wall normal stresse were made with high density polyethylene and polypropylene melts at 200°C., following the experimental procedure described in the author's earlier papers. The present study indicates that pressure measurements made through pressureholes are essentially the same as those made flush-mounted instruments, and that there are no pressure hole errors in the measurements of wall normal stresses, insofar as polymer melts are concerned.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180121
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  • 156
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    Turbulent diffusion in the core of a pipe with uniform transverse flow at the walls (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 194-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analysis of point source turbulent diffusion of a gaseous tracer in the core of a circular straight porous pipe with uniform transverse flow at the walls is presented. Time averaged concentration distributions were measured at four distances downstream from a point source located at the axis of a fully developed turbulent flow of air in a 6-in. pipe. Experiments were run at average velocities between 4.36 and 23.0 ft./sec. (corresponding to Reynolds numbers 12,000 to 66,000) with injection velocities ranging from 0 to 0.170 ft./sec. and suction velocities from 0 to 0.048 ft./sec. The highest injection rate corresponded to 58% by volume of the main stream. Good agreement is obtained between the expeimental and the calculated concentration profiles.The present study shows that the plume width of the disperising tracer is considerably affected by the transverse flow. It also shows that the eddy diffusivity in the pipe core and the radial mass flux increase with fluid injection and decrease with suction through the pipe walls. Also, for increasing values of aspect ratio, they increase in the case of injection and decrease in the case of fluid suction.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180136
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  • 157
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    Examples of the use of the initial value method to solve nonlinear boundary value problems (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 654-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180333
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  • 158
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    Continuing a tradition (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180402
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  • 159
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    New energy technology - some facts and assessments, H. C. Hottel and J. B. Howard, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. (1972). 364 pages. $2.95 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 671-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180345
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  • 160
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    Determination of surface diffusion rates from thermal transpiration measurements (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 856-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180435
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  • 161
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    Letters to the editor (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 875-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180443
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  • 162
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    Momentum, energy, and mass transfer in continua, John C. Slattery, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1972). 704 pages. $19.50 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 877-878 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180446
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  • 163
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    From electrocatalysis to fuel cells, G. Sanstede (ed.), Battelle Seattle Research Center by the University of Washington Press, Seattle and London (1972). 415 pages. $ 12.50 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 880-880 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180450
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  • 164
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    Systematic synthesis of separation schemes (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 941-948 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The paper reports efforts to automate the synthesis of separation processes. Heuristic and algorithmic programming are used to select both the sequence and types of processes used for the conversion of complex mixtures into specified products. Improved schemes are evolved using learning techniques. An illustrative example is included.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180510
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  • 165
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    The mixing of solid particles in a motionless mixer - a stochastic approach (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 984-989 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A Markov chain model was used to model the axial mixing of solid particles in a motionless mixer having no moving parts. One step transition probabilities were determined experimentally for the model. Based on these transition probabilities, the model was able to predict spatial distribution of tracer particles up to seven steps of the Markov chain, which was equivalent to seven consecutive passes of the mixture through the mixer. Experimental results were in good agreement with those predicted from the Markov chain model.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180515
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  • 166
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    Stability of rotational couette flow of polymer solutions (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1010-1015 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The onset of secondary flow between rotating cylinders (Taylor vortices) was observed for a dilute polymer solution whose viscometric flow properties were characterized rheogoniometrically. The critical Taylor number (flow onset) was predicted accurately by linear stability theory with a stress constitutive equation describing viscometric behavior. The cell spacing differed significantly from that predicted by linear theory. A nonlinear analysis shows that Linear theory will predict the ultimate cell size only for an inelastic liquid. For an elastic liquid a larger wave number (closer spacing) is a lower energy configuration than the linear theory spacing. This is consistent with experiment.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180519
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  • 167
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    The shape of a fluid drop trapped between two horizontal surfaces (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1041-1048 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In a close packed dispersion, a drop experiences forces from the surrounding drops which affect its shape and rate of coalescence. The geometry is complicated, but a simple model which may help clarify the phenomenon is that of a drop trapped between two horizontal surfaces under the action of an applied force.The differential equations governing the shape of the surface of such a drop have been solved numerically and the predicted drop dimensions checked experimentally by applying known forces to a drop and recording the shape photographically.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180524
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  • 168
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    Error bounds for approximate solutions to nonlinear ordinary differential equations (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1053-1059 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Error bounds are provided for approximate solution of systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations for cases where there is no known exact solution for comparison. Theorems are proved for problems of heat and mass transfer of a multicomponent system in catalyst particles under going chemical reaction. Error bounds are provided for the pointwise error as well as the effectiveness factor. Calculations based on the theorems show the orthogonal collocation method can give results which are proved accurate to 12 digits, thus providing essentially the exact solution. For problems for which the theorems have not yet been proved, the results suggest that the mean-squared residual gives a good indication of the accuracy since the error decreases as the mean-squared residual decreases.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180526
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  • 169
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    Simultaneous mass transfer and chemical reaction in a case of time-dependent interfacial area (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1070-1072 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180532
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  • 170
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    Notes on transfer in turbulent pipe flow (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1072-1073 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180533
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  • 171
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    Sufficient conditions for uniqueness and the local asymptotic stability of adiabatic tubular reactors (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1079-1081 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180536
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  • 172
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    Cryogenic fundamentals, G. G. Haselden, Ed., Academic Press, New York (1972). 757 pages (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1086-1086 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180544
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  • 173
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    A note on the equilibrium partial pressures of vapors above sulfuric acid solutions (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1265-1268 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180630
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  • 174
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    Flowing gas-solids suspensions, R. G. Boothroyd, Harper & Row, New York (1972). 289 pages. $14.00 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1277-1277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180634
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  • 175
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    Biotechnology of industrial water conservation, B. E. Purkiss, Mills & Boon, Ltd., London (1972). 56 pages. £1.50 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1278-1278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180638
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  • 176
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    Instrumentation in the chemical and petroleum industries, Vol. 8, Irving G. Young, (ed), Instrument Society of America, New York (1972). 109 pages. $9.00 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1279-1280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180642
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  • 177
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    Physical principles of chemical engineering, Peter Grassman, Pergamon Press, New York (1971). 896 pages. $48.00 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1281-1281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180646
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  • 178
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    Catalysis reviews, Vol. 6, H. Heinemann, Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York (1972). 341 pages. $19.50 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1281-1282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180647
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  • 179
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    Halogen affinities-A new ordering of metals to accomplish difficult separations (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180140
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  • 180
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    Observations of early turbulence in the pipe flow of drag reducing polymer solutions (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Early turbulence has for the first time been observed in the flow of very dilute polymer solutions in tubes larger than capillary size. Flow rate-wall shear stress measurements were conducted in 0.553 and 0.660 cm. diameter pipes. Polyethylene oxide samples of two molecular weights were employed, dissolved in water-glycerine mixtures with viscosities ranging from 0.0261 to 0.160 poise. The flow rate-wall shear stress relationship for these solutions corresponded to Poiseuille's Law below a well-defined onset wall shear stress, at which the Reynolds number was less than the transition value for Newtonian fluids. As the flow rate was increased from the onset condition, however, the wall shear stress became progessively larger than that predicted by the Poiseuille relationship. The onset wall shear stress for the phenomenon increased linearly with solvent viscosity. Its relationship to polymer concentration was dependent on the solvent viscosity. An explanation for early turbulence is suggested on the basis of these results, and the relationship of the phenomenon to turbulent flow drag reduction is discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180139
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  • 181
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    On optimality criteria for constrained optima (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 240-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180149
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  • 182
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    On simultaneous transport of heat and mass in natural convection (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 243-245 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180150
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  • 183
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    On the use of the integral method for flow of power-law fluids (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 251-253 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180154
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  • 184
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    Erratum (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 255-255 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180160
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  • 185
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    Comments on the Yang-Yendall equation of state (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 248-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180152
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  • 186
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    Turbulence measurements in liquids, proceedings of the symposium on turbulence measurement in liquids - university of Missouri, Rolla (September, 1969). G. K. Patterson and J. L. Zakin, (eds.), 1971. 155 pages. $8.00 (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 254-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180155
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  • 187
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    DIMP (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180202
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  • 188
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    A theoreticol and experimental study of the centrifugal molecular still (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 269-276 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model of the centrifugal molecular still has been derived based on a fully developed profile, but negligible normal and tangential velocity components. Thermal gradients, film thicknesses, and evaporation rates calculated from this mathematical expression correlate well with reported literative values as well as with the present data.Mean distillation rates were measured for five pure liquids on a centrifugal still with an effective evaporating surface area of 100 sq. cm. These experimentally obtained rates for liquids exhibiting ideal behavior agreed quite well with theoretical values predicted on the basis of simple kinetic theory. In the case of an associated liquid, however, rate measurements were found to be only 53 to 90% of the theoretical value. Although these low values tend to support the concept of an evaporation coefficient as a true molecular property, there wasevidence that surface irregularities could have accounted for all or at least part of the discrepancy noted.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180204
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  • 189
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    Activity coefficients of strong electrolytes in multicomponent aqueous solutions (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 294-298 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The quantity T12 here called the reduced activity coefficient is related to Γ12 the mean activity coefficient of a strong electrolyte 12 as follows: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\Gamma _{12} = \gamma 12^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {z_1 z_2 }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {z_1 z_2 }}}$$\end{document} where z1 and z2 are the charge number on the ions. The value of Γ12 for electrolyte 12 in an aqueous solution containing the three ions 1, 2, and 3, such as Na+ Cl- and Ba++, is to be calculated as follows: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm log}\Gamma _{12} = {\rm log}\Gamma ^ \circ _{12} + {\raise0.7ex\hbox{$1$} \!\mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}}\right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace} \!\lower0.7ex\hbox{$2$}}\left({{\rm X}_{\rm 3} } \right){\rm log}\left({{{\Gamma ^ \circ _{32} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\Gamma ^ \circ _{32} } {\Gamma ^ \circ _{12} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\Gamma ^ \circ _{12} }}} \right)$$\end{document} Here Γ°32 and Γ°12 are for the indicated electrolytes, namely NaCl and BaCl2 in this example, at the total ionic strength of the mixture. The term X3 represents the fraction m3z32/(m1z12 + m3z32) in which m represents the molality of the indicated ion. Fair success is usually attained with this equation in predicting γ, even at high electrolyte concentrations.Similar equations are proposed for aqueous solutions containing four or more ions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180208
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  • 190
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    Stability studies in pipe flows unsing water and dilute polymer solutions (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 312-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The response of water and 20 ppm. solutions of Separan AP-30 and Polyox WSR 301 to the periodic motion of a thin sleeve was measured using a laser Doppler velocimeter. The sleeeve was moved in an axial direction by an external coupling at frequencies from 1/4 to 1.O Hz and at amplitudes of 1/2 to 2 in. The flow filed downstream of the distrbance was found to consist of three regions: 1. a near field with a separation wake from the sleeve moving toward the piep centerline; 2. an intermediate field in which alternate laminar and turbulent slugs passed a point; and 3. a far field with decaying turbulent lfow. Defferences in the behavior of water flows and polymer flows appeared in each region. In the near field, wakes spread faster in water flows. In the intermediate field, the laminar slugs disappeared into turbulence more rapidly in water flows. And in the far field, the turbulence was not as developed in the polymer flows.Detailed statistical evaluations were made on the signals in each region for a Reynolds number of 2000. The response of the dilte polymer polymer solutions appeared to be governed by the initial interaction with the sleeve. Fewer high frequencies were generated than in the pure solvent so the periodic disturbance persisted downstream. In pure water the eddies from the separation wake interacted strongly with the periodic distrurbance leading to rapid decay of the periodic portion. Shear rates were not high enough to attribute the dilute polymer differences to viscoelastic effects.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 191
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    Local and macroscopic thermal transport from a sphere in a turbulent air stream (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The local and macroscopic thermal transport from a calorimeter-instrumented sphere 1.5 in. in diameter located in an air steram ws measured experimentally in the subcritical flow regime. The Reynolds number was varied between 5,200 and 70,200 with artificially induced turbulence level varying from 0.013 to 0.256. Higher turbulence increased thermal transport through the laminar bundary layer prevailing in the forward hemisphere, and significantly retarded the point of separation from about 87° to 106° as measured from stagnation. An increase in the Reynolds number shifted the point of separation forward and altered the behavior in the wake. In the separated wake region, the experimental evidence indicated that the vortex reattached to the rear surface and formed a new boundary layer that resulted in a decrease in the local thermal transfer.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180207
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  • 192
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    Masthead (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180301
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  • 193
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    Application of modern control theory to distillation columns (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 479-486 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Modern control theory for systems with load changes is applied to distillation column control. Both linear and nonlinear distillation models are developed and tested. Excellent control is achieved by using an optimal multi-variable-proportional-integral (MPI) controller for systems with unmeasurable disturbances. When the disturbances are measurable an optimal multi-variable proportional controller with error coordination (MPE) is desirable. Various structures for distillation control have also been investigated.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180304
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  • 194
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    Mass transfer of water from single thoria sol droplets fluidized in 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 486-490 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate at which water is extracted from thoria sols was investigated by fluidizing single thoria sol droplets in 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2EH) and measuring the diameter of a droplet over a period of time until shrinkage no longer occurred. Diameter data from both water and sol drops were obtained at 25°C. The experimental variables were initial drop diameter (0.1 to 0.2 cm), sol molarity \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm (0 to 2}{\rm .5 }\underline M {\rm ThO}_{\rm 2}) $\end{document}, and water concentration in the 2EH (2-12 mg./cc.). The water and sol droplet data were correlated by Equation (5). The single relationship for the fluidized water and sol drops verified that an organic-phase film surrounding the drop is the rate-controlling resistance. The sphere Reynolds number was based on the approach velocity and varied from 0.4 to 14. The Schmidt number for the system was fixed at 35,700. During the extraction of water, the mass transfer coefficients for fluidized sol drops were found to depend only on the molarity of the sol. By expressing the mass transfer coefficients as a function of the density difference between the aqueous sol and the organic phase, an equation was derived to predict the gelation time required for any initial sol molarity and drop diameter fluidized in 2 EH at 25°C.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180305
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  • 195
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    Volatiles retention during drying of food liquids (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 520-526 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The retention of trace volatile components in food liquids during low temperature drying processes is analyzed through a ternary diffusion model. Flux equations for both water and trace organic components are solved numerically for typical drying situations. Several effects are found with the ternary analysis which are not evident from a simpler binary model. The sugar-water composition gradient which develops during drying causes an appreciable transport of the trace volatile species. This transport can occur in the same direction as the transport resulting from the concentration gradient of the volatile species, or in the opposite direction, and can result in a local accumulation of the volatile species. Concentration profiles for both water and dilute volatile components were experimentally measured during nearly isothermal drying of gelled slabs of synthetic sugar solutions and natural fruit juice concentrates. The predicted internal maximum in volatiles concentration is borne out by the experiment, and a satisfactory agreement of observed with predicted volatiles retention is found, within the limits of the experiment.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180310
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  • 196
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    Ecological aspects of combustion devices (with reference to hydrocarbon flaring) (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 553-560 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Some fundamental factors controlling the emission of pollutants by an industrial combustion system are illustrated by reference to gaseous hydrocarbon flare stack combustion. The formation of smoke (soot), radiation, and nitric oxide may be controlled by limiting of the premixed fuel air ratio to moderately rich mixtures. The factors which determine the design of a suitable Canada mixer are shown to be area ratio, density ratio, and pressure ratio. An important pollutant for large burners is the combustion roar. Fuel type and mixture ratio only affect the combustion noise output by about 5 db. The dominant factor in the generation of this noise is the burner turbulence, which can be controlled to reduce the combustion roar by up to 20 db.Burner cost considerations lead to the current use of simple flare tips; however, the eventual use of more technically sophisticated low pollution units is inevitable.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180315
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  • 197
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    The effect of gibbs adsorption on marangoni instability in penetration mass transfer (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 582-591 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical analysis of Marangoni convection in gas-liquid mass transfer shows the stabilizing effect of surface convection in the Gibbs adsorption layer. Results are obtained for various ratios of liquid layer thickness to mass transfer penetration depth. For deep liquid layers, complete stabilization results when the inventory in the Gibbs layer equals the solute deficiency in the liquid phase boundary layer, irrespective of the shape of the unperturbed concentration profile.This new theory agrees much better with experimental results than did previous theories. For example, for triethylamine desorption from water, the discrepancy is reduced from a factor of 8,000 to a factor of 8. Speculations are offered concerning this residual discrepancy.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180319
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  • 198
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    The interrelationship between bubble motion and solids mixing in a gas fluidized bed (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 591-599 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The stochastic differential equations for particle motion in a homogeneous fluidized bed have been modified to incorporate a bubble-particle interaction. In a freely bubbling bed this interaction causes an instantaneous random step upwards when a particle collides with a bubble. In addition the particles are subject to a Brownian Motion due to particle-particle interactions and to a vertical drift velocity. The particle motion was modeled by the set of stochastic differential equations \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{l} d{\rm U} = - U + d{\rm W} \\ d{\rm X} = (U_x + \overline U)\,\,dt + {\rm S}dN \\ d{\rm Y = }U_y dt \\ d{\rm Z = }U_z dt \\ \end{array}$$\end{document} where N and W are Poisson and Wiener processes respectively. U is the velocity vector, X the vertical coordinate, Y and Z the horizontal coordinates. This set of equations has been solved and the form of the probability density function p(x, t) has been obtained. Predictions are in terms of the mean bubble frequency at a point λ the average displacement associated with a particle-bubble collision, and the dense phase diffusion coefficient.The main result is that the effective diffusion coefficient in the vertical direction is given by \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$E^*{\rm = }E{\rm + }\lambda {\rm /}\alpha ^{\rm 2}$$\end{document} where E is the dense phase diffusion coefficient and 1/α is the average displacement suffered by a particle on collision with bubble.The model was tested experimentally using random forcing function techniques. All parameters were evaluated independentely; λ by direct measurement and the other two inferred from available published data. The predictions of the theory agreed well with experimental observations of the solids dispersion.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180320
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  • 199
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mathematical model for heat transfer in a packed bed and a simplified solution thereof (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 623-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Heat transfer in packed beds can be mathematically modeled to account for the heat transfer between the particles and the gas phase, the conduction through the solid phase of particles, and the mixing or dispersion within the gas phase in the void structure of the porous media. To solve the resulting differential equations numerically is not easy. The solution for sinusoidal gas temperature input assumes linearity of the logarithm of the temperature with time. If, in addition, linearity with distance can be assumed, then the solution can be vastly simplified to finding the real root of a fourth-order algebraic equation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180324
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation efficiency of elliptical reflector-photoreactors (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 643-643 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180328
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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