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  • Electronic Resource  (20)
  • 1985-1989  (20)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1920-1924
  • 1987  (20)
  • Insulin
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical Study of glucose metabolism during partial gastrectomy (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of anesthesia 1 (1987), S. 82-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Blood glucose ; Glucose loading ; Insulin ; Epidural anesthesia ; Upper abdominal surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, growth hormone (GH) and cyclic-AMP (C-AMP) were measured in 14 patients undergoing partial gastrectomy under 5 g/hr glucose loading. Seven patients received general anesthesia (GOF; Group G) and the other seven, GO + epidural anesthesia (analgesia Th4–L1; Group E). Blood glucose increased in both groups, although it remained consistently lower in Group E than in Group G. Serum IRI and IRI/glucose ratio appeared consistently higher in Group E than in Group G and a significant difference was found between the two groups at the early period of surgery. The changes in plasma glucagon and GH were found independent of those in glucose. Cyclic-AMP was also consistently higher in Group G than in Group E and a significant difference was observed at the end of anesthesia. These results suggest that epidural anesthesia with 5 g/hr glucose loading may facilitate insulin release from the islet and peripheral blood uptake particularly during the early period of surgery while many other factors such as GH, cortisol and vagal stimulation seemed to be involved in the later period of surgery. (Ogata M et al.: Clinical study of glucose metabolism during partial gastrectomy; comparison between epidural and general anesthesia. J Anesth 1: 82–87, 1987)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0054070010082
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of chronic omeprazole treatment on gastric endocrine function (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 169-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Gastrin ; Insulin ; Omeprazole ; Somatostatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of a 4-week treatment with the substituted benzimidazole omeprazole (20 mg daily) or placebo on gastric endocrine function was tested in healthy male volunteers. Compared with placebo-treated subjects basal serum gastrin levels were slightly but significantly increased after treatment with omeprazole from 10 to 22 pg/ml (medians;P〈0.05) but returned to pretreatment values after 2 weeks recovery (9 pg/ml). Antral gastrin tissue concentration increased and was still elevated after recovery; however, antral gastrin concentrations also increased in placebo controls, and increments immediately after cessation of omeprazole treatment (2.58 µg/g; median) were not significantly over control values (1.92 µg/g;P〉0.1). Postprandial gastrin release, basal and food-stimulated insulin release, antral somatostatin concentration, and volume densities of antral G and D cells were unaffected. It is concluded that, due to incomplete inhibition of gastric acid secretion at the omeprazole dose studied, only slight effects on the endocrine stomach are to be expected after 4 weeks of administration of omeprazole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01728228
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between blood pressure and plasma insulin in non-obese and obese non-diabetic subjects (1987)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 30 (1987), S. 719-723 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; blood pressure ; obesity ; healthy man ; oral glucose tolerance test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this study, we have measured plasma insulin at fasting and following an oral glucose load and blood pressure after glucose load in 367 (247 non-obese, 120 obese) normotensive and untreated mildly hypertensive subjects. Overall, there was no independent association between fasting plasma insulin levels and blood pressure values. After controlling for age and body weight, a significant relationship between postglucose plasma insulin levels and diastolic blood pressure was found. When non-obese and obese subjects were examined separately, significant relationships were identified between postglucose plasma insulin levels and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure values in the former but not in the latter. A comparison of sex-, age-, and weight-matched hyperinsulinaemic vs normoinsulinaemic subjects showed that the former had significantly higher values of blood pressure only if not obese. These results demonstrate that the plasma insulin response to glucose is independently correlated with blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296995
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An examination of the role of insulin dimerisation and negative cooperativity using the biological properties of the despentapeptide and deshexapeptide insulins (1987)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 30 (1987), S. 733-738 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; despentapeptide insulin ; deshexapeptide insulin ; negative cooperativity ; insulin demerisation ; lipogenesis ; insulin binding ; insulin metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The C-terminus of the insulin B chain is essential for dimerisation and expression of negative cooperativity. In order to evaluate the possible physiological role of these phenomena, we have studied the properties in vivo and in vitro of despentapeptide insulin (B 26–30 deleted), derived from beef insulin, and deshexapeptide insulin (B25–30 deleted), derived from pork insulin. These materials do not dimerise and have 15% and 0% retention of negative cooperativity respectively. Lipogenesis potencies in rat adipocytes were: despentapeptide insulin 19.9±0.3%; deshexapeptide insulin 19.9±1.5%. Binding potencies in adipocytes were: despentapeptide insulin 22.6±7.8%; deshexapeptide insulin 13.2±3.3%. Metabolic clearance rates were reduced compared to insulin (insulin = 19.1±0.9; despentapeptide insulin = 9.7±0.8; deshexapeptide insulin = 6.4±0.6ml·min−1·kg−1 at plasma concentration 0.5 nmol/l). Hypoglycaemic potencies were reduced for both analogues (40% and 30%) when calculated on the basis of plasma concentration although both analogues and insulin were equally effective at lowering plasma glucose concentration in equimolar doses. Plasma half-disappearance time was prolonged (despentapeptide insulin=7.3±0.5; deshexapeptide insulin=9.1±0.2 min). Both analogues were full agonists and conformed to the general relationship between in vitro and in vivo properties seen with a wide range of modified insulins. They resemble other analogues with modifications which reduce receptor affinity without impairing dimerisation or negative cooperativity. The results do not support a physiological role for dimerisation or negative cooperativity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296998
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance of the insulin crystal to lysosomal proteases: implications for pancreatic B-cell crinophagy (1987)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 30 (1987), S. 348-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; proinsulin ; crinophagy ; insulin crystals ; degradation ; lysosomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin is thought to be chemically stabilized within β-granules in the crystal form. The other major products of the β-granule, proinsulin and C-peptide, by contrast, are not thought able to crystallize. The physico-chemical properties of peptides in soluble or crystalline form are dramatically different. The ability of insulin to crystallize in the β-granule might thus explain why this peptide, but not proinsulin/Cpeptide, remains stable even after its introduction into lysosomes as occurs during granulolysis (crinophagy). We have now studied this by exposing proinsulin or insulin to lysosomal proteases in vitro. 125I-insulin in soluble form was found to be degraded at the same rate as 125I-proinsulin. Strikingly, however, when the labelled insulin was crystallized, its rate of degradation was decreased from 1.9 to 0.2 pmol/min. We take these data as confirmation that the insulin crystal is resistant to degradation, thereby possibly accounting for (a) the presence of insulin immunoreactivity within multigranular bodies, and (b) the unusually slow rate of degradation of insulin within B cells compared with that of other hormones in their cells of origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299029
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of platelet aggregation induced by euglycaemic insulin clamp (1987)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 30 (1987), S. 310-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; platelet aggregation ; euglycaemic clamp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To examine the effect of serum insulin independent of the level of blood glucose in vivo on platelet aggregation in healthy individuals, a euglycaemic insulin clamp was applied up to 4 h. During the clamp, blood glucose at 5.0 mmol/l and insulin levels at 100 μU/ml were maintained. Blood samples were drawn before, 2 and 4 h after the start of the insulin clamp. The platelet aggregation induced by 1 μmol/l and 2 μmol/l ADP, 1 μg/ml collagen and 2.7 μmol/l epinephrine was measured in the blood samples. Platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate, collagen and epinephrine in the 4 h sample was significantly reduced from the pre-clamp value of 8.4% to 3.9% (p〈0.05), 26.2% to 7.0% (p〈0.01) and 31.8% to 9.1% (p〈0.01), respectively. On the other hand, when the same individuals were infused with physiological saline and blood glucose (4.4 mmol/l) and insulin level (10 mIU/l) were kept within normal values, there was no difference between the values of induced platelet aggregation in samples drawn before and during the insulin infusion. It was concluded that hyperinsulinaemia reduces platelet aggregation in vivo when euglycaemia was maintained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299023
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin Wakayama: familial mutant insulin syndrome in Japan (1987)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 30 (1987), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; mutant ; familial ; gene ; high performance liquid chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We describe a family from Japan displaying the mutant insulin syndrome with hyperinsulinaemia and an increased insulin: C-peptide molar ratio. Serum insulin isolated from several family members showed reduced in vitro biological activity, and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography revealed a peak co-eluting with human insulin and a second species of increased hydrophobicity co-migrating with the previously reported Insulin Wakayama. The insulin genes from the propositus were cloned and sequenced, revealing one normal allele; the second allele, encoding a leucine for valine amino acid substitution at position 3 of the insulin A chain, was similar to that previously described for Insulin Wakayama. Synthesized [LeuA3] insulin showed 0.14% of receptor binding activity on rat adipocytes and a 10-fold prolonged half-life in a somatostatin-infused dog compared with human insulin. The finding of the same mutant gene in two unrelated Japanese families suggests that Insulin Wakayama may be discovered in additional Japanese families with hyperinsulinaemia and/or diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274577
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertebrate insulin induces diapause termination in Pieris brassicae pupae (1987)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 196 (1987), S. 527-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Insulin ; Diapause termination ; Pieris brassicae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Due to its close structural homology with the 4K prothoracicotropic hormone isolated from Bombyx mori, we tested the ability of vertebrate insulin to break pupal diapause in a Lepidopteran, Pieris brassicae. Injection of 5μg of bovine insulin in diapausing pupae led to diapause termination and synchronous adult eclosion; the effect of insulin was dose-dependent. Bovine insulin-A chain and B chain injected separately failed to show any biological activity suggesting that the intact structure of the molecule is required. Bovine insulin also promoted adult development of decapitated diapausing animals. We show that insulin triggers a reactivation of the neuroendocrine system leading to a neosynthesis of ecdysone beginning 6 days after treatment. This neosynthesis also occurred in beheaded animals suggesting that insulin stimulates the prothoracic glands without acting via the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399877
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemolysis affects insulin but not C-peptide immunoassay (1987)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 30 (1987), S. 394-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; C-peptide ; radio-immunoassay ; haemolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Venous blood was taken at the end of a glucose infusion test in 19 individuals and divided into four aliquots, 3 of which were variably haemolysed by repeated passage through a 23-gauge needle to simulate traumatic venepuncture. Plasma insulin (measured by both a charcoal separation and a double-antibody method), C-peptide, and haemoglobin were measured in each aliquot, and haemolysis was also assessed visibly. A significant loss of immuno-assayable plasma insulin was found in samples with only a trace of visible haemolysis, with up to 90% lost in severely haemolysed samples. Plasma C-peptide was unaffected by haemolysis. This represents an additional advantage for the use of plasma C-peptide in assessing insulin secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292540
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure to demonstrate disruption of ultradian growth hormone rhythm and insulin secretion by dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus lesions that cause reduced body weight, linear growth and food intake (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 66 (1987), S. 572-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus ; Ultradian growth hormone rhythm ; Insulin ; Body weight regulation ; Food intake ; Organismic set point
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Weanling male rats received bilateral electrolytic lesions in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei (DMNL rats); sham-operated animals served as controls. At the end of a 39-day postoperative period DMNL rats were lighter and shorter than controls and also exhibited significant hyopophagia. Their efficiency of food utilization (weight gained for the amount of food eaten) was normal, however. Subsequent determination of plasma growth hormone (GH) and insulin (IRI) levels every 15 min for 6-h periods from freely moving chronically cannulated rats showed no differences in pulsatile patterns and peaks of GH nor in plasma IRI levels between DMNL rats and controls. There was also no significant difference between mean 6-H GH and IRI concentrations between the two groups. The reduced body weight, length and food intake are apparently unrelated to the normal GH and IRI secretory patterns. In conjunction with previous data indicating normal somatomedin activity and normal responses to various homeostatic challenges, the data make a strong case for the argument that DMNL rats are not “growth-retarded”. Rather, they are normal animals that are “scaled-down” to a smaller size with maintenance of normal homeostatic capacity. This has been hypothesized to be due to the existence in these animals of an “organismic” set point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270690
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of opioid receptors in diabetes and hyperglycemia-induced changes in pain threshold in the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 93 (1987), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Opioid receptors ; Diabetes ; Hyperglycemia ; Insulin ; Naloxone ; Streptozotocin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of opioid receptors in diabetes and hyperglycemia-induced analgesia was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals maintained under controlled environmental conditions were used in all studies. Pain latency was determined by the hot plate test (55° C) and analgesy-meter force method. The results of these studies indicate that streptozotocin-induced diabetic animals have a significantly higher pain threshold (P〈0.01) than the control groups. The pain threshold was found to be diurnally controlled with a peak at the beginning of the light phase (1000 hours) and a trough at the end of the dark phase (0800 hours). Diabetes-induced analgesia was found to be reversed by both acute or chronic insulin administration. In another study, glucose-induced hyperglycemic rats were found to have a significantly higher pain threshold (P〈0.01) than control animals, with a peak occurring at the beginning of the dark phase (2000 hours), and a trough at the begining of the light phase (0800 hours). The administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone (2 mg/kg) reversed the hyperglycemia and diabetic-induced analgesia. The results of these studies might indicate that analgesia found in diabetic or hyperglycemic animals may be related to the endogenous opioid system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00179928
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The simulated dynamics of the insulin monomer and their relationship to the molecule's structure (1987)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 14 (1987), S. 449-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Insulin ; conformers ; molecular dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Insulin crystallizes in different forms, some of which show different conformations for the different molecules in the asymmetric unit. This observation leads to the question as to which conformation the molecule will adopt in solution. Molecular dynamics computer simulations of rhombohedral 2 Zn pig insulin have been carried out for both monomers (1 and 2) independently in order to study their behaviour in the absence of quaternary structure and crystal packing forces. These preliminary 120 ps simulations suggest that both monomers converge in solution to very similar conformations which differ from the X-ray structures of both monomer 1 and 2 (Chinese nomenclature), but are closer to the former, as has previously been suggested by an analysis of the crystal packing (Chothia et al. 1983) and by energy minimization (Wodak et al. 1984). The secondary structure of the molecules is basically preserved, as expected. A detailed description of the conformational changes is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293254
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction between endocrine and paracrine peptides in prenatal growth control (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 146 (1987), S. 113-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Prenatal growth ; Nutrition ; Insulin ; Placental lactogen ; Tissue growth factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The evidence reviewed here shows that the endocrinology of fetal growth is very different from that operating postnatally. Pituitary hormones play little part in stimulating growth of the lean body mass or skeleton although growth hormone (GH) may be involved, in some as yet ill defined way in the ontogeny of the fetal pancreatic islet and insulin secretion. Insulin is important because it stimulates fetal cellular anabolism but acts in a permissive manner: with too little insulin growth is inhibited, with too much growth proceeds at a genetically predetermined rate. Placental lactogen (PL), or other peptides within the GH/PL family, may act as a true growth-promoting hormone in the fetus; it stimulates both cellular metabolism and mitosis. The part played by endocrine control mechanisms in the fetus is set in context by an appreciation of the importance of locally acting tissue growth factors, and in particular the somatomedins. Their part in fetal growth control is intimately bound up with the plane of nutrition experienced by the fetus. It is concluded that the simplest analysis that makes biological sense involves a consideration of hormones, tissue growth factors and nutrition, not hierarchically but as mutually interacting variables.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02343214
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forskolin inhibition of hexose transport in cardiomyocytes (1987)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 409 (1987), S. 158-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Heart ; Myocyte ; Glucose ; Insulin ; Catecholimines ; Cyclic AMP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of insulin, forskolin, isoproterenol, and epinephrine on 3-O-methylglucose (hexose) transport and cell cyclic AMP levels were determined in adult rat cardiomyocytes. Insulin stimulated hexose transport in these cells an average of 2.5-fold. Initial hexose transport rates at 1 mM hexose were 3.75×10−2 nmol/mg cell protein/second in the absence of insulin, and 8.25×10−2 nmol/mg cell protein/second in the presence of 12.3 μM insulin. Forskolin at 5 μM nearly abolished hexose transport within 3 s of exposure, but did not increase cell cyclic AMP concentrations within 9 s. The apparentK i for hexose transport inhibition was about 0.3 μM forskolin. Epinephrine and isoproterenol at 50 μM increased cell cyclic AMP 4-fold during 9 s exposure, but did not affect hexose transport. Treatment of cells with these catecholamines of forskolin for up to 99 s increased cell cyclic AMP, but only forskolin inhibited hexose transport. We coclude from these results that forskolin acts on hexose transport independent of its action on adenyl cyclase, and that cyclic AMP does not inhibit or stimulate hexose transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584765
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxytocin-like immunoreactive nerves are associated with insulin-containing cells in pancreatic islets of anglerfish (Lophius americanus) (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Anglerfish islet ; Oxytocin ; Insulin ; Innervation ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent reports indicate that oxytocin exerts direct effects on the release of insulin and glucagon from the endocrine pancreas of the rat. The purpose of this study was to determine whether oxytocin-like immunoreactivity is present in the anglerfish islet, and if it is associated with subsets of hormone-producing cells. Antisera against oxytocin, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, neuropeptide Y, and the 200 — kd neurofilament polypeptide were applied to serial 5 μm sections of pancreatic islets. The antiserum to the 200 — kd neurofilament polypeptide labeled nerve bundles and axons, some of which were also stained with the oxytocin antiserum. Oxytocin immunoreactivity was observed in large nerves that branched into varicose fibers. These fibers were consistently associated only with clusters of insulin-producing cells. Successive application of oxytocin and insulin antisera to the same section provided additional verification of this relationship. Oxytocin-labeled nerves were not associated with cells immunoreactive to glucagon, somatostatin, or neuropeptide Y (anglerfish peptide Yg). The results demonstrate that oxytocin or an oxytocin-like peptide is located in fibers that surround only insulin-producing cells in the anglerfish islet. Although the functional significance of this observation remains to be determined, the results imply that oxytocin, or an oxytocin-like peptide, may affect the synthesis or release of insulin from anglerfish islets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215412
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin-, glucagonand somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the endocrine pancreas of the lungfish,Neoceratodus forsteri (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endocrine pancreas ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; Somatostatin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neoceratodus forsteri (Australian lungfish)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The endocrine pancreas of the Australian lungfish,Neoceratodus forsteri, was investigated immunocytochemically for the presence of polypeptide hormone-producing cells. Three cell types were identified, namely insulin-, glucagon-, and somatostatin-immunoreactive elements. The insulin cells are confined solely to the center of the islets. Glucagon and somatostatin cells are distributed peripherally around the central mass of the insulin cells. Isolated cells or clusters of glucagon and somatostatin cells are also dispersed within the exocrine parenchyma. The immunoreactive cell types are compared with those staining with standard histological procedures. The spatial relationships of the different cell populations are examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239979
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-and insulin-immunoreactivity in the pancreas of neonatal rats after injection of streptozotocin at birth (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 89-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: TRH ; Insulin ; Pancreas ; Streptozotocin ; Regeneration ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Streptozotocin treatment at birth induces, in the pancreas of rats, first depletion of insulin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone and then early regeneration ofβ cells and insulin, but not TRH. This study was undertaken to investigate whether the reduction in pancreatic TRH content can be associated with changes in the intensity and the distribution of TRH-immunoreactivity, and to follow the pattern of regeneration ofβ cells through insulin- and TRH-immunoreactivity. In control animals, strong TRH-immunoreactivity was seen in insulin-containing cells on days 1–4 after birth. At day 7, the TRH-immunoreactivity was already decreased. In contrast, insulin-immunoreactivity was present throughout the neonatal period. A sparse population of cells near ducts also contained both TRH- and insulin-immunoreactivity at 1–2 days age. In streptozotocin-treated animals, TRH-immunoreactivity is found only in a few scattered insulin-containing cells in altered islets on days 1–4. Near the ducts, there were new insulin-containing cells which did not contain TRH. From day 7 regeneration of endocrine cells was characterized by new, typical islets, but these contained insulin-, but not TRH-immunoreactivity. These findings suggest a differential control of the biosynthesis of insulin and TRH within the pancreas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239967
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunostaining of a cell type in the islets of Langerhans of the monkey Macaca irus by antibodies against S-100 protein (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Islets of Langerhans ; S-100 protein ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; Somatostatin ; Pancreatic polypeptide ; Neuro-insular complex ; Monkey, Macaca irus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary S-100 protein-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated by immunocytochemical procedures in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans in the monkey Macaca irus. By use of antibodies against human S-100 protein or bovine S-100 protein, these cells were observed in all islets in the head and tail portions of the pancreas. Immunostained cells were usually located in the center of the islets or sometimes found in a more widely distributed form, but they were never arranged in a regular concentric fashion. The number of immunoreactive cells varied from one islet to another but it was relatively limited making up only 0.75%–6.3% of all insular cells. With the use of the double-immunoenzymatic procedure for demonstration of the four main endocrine cell types (insulin-, glucagon-, somatostatin-and pancreatic polypeptide producing elements), it was possible to establish that S-100 protein-immunoreactive cells represent a distinct cell type. Antibodies against S-100 protein-stained neuroinsular complexes. The present findings speak in favor of a new cell type to be added to the large variety of S-100 protein-immunoreactive cells outside the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216541
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of dietary manipulations on blood glucose and hormonal responses following supramaximal exercise (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 56 (1987), S. 109-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Supramaximal exercise ; Diet ; Blood glucose ; Insulin ; Catecholamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of supramaximal exercise on blood glucose, insulin, and catecholamine responses were examined in 7 healthy male physical education students (mean±SD: age=21±1.2 years; $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2 max}}} } $$ =54±6 ml · kg−1 · min−1) in response to the following three dietary conditions: 1) a normal mixed diet (N); 2) a 24-h low carbohydrate (CHO) diet intended to reduce liver glycogen content (D1); and 3) a 24-h low CHO diet preceded by a leg muscle CHO overloading protocol intended to reduce hepatic glycogen content with increased muscle glycogen store (D2). Exercise was performed on a bicycle ergometer at an exercise intensity of 130% $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2 max}}} } $$ for 90 s. Irrespective of the dietary manipulation, supramaximal exercise was associated with a similar significant (p〈0.01) increase in the exercise and recovery plasma glucose values. The increase in blood glucose levels was accompanied by a similar increase in insulin concentrations in all three groups despite lower resting insulin levels in conditions D1 and D2. Lactate concentrations were higher during the early phase of the recovery period in the D2 as compared to the N condition. At cessation of exercise, epinephrine and norepinephrine were greatly elevated in all three conditions. These results indicate that the increase in plasma glucose and insulin associated with very high intensity exercise, persists in spite of dietary manipulations intended to reduce liver glycogen content or increase muscle glycogen store. These data suggest that the blood glucose increase following supramaximal exercise is most likely related to hepatic glycogenolysis in spite of a substantial decrease in liver glycogen content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696385
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of gamma-irradiation upon the chemical and biological properties of insulin (1987)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 9 (1987), S. 172-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Chromatography ; Drug stability ; Gamma rays ; Insulin ; Sterilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Partially purified insulin preparations of bovine and porcine origin, were subjected to gamma-irradiation with doses ranging from 1.0 up to 25 kGy (0.1–2.5 Mrad) at 0
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01967537
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