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  • 1995-1999
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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (95)
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  • 1995-1999
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  • 1965-1969  (56)
  • 1960-1964  (39)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequential substrate removal by activated sludge after a change in salt concentration (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 371-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previous studies indicated that when cells grown in a NaCl-free glucose medium were subjected to a high salt concentration, cellular constituents were released which were metabolized by the cells in preference to glucose. In the present study, cells grown on glucose in high salt medium were subjected to a shock loading of salt-free medium. In this case, the resulting lysate was not used in preference to glucose; the lysate was metabolized only after an acclimation period following glucose utilization. It was shown by injecting chloramphenicol into the reaction liquor during glucose metabolism that new protein synthesis was required in order to metabolize the lysate. This response represents an additional way in which a rapid change in salt concentration can adversely affect biological treatment of waste waters, and a new type of situation in which sequential removal of substrates occurs.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080305
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on automatically aerated biosynthetic processes. II. Occurrence and elimination of CO2 during penicillin biosynthesis (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 337-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Oxygen uptake of Penicillium chrysogenum hyphae growing in automatically aerated deep cultures was the subject of local and periodical change. The change depended on the concentration of carbon dioxide which accumulated in the gas phase of system during the evolution of foam bubbles, and which was suddenly liberated when the foam was destroyed. The actual concentration of sunflower oil added as an antifoaming agent also influenced the oxygen uptake of culture.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080303
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scale-up of the activated sludge processPresented at the 150th Meeting of The American Chemistry Society, Sept. 1965, Atlantic City, New Jersey. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 405-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080308
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen transfer into mycelial pellets (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 456-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080311
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of manganese and other heavy metals on submerged citric acid fermentation of molasses (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 465-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The addition of as little as 2 ppb of manganese to ferrocyanide-treated beet molasses during citric acid fermentation by Aspergillus niger NRC A-1-233 caused a 10% reduction in acid yield and undesirable change in the morphology of the organism from the normal pelletlike form to the filamentous from. Still smaller additions (0.4-2ppb) caused undesirable pellet clumping, while greater additions (2-100 ppb) gave further decreases in yield. The yield obtained at 100 ppb was less than 25% of that obtained at 1 ppb or less. None of the other metals tested (Al3+, Ca2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) visibly changed pellet morphology, and only Al3+, Fe2+, and Zn2+ at relatively higher concentrations (5-25ppm) reduced acid yield. The adverse effect of manganese on growth and acid production was not affected by addition of the other metals.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080402
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scale-up of antibiotic fermentations by control of oxygen utilizationPresented before the 140th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, Illinois, September 1961. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 525-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Oxygen Utilization as a scale-up parameter is evaluated in two antibiotic-producing fermentations. This method of scale-up was used in tank-to-tank and in flash-to-flash scale-up studies. Antibiotic yields and cell weight trends were generally duplicated in the replicate runs, with some discrepancy noted in chlortetracycline yields at high aeration levels. The apparatus for measuring oxygen consumption rates and for automatically controlling oxygen utilization, according to a predetermined pattern, is described.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080406
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The theoretical aspects of biochemical fuel cells (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 581-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Biological systems can be used in three types of fuel cell: depolarization (or concentration) cell, product cell, and redox cell. The possibilities and theoretical limitations of each type of cell have been considered in terms of the metabolic activities of microorganisms and the coupling of these to electrochemical systems. The use of cell extracts and enzymes, particularly in an insoluble form, has been discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080410
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The production of bacteriophage μ2 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 195-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In three series of experiments, 3-l., 20-l., and 150-l. bacterial cultures were grown in stirred, deep culture vessels to average bacterial cell densities of 71 × 108, 63 × 108, and 43 × 108 viable organisms per milliliter, respectively, and then infected with phage. The average yield of progeny phage in each case was ca. 3000 mpfu (minimum plaque-forming units) per cell. Thus, the average mass of phage obtained in the 3-l. experiments was not less than 124 mg./l., calculated from the plaque counts, assuming a particle size of 3.6 × 106 Daltons for the μ2 phage. This is about twentyfold higher than is obtainable by conventional methods in aerated, shaken culture flasks. The actual phage yields are probably much higher than the minimum values calculated from plaque counts. For example, in the case of one of our culture lysates which was purified at King's College, the efficiency of plating was shown to be only 19%. The carbon dioxide evolution rate of cultures was measured and used as a guide to the time at which phage should be added. In this way, greater control of cultural conditions was obtained than is possible in shaken flasks. For the best yield of phage per milliliter of culture, the optimum time for phage infection was such that bacterial lysis just prevented the carbon dioxide evolution rate from reaching its potential maximum. The major factor influencing the phage yield per milliliter of culture was the aeration capacity of the culture vessel used. All had maximum aeration capacities much higher than those obtainable in shaken culture flasks. Cultures grown and infected in 3-l. Vessel operated under conditions of low aeration gave poor yields of phage. The reason for this are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080203
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An automatic apparatus for inoculating, growing, and harvesting microorganisms (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 453-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080310
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disintegration by freeze-pressing. III. A method for disintegration of large quantities of material (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 461-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080312
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer and mixing rates in fermentation vessels (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 25-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects on mass-transfer and overall mixing rates of varying impeller geometry and operating speed have been studied for flat-bladed turbines in laboratory fermentors, in aerated aqueous solutions, and in unaerated and aerated suspensions (1.6% w/v) of paper pulp. In the absence of suspended solid, oxygen absorption rates could be correlated directly with power input. In the pulp suspension, oxygen absorption at a given power input was influenced by impeller geometry and operating speed. The data for the three-phase system can be correlated by a dimensionless equation relating oxygen-transfer rates and mixing times to the geometrical and operating parameters of the impellers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080104
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of equipment scale and degree of mixing on continuous fermentation yield at low dilution rates (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 85-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previously, the degree of mixing was not felt to be an important consideration in fermentor design. In this study on the continuous propagation of Baker's yeast, it was found that at low dilution rates, i.e., 0.02hr-1, the degree of mixing achieved does effect the cell yield. At low dilution rates, appreciable quantities of sugar can be utilized for endogenous respiration in comparison to that utilized for making cell mass. Poor distribution of the sugar aggravates the balance of sugar utilized for each process. Yields at these low dilution rates can be improved to a limited extent by using a multiple feed-distribution system and better mixing.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080108
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stochastic models for sterilization (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 167-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Probabilistic models for the killing of microorganisms are formulated and described. The utility of the models is illustrated by applying them to the optimization of an idealized fermentation process.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080114
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction to mass culture of unusual microorganisms (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 193-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080202
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of hydrogen bacteria (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 217-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A brief review of the development of our knowledge about hydrogen bacteria is presented, with emphasis on the characteristics and physiological differences of various Hydrogenomonas species. One species, Hydrogenomonas eutropha, is discussed in greater detail. Nutritional requirements, physical factors affecting growth, and equipment used for culturing 100-ml. shake cultures and 15-1.mass cultures of H. eutropha are described. Cell-free extracts of H. eutropha carry out the oxyhydrogen reaction as demonstrated by the alternate reduction and oxidation of endogenous flavins and cytochromes by molecular hydrogen and oxygen, respectively. Spectra of cell-free extracts of this organism show the presence of cytochromes of the c and b1 types. A cytochrome of the o type was also found, but none of the a cytochromes were detected. The sum of a series of enzymatic reactions shown to be catalyzed by these extracts can account for the oxidation of hydrogen by oxygen.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080204
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation, characterization, and growth of basidiomycetes (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 275-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Our program on the mass cultivation of basidiomycetes was designed to determine whether these organisms, being more highly differentiated than bacteria, molds, and yeasts, would in turn carry out markedly different reactions on natural products. A discussion of our methods of isolating and characterizing a representative collection of basidiomycetes and of our difficulties in obtaining pure cultures which grew well is presented. Some information we obtained on the growth and types of products that these organisms produced in a synthetic medium is discussed. Our techniques for examining fermentation beers for transformation products from indole compounds and from progesterone are explained, and the types of products we obtained are described.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080208
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple semiautomatic apparatus for adaptation of microorganisms to a new medium (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 318-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080212
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass culture of the protozoa Colpoda steiniiSupported by Grant No. FR 00214 from the National Institutes of Health. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 287-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Growth of the ciliate, Colpoda steinii, was studied in shake flasks, 30-l., stirred jars, and a conventional 50-gal. stainless-steel fermentor. This organism was growth with either washed or unwashed Escherichia coli cells as the sole food source. Generation times of 3-4 hr. were obtained at 30°C. With average yields of 78% (0.78 g. of protozoa/g. of bacteria). In a 100-l. fermentation, a dry weight concentration of 12.5 g./l. (1.04 × 107 protozoa/ml.) was reached by means of periodic addition of E. coli paste. The influence of bacterial concentration on the growth rate of the protozoa was also investigated. It was found that this relationship could be represented by a Michaelis-Menten equation with a maximum specific growth rate of 0.23 hr. -1 (3-hr. generation time) and a bacterial concentration for half-maximum growth rate of 6.0 mg. (dry wt.)/l.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080209
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The preservation of N. Gonorrhoeae by controlled-rate freezing followed by storage in liquid nitrogen (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 315-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080211
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foam separation of Escherichia Coli with a cationic surfactant (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 323-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental investigation of the foam separation of E. coli from distilled water suspension using a cationic surface-active agent, ethylhexadecyldimethyl-ammonium bromide (EHDA-Br) is presented. Results are evaluated in terms of total cell count, using a membrane filtration technique. Cell concentrations in the initial suspensions are varied from 5.0 × 105 to 1.0 × 108 cells/ml. Surfactant concentrations in the initial cell suspensions are varied from 0.015 to 0.040 mg./ml., and foaming times are varied from 2 to 20 min. The residual quantity of cells decreases exponentially with foaming time to about 0.02% of the initial quantity after 20 min. The cell enrichment ratio, varying from 10 to 1,000,000, is an inverse power function of the initial surfactant concentration and an exponential function of foaming time. Foaminess decreases with increasing initial cell concentrations, and for an initial surfactant concentration of 0.030 mg./ml., the residual cell concentration is a linear function of the initial cell concentration.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080302
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scale-up from laboratory activated sludge and trickling filter units to prototype designThis paper was presented at the 150th Annual Meeting of The American Chemical Society, Division of Microbial Chemistry and Technology, Sept. 12-17, 1965, Atlantic City, New Jersey. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 389-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080307
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yield in continuous aerobic bacterial fermentationPresented by Edward J. Martin at the 150th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Microbial Chemistry and Technology Division, Atlantic City, New Jersey, September 13-16, 1965. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 433-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Presented is a mathematical model for the continuous-flow steady-state bacterial culture which permits the experimental determination of carbon transfer rates within the system by use of radioactive tracer techniques. The transfer rates are specific for hydraulic loading rates, feed concentrations, type of organism, and substrate, and were incorporated within the existing theoretical description of the growth kinetics in order to elucidate the yield relationships. The carbon transfer rate of cells to soluble organic substrate was observed to exhibit a minimum value at or near dilution rate D = 0.5 hr.-1. A maximum effective yield coefficient, Y, was observed at the same value of D. At dilution rates greater and less than D = 0.5 hr.-1, the cell-substrate transfer rate increased, and effective yield coefficient was observed to decrease. The former showed increases of 50-200%, and the latter exhibited decreases of the order of 10%. The magnitude of these variations would seem to be significant in industrial fermentation processes which utilize continuous microbiological cultures. In light of these findings, the results of other researchers were shown to exhibit maximum effective yield at similar dilution rates or process loadings.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080309
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous-culture system for ecological studies of microorganisms (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 473-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An improved system is presented for measurement of interactions between a number of individual bacterial species. In the procedure, steady-state populations are fed into a common-mixed-culture vessel. Generation times of each species are determined under these conditions and contrasted with generation time in an identical situation in pure culture. Populations for generation time are determined with the aid of differential media. The mechanical system includes three types of peristaltic pumps for media feed and a unit for measurement, recording, and/or control of pH. A new type of anaerobic continuous-culture vessel which can be inoculated, sampled, and fed continuously is also described. A functional test of a three-part system including Streptococcus salivarius, Veilloncella alcalescens, and Staphylococcus aureus is presented. An unusual feature was the finding that, under certain conditions, the generation time of S. Salivarius was less than 10 min.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080403
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apparatus for monitoring the oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production of fermentationsPresented before the 148the National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, Ill., September, 1964. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 539-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The requirements of the continuous analysis of effluent gas streams from aerated flash and tank fermentors are described, as are instrumental devices for measuring the oxygen and carbon dioxide content of fermentor gases. The use of a specially designed sequential gas sample for monitoring four fermentations simultaneously and a system for precise control of low air flow and pressure is explained. Equations for calculating carbon dioxide production or oxygen consumption rates and respiratory quotients are given. A discussion of the operating characteristics of a device for automatic translation of aeration data between fermentors is presented.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080407
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aeration studies. IV. Aeration conditions in 3000-liter submerged fermentations with various microorganisms (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 595-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080411
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Power requirement in non-newtonian fermentation broth (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 43-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Power requirements in the agitation of non-Newtonian fermentation broths with and without aeration were measured by a strain gage-type dynamometer. Broth from the production of gluc-amylase by Endomyces species and carboxymethyl cellulose solutions were used as non-Newtonian fluids. In gas-liquid agitation systems, the correlation between Pg and P02 ND3/Q0.56 observed by Michel and Miller was found to be applicable to non-Newtonian fluids in laminar and transition regions. This was particularly true for fluids with apparent viscosities larger than 300 cp. The impeller diameter and impeller blade width had considerable effects on power consumption in a nongassed system. It was suggested, therefore, that Pg/P0 should be correlated by a dimensionless term involving some impeller-size factors.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080105
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
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    Dissolved oxygen measurements in pilot- and production-scale novobiocin fermentations (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 97-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dissolved oxygen measurements were made in pilot (20 and 250 l.) and production scale (15,000 l.) novobiocin fermentations. Bulk mixing was found to be incomplete in pilot tanks with turbine impellers of D/T = 0.40 (where D is impeller diameter, and T is tank diameter) but appeared homogeneous with impellers of D/T = 0.69. In the former case, the respiration rate was presumably limited by insufficient oxygen supply in areas of poor bulk mixing, whereas, in the latter case, the major resistance was between the bulk of the liquid and the cell (intraclump resistance). Higher agitator speeds decreased the gas-liquid resistance proportionally more than they reduced the liquid-cell resistance. In production fermentors, dissolved oxygen measurements indicated that bulk mixing was complete with each of the three impeller sizes tested (D/T = 0.28, 0.33, and 0.43), but that the respiration rate was again limited, mainly by a resistance between the bulk of the liquid and the cell.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080109
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen-absorption rate-controlled feeding of substrate into aerobic microbial culturesWork done at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nutrition and Food Science. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 117-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A system of automatic control of substrate inflow into an aerated culture of microorganisms which depend on oxygen-absorption rate (OAR) has been devised and tested. As the control variable, dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC), which shows the equilibrium between OAR and oxygen-uptake rate in the microbial culture, was chosen. If the equilibrium is disturbed by changes in OAR, then the oxygen-uptake rate is changed by substrate limitation. The DOC is measured by means of a Clark-type polarographic electrode, and the signal is used to actuate the substrate inflow valve or pump. The oxygen-uptake rate changes of microorganisms, after the addition or exhaustion of substrate in the medium, are so rapid that they can be used for this type of control.Fundamental equations were derived and graphical solutions for the control system parameters were suggested for the steady-state relations between DOC, oxygen-uptake rate, specific growth rate, substrate concentration, KLa, and concentration of microorganisms. The system is stable in the entire range of the uptake rates up to nearly the maximum attainable in unlimited substrate conditions, and can be operated in batch feed or continuous flow modifications. It was experimentally tested with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The complete utilization of aeration-system capacity of the fermentor was achieved with high yeast yield and no alcohol formation. The quality of the product was excellent.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080111
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
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    Microflotation: New low gas-flow rate foam separation technique for bacteria and algae (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 135-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Foam separation of microorganisms has been investigated with varying success by many workers, usually at high rates of gas flow. Microflotation was developed to overcome some of the disadvantages inherent in these high gas-flow-rate processes and is introduced in this paper as a new technique for the foam separation of microorganisms at low gas-flow rates. With microflotation, a stable surface phase is produced by adding an insoluble collector such as a long-chain fatty acid or amine. The formation of an insoluble surface phase eliminates the need for high foaming. Low rates of gas flow are used resulting in a more efficient separation and a less voluminous and drier surface phase upon which to collect the microorganisms. The efficiency of this technique is also improved by using flotation aids such as frothers and flocculents. Frothers are used to improve the collector properties of the surfactant and to refine further the small bubbles produced by a very fine sparger. Small concentrations of flocculents, such as alum, are used to partially agglomerate the organisms and provide sites for adsorption of collector. The work described in this paper is preliminary in nature, designed to illustrate that a low flow-rate process may be used to separate microorganisms and to stimulate further research. The applications discussed are removal of the bacterium, Escherichia coli, and alum, and two species of algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella ellipsoidea, using stearylamine without alum. The frother used was ethanol.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080112
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  • 30
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    Automatic multichannel recording of oxidation-reduction potentials in biological media (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 189-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080116
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
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    Aeration is submerged fermentation (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 297-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Observations on quantitative relationships between oxygen diffusion rate and product formation were made with penicillin, bacitracin, and gluconic acid. For penicillin and gluconic acid formation, no toxic oxygen concentration could be achieved in the broth, whereas concentration above approximately 7 mg. O2/l. suppressed the bacitracin yield to an ever increasing extent. The intensity of mixing was measured by means of distributing a dye. With penicillin formation as an example, it was shown that the antibiotic yield is not only dependent on maintenance of a certain oxygen diffusion rate, but also on ensuring a necessary minimal mixing.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080210
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080301
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  • 33
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    Development of a cross-flow fermentation process with special reference to chlortetracycline production (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 353-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080304
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
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    Biotechnology and bioengineering news (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 464-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080313
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  • 35
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    Kinetics of polysaccharide B-1459 fermentationPresented at the 150th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Division of Microbial Chemistry and Technology, Atlantic City, New Jersey, September 12-17, 1965. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 511-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Polysaccharide gum was made by fermentation with Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 in a medium of glucose, minerals, and distillers' solubles. The effect of distillers' solubles on growth rate can be described by the familiar saturation equation. Although a quasistoichiometric relationship was observed between nitrogen utilization and growth, total nitrogen supply was not growth limiting, nor was polymer formation growth associated. Cell growth primarily took place in the early part of the fermentation; polysaccharide biosynthesis occurred throughout the fermentation. Glucose was converted to polysaccharide at a fairly constant yield, which was 70-80% of glucose consumed, under optimum conditions. The kinetic patterns observed indicate that multistage continuous fermentation will be suitable for polysaccharide production.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080405
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of normal alkanes by yeasts (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 549-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A stable mixed yeast culture designated as Culture 4, consisting of Candida intermedia and Candida lipolytica was investigated. The culture was judged stable based on uniformity of fermentation results and the nearly constant ratio of the two organisms at the completion of fermentations. However, the ratio of the two organisms at different times during the fermentation was not determined. The mixed culture grew more rapidly on n-alkanes than did C. intermedia; C. lipolytica did not grow on unsupplemented mineral salt-n-alkane medium. Solid n-alkanes were dissolved in 2,6,0,14-tetramethylpentadecane (pristane) for investigation as carbon sources. With Culture 4, on n-alkanes ranging from pentadecane (C15) through octacosane (C28), cell yields were 74.2-89.5%; generation times were 3.0-8.0 hr. during the exponential growth phase. The fastest growth rates and highest cell yields were obtained with docosane (C22) as substrate. The cells obtained contained 6.75-8.81% nitrogen and 1.9-13.4% lipid. Crude protein yields were 34.4-47.6%. The oxidation of n-alkanes by C. intermedia was studied manometrically with resting whole cells. The alkaneoxidizing system of this organism appears to be constitutive and nonspecific for alkane substrates.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080408
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  • 37
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    Heat sterilization of activated carbon (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 631-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080414
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080401
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  • 39
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    Gas monitor and control unit for cell culture systemContribution No. 2, Cell Physiology Facility: Investigations herein reported were conducted under Grant No. ES 30-02, United States Public Health Service, Bureau of State Services. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 489-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Meta-Stat gas monitor, a component instrument which automatically monitors and controls the pH and gas content of the liquid phase in suspension cell-culture systems, has been developed to provide continuous pH control within ± 0.015 units, as well as continuous oxygen control within 0.5% of the preset level in the range of 0-40% O2.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080404
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of gas oil by a yeast culture (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 567-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mixed yeast culture (Culture 4) was grown on representative gas oil samples as well as paraffin wax. Culture 4 was found to utilize n-paraffinic hydrocarbons almost quantitatively from most gas oil fractions; significant alteration of other hydrocarbon components was not detected. Generation times of 4.0-9.0hr. were typical during the exponential growth phase in fermentations with various gas oil fractions. Cell yields were 70-90% based on n-paraffin utilization. The culture appeared to exhibit maximum efficiency of n-alkane removal in the C19 to C24 range. The cells recovered from the fermentations contained 8.8-9.3% nitrogen. Paraffin wax also served as a suitable carbon source when dissolved in 2,6,10,14-tertramethylpentadecane (pristane). However, substrate utilization appeared to be incomplete.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080409
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermentation mixing scale-up techniques (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 3-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Scale-up of a mixing process in fermentation involves breaking the process down into individual but interrelated steps. The effect of mixing on gas-liquid absorption, fluid shear rates, blending, and heat transfer allows each to be considered separately. A method of estimating the mixer size required in a full-scale system from pilot studies illustrates the application of a particular technique.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080103
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  • 42
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    Electronic Resource
    A model system for evaluating shear in the design of stirred fermentors (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 71-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model system, utilizing shear-sensitive protozoa, has been developed for characterizing the disruptive forces in agitated systems. The model system gives a measure of the maximum shear stresses in the apparatus being tested, and is particularly useful when tissue fragility is a factor in fermentor design. The time dependency of protozoan disruption is shown and discussed. Breakdown data in conventional stirred vessels and a laminar shear device are presented and discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080107
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sterilization of tissue-culture medium by filtration on a large laboratory scale (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 153-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The design and operation of a permanently-piped plant for sterilizing 10-200 l. of tissue-culture media is described. The plant is sterilized in situ by steam injection, the filtration rate is 2-3 l./min., and the turn-around time for volumes of 100 l. is about 3 hr.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080113
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080201
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  • 45
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    Mass culture of red halophilic bacteriaIssued as N.R.C. contribution No. 8981. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 237-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Extremely halophilic bacteria, which are able to grow in, and require, saturated or near-saturated salt solutions are both of historical interest and of practical importance as food spoilage organisms. In addition, because of the environment in which they live, their membranes, enzymes, and ribosomes have unusual or unique properties that make them especially worthy of physiological study. A simple method for growing large quantities of extreme halophiles is described, and various growth media, both complex and synthetic are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080205
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  • 46
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    A chemically defined fermentation medium for the growth of Micromonospora purpurea (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 259-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A chemically defined medium for Micromonospora purpurea has been devised, consisting of glucose, a nitrogen source, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, dibasic potassium phosphate, and the required trace quantities of iron, copper, zinc, and manganese. Using washed cell inocula, dry mycelial weights of more than 16 mg./ml. were obtained in 7-day shaken-flask fermentations. Nutrient requirements for M. purpurea are discussed and growth data presented. Sucrose, maltose, starches and dextrins could be substituted for glucose, and resulted in good growth of the organism. A number of amino acids and inorganic nitrogen-containing compounds were capable of utilization as sole nitrogen sources. Weekly serial transfers of the culture in defined medium have shown no diminution in mycelial weights over a four-month period.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080207
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  • 47
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    Studies on the response of activated sludge to shock-loadings (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 321-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080213
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080101
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  • 49
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    Introduction (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 1-1 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080102
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
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    Gas absorption in a stirred vessel: Locale of transfer action (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 55-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: By means of gas-absorption experiments in a stirred vessel, with various depths of liquid above a properly positioned single-opening pipe-type gas sparger, conclusions are reached about relative contributions to the overall absorption rate by localized actions near the sparger tip, in the impeller region, and from bubbles distributed in the bulk volume of the fluid. Results are discussed for difficulty soluble gases (oxygen in water and chlorine in water) and a substantially soluble gas (chlorine in benzene). In all cases, dissolution rates in the vicinity of the sparger and impeller were significantly large compared with those near free bubbles.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080106
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  • 51
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    Studies with a multiple-rod mixing impeller (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The performance of a multiple-rod mixing impeller was compared to that of conventional turbine impellers in viscous novobiocin beers. The advantages of the multiple-rod impeller were found to be: (1) the power requirement was independent of changes in apparent viscosity of the fermentation beer; and (2) it gave the same novobiocin yield and oxygen-availability rate at about one-half of the power required by turbines.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080110
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  • 52
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    Design and operation of a simple continuous-culture apparatus (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A versatile and simple continuous-culture apparatus is described. With this apparatus, independent control of limiting growth factors and other nutrilites is possible and the conditions of each experiment are reproducible. In view of the synchronized speed of the feeder syringes, flow variation troubles are not encountered. The device allows the performance of growth experiments at different dilution rates simultaneously in a single run which makes the comparison of the results more reliable. The operation of the device has been tested successfully with a study of adenine deaminase induction in yeast.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080115
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    Propagation of Bacillus popilliae in laboratory fermentors (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 247-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The insect pathogen Bacillus popilliae Dutky causes a fatal milky disease of Japanese beetle larvae. Spores of the bacterium offer a biological means of controlling this insect. While satisfactory sporulation in vitro has not yet been accomplished, conditions have been developed for the proliferation of vegetative cells in shaken flasks and aerated fermentors. Vegetative cultures are maintained by frequent transfer or by lyophilization. Media based on yeast extract are used routinely, but corn steep liquor and casein hydrolyzates afford comparable yields of 5 × 108 cells/ml. in 16-24 hr. Nutritional requirements have been established for growth in a synthetic medium. Oxygen availability affects the pathway of carbohydrate catabolism and is necessary for optimal growth. In rapidly growing cultures, a short period of maximum viability is characteristically followed by rapid death of the cells. When inoculum size and transfer time are suitably manipulated, viable cell yields reach 1-2 × 109/ml. Alternative methods of propagation, including the addition of particulate carbon, and procedures designed either to neutralize acids or to remove metabolic products by dialysis, do not markedly enhance the yield of cells per volume of medium, although viability may be prolonged.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080206
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    Improved model of a steam-sterilizable electrode for dissolved oxygen determination in culture media (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 621-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080412
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    Aeration of concentrated activated sludgePresented at the 150th Annual Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, New Jersey, Sept. 11-17, 1965. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 379-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A multiphase project has been planned to develop a new biological process capable of economically treating high BOD wastes. Herein is presented the results of the first phase of the program, in which the feasibility of growing concentrated microbial cultures was investigated and the oxygen and power requirements for maintaining such cultures were determined. An example is given of the scale-up of power requirements for oxygen transfer in a prototype system.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080306
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  • 56
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    A simple circuit for temperature compensation of membrane-covered electrodes for the determination of oxygen (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 625-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080413
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  • 57
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    Production of polysaccharide with Xanthomonas campestris (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 51-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Industrially important polysaccharides are now primarily obtained from plant sources. One exception is the exocellular bacterial polysaccharide, dextran. A survey at the Northern Laboratory revealed that many other microbial polysaccharides could be synthesized by the action of micro-organisms on starch-derived saccharides. Previous publications from this laboratory describe the production of the microbial polymer, phosphomannan, synthesized by the yeast Hansenula holstii. This paper describes the production of another polysaccharide, synthesized by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459.Fermentation of media containing 3 per cent dextrose, seeded with 5 per cent inoculum of X. campestris NRRL B-1459 and cultured aerobically at 28°C, is complete in 96 h. A light tan polymer is recovered in yields of 50 per cent, based on commercial dextrose, from the viscous fermentation broth by precipitation with methanol in the presence of an electrolyte. The viscosities of aqueous re-solutions containing 1 and 2 per cent of the polymer were 3,000 cP and 11,000 cP respectively.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030107
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    Ion-exchange chromatography of the streptomycin complex (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 79-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various studies have revealed the presence of several maltolproducing compounds in streptomycin preparations. These previous studies have utilized the techniques of counter-current distribution, column chromatography, paper chromatography, and electrophoresis. A system of cation-exchange chromatography has been reported which separates, at least partially, six components of the streptomycin complex. This technique involves the use of a gradient elution procedure.In addition to five maltol-producing compounds, another member of the complex is reported. The possible significance of such a compound is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030109
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    Percentage estimation of denitrifying bacteria (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 115-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030113
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  • 60
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    Masthead (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030401
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    The chemical sterilization of liquid media with beta-propiolactone and ethylene oxidePresented at the 138th National Meeting, American Chemical Society, New York, September 1960. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 311-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effectiveness of beta-propiolactone (BPL) and ethylene oxides as sterilants for liquid microbiological media was studied. Preliminary tests against heavy suspensions of B. coagulans in various media confirmed the sterilizing levels found by earlier investigators. In actinomycin fermentation tests, both compounds were found to sterilize effectively at concentrations up to 0·5 per cent without significant effects on the growth-promoting qualities of the medium. At the concentrations required to sterilize large numbers of spores (0·5-1·0 per cent), however, both agents exhibit inhibitory effects on the fermentation. In these cases BPL is less damaging than ethylene oxide.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030308
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  • 62
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    Dihydroxyacetone: Production and usesPresented at the 140th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, Illinois, September 1961. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 351-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Based on numerous reports in the literature, it appeared that the commerical production of dihydroxyacetone by microbial fermentation was not feasible due to the comparatively long duration of fermentation and the low total yield that could be obtained per fermentor. A new study has indicated that by adjusting environmental conditions and by modifying mash ingredients, commerical production of dihyroxyacetone via microbial oxidation of glycerol is practicable. The effect of these variables on the rate and extent of dihydroxyacetone production is discussed. The commerical and pharmaceutical uses of dihydroxyacetone and its derivatives is presented.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030404
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    Small-scale studies of microbiological oxidation of hydrocarbons to long-chain fatty acids (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 219-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Several strains of Pseudomonas, Nocardia and incompletely identified soil isolates have been grown in a mineral salts plus hydrocarbon medium, and the fatty acids produced by the organisms have been isolated, identified and estimated. The results of an estimation of the percentage conversion to these acids under varying experimental conditions is discussed in relation to the metabolic systems involved. Some indication has been obtained that the hydrocarbon breakdown pathway by these organisms is that of ω oxidation followed by β oxidation. Preliminary experiments carried out with one strain of organism, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5940, indicate that there may be some difference in the utilization of odd- and even-chain hydrocarbons by this organism. An improvement of 3 ·8-fold was obtained by using nitrate instead of ammonium nitrogen; 13-fold by using continuous instead of batch operation; and 8-fold by the use of liquid instead of solid paraffins, giving a total improvement of yield of 400-fold.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030302
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    Adsorption method for measuring the specific and average areas of cells (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 235-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a method for measuring the specific area (area/mass) of micro-organisms and the average area of cells, based on the adsorption of dyes.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030303
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    Redox potential changes in the 2-keto-L-gulonic acid fermentation - I. Correlation between redox potential and dissolved-oxygen concentrationData presented in this paper were taken from a thesis, submitted in June, 1961, to St. John's University, New York, as partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 241-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The redox potential changes in the oxidative fermentation of L-sorbose to 2-keto-L-gulonic acid were investigated, using a mutant strain of Pseudomonas. The growth medium contained sorbose as the sole carbohydrate source. It was found that the redox potential curve of the fermenting system indicated qualitatively the existing oxygen demand of the culture. Increasing aeration rates led to higher oxygen demand and lower redox potentials. A comparison of the redox potential curves revealed that although the amount of dissolved oxygen directly affected the respiration of the culture, it did not necessarily mean respiratory insufficiency. The redox potential difference between the aerated and the deoxygenated (nitrogen flushed) fermentation broth was found to be linearly proportional to the logarithm of the dissolved-oxygen concentration. This observation served as the basis of a new quantitative method of dissolved-oxygen measurement, for which the name differential redoxymetry was proposed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030304
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    Inhibition of microbiological breakdown of Δ1,4-androstadienedione with cyclic compounds (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 325-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030309
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    Mathematical models for the product accumulation in microbiolgical processes (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 95-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A production model consisting of one or more exponential decay functions is proposed to represent the rate of accumulation of a product per unit weight of cell. This, together with a cell age distribution function, is used to describe the product accumulation in a fermentation process.This postulate offers a unified concept applicable to both batch and continuous processes as well as problems arising from environmental changes. The idea is compatible with the current understanding of microbial physiology. It offers an interpretation for the controversy over cell-product ratios observed in some batch and continuous fermentations when treated as conventional chemical reaction. The proposed postulate fits reasonably well with the lysine and lactic acid processes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030111
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    Masthead (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030201
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    Masthead (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030101
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    Cation exchangers on a sugar-beet pulp base. Application for decontaminating radioactive waste water (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 7-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A cation exchanger suitable for decontaminating low and medium radioactive waste water was sought. Regeneration being considered undesirable, the exchange material had to be cheap and readily obtainable. Sugar-beet pulp, a weakly acidic cation exchanger, satisfies these conditions. Its capacity is about 0·62 mg eq. per gram of dry matter. In order to study the selectivity of the sugar-beet pulp exchanger, the equilibrium curve of the reaction was determined.This curve was found to have the shape of the hyperbola proposed by Waterman and Weber for the characterization of the course of simultaneous reactions. Sugar-beet pulp adsorbs the salts of the alkaline earth metals selectively in the presence of both Na+ and La+++. Sugar-beet pulp was used to decontaminate a solution containing 140BaCl2 and 140LaCl3 and having an activity of about 10-2 μc/ml. The results were satisfactory.By treating sugar-beet pulp with formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid, the amount of water bound to the pulp is very much decreased. By this treatment a cation exchanger is produced having a capacity per unit volume about six times greater than that of sugar-beet pulp. The capacity of this exchanger is about 0·5 mg eq. per gram of dry matter. The selective behaviour of sugar-beet pulp treated with formaldehyde is similar to that of unmodified sugar-beet pulp.By treating sugar-beet pulp with formaldehyde, hydrochloric acid and dilute sulphuric acid, a cation exchanger with very good mechanical and filtration properties is obtained. This exchanger has a capacity of about 1·3 mg eq. per gram of dry matter.It seems possible to employ the cation exchangers obtained by treatment of sugar-beet pulp with either formaldehyde and HCl or formaldehyde, HCl and H2SO4 also for purposes other than the removal of radioactive cations from water.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030103
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    The prediction of oxygen transfer rates in the presence of mould mycelium (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An empirical relationship of oxygen transfer rate and mould viscosity is discussed, which leads to equations for predicting the OTR of mould fermentations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030102
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    The disintegration of bacteria and other micro-organisms by the M.S.E.-Mullard Ultrasonic disintegrator (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 405-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two commercially available ultrasonic instruments are described, in which micro-organisms and other cells may be disintegrated.Sound waves (20 kc/s) are generated in the cell suspension by means of titanium velocity transformers (probes) coupled to a magnetostriction transducer. One instrument operating at 500 W will disintegrate from 2 to 500 ml, the other operating at 50 W from 1 ml to 30 ml.Yeast was used as a test organism but results on some other organisms are also given. Cell rupture is shown to be independent of sonically generated free radicals, but enzyme inactivation (alcohol dehydrogenase) is accelerated by free radicals. Increasing the viscosity, decreasing surface tension of the suspending medium, or the presence of CO2 decreases disintegration. The addition of solid nuclei such as powdered glass, as well as small air bubbles, increases disintegration.This is consistent with disintegration being due to cavitation, but does not indicate the precise mechanism of cell rupture. Some effects of sonic disruption are compared with disruption by other methods.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030408
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    An improved pH electrode assembly for pilot plant and plant fermentorsPresented 138th National Meeting, American Chemical Society, New York, N.Y., September, 1960. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 125-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A modified pH electrode assembly is desccribed which is capable of steam sterilization and which can be installed in steel fermentors of all sizes in a variety of ways. Its design is such that electrode life is prolonged and contamination hazards are reduced.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030203
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    A method for the preparation of undigested bacterial cell wallsThe work reported in this paper was made possible through Research Grant (E-2690) from the National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service, Bethesda, to the University of Pennsylvania. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 151-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The combination of low-temperature disintegration with gradient and pile centrifugation makes possible the preparation of bacterial cell walls under conditions preventing digestion.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030205
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  • 75
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    Bacterial sulphide production from sulphate-enriched spent distillery liquor - II (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 181-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Accumulation of volatile acids produced during anaerobic fermentation of distillery-spent liquor decreased the activity of Desulphovibrio desulphuricans employed in previously communicated studies; this caused a decrease in the reduction of sulphates to sulphides. An enriched strain of Desulphovibrio rubentschikii made in a synthetic mineral medium (NH4Cl, 1·0 g; MgSO4·7H2O, 2·0 g; NaCl, 10·0 g; CaSO4, 1·0 g; calcium acetate, 1·0 g; K2HPO4, 0·5 g; Mohrs' salt, trace in 1 l.) using calcium acetate as the substrate and carbon from the tap-water was gradually built up to a 3-1. volume. The amount of hydrogen sulphide in this medium was found to be 225 mg/l. The fermentation was next carried out in a synthetic medium containing volatile acids from distillery-spent liquor as the only substrate. A 3-1. fermentation set up with diluted distillery-spent liquor (300 ml or raw liquor in 3,000 ml of water), neutralized with NaOH to pH 7·2 and supplemented with calcium sulphate and 0·1 per cent urea, showed sulphide productions (calculated as milligrams of hydrogen sulphide per litre of raw distillery-spent liquid) of 2,000, 4,000 and 6,000 with 0·1, 1·0 and 2·0 per cent calcium sulphate in the charge respectively. The volatile acid content, expressed as acetic acid, was 18,564 mg/litre of raw distillery-spent liquor on an average throughout the study. The ratio of hydrogen sulphide produced per litre of raw distillery-spent liquor to the amount of volatile acids developed expressed in milliequivalents per litre of raw liquor during fermentation increased gradually from 0·1367 to 0·5567 in the presence of 0·1 to 2·0 per cent of calcium sulphate in the charge.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030208
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    Measurement of dissolved oxygen in fermentationsPublished with the approval of the Director of the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station. Supported in part by funds from Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Illinois. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 261-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two methods have been investigated for the measurement of dissolved oxygen in fermentations: the tubing method and the probe method. The sensing elements for both methods are steam-sterilizable and measure only the oxygen tension in the liquid phase. The tubing method is probably the most accurate and reliable method available for measurement of dissolved oxygen in fermentations but it requires extensive ancillary apparatus.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030306
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    A rapid estimation of prednisolone produced by fermentative oxidation (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analytical method has been devised for the rapid determination of prednisolone produced in a fermentative oxidation process. It allows frequent checking of concentrations of the prednisolone formed during the oxidation of hydrocortisone.The estimation of prednisolone in the presence of hydrocortisone is based upon the diversity of colour shown by the chromogens produced from these steroids by sulphuric acid and ethanol. Using the optimal reagent mixture and conditions, the interference of hydrocortisone is negligible. The steroids are extracted from the fermentation broth with ethyl acetate. One test takes about 20 min.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030202
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    Miso - I. Preparation of soybeans for fermentation (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 161-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The preparation of soybeans for fermentation is a very important part of the process for making miso, a traditional Japanese food. In general, soybeans from the United States are smaller and more pigmented than Japanese soybeans. Twenty-eight American varieties, four Japanese varieties and one Chinese variety have been studied with respect to absorption of water and cooking. A variety of soaking and cooking conditions have been investigated. Some U.S. varieties absorb water and cook unevenly. Unevenness in cooking is not associated with the size of the beans within a variety.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030206
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  • 79
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    Die technische Herstellung von klinischem dextran durch gelenkte synthese in wachsender Kultur (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 199-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A process is described for the production of a specific-molecular-weight dextran, e.g. clinical dextran, by using a modified form of controlled synthesis. The synthesis is carried out directly in a medium containing appropriate amounts of sucrose and low-molecular-weight dextran after inoculation with a culture of actively growing bacteria. The importance of an inoculum substantially freed from substances affecting the synthesis of dextran is demonstrated. The technique appears to offer a decided advantage over other well-known procedures. Technical details of the process and equipment are given.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030209
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  • 80
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    A preliminary study of depth filtration at a constant rateThis paper was presented before the ACS meeting held in New York, September 1960. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 139-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The constant-rate operation of a system utilizing asbestos filter-pads for the cold sterilization of a tissue culture medium is described. Filtration theory is briefly reviewed with regard to the constant-rate process, and the results of several data treatment methods are reported. The standard law of Hermans and Bredée4, 5 best describes the constant-rate data. Computation of the data, when plotted by the standard-law method, results in two straight lines divided by a transition zone. The second region is characterized by a slower plugging rate and a plot of the standard-law slopes versus the initial filtration pressures shows a linear relation. The constant-rate method is compared with the constant-pressure method and is found to yield equivalent overall filtrate rates at lower operating pressures.The observed filtration behaviour is discussed, and available data are presented to indicate the sterilization capability of the filter.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030204
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  • 81
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    The disintegration of yeast with dry ice and some properties of the extract (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple procedure for the disintegration of yeast cells, by which litre quantities of cell extract (approximately 11 per cent dry weight) may be obtained, is described. The fresh yeast cake is treated with dry ice in a high speed electric homogenizer after which it is left to thaw out at 0°. No addition of buffer has to be made, and the cell juice obtained after centrifugation of the resulting slurry appears to contain different subcellular particles and various enzymes in a relatively native state.When the extract is incubated at higher temperatures, proteolysis will rapidly change the electrophoretic and enzymatic properties, which indicates that procedures involving autolysis may be dangerous when information about the chemical composition of the native enzymes is desired.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030207
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  • 82
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    Production of concentrated cell suspensions: The sponge fermentor (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 339-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A novel fermentor is described in which aerobic microorganisms are grown on solid medium. Cellulose sponges support a nutrient-agar medium, resulting in a large surface area for growth within a relatively small volume. The sponges are alternately squeezed and relaxed within a piston-and-cylinder-type apparatus during fermentation. Provision is made for inoculation, harvesting, and for supplying air during operation. The apparatus has been operated semicontinuously in that there are enough cells left in the sponges after harvest to inoculate fresh medium. Cell concentrations of Serratia marcescens up to 84 × 1010 per ml have been recovered. A growth curve for this micro-organism is given and sample data on semicontinuous operation are presented.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030403
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  • 83
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    Continuous cultivation of micro-organisms: A new approach and possibilities for its use (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 357-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When trying to turn a batch fermentation process into a continuous process, many important factors must be repected. A new approach is presented by means of which it is possible to reproduce in a continuous system those changes (both inside the cells and in the environment) which are functions of elapsed time (lag-type changes, sudden changes occurring at a constant growth rate of the micro-organisms, etc.). Special attention is paid to lag-type changes. In the hitherto described apparatuses for continuous cultivation it was difficult to follow changes which are functions of time. The use of a multi-stage apparatus is therefore suggested, and a method of cultivation, which through adjusting retention times in individual cultivation vessels allows a detailed study of such changes, is proposed. Basic equations concerning the growth of microorganisms in the described apparatus are derived and some examples of the possible practical use of the new approach are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030405
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  • 84
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    Chemical separation methods for common microbes (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 395-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To collect microbes from suspensions by a process other than centrifugation, it has been found effective to add inorganic and organic electrolytes in the colloidal state. The addition of electrolytes causes a neutralization of charges on the particles in suspension resulting in their coagulation and precipitation. High-molecular-weight compounds which form micelles also promote coagulation and precipitation. It is believed that chemical collection is an extremely efficient method of treatment for the mass production of microbial suspensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030407
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  • 85
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    Neue apparatur zur Herstellung von Schüttelkulturen von Mikroorganismen (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 331-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple apparatus for preparing shake cultures of microorganisms on a laboratory scale is described. Using a series of special shaking vessels, each of a capacity of 1-10 l., a total volume of 20-200 l. of culture can be produced in one run. The rate of aeration is similar to the one observed in shake flasks.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030402
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  • 86
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    Volume increase of wheat kernels accompanying absorption of liquid water (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 377-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The purposes of this investigation were to determine the relationship between weight and volume increases which take place when wheat kernels are immersed in water, to develop an equation for the volume increase, and to test experimentally its validity.It was shown that the volume increase was practically equal to the weight increase divided by the fluid density. In view of this, the following equation was obtained by analogy to the diffusion equation derived by Becker.1 \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ 1 - \bar V = \frac{2}{{\sqrt \pi }}\frac{S}{V}\sqrt {D_\upsilon \theta } $$\end{document} where 1 - V̄ is the relative volume increase, and Dv is the coefficient of volume increase.The average coefficients of volume increase are given by the Arrhenius relation as: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{l@{\quad}l} D_\upsilon = 1{\cdot}068\ e^{ - 10,129/RT} & \hbox{for Ponca wheat} \\ D_\upsilon = 1{\cdot}240\ e^{ - 11,030/RT} & \hbox{for Seneca wheat} \end{array} $$\end{document}The results obtained in this investigation provide useful information for designing the steeping vessels.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030406
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    Rapid determination of 17-α-oxy-11-desoxy-corticosterone in the course of biological fermentative oxidations (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A rapid analytical method has been developed to follow the biological oxidation of 17-α-oxy-11-desoxy-corticosterone (Reichstein compound S) to hydrocortisone. Paper chromatography is too slow to follow the progress of a preparative microbiological steroid transformation. However, 17-α-oxy-11-desoxy-corticosterone can be separated in a sufficiently pure state for photometric assay by a simple extraction from fermentation broths containing several steroids. This extraction, coupled with the formation of a sulphuric acid chromogen, permits estimation of the steroid in fermentation liquors. The steady decrease of the 17-α-oxy-11-desoxy-compound thus estimated proved to be a true indication of the progress of the oxidation process, allowing it to be stopped at the most favourable time.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030104
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  • 88
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    The formation of magnetic iron sulphide by bacterial reduction of iron solutions (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 29-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Laboratory scale experiments have been carried out with sulphate-reducing bacteria growing under anaerobic conditions to investigate the removal of iron from iron-containing solutions. The complete removal of iron, as the insoluble sulphide, has been achieved from both ferrous and ferrous-ferric sulphate solutions. It has been found that under certain conditions a magnetic iron sulphide is produced. This aggregates under the influence of a magnetic field and settles at a rate of some 30 in./min. The magnetic sulphide has only been obtained from intermittent continuous cultures. With the system employed, rates of removal of up to 150 mg of iron per litre of culture vessel per hour have been obtained.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030105
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  • 89
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    The recovery of staphylococcal enterotoxin from bacterial culture supernatants by ion exchangeThis work was supported by contributions from various companies and associations of the food industries. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 41-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method has been developed for the recovery of enterotoxin from bacterial culture supernatants of staphylococcus strain S-6 by use of the ion-exchange resin Amberlite XE-64 (IRC-50). The enterotoxin from 200 ml of bacterial culture supernatant diluted with one volume of water and adjusted to pH 6 can be removed with 1 g of resin pretreated with 0·02 M sodium phosphate, pH 6·2. The enterotoxin is recovered from the resin with 0·2 M sodium phosphate, pH 6·2, with subsequent precipitation with EtOH at -10°C, dialysis, and freeze drying. Partially purified preparations containing 1 emetic dose per 50μg were obtained.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030106
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  • 90
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    Spray-drying of tomato puree, groundnut and soyabean proteins and sugar-gelatine solutions (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 65-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Tomato puree, groundnut and soya protein, and sugar-gelatine solutions were successfully dried in a Scott pilot plant spray-drier. The tomato puree did not need the addition of a carrier provided that the air plenum of the drier was suitably modified. Spray-drying did not change the colour of tomato puree and the protein solutions, the viscosity characteristics of the protein solutions, or the nutritive value of the proteins. The conditions for the successful spray-drying of sugar-gelatine solutions were rather critical. The temperature in the spray-drier had the major effect on the quality of the powders. Published data on spray-drying do not provide a basis for predicting the drying behaviour of different products; experiments on the plant are essential.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030108
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  • 91
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    An anti-foam low-temperature laboratory evaporator (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 111-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030112
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  • 92
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    Recovery of bacterial spores and vegetative cells with a miniature spray drier (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A laboratory spray drier with a gas flow of 2 to 3 ft3/min was used to dry suspensions containing spores of Bacillus anthracis or cells of Pasteurella tularensis. Dried material was collected in a 1/2-in. diameter cyclone that retained about 97 per cent of the product from the drier. The particle size distributions of the powders varied with the nature of substances in the suspension to be dried; as much as 80 per cent of the mass in particles 5 μ or less in diameter was obtained only when egg yolk was added to the suspensions. Retention of viability was about 90 per cent for B. anthracis spores and these powders contained from 175 to 522 × 109 viable spores/gram. Retention of viability of P. tularensis cells was 0·6 per cent or greater only when the suspension contained a relatively high proportion of stabilizers. With sucrose-skim milk-thiourea stabilizer about 10 per cent recovery of viability was obtained when the proportion of stabilizer solids to other solids was 3 : 1 or 6 : 1. These powders contained 140 × 109 viable cells per gram and the mass median diameter was 6·0 μ. The properties of the powders suggest that spray dried vaccines may be prepared for use either in suspension or in aerosols.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030110
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    Masthead (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030301
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    Aeration in fermentations (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 277-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Symptoms of oxygen deficiency and variations in dissolved-oxygen level have been described in some typical aerobic fermentations. In bacterial fermentations, dissolved-oxygen levels were almost the same in different parts of the fermentor. As a result, good correlations between apparent and true critical oxygen concentrations were obtained. Poor correlations were obtained in mould fermentations.
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030307
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  • 95
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    Redox potential changes in the 2-keto-L-gulonic acid fermentation - II. Relationship between redox potential and product formationData presented in this paper were taken from a thesis, submitted in June, 1961, to St. John's University, New York, as partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 3 (1961), S. 255-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the investigation of the redox potential changes of the oxidative fermentation of L-sorbose to 2-keto-L-gulonic acid, it was found that the 2-keto-L-gulonic acid formation proceeded favourably at low negative redox potential values. Low redox potentials were maintained in a continuous fermentation process in the chemostat, with a resulting high 2-keto-L-gulonic acid formation rate. L-Tyrosine and some of its analogues stimulated the 2-keto-L-gulonic acid formation. The stimulation seemed to be bound to low redox potential values, and suggested the action of a direct oxidase-type enzyme.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390030305
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