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  • 1985-1989  (7)
  • 1955-1959  (7)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1850-1859
  • 1985  (7)
  • 1957
  • 1955  (7)
  • 1894
  • 1859
  • 1855
  • 1852
  • Agrobacterium
  • gene expression
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of bacterial attachment in the transformation of cell-wall-regenerating tobacco protoplasts by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 166 (1985), S. 300-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Agrobacterium ; Nicotiana (protoplast transformation) ; Protoplast (attachment) of Agrobacterium) ; Transformation (protoplasts)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The presence of a newly formed primary cell wall was shown to be required for attachment and subsequent transformation of tobacco leaf protoplasts by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in cocultivation experiments. In these experiments both protoplasts at different stages after their isolation and cell-wall inhibitors were used. The specificity of Agrobacterium attachment was shown by using other kinds of bacteria that did not attach. By diminishing the concentration of divalent cations using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, neither attachment nor transformation was found; however, when more specifically the Ca2+concentration was lowered by ethylene glycol-bis (β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid, both phenomena occurred. Commercial lectins had no effect on binding, but this observation does not exclude the involvement of other lectins. Protoplasts isolated from various crown-gall callus tissues also developed binding sites, but when they were at the stage of dividing cells, attachment of agrobacteria was no longer observed. In this respect, cells from protoplasts of normal tobacco leaves behaved differently. Even 16 d after protoplast isolation, the dividing cells were still able to bind A. tumefaciens, while transformation was not detected. For transformation of 3-d-old tobacco protoplasts, a minimal co-cultivation period of 24 h was required, while optimal attachment took place within 5 h. It is concluded that the primary cell wall was sufficiently well formed that certain functional receptor molecules were available for attachment of Agrobacterium as the first step of a multistep process leading to the transformation of cells. The expression of bacterial functions required for attachment, moreover, was independent of the presence of Ti-plasmid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401165
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variability of alkaline phosphatase expression in inbred mouse tissues (1985)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 23 (1985), S. 155-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: alkaline phosphatase ; gene expression ; inbred strains ; quantitative variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative alkaline phosphatase (ALP; EC 3.1.3.1) expression varies among various tissues and among inbred mouse strains. There is about a 20-fold difference in ALP activity in lungs from CBA/J and C57L/J inbred strains and this difference is inherited additively with a heritability of 0.84. Studies of thermostability at 56 and 65° C and sensitivity toward inhibitors (l-phenylalanine, l-homoarginine, l-phenylalanylglycylglycine, and levamisole) do not demonstrate differences in the ALP from lungs or liver of the CBA/J and C57L/J strains. The ALP activity in intestine expressed by the intestinal locus varies over 100-fold between A/J and DBA/1J strains. Further studies of the mechanisms resulting in this difference in ALP activity should help elucidate the mechanisms for aberrant expression of ALP in malignancy and for manipulation of low ALP activity in hypophosphatasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499120
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetically determined differences in liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity in male rats (1985)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 23 (1985), S. 987-996 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: alcohol dehydrogenase ; temporal genes ; gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) activity was measured in liver extracts from one outbred and three inbred strains of rats. Strain-specific differences in enzyme activity were observed in the adult male rats. The differences appeared as the animals reached puberty. Studies on the enzyme purified from Sprague-Dawley and ACI rats indicate that the enzymes in these strains are identical and that the difference in activity found in liver extracts is due to differences in the amount of enzyme present. Genetic crosses between Sprague-Dawley and ACI rats suggest that the liver content of alcohol dehydrogenase is controlled by an autosomal regulatory locus with the characteristics of a temporal gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499942
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytochrome regulation of phytochrome mRNA abundance (1985)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 5 (1985), S. 91-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: gene expression ; low-abundance mRNA ; mRNA quantitation ; rapid regulation ; regulatory photoreceptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Pure phytochrome RNA sequence synthesized in an SP6-derived in vitro transcription system has been used as a standard to quantitate phytochrome mRNA abundance in Avena seedlings using a filter hybridization assay. In 4-day-old etiolated Avena seedlings phytochrome mRNA represents ∼0.1% of the total poly(A)+ RNA. Irradiation of such seedlings with a saturating red-light pulse or continuous white light induces a decline in this mRNA that is detectable within 30 min and results in a 50% reduction by ∼60 min and 〉90% reduction within 5 h. The effect of the red-light pulse is reversed, approximately to the level of the far-red control, by an immediately subsequent far-red pulse. In seedlings maintained in extended darkness after the red-light pulse, the initial rapid decline in phytochrome mRNA level is followed by a slower reaccumulation such that 50–60% of the initial abundance is reached by 48 h. White-light grown seedlings transferred to darkness exhibit a similar accumulation of phytochrome mRNA that is accelerated by removal of residual Pfr with a far-red light pulse at the start of the dark period. The data establish that previously reported phytochrome-regulated changes in translatable phytochrome mRNA levels result from changes in the physical abundance of this mRNA rather than from altered translatability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020091
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of right terminal repeat deletion on the oncogenicity of the T-Region of pTiT37 (1985)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 5 (1985), S. 3-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Agrobacterium ; tumorigenicity ; border repeats ; tmr locus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A modified pTiT37 plasmid was constructed by deleting a 103 base fragment between an AhaIII and a Bc/I site. This fragment, located to the right of the nopaline synthase gene contains the right terminal 25 base pair repeat sequence which defines the right limit of the T-Region. The effect of this deletion was determined on a number of host plants. In contrast to previous reports, the deletion does not destroy tumorigenicity on all plant species. It had no effect on tumorigenicity when Linum usitatissimum was used as the test species and an attenuating effect when Kalanchoë tubiflora was used. Only when Nicotiana tabacum was used did the mutant appear avirulent. We propose from these data and the phenotype of those tumours that form, that a pseudo border located in the 3′ untranslated region of the ipt locus has been used to provide the right hand limit of the T-Region in the absence of the normal border.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017868
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of shoot-inducing Ti TL-DNA in differentiated tissues of potato (Solanum tuberosum cv Maris Bard) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 5 (1985), S. 213-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; gene expression ; potato ; T-DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In potato line Mb1501B one or possibly two normal size Ti TL-DNA copies per tetraploid genome were detected by Southern blot analysis, but no TR-DNA. The TL-DNA probably contained the entire transposon Tn1831 inserted at the T-DNA auxin gene for transcript 2. Northern blot analyses of the steady-state RNA in different Mb1501B tissues isolated from (i) shoots cultured in vitro (ii) grafted plants and (iii) tubers, showed that that TL-DNA transcripts 3, 4, 6a and 7 were expressed most abundantly in the cultured shoots. They formed approximately 0.0023 to 0.0007% of the total poly(A) RNA. Transcripts 1, 5 and 6b were not detected in any of the tissues analysed. This indicated even lower levels of expression (below approximately 0.0001% of the total poly(A) RNA or, making certain assumptions, an abundance of less than one T-DNA derived RNA molecule per cell). As expected, transcript 2 was not detected in any of the Mb1501B tissues. The abundance of the transcripts was reduced in grafted plants and tubers compared with cultured shoots with the greatest decrease (5×) for transcripts 4, 6a and 7. Transcript 4, the one most responsible for the changed growth and development of Mb 1501 B, formed approximately 0.0003% of the poly(A) RNA from both grafted plants and tubers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020639
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of type I collagen genes in cultured scleroderma fibroblasts (1985)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 28 (1985), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: collagen synthesis ; collagen mRNA ; gene expression ; cell culture ; scleroderma ; fibroblast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Fibroblasts cultured from affected skin areas of five patients with cutaneous scleroderma were found to produce increased amounts of collagen when compared with nonaffected control cells. Total RNA was isolated from the cultures and analyzed for its level of proα1(I)collagen mRNA by hybridization of RNA blots with a cloned cDNA probe. The levels of proα1(I)collagen mRNAs relative to total RNA were two- to sixfold higher in the samples from affected cells, accounting for the increased synthesis of type I collagen. Cytoplasmic dot hybridizations were performed to measure the cellular content of proα1(I)collagen mRNA: up to ninefold increases in the level of this mRNA per cell were found. Upon subculturing, scleroderma fibroblasts were found to reduce gradually the increased synthesis of collagen to the level of non-affected controls by the tenth passage. The levels of type I collagen mRNAs were also reduced, but more slowly. The results suggest that in scleroderma fibroblasts the genes for type I collagen are activated at procollagen mRNA level or that they are more stable and that the activating factors are lost during prolonged cell culture because cells from affected areas lose their activated state.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240280204
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation of lily by Agrobacterium (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 97-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Agrobacterium ; transformation ; lily ; β-glucuronidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Lily cv. Harmony was inoculated with several Agrobacterium strains to study its susceptibility to Agrobacterium infection and transformation. Tumorous tissue formation on inoculated stem internodes of sterile-grown plantlets, as well as expression of a β-glucuronidase marker gene interrupted by an intron in cells of inoculated stem nodes, indicate that the monocotyledon Lilium is a host for Agrobacterium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023935
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microprotoplast fusion technique: a new tool for gene transfer between sexually-incongruent plant species (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 255-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: microprotoplast fusion ; partial genome transfer ; monosomic additions ; kanamycin resistance ; β-glucuronidase ; gene expression ; potato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Various aspects of a microprotoplast fusion technique and the strategies followed for intergeneric partial genome transfer (one or a few chromosomes) and alien genes from sexually-incongruent donor species to recipient species are described. The essential requirements of the microprotoplast fusion technique are the induction of micronuclei at high frequencies, as well as the isolation and enrichment of sub-diploid microprotoplasts in donor species, efficient fusion of the donor microprotoplasts with normal recipient protoplasts and stable regeneration of plants from fusion products. The results on the production of microprotoplast hybrid plants between the transformed donor lines of Solanum tuberosum and Nicotiana Plumbaginifolia carrying various genetic markers, and a recipient line of Lycopersicon peruvianum or Nicotiana tabacum, and on the transfer and expression of alien genes (kanamycin resistance, β-glucuronidase) are presented. The data obtained on microprotoplast hybrid plants between S. tuberosum and L. peruvianum showed that many of the hybrids contained one potato chromosome carrying nptII and GUS, and 24 or 48 L. peruvianum chromosomes (monosomic additions), and that they were male-and female-fertile. Various applications of chromosome transfer by this technique, especially for economically-important traits (e.g. disease or stress resistance) from sexually-incompatible wild species, for construction of chromosome-specific DNA libraries through microdissection and microcloning of chromosomes, or by flow-sorting of chromosomes for genome analysis, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023954
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of different (CaMV 35S and mas) promoter activities and risk assessment of field use in transgenic rapeseed plants (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 411-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Agrobacterium ; Brassica napus ; CaMV 35S promoter ; mas promoter ; gene expression ; risk assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Gene fusions between the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene and the promoters of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA transcript (CaMV 35S) and the mannopine synthase (mas) genes were introduced into rapeseed varieties via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Fluorometric assay of β-glucuronidase activity indicated different expression patterns for the two promoters. In seedlings, the CaMV 35S promoter had maximum activity in the primary roots, while the mas promoter was most active in the cotyledons. Etiolated seedlings cultured in the dark showed reduced activity of the mas promoter. Before vernalization at the rosette stage, both promoters were more active in older plant parts than in younger ones. At this stage the highest activity was recorded in cotyledons. After the plants had bolted reduced promoter function was detected in the upper parts of the transformed plants. Both promoters were found to be functional in the majority of the studied organs of transgenic rapeseed plants, but the promoter activity varied considerably between the organs at different developmental stages. The ability of pollen to transfer the introduced genes to other varieties and related species (e.g. Brassica napus and Diplotaxus muralis) by cross-pollination was studied in greenhouse experiments, and field trials were carried out to estimate the distance for biologically-relevant gene dispersal. In artificial crossing, the introduced marker gene was transferable into other varieties of Brassica napus. In field trials, at a distance of 1 metre from the source of transgenic plants, the frequency of an outcrossing event was relatively high (10-3). Resistant individuals were found at 16 and 32 metres from the transgenic pollen donors, but the frequency of an outcrossing event dropped to 10-5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023974
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An assessment of morphogenic and transformation efficiency in a range of varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Agrobacterium ; plant regeneration ; potato ; Solanum tuberosum ; tissue culture ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary To provide a truly genotype-independent transformation system, it is necessary to be able to transform a wide range of potato genotypes. The ability to regenerate shoots in vitro was determined for 34 potato varieties using tuber disc explants. Following a culture regime used extensively in previous studies with the variety Desiree, half of the varieties could be regenerated from tuber discs and half could not. From a sample of varieties that could be regenerated from tuber discs, all but one variety gave transgenic plants. Twelve varieties were evaluated for the capacity to regenerate shoots from leaf and internode explants excised from in vitro grown plants. All of the varieties tested regenerated adventitious shoots. Leaf and internode explants from 5 varieties were subsequently used for transformation, and transgenic plants were produced from two potato varieties that did not give transgenic plants from tuber disc explants. Some varieties could not be transformed by either method, and will require modification of the in vitro regeneration and transformation system to be successful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023936
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some methodological aspects of apple transformation by Agrobacterium (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 131-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: apple ; transformation ; Agrobacterium ; preculture ; azacytidine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Leaf explants of apple cvs Gala and Golden Delicious were infected with the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL0(pMOG410). The effects of a 2 d preculture of the explants before infection and the addition of 5-azacytidine to the selection medium were studied. The percentages of GUS-positive explants after 5 w did not significantly alter due to these treatments. One of the ‘Gala’ shoots, which was removed from a leaf explant cultured for 8 w on selection medium, proved to be GUS-positive and will be analyzed further. In general, however, it should be concluded that regeneration of transgenic shoots directly from leaf tissue was not very effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023941
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The manipulation and modification of tomato fruit ripening by expression of antisense RNA in transgenic plants (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 193-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: carotenoids ; ethylene ; gene expression ; Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ; polygalacturonase ; pectinesterase ; phytoene synthase ; ACC oxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The common cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) provides a major focus for improvement of crop quality through genetic engineering. Identification of ripening-related cDNAs has enabled the modification of specific aspects of ripening by manipulating gene expression in transgenic plants. By utilizing ‘antisense RNA’ to modify expression of ripening genes, we have inhibited the production of the cell wall-metabolising enzymes polygalacturonase and pectinesterase and created transgenic plants that contain, effectively, single, targeted mutations affecting these genes. Furthermore, this approach has been used with previously unidentified cDNA clones to enable both functional identification and manipulation of genes involved in ethylene production (ACC oxidase) and carotenoid biosynthesis (phytoene synthase). The use of antisense RNA targeted to specific genes to alter ripening phenotypes and improve commercial utility of fruit by affecting shelf-life, processing characteristics and nutritional content is discussed. We have used the extreme ripening-impaired mutant, ripening inhibitor (rin) to identify additional genes implicated in the ripening process. This approach has resulted in the cloning of several novel ripening-related mRNAs which are now being studied by antisense experiments. This may enable identification and manipulation of additional genes involved in processes such as softening, flavour and aroma generation and susceptibility to pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023948
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sulphur-rich Brazil nut 2S albumin is specifically formed in transgenic seeds of the grain legume Vicia narbonensis (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 181-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Vicia narbonensis ; gene transfer ; gene expression ; seeds ; 2S albumin ; methionine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Epicotyl explants were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101 to transfer a chimeric 2S albumin gene construct carried in the binary Ti plasmid vectors pGSGLUC1 or pGA472 into the grain legume Vicia narbonensis. This gene encoding the sulphur-rich Brazil nut albumin was under the control of either the CaMV 35S promoter which permits gene expression in all organs, or the Vicia faba legumin B4 promoter which elicits seed-specific gene expression. After callus formation and selection for kanamycin resistance, somatic embryos were induced which, in the case of transformation with the vector pGSGLUC1, were screened for GUS activity. Embryos that produced GUS were in addition analysed for 2S albumin formation. Selected transgenic embryos were cloned by multiple shoot regeneration. Rooted and fertile plants were obtained by grafting transgenic shoots on the appropriate seedlings. R1 and R2 generations were raised and analysed for GUS as well as 2S albumin gene expression. Expression of the 35S promoter/2S albumin gene fusion took place in all organs of the transgenic plants including the cotyledons of seeds, whereas seed-specific gene expression was found in transformants with the legumin promoter/2S albumin gene fusion. The 2S albumin accumulated in the 2S protein fraction of transgenic seeds and its primary translation product was processed into the 9 and 3 kDa polypeptide chains. The foreign protein was localised in the protein bodies of the grain legume. Analysis of the R2 plants indicated Mendelian inheritance of the 2S albumin gene. In homozygous V. narbonensis plants the amounts of 2S albumin were twice that present in the corresponding heterozygous plants. Whereas only low level formation of the foreign protein was achieved if the gene was under the control of the 35S promoter, approximately 3.0% of the soluble seed protein was 2S albumin if seed-specific gene expression was directed by the legumin B4 promoter. Some of these transformants exhibited a three-fold increase in the methionine content of the salt-soluble protein fraction extracted from seeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023947
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