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  • 1965-1969  (1,610)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1915-1919  (422)
  • 1966  (1,610)
  • 1917  (422)
  • General Chemistry  (1,624)
  • Physics  (398)
  • Cerebellum  (10)
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  • 1965-1969  (1,610)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1915-1919  (422)
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The profiles of physiological events produced by a parallel fibre volley in the cerebellar cortex (1966)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 2 (1966), S. 18-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Parallel fibres ; Basket cells ; Purkinje cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Stimulation through concentric electrodes on the surface of a wide cerebellar folium was employed to set up a parallel fibre volley or beam. Serial recording of the field potential was made over a range of depths along microelectrode tracks arranged in a transverse plane across the folium in order to discover the action on Purkinje cells, both those that were on-beam for the parallel fibre volley and those at various distances off-beam. A juxta-fastigial electrode was carefully placed so that an applied stimulus could excite the axons of Purkinje cells distributed across the folium under investigation, the antidromic propagation of impulses thus obtained being utilized to test the effect of parallel fibre volleys upon Purkinje cells. 2. The observations were in accord with the two actions that a parallel fibre volley would be expected to exert on Purkinje cells: a direct excitatory action by the synapses made by parallel fibres with the spines of the Purkinje cell dendrites; an inhibitory action mediated by the stellate and basket cells that themselves are directly excited by the parallel fibre volley. 3. The excitatory synaptic action would result in the two types of responses that were restricted to the narrow zone and superficial location of the parallel fibre volley: active sinks formed by this excitatory synaptic action on the superficial dendrites of Purkinje cells would account for the observed depth profile of extra-cellular slow potentials, a superficial negative wave reversing to a deeper positive wave formed by passive sources on deeper dendrites; superficial synaptic excitation would also account for the facilitation of the propagation of antidromic impulses into the superficial dendrites. 4. The inhibitory synaptic action would result in the two types of responses that were widely dispersed transversely and in depth, far beyond the traject of the parallel fibre volley: a slow positive potential wave with a maximum at a depth usually of 300–400 μ; an inhibitory action on the antidromic invasion of Purkinje cells. The transverse profiles of these two presumed indices of inhibitory action on Purkinje cells apparently revealed that a basket cell may give inhibitory synapses up to 1000 μ laterally from the location of its soma and dendrites. 5. A description is given of the variants in the transverse profiles of the deeper positive waves and of inhibitory actions of a parallel fibre volley that presumably are mediated by basket cells and also by the superficial stellate cells. These physiological findings are correlated with the histologically determined distribution of synapses from a basket cell onto Purkinje cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234358
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The inhibitory interneurones within the cerebellar cortex (1966)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 1 (1966), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Inhibitory interneurones ; Cerebellum ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Extracellular microelectrode recording has been employed to study the responses of three types of interneurones in the cat cerebellar cortex: basket cells, superficial stellate cells and Golgi cells. The large unitary spike potentials of single cells were sharply localized and presumably were generated by impulse discharges from the cell somata. The characteristics of their responses described below sharply distinguished them from Purkinje cells. 2. The parallel fibre volleys generated by surface stimulation of a folium evoked brief repetitive discharges that were graded in respect of frequency and number. Maximum responses had as many as 10 impulses at an initial frequency of 500/sec. 3. At brief test intervals there was facilitation of the response to a second parallel fibre volley; at about 50 msec it passed over to depression for over 500 msec. 4. Stimulation deep in the cerebellum in the region of the fastigial nucleus (juxta-fastigial, J.F.) evoked by synaptic action a single or double discharge, presumably by the mossy fibre-granule cell-parallel fibre path, but climbing fibre stimulation from the inferior olive also usually had a weak excitatory action evoking never more than one impulse. 5. J.F. stimulation also had an inhibitory action on the repetitive discharge evoked by a parallel fibre volley. Possibly this is due to the inhibitory action of impulses in Purkinje cell axon collaterals. 6. There was a slow (7–30/sec) and rather irregular background discharge from all interneurones. The inhibitory actions of parallel fibre and J.F. stimulation silenced this discharge for some hundreds of milliseconds, probably by Golgi cell inhibition of a background mossy fibre input into granule cells. 7. All these various features were displayed by cells at depths from 180 to 500 μ; hence it was concluded that superficial stellate, basket and Golgi cells have similar properties, discrimination being possible only by depth, the respective depth ranges being superficial to 250μ, 250μ to 400μ, and deeper than 400μ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235206
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parallel fibre stimulation and the responses induced thereby in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum (1966)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 1 (1966), S. 17-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Parallel fibres ; Purkinje cells ; Cerebellum ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. When electrical stimuli were applied to the surface of a cerebellar folium by a local electrode (LOC), there was a propagated potential wave along the folium with a triphasic (positive-negative-positive) configuration. 2. Investigations by microelectrode recording established that this wave is produced by impulses propagating for at least 3 mm and at about 0.3 m/sec along a narrow superficial band or “beam” of parallel fibres. As expected from this interpretation, there was an absolutely refractory period of less than 1 msec and impulse annihilation by collision. 3. Complications occurred from the potential wave forms resulting from the excitation of mossy fibres by spreading of the applied LOC stimulus. These complications have been eliminated by chronically deafferenting the cerebellum. 4. When recording within the beam of excited parallel fibres there was a slow negative wave of about 20 msec duration, and deep and lateral thereto, there was a slow positive wave of approximately the same time course. 5. These potential fields were expressed in serial profile plots and in potential contour diagrams and shown to be explicable by the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic action on Purkinje cells: excitatory depolarizing synapses of parallel fibre impulses on the dendrites; and hyperpolarizing inhibitory synapses of stellate and basket cells respectively on the dendrites and somata. The active excitatory synapses would be strictly on the parallel fibre beam and the inhibitory concentrated deep and lateral thereto, which is in conformity with the axonal distributions of those basket and stellate cells that would be excited by the parallel fibre beam. 6. Complex problems were involved in interpretation of slow potentials produced by a second LOC stimulus at brief stimulus intervals and up to 50 msec: there was a potentiation of the slow negative wave, and often depression of the positive wave deep and lateral to the excited beam of parallel fibres. 7. Often the LOC stimulus evoked impulse discharge from the Purkinje cells, these discharges being inhibited by a preceding LOC stimulus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235207
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification under the electron microscope of climbing fibers and their synaptic contacts (1966)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 1 (1966), S. 65-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Cerebellar synaptology ; Climbing fibers ; synapses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An attempt is made to identify, under the electron microscope, the climbing fibers of the cerebellum (in the cat) and their synaptic contacts with Purkinje cells and other cortical neurons. — Two kinds of axonal profiles, having synaptic contacts with primary and secondary dendrites of Purkinje neurons, can be recognized: One being terminal fibers densely packed with neurofilaments, having mainly contacts “de passage” with the dendrite surface, with small accumulations of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic side of the contact. The others are rather knob-shaped contacts filled with synaptic vesicles and poor in neurofilaments. In chronically isolated folia, in which only local neurons and their processes have survived, all filamentous profiles have disappeared while vesicular ones are not appreciably reduced in number. It is inferred from this, that the neurofilamentous profiles correspond to climbing fibers, whereas the vesicular ones could be the endings of outer stellate axons, recurrent Purkinje axon collaterals, or ascending basket axon collaterals. — Similar two kinds of axon-terminal profiles are found in synaptic contact with Golgi and basket cell bodies. As in chronically isolated folia only the vesicular profiles survive, it is inferred that the climbing fiber has axo-somatic terminals on Golgi cells and basket cells as well. Previous information of this kind, gained with the light microscope and with degeneration studies, is thus substantiated with the aid of the electron microscope. The vesicular presynaptic profiles on Golgi and basket neurons are in the first case certainly and in the second with high probability endings of recurrent Purkinje axon collaterals. — The few axosomatic synapses found on outer stellate neurons may also be terminals of climbing fibers, but degeneration evidence for this is not conclusive. — The observations are summarized and evaluated from the functional point of view in a diagram, with consideration to recent physiological information on the function of climbing fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235210
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mossy fibre-granule cell relay of the cerebellum and its inhibitory control by Golgi cells (1966)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 1 (1966), S. 82-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Mossy fibre input ; olgi cell inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The glomerulus in the cerebellar granular layer is composed of the three elements; the mossy fibre terminal, the granule cell dendrites and the Golgi cell axons. The afferent input to the cerebellar cortex through the glomerulus, the mossy fibre-granule cell relay (M.G.R.), and its inhibitory control by the Golgi cells were studied by recording, a) extracellular field potentials in the granular and molecular layers, b) unitary spikes of granule cells, and c) intracellular postsynaptic potentials in Purkinje cells. 2. Mossy fibres were activated by juxta-fastigial, transfolial, lateral cuneate nucleus and radial nerve stimulation. Stimulation of an adjacent folium (transfolial stimulation) could excite branches of mossy fibres under the stimulating electrode which supply other branches also to the folium under the recording electrode. This technique was utilized to distinguish the response due to mossy fibre activation from those due to the climbing fibre and Purkinje cell axons. 3. These stimulations resulted in, through the M.G.R., a powerful activation of granule cells whose axons (parallel fibres) excited in turn the Purkinje cells and the inhibitory interneurones, including the Golgi cells, in the molecular layer. 4. Field potentials and unitary spikes due to granule cell activity elicited by the stimulation of mossy fibres were markedly depressed for hundreds of milliseconds after the direct stimulation of parallel fibres (LOC stimulation). The postsynaptic potential in Purkinje cells evoked by mossy fibre activation was also depressed by the conditioning LOC stimulation in the same manner. The “spontaneous” background activities recorded from granule cells as unitary spikes and from Purkinje cells as inhibitory synaptic noise were silenced for hundreds of milliseconds after the LOC stimulation. 5. These depressions indicate that the parallel fibre activation evokes an inhibitory action upon M.G.R. On anatomical grounds this inhibition can be mediated only by the Golgi cell, and it is postulated that the inhibitory action is postsynaptic upon the dendrites of granule cells. 6. It is concluded that the Golgi cell inhibition regulates the mossy fibre input to the cerebellar cortex at the M.G.R. by a form of negative feed-back.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235211
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellularly recorded responses of the cerebellar Purkinje cells (1966)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 1 (1966), S. 161-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Purkinje cells ; Intracellular recording ; Postsynaptic potentials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Intracellular recording from Purkinje cells has been employed in investigating the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic action that is exerted on these cells by the mossy fibre input into the cerebellum. 2. These synaptic actions are evoked not directly by the mossy fibres, but probably always through granule cells and their axons, the parallel fibres. The intracellular records conform with the anatomical evidence that the parallel fibres directly exert a powerful synaptic excitatory action on Purkinje cells, and that the inhibitory pathway occurs via an inhibitory interneurone — a basket cell or a stellate cell. Direct stimulation of parallel fibres gives intracellular potentials closely resembling those produced by deep stimulation of mossy fibres. 3. As would be expected, direct stimulation of parallel fibres produces an EPSP with a latency 1 to 2 msec briefer than the IPSP. The IPSP has a duration usually in excess of 100 msec. The EPSP appears to be briefer, though its superposition on the IPSP greatly reduces its apparent duration. Neutralization of the IPSP by appropriate membrane polarization or by intracellular chloride injection reveals an EPSP duration of up to 50 msec. 4. The IPSP is typically affected by polarizing currents; reduced and even inverted by hyperpolarizing currents, and increased by depolarizing currents. The IPSP is converted to a depolarizing response by excess of intracellular chloride. It must therefore be generated by an increased ionic permeability of the inhibitory subsynaptic membrane, chloride ions being importantly concerned. 5. Often small irregular IPSPs can be observed occurring spontaneously, and they react to polarizing currents and to chloride injections in a manner identical to the evoked IPSPs. It is concluded that they are generated by the spontaneous discharges of basket cells. 6. A brief account is given of various spontaneous rhythmic responses of impaled Purkinje cells, and of the effect of synaptic inhibitory action upon them. 7. There is a general discussion of these findings in relation to the various neural pathways and neural mechanisms that have been postulated in the light of the preceding investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236869
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional organization of the spinoreticulocerebellar path with identification of its spinal component (1966)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 1 (1966), S. 306-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Lateral reticular nucleus ; Reticulocerebellar tract ; Spinoreticular tract ; Cerebellum ; Flexor reflex afferents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mass discharges were recorded from the dissected left restiform body in unanaesthetized, decerebrate, and decerebellate cats. The spinal cord was severed in the thoracic or cervical region sparing only the left ventral quadrant. In this preparation the discharges were shown to relate largely or exclusively to activity in the reticulocerebellar tract originating from the lateral reticular nucleus. The ascending spinal tract was identified with the bilateral ventral flexor reflex tract (bVFRT) of Lundberg and Oscarsson (1962). The reticulocerebellar tract was activated from the flexor reflex afferents and nerve volleys from each of the four limbs were equally effective. It is concluded that the lateral reticular nucleus is not responsible for the somatotopically organized projection of cutaneous afferents, as assumed before. The bVFRT is strongly influenced from the cerebellar cortex and the organization of the closed loop formed between the cortex and the spinal cord is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237703
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response characteristics of retieulocerebellar neurones activated from spinal afferents (1966)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 1 (1966), S. 320-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Lateral reticular nucleus ; Reticulocerebellar tract ; Spinoreticular tract ; Cerebellum ; Flexor reflex afferents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The experiments were done on unanaesthetized, decerebrate, and decerebellate cats. Recording was made from axons originating in the lateral reticular nucleus on stimulation of various nerves, cutaneous receptors, and certain descending tracts. Excitatory and inhibitory effects were evoked from the flexor reflex afferents of receptive fields which included most of the body surface. It is concluded that the lateral reticular nucleus with respect to its afferent inflow is similar to the non-cerebellar nuclei of the reticular formation. The possibility that the reticulocerebellar tract is important in determining the background excitation of cortical neurones is discussed. The effects evoked by stimulation of descending tracts were consistent with the disclosure that the bilateral ventral flexor reflex tract is the afferent path to the lateral reticular nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237704
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass discharges evoked in the olivocerebellar tract on stimulation of muscle and skin nerves (1966)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 1 (1966), S. 329-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Inferior olive ; Olivocerebellar tract ; Spinoolivary tract ; Cerebellum ; Flexor reflex afferents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The discharges were recorded from the dissected right restiform body in unanaesthetized, decerebrate, and decerebellate cats. The spinal cord was severed in the thoracic and/or cervical region sparing only the left ventral quadrant. The discharges were shown to relate largely or exclusively to activity in the olivocerebellar tract. The olivocerebellar discharges were elicited by stimulation of the flexor reflex afferents. Large responses were evoked from the right hindlimb nerves and small responses from the left hindlimb nerves. The responses had a latency of about 20 msec. The spinoolivary tract is tentatively identified with the contralateral ventral flexor reflex tract of Lundberg and Oscarsson (1962).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237705
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatotopical organization of the projection from the nucleus interpositus anterior of the cerebellum to the red nucleus. An experimental study in the cat with silver impregnation methods (1966)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 2 (1966), S. 191-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Nucleus interpositus anterior ; Red nucleus ; Somatotopy ; Degeneration study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Small lesions were done in various areas of the nucleus interpositus anterior (NIA) of the cerebellum, and the distribution of terminal degeneration was studied in the red nucleus with the methods of Nauta and Glees. The NIA projects to the contralateral red nucleus. Two principles of organization can be demonstrated in the projection: a caudorostral arrangement in the red nucleus corresponds to a mediolateral organization in the NIA and a mediolateral arrangement in the red nucleus corresponds to a caudorostral organization of the NIA. The latter distribution coincides with the somatotopical areas of the red nucleus defined by Pompeiano and Brodal (1957). Special attention has been paid to the questions of the subdivision of the cerebellar nuclei and of the course of the fibres issuing from the nuclei in the cerebellar hilus. The present findings on the projection of the NIA to the red nucleus have been correlated with recent anatomical and physiological data on the cerebellum and the red nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236713
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane characterization by measurement of transient osmotic pressures (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 659-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040410
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallographic studies of nylon 4. I. Determination of the crystal structure of the α polymorph of nylon 4Paper presented at the First Middle Atlantic Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Philadelphia, February 4, 1966. (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 899-911 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The crystal structure of the α polymorph of nylon 4 has been determined from the x-ray diffraction patterns of uniaxially oriented monofilaments. In general the crystal structure of α nylon 4 is similar to that of α nylon 6. The unit cell is monoclinic with the following dimensions: a = 9.29 ± 0.05 A., b = 12.24 ± 0.05 A., c = 7.97 ± 0.05 A., and β = 114.5 ± 1.0°. There are eight monomeric units in the unit cell. The theoretical density is 1.37 g./cc. and the observed density 1.25 g./cc. The space group is P21. The nylon 4 chains are of the extended planar zigzag type, with the plane of the zigzag approximately parallel to the a axis of the unit cell. Along the a axis, every other chain is inverted - an antiparallel arrangement of chains - thus permitting complete hydrogen bonding and the formation of sheets of nylon 4 chains. Along the c axis of the unit cell, the second sheet is displaced by3/10 of the b axis, thus leading to a staggered arrangement of sheets. The sheets are held in place by van der Waals forces.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040606
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Narrow molecular weight distribution poly(styrenesulfonic acid). Part I. Preparation, solution properties, and phase separation (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 599-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A method is described for the conversion of polystyrene to poly(styrenesulfonic acid) without change in the molecular weight distribution; the reaction is performed at room temperature in 100% H2SO4 and uses Ag+ catalyst. The resulting polyelectrolyte has solubility and other characteristics significantly different from those of previously investigated poly(vinylsulfonic acid). This permits a study of the influence of the aromatic group on the local and long range interactions in solution. The barium salt of poly(styrenesulfonic acid) is unusual in showing both upper and lower consolute temperatures in solution.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040405
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitaxial crystallization of homopolymers on single crystals of alkali halides (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 611-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Epitaxial deposition of homopolymers from solution [polyethylene, isotactic polystyrene, poly-3,3-bischloromethyloxacyclobutane (Penton) and polypropylene] was found on the (001) faces of cleaved alkali halide single crystals. Electron and optical microscopy studies have shown that the polymer usually grew from small, rodlike crystallites which were oriented in (110) directions of the halide crystal. Large oriented, four-leaved, “rose” structures also were observed for polyethylene. Electron diffraction studies indicate that the polymer chain axes for polyethylene, isotactic polystyrene, and Penton generally lie parallel to the (001) faces of the halide crystal and are also oriented in the 〈110〉 directions of the crystal face. Investigations on the effect of various halide substrates upon the epitaxial crystallization habit of polyethylene inferes that lattice matching does not play the major role in orientation. Two possible explanations are offered for this epitaxial behavior.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040406
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of molecular weight upon the heterogeneous nucleation of crystallization in polypropylene (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 631-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effect of basic aluminium dibenzoate upon the supercooling of polypropylene fractions of molecular weight 9.2 × 103-1.25 × 106 was determined by differential thermal analysis. The response to heterogeneous nucleation within the precision of the method used appears to be only slightly dependent, if at all, upon the molecular weight of the polymer.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040407
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wideline NMR studies of oriented nylon 66 (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 639-647 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Wideline NMR techniques have been applied to both singly and doubly oriented specimens of nylon 66. Variations in the spectra obtained are observed for different orientations of the specimens relative to the applied field. These variations demonstrate that the zigzag chain axis is essentially parallel to the draw direction and that motion occurs in all of the sample. The motion is of two types: random in the mobile regions and rotation of segments about the chain axis in the rigid regions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040408
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular weight averages of polymers as determined by density gradient centrifugation. II. Application to nylon 66 (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 663-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040411
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization in poly(n-octadecyl methacrylate) monolayers (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 649-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The crystallization kinetics of poly(n-octadecyl methacrylate) has been studied at the air-water interface. The rate of the crystallization has been measured by the decrease in the area of monolayers with time at various temperatures and surface pressures. The crystallization isotherms have been analyzed by the general mathematical treatment of the kinetics of phase changes, and the results show linear growth to be dominant. The variation of the rate constant with temperature and pressure has been illustrated by the difference in the supersaturation defined by introducing the equilibrium pressure-area isotherms.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040409
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microfibrillar textures in polymer fibers (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 668-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040413
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific heats of poly(vinyl chloride) compositions (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 673-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Specific heats of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) can be readily obtained by means of the thin foil calorimeter when the polymer is fabricated into sheet or film. The effects of temperature and plasticizer content on the specific heat and of the plasticizer content on the glass temperature are readily observed. The data may be used to estimate the glass temperatures of plasticizers where those temperatures are not readily reached by normal techniques. The specific heat at the glass temperature is approximately 0.255 for the ranges of 0-30 phr plasticizer. A definite glass transition is not observed with 60 phr plasticizer. No other transitions were observed between 200 and 400°K. The previous history of the polymer is important, as it can change the specific heat of the polymer noticeably, especially above the glass temperature. Comparison of the values listed here with those obtained by others should be made with the understanding that these samples were fabricated by extrusion and were free of observable strain. The degree of crystallinity of these polymers is very small, probably less than 10%, since none was found by x-ray diffraction. The plasticizing effect of some stabilizers was noted.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040501
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    Electronic Resource
    Persistent polarization in polymers. II. Depolarization currentsPresented in part before the 13th Canadian High Polymer Forum, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, September 22-24, 1965. (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 697-704 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Depolarization currents were used to study the persistent polarization induced in polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) by cooling with flow under pressure. These studies showed that the charge on electrets made by flow under pressure consists in part of a surface charge which leaks off rapidly in moist air and in part of a charge due to volume polarization which decays more slowly. The volume polymerization produced in poly(methyl methacrylate) by flow under pressure is of the same order as that produced by cooling under a voltage drop, but flow under pressure produces a larger surface charge.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040503
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistent polarization in polymers. I. Relationship between the structure of polymers and their ability to become electrically polarizedPresented in part before the 13th Canadian High Polymer Forum, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, September 22-24, 1965. (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 685-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The ability of various polymers to acquire persistent polarization (i.e., to become electrets) was investigated. Polarization was induced in the polymers by two methods: (a) by cooling under a voltage drop and (b) by cooling with flow under pressure. There was found to be an optimum temperature for electret formation by either method. This optimum temperature was roughly 37°C. above Tg when polarization was produced by application of a voltage drop and roughly 57°C. when polarization was produced by flow under pressure. Crystallinity and the nonhomogeneities present in blended polymers were harmful to electret formation, but a small critical amount of ionic impurity was helpful.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040502
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular structure of polyethylene. XIII. An improved cryoscopic method for determining number-average molecular weight of polyethylene (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 705-714 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The determinations of the number-average molecular weight of polyethylene by cryoscopy has been improved, permitting precise measurements with both linear and branched polyethylenes in the molecular weight range 4,000-30,000. Improvements include a cryometer of new design, a lower-melting cryoscopic solvent containing a nucleating agent to control supercooling and rate of crystallization of the solvent, and more precise measurement of freezing point depression. Polyethylene samples are dissolved in hexamethylbenzene admixed with 0.1% of cadmium iodide, and steady-state freezingpoint depressions are measured with a thermistor to a maximum sensitivity of 5 × 10-5°C. Molecular weight measurements are reproducible to within ±10%. The cryoscopic apparatus and procedure are described in detail, and results obtained with samples of linear and branched polyethylene are presented and discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040504
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Les polyélectrolytes à l'interface liquide-liquide (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 765-775 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The behavior of films of polyelectrolytes at the water-organic liquid interface depends on the nature of the interface and the pH of the substratum. The present paper investigates the influence of these two factors on the cohesive forces between monomer units. Two polyelectrolytes were studied: poly(methacrylic acid) (APM) and poly-2-vinylpyridine (2-PVP). In the case of uncharged films, the collapse pressure decreases when the polarity of the organic phase becomes more important, whereas the term ω/kT, which appears in the theory of Motomura and Matuura, increases. A quantitative relation between the parameter ω/kT and the collapse pressure may be deduced. The behavior of the ionized surface film at different pH values is modified by the choice of the interface. However, there exists a competition between two phenomena: the dissolution of ionized residues in the substratum and the electrostatic repulsion between charges in the surface plane. Depending upon whether the first or the second parameter is more important, we observed that the surface pressure decreased or increased with the degree of ionization.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040508
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axial dispersion of polymer molecules in gel permeation chromatography (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 731-743 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Gel permeation chromatography is an elution chromatographic process depending on the permeation of the solute through a bed of gel particles. This process is used in the estimation of molecular weight distributions of polymers, since elution occurs in decreasing order of molecular size. The eluting species, however, are not perfectly fractionated, and apparent broadening of the distribution occurs. This broadening results from an axial (longitudinal) mixing of the eluting species. Consideration of the accessible bed volume for each species permits a correction to be made for this axial dispersion. The concept was applied to heterodisperse distributions by solving the resulting simultaneous equations. A least-squares regression may be employed to utilize the experimental data most effectively. The experimental chromatogram can be described in terms of accessible bed volume and dispersion coefficient of each species together with flow rate, sample concentration, and chromatograph column geometry. The chromatogram corrected for the axial dispersion describes the molecular weight distribution more accurately than does the experimentally determined curve. The correction procedure was applied to a well-characterized polystyrene; the results of the gel permeation chromatography show excellent confirmation of the results of fractionation and of other instrumental analyses.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040506
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of crosslink density on the creep behavior of natural rubber vulcanizatesPaper presented at the 36th Annual Meeting of the Society of Rheology, Case Institute of Technology, Cleveland, Ohio, October 25-27, 1965. (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 745-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Torsional creep measurements on four natural rubber vulcanizates, crosslinked to different degrees, were carried out in the temperature range from -50 to 90°C. This investigation complements the studies on identical samples of the stress relaxation behavior by Chasset and Thirion and of the dynamic mechanical response by Ferry, Mancke, Maekawa, Ōyanagi, and Dickie. The creep measurements reported are shown to be in agreement with the stress relaxation results. In addition to the usual temperature reduction, a superposed curve was obtained for the long time response using the apparent molecular weight between crosslinks, Mc, as a reduction variable. The variation in viscoelastic response with crosslink density is interpreted as a restrictive action of the chemical crosslinks on the transient entanglement network.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040507
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of stereosequence length on crystallization kinetics of propylene oxide polymersPresented to the Division of Polymer Chemistry, 150th American Chemical Society Meeting, Atlantic City, N. J., September 1965. (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 715-729 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Crystallization kinetics of crystalline fractions of propylene oxide polymers made with different catalysts have been studied by isothermal dilatometric and microscopical measurements. Isothermal microscopical measurements indicate that spherulite growth in these polymers proceeds from predetermined nuclei. The half time for spherulitic appearance is less than, but of the same order as, the half time for complete crystallization. Only by taking this factor into account can the dilatometric data be represented by the Avrami equation. The deviation of the crystallization isotherm from that predicted from the microscopical data using the Avrami theory is attributed to a secondary crystallization process taking place within the spherulite. Crystallization continues long after spherulites completely occupy the available volume in the polymer. By assuming that the secondary crystallization proceeds as a first-order process in the uncrystallized, but crystallizable, portions of the melt, it is shown that the crystallization isotherms can be completely described in terms of four parameters. These are: (1) the time constant for the primary crystallization process; (2) the time constant for nucleation; (3) the time constant for the secondary crystallization process, and (4) the extent of secondary crystallization. The important conclusions of these studies are: the rates of nucleation and of spherulitic growth are far more dependent on temperature than on stereoregularity; the ratio of the rate of the secondary crystallization process to that of the primary crystallization process is almost independent of temperature, but increases with increasing stereoregularity of the polymer.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040505
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of pressure-crystallized polypropylene (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 777-788 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The structure of polypropylene crystallized at pressures up to 5000 atm. has been studied. Upon slow cooling from the melt at 320 atm., the γ modification, previously found only in low molecular weight and stereoblock fractions, begins to appear in small amounts in addition to the normal α monoclinic form. As the pressure is increased further, a larger proportion of the sample crystallizes in the γ form until, at 5000 atm., only the γ modification is present. X-ray and DTA studies show that the γ form of polypropylene transforms to the normal α modification at a temperature only slightly below the γ melting point. Evidence is presented which favors the occurrence of a solid-state transition as a model of transformation to the α form. Results from isothermal crystallizations at low supercoolings and annealing experiments under high pressure show that the melting point of the γ modification of polypropylene is very sensitive to crystallite perfection.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040509
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular weight determination of polyamides by vapor pressure osmometry (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 817-825 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The vapor pressure osmometry method for determining the molecular weight of polyamides has been studied by use of the newly developed solvents. Polymers used were polycaprolactams, polyenanthamides, and polypelargonamides. The measurements were carried out with 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propanol and 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-dodecafluoro-1-heptanol as solvents at 50 and 130°C., respectively. Endgroup determinations on samples were also done in m-cresol by 0.1 N-hydrochloric acid. Reduced resistance differences (ΔR/C)0 obtained by vapor pressure osmometry at 50°C. were found to be in linear relation with the reciprocal of the number-average molecular weight determined by endgroup titrations; but anomalous results were obtained when dodecafluoroheptanol was used as the solvent at 130°C.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040512
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientation behavior of stereoregular poly(vinyl alcohols) (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 797-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The orientation behavior of stereoregular poly(vinyl alcohols) was investigated during stretching and after releasing the stress on the bulk polymers at relatively high humidity (80% R. H.) A structural model, differing from polyethylene, was proposed in which the crystallites were embedded in a considerably swollen amorphous matrix without any definite physical interaction so as to form an aggregation of crystallites, a superstructure. The crystal orientation followed, in principle, “the first borderline case” of Kratky, but with some difference from theory in orientation, while the noncrystalline orientation was represented by the freely jointed equivalent chain model of Kuhn and Grün with a value of N/γ as small as around 5. The difference between crystal orientation found and the theorietical orientation is discussed and some factors which prevented the crystal orientation are considered.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040511
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    Group motions in the glassy state of some substituted polystyrenes and poly(vinyl benzoates) (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 789-796 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Mechanical damping measurements were carried out in the range of 103-105 cps and between 60°K. and the softening point on some substituted Polystyrenes and poly(vinyl benzoates) containing different substituents (methyl groups, methoxy groups, and halogen atoms) either in the ring or in the main chain. The ortho and meta ring-substituted polystyrenes do not show any secondary mechanical relaxation in the glassy state, although all the other substituted polystyrenes, exhibit a low-temperature damping peak (δ process) (which is in some way connected with ring motions) whose height and temperature location depend on nature, position, and number of substituents. Substituents in the para position of the ring or in the α position in the backbone chain shift the δ peak of the unsubstituted polystyrene towards higher temperatures; this shift is accompanied by an increase of the apparent activation energy E*. Substitution in the β position, on the contrary, does not affect the δ peak. Analogous results are obtained for substituted poly(vinyl benzoates), which exhibit, in addition, a β relaxation effect, associated with carboxyl group motions. A very good correlation is found between the values of E* and the limiting relaxation time τ for the δ relaxation of polystyrenes and poly(vinyl benzoates), similarly substituted in the ring, indicating that the δ relaxation leads to absorption curves in the mechanical relaxation spectrum which are characteristic of the structure of the aromatic side chain.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040510
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    The equilibrium melting point of polyoxymethylene (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 827-829 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040513
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    Preparation and use of very tight osmotic membranes (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 830-831 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040514
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second virial coefficient of amylose acetate (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 835-844 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The second virial coefficients of amylose acetate fractions have been determined at different temperatures and have been analyzed according to recent theories of second virial coefficient.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040601
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    Electronic Resource
    Relaxation phenomena in concentrated polyelectrolyte solution. II (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 845-854 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Dynamic viscoelastic properties of 10 and 20% aqueous solutions of sodium polyacrylate were studied by the electromagnetic transducer method at 500 cps in the temperature range of 0-50°C. These solutions distinctly showed a relaxation phenomenon in this temperature range which was also affected by addition of such compounds as sodium chloride, urea, and dioxane. An anomalous behavior that cannot be explained as due to the relaxation phenomenon was observed on the addition of small amounts of these agents. One of the causes of this behavior is ascribed to the ion association in the solution. The static viscosity of the solution was also measured by using a rotating cylinder viscometer and the results compared with the dynamic data.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040602
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    Glass transitions in ionic polymersContribution no. 1890 from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif. (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 855-868 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The glass transitions of an ionic polymer in bulk have been studied as a function of the counterion for various homo- and copolymers. It is shown that the glass transition temperature can vary by as much as 530°C., from -10°C. for the nonionic material to +520 for Ca2+ or Zn2+ substituted polymer. From simple electrostatic considerations, it is shown that a linear correlation should exist beween the glass transition and the ratio of the cation charge, q, to the internuclear distance, a, between cation and chain anion; for this particular material (the polyphosphate chain) the relation is Tg = 625(q/a) -12 where q is in units of one electron and a is in A. If the data are interpreted in the light of the Gibbs-DiMarzio theory, it is seen that both the chain stiffness and the intermolecular energy increase in an approximately parallel manner as q/a increases.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040603
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    Configurational entropy of polyethylene and other linear polymers (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 869-880 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The configurational entropy of the polyethylene chain at the melting points calculated in two ways. In both calculations, tetrahedral angles and discrete trans and gauche arrangements of all bonds are assumed, and trans bonds are assumed more stable than gauche by energy U1. First, calculations are made on chains of up to N = 18 bonds, disallowing all configurations having overlapping atoms, and the result is extrapolated to large N. Second, a calculation is made directly for long chains, with overlaps excluded only over every short chain segment. The results are in almost exact agreement, suggesting that the second method can be safely used with other molecules. The calculated configurational entropy is in line with that suggested by the entropy of fusion, assuming the chains to acquire a configurational freedom in the melt which approaches that of independent chains.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040604
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    Angular distribution of intensity of rayleigh scattering from comblike branched molecules (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 881-897 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The angular distribution function P(θ) for intensity of light scattered by a dilute solution of comblike branched molecules has been determined for three situations of some interest for evaluation of experimental data: (1) the molecules are identical with branches of equal length attached equidistantly along linear backbone chains; (2) the molecules are homogeneous in mass, with the same number of branches on each molecule, but the branches are distributed at random along the chain; (3) branches and main chains are still uniform, but the molecules are heterogeneous in mass with the number of branches per molecule distributed according to the binomial distribution and the branches in any molecule spaced randomly along the backbone. Examination of numerical results shows that the scattering functions for models (1) and (2) are not very different. The function for case (3) is somewhat different from the others when the mean number of branches per molecule is small but they contain a large fraction of the mass of the molecule. Over a limited range of the pertinent variables (corresponding roughly to observations on typical vinyl polymers of molecular weights up to 106) all three functions agree quite well with P(θ) for homogeneous linear chains with the same mean-square radius of gyration.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040605
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light-scattering study of the molecular weight distribution of polypropylene (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 923-942 
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    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A light-scattering study is presented of two isotactic polypropylene samples with broad molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn = 8.1 and 8.7, respectively) dissolved in α-chloronaphthalene at 147°C. Incident radiation of 5460, 4358, and 3650 A. was used. The reciprocal intramolecular scattering function, P-1(u) is expressed as a function of the variable [sin(θ/2)/λ′]2. This provides a wider range of experimental values of the variable u = 16π2(b2/6) [sin(θ/2)/λ′]2 than is accessible by the usual technique of using only one wavelength. The shape of the function P-1(u) is closer to that predicted theoretically if the weight distribution function f(N) in the equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ P(u) = \int_0^\infty {Nf(N)P_N (u)dN} /\int_0^\infty {Nf(N)dN} $\end{document} is given by the log-normal distribution rather than the distribution function of Schulz and Zimm. The method is applicable to polymer samples for which the average molecular weights are too low to be measured by the light-scattering method of Benoit and Loucheux.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040608
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  • 40
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    Electronic Resource
    Effect of chemical reagents on the fine structure of cellulose. Part III. Action of caustic soda on cotton and ramie (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 571-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The changes in x-ray orientation brought about by the treatment of cotton and ramie with caustic soda of different concentrations have been studied. With ramie the effect of the treatment is to decrease the x-ray orientation, while with cotton the reverse is true. The cause of this difference is traced to a difference in the morphology of the two fibers rather than a difference in their fine structure.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040403
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    Frequency and temperature dependence of the dynamic mechanical properties of poly-4-methylpentene-1Presented at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Society of Rheology, Baltimore, Maryland, October 29-31, 1962. (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 559-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The dynamic mechanical properties of poly-4-methylpentene-1 have been measured in torsion in the temperature range from 25 to 160°C. at frequencies from 10-3 to 10 cps. Two transitions are found. The first, with a peak at 40°C. at 1 cps, appears as a normal glass transition. A broad high temperature peak appears at 130°C. The dynamic compliance-frequency data can be superposed by the conventional method of reduced variables for temperatures up to 100°C. The temperature dependence of the shift factors follows the WLF equation. Above this temperature, superposition can be achieved by applying horizontal and vertical shifts to both components of the dynamic compliance. When the vertical shift is permitted, the range of applicability of the WLF equation is extended to 160°C.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040402
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  • 42
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    Dynamic mechanical properties of crystalline, linear polyethylene (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 545-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Two sets of dynamic mechanical property data and some stress relaxation data for semicrystalline, linear polyethylene are treated by data reduction methods previously described. These data can be represented by a master plot of reduced modulus versus reduced frequency and two sets of temperature-dependent shift factors. The first of these factors reflects the change of viscoelastic relaxation times with temperature. The second represents a separable change of modulus with temperature which applies over the entire time or frequency range of the experiments. This change is larger and in the opposite direction to that found applicable in the behavior of noncrystalline plastics and rubbers. The two sets of dynamic data show the same frequency-temperature dependence which can be represented by an activation energy of 22 kcal./mole. Small differences in the modulus-temperature dependence are attributed to differences in molecular weight or annealing conditions. The stress relaxation data superposes to a curve in good agreement with the dynamic data but with a factor of 20 difference in time scale. This difference is attributed to the finite strains used in the stress relaxation measurements. Such strains might be expected to increase free volume in simple extension deformations and so accelerate the relaxation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040401
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  • 43
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    NMR observations of drawn polymers. V. Sorption into drawn and undrawn polyethylene (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 587-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: NMR measurements on undrawn polyethylene (PE) samples in contact with a solvent such as C2Cl4 indicate an increase in the mobility of the mobile chain segments as compared to dry samples. Highly drawn PE shows no such effect. This is because Sa, the sorption per unit mass of noncrystalline material present, decreases from 20.9 wt.-% (dry basis), found for undrawn quenched PE, to 0.63 wt.-% after drawing (Sa determined at 25°C. and 0.80 vapor activity). Drawing also reduces the segment mobility according to the NMR spectrum. It is shown that these effects are caused by considerable structural changes occurring in the noncrystalline regions of PE upon drawing. Annealing of drawn PE samples at successively higher temperatures leads to a gradual relaxation of the noncrystalline regions towards the state characteristic of undrawn PE. With increasing annealing temperature Sa as well as the mobility approach values found with undrawn PE.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040404
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  • 44
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    Molecular Complexes in Organic Chemistry. Von L. J. Andrews und R. M. Keefer. Holden-Day, Inc., San Francisco-London-Amsterdam 1964. 1. Aufl., VIII., 196 S., zahlr. Abb. u. Tab., geb. $ 8.75 (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 124-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780130
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  • 45
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    Neuere Untersuchungen zur Kinetik des Kristallwachstums (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 130-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Grundlage der Theorie des Kristallwachstums sind die Vorstellungen eines Wachstums über zweidimensionale Keime und eines Wachstums mit Hilfe von Versetzungen. Für eine experimentelle Prüfung der theoretischen Aussagen sind vor allem Messungen der Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit in Abhängigkeit von der Übersättigung geeignet. Für das Wachstum aus dem Dampf, der Lösung und der Schmelze werden die experimentellen Resultate den theoretischen Aussagen gegenübergestellt. Unabhängig von der Art der Mutterphase findet man je nach den Versuchsbedingungen Beispiele für beide Wachstumsarten.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780203
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  • 46
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    Schwingungsspektroskopische Konformationsanalyse des Bicyclopropyls (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 141-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780204
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  • 47
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    Einfluß von Neutralsalzen auf die Wasserstoffionen-Aktivität (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 151-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780217
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  • 48
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    Applications of NMR Spectroscopy in Organic Chemistry. Illustrations from the steroid field. Von N. S. Bhacca und D. H. Williams. Holden-Day, Inc., San Francisco-London-Amsterdam 1964. 1. Aufl., X, 198 S., 74 Abb., 24 Tab., Ganzl. $ 7.95 (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 154-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780220
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  • 49
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    Masthead (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780301
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  • 50
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    Die Synthese von Oligo- und PolynucleotidenMeinem verehrten Lehrer, Professor K. Freudenberg, einem der Pioniere der Chemie der Biopolymeren, zum 80. Geburtstage gewidmet (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 186-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Probleme und Ergebnisse der Synthese von Oligonucleotiden werden zusammenfassend dargestellt. Die zentrale Rolle der Nucleinsäuren im biochemischen Geschehen fordert dazu auf, Nucleinsäuren bekannter Sequenz und Kettenlänge zu synthetisieren. Durch chemische Synthese lassen sich mit geeigneten Schutzgruppen und Kondensationsmitteln definierte Oligomere mit verschiedenen Sequenzen bis zu 12 Gliedern und Homo-oligomere mit einer Maximallänge von 30 Gliedern erhalten. Die enzymatische Synthese von Ribonucleinsäuren kann so gelenkt werden, daß Polynucleotide mit definierten Sequenzen entstehen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780304
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    Bis-(2,5-di-tert.butylphenyl)-methyl, ein nicht assoziierendes DiarylmethylHerrn Professor K. Freudenberg zum 80. Geburtstag in Verehrung gewidmet (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 207-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780307
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  • 52
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    Die Bedeutung von Mutanten bei Enterobacteriaceen für die chemische Erforschung ihrer Zellwand-PolysaccharideHerrn Professor Karl Freudenberg in Verehrung und Freundschaft zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 172-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enterobacteriaceen bilden als äußere Zelloberfläche eine Zellwand, die aus einer rigiden Struktur (Murein) besteht, auf welche Protein, Lipoid und Polysaccharid aufgelagert sind. Bei den bakteriellen Wildformen (S-Formen) ist das Polysaccharid species-spezifisch und Träger der serologisch determinanten Gruppen des jeweiligen O-Antigens. Es handelt sich um Heteropolysaccharide, an deren Aufbau bis zu acht verschiedene Monosaccharide beteiligt sein können. Gebunden an Lipoid A, stellen die Lipopolysaccharide der Zellwände die Endotoxine dieser Bakterien dar. - In den letzten Jahren ist die Struktur der enterobakteriellen Zellwand-Polysaccharide durch chemische, immunchemische, biochemische und genetische Untersuchungen besonders bei Salmonellen weitgehend aufgeklärt worden. Sie sind aus zwei Anteilen aufgebaut: einem allen Species gemeinsamen Kern- oder Basal-Polysaccharid, an welches (bei den S-Formen) längere species-spezifische Seitenketten gebunden sind, die aus sich wiederholenden Oligosaccharid-Einheiten bestehen. - Durch spontane S → R-Mutation entstehen R-Formen, welche sich als Verlust-Mutanten der Wildformen in Bezug auf die Biosynthese des kompletten Zellwand-Polysaccharids erwiesen haben. Gegenüber der Vielfalt an serologischen Spezifitäten der S-Formen findet man bei R-Formen nur einige wenige Serotypen (RI, RII u. a.) Die R-Polysaccharide entsprechen Zwischenstufen in der Biosynthese des Polysaccharids der Wildform, und die S → R-Mutation führt jeweils zum Verlust (oder zur Blockierung) eines am Aufbau des S-Polysaccharids beteiligten Enzyms (Transferase, Synthetase). Neuerdings konnten viele bisher unbekannte Verlust-Mutanten isoliert und analysiert werden, wodurch zahlreiche biosynthetische Zwischenstufen des Zellwand-Polysaccharids, z.B. von Salmonella minnesota, der direkten Analyse zugänglich wurden. - Nach diesen Untersuchungen bestehen die Zellwand-Polysaccharide der Salmonellen aus einer Polyheptosephosphat-Grundkette, welche über Ketodesoxyoctonsäure (KDO) an Lipoid A gebunden ist. An die Grundkette sind Pentasaccharid-Einheiten von gebunden (RII-Struktur). Alle übrigen R-Formen sind strukturell Verlust-Mutanten von RII. In den kompletten Polysacchariden der Salmonella-S-Formen sind an das terminale N-Acetylglucosamin der RII-Struktur die sich wiederholenden Oligosaccharid-Einheiten der spezifischen Seitenketten gebunden.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780303
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    Ammonothermalsynthese von Magnesium- und BerylliumamidHerrn Professor Karl Freudenberg anläßlich des 80. Geburtstages gewidmet (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 208-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780309
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  • 54
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    Neue Synthese von L-Felinin (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 209-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780312
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  • 55
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    Reaktionen der Trithiokohlensäure mit Malonylchlorid (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 210-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780314
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  • 56
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    Rundschau (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 213-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780318
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  • 57
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    Advances in Drug Research, Vol. 1. Herausgeg. v. N. J. Harper und Alma B. Simmonds. Academic Press, London-New York 1964. 1. Aufl. X, 209 S., zahlr. Tab. u. mehr. Abb., £2,10,0 (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 215-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780321
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  • 58
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    Radionuklid-Tabellen. Zusammengestellt v. W. Seelmann-Eggebert und G. Pfennig; herausgeg. v. Bundesministerium f. wissenschaftl. Forschung. Verlag Gersbach & Sohn, München 1964. 1. Aufl., 79 S., Kart. DM 4.- (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 216-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780324
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  • 59
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    Diels-Alder-Reaktionen ITeil II erscheint in Kürze in dieser Zeitschrift.: Präparative Aspekte (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 233-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Seit fast 40 Jahren beanspruchen die nach ihren Entdeckern benannten Cycloadditionen konjugierter Diene präparatives und mechanistisches Interesse. Die fast unerschöpfliche Variierbarkeit der Komponenten dieser Einstufenreaktionen bietet Zugang zu wichtigen Verbindungsklassen. Die in diesem Aufsatz gebotene Systematik der präparativen Anwendungen berücksichtigt vorwiegend neuere Ergebnisse. Im später erscheinenden zweiten Teil des Beitrags werden die mechanistischen Aspekte der Diels-Alder-Reaktionen diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780403
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  • 60
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    Über die Passivität der Metalle (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 253-266 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nach einer Übersicht über die Vielzahl der sowohl vom Metall als auch vom angreifenden Medium abhängenden Faktoren, welche die anodische Metallauflösung beeinflussen können, wird die Natur der Passiv-Schichten auf Grund elektrochemischer und optischer Untersuchungen behandelt. Die für die Passivierung charakteristische steile Abnahme der anodischen Stromdichte bei wachsender Galvanispannung wird schon durch eine monomolekulare, den Durchtritt der Metallionen durch die Phasengrenze hemmenden Schicht hervorgerufen. Das Wachstum dieser Schicht wird maßgeblich durch Transportvorgänge vor allem in ihr selbst beeinflußt. Die Kinetik der Passivierungs- und Aktivierungsvorgänge läßt sich durch potentialabhängige, konkurrierende Simultanreaktionen deuten, wobei die Austauschadsorption im Passiv-Verhalten eines Metalls gegenüber verschiedenen Säuren eine Rolle zu spielen scheint.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780404
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    Neue Tieftemperatur-Initiatoren (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 268-268 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780409
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  • 62
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    Dehydrierung von Aminderivaten mit Quecksilber-äthylendiamintetraacetat (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 272-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780415
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  • 63
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    Electrons and Chemical Bonding. Von H. B. Gray. Verlag W. A. Benjamin, Inc., New York-Amsterdam 1964. 1. Aufl., XIV, 223 S., zahlr. Abb. u. Tab., broschiert $4.35, Ln. $8.80 (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 274-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780418
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  • 64
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    Acid-Base Equilibria. Von E. J. King. The International Encyclopedia of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics. Herausgeg. v. E. A. Guggenheim, J. E. Mayer in F. C. Tompkins. Band 4/15. Pergamon Press, Oxford-London-Edinburgh-New York-Paris-Frankfurt 1965. 1. Aufl., XI, 341 S., £ 6.0.0 (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 275-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780421
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  • 65
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    Masthead (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780501
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  • 66
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    Synthese von Nortricyclenen aus Bicycloketonen in einstufiger Reaktion (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 266-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780405
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    Nachweis des verbotenen optischen Übergangs an dimeren Carbocyaninen bei tiefen Temperaturen (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 304-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780507
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  • 68
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    Über Amido-, Fluoroamido- und Fluorothiophosphate (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 272-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780414
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    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung von Fluormethan in geschmolzenen Fluoriden (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 307-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780513
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  • 70
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    Electronic Resource
    Synthese freier Dithiocarbamidsäure SC(SH)(NH2) (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 334-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780609
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  • 71
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780601
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  • 72
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    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear Techniques in Analytical Chemistry. Von A. J. Moses. International Series of Monographs on Analytical Chemistry. Herausgeg.: R. Belcher u. L. Gordon. Verlag Pergamon Press, Oxford-London-Edinburgh-New York-Paris-Frankfurt 1964. 1. Aufl., VII, 142 S., zahlr. Abb. u. Tabb., 1 Farbtafel, £2.5.0 (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 275-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780419
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  • 73
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    Electronic Resource
    Klinische Chemie. Theorie und Praxis. Von R. Richterich. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Frankfurt/M., S. Karger AG. Basel 1965. 1. Aufl., XII/416 S., 76 Abb., 89 Tab., DM 59.50 (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 276-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780423
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  • 74
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    Electronic Resource
    Peptidsynthesen mit am Harz aktivierten Bausteinen34. Mitteilung über Peptidsynthesen. - 33. Mitteilung: Th. Wieland u. W. Kahle, Liebigs Ann. Chem., im Druck. (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 303-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780504
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  • 75
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    Electronic Resource
    Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry. Herausg. v. R. L. Whistler unter Mitwirkung v. J. N. BeMiller u. M. L. Wolfrom. Bd. V: General Polysaccharides. Academic Press, New York-London 1965. 1. Aufl., XXII, 463 S., 26 Abb., 11 Tab., geb. £ 16.50 (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 342-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780620
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  • 76
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    Electronic Resource
    Reaktionen des 1,2,4,5-Tetramethyl-3,5-cyclohexadien-cis-1,2-dicarbonsäureanhydrids im angeregten Zustand (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 305-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780508
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  • 77
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    Electronic Resource
    Isostere des Hexamethyldisiloxans und des Tris-trimethylsilylamins (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 306-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780511
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  • 78
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    Electronic Resource
    Eine neue Synthese von Adipinsäure aus Acetylen und Essigsäure (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 388-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780706
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  • 79
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780801
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  • 80
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    Electronic Resource
    Synthese chlorierter Pyryliumsalze (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 448-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780804
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  • 81
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    Electronic Resource
    Ein Wirbeltierhormon als Wehrstoff des Gelbrandkäfers (Dytiscus marginalis) (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 392-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780713
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  • 82
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    Electronic Resource
    Struktur und Magnetismus ternärer Fluoride (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 451-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780811
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  • 83
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    Electronic Resource
    The Chemistry of Alkenes. Herausg.: S. Patat. Th Chemistry of Functional Groups. A series of advanced treatises. Verlag Interscience Publishers, a Division of J. Wiley & Sons, London-New York-Sydney 1964. 1. Aufl., IX, 1315 S., zahlr. Abb. u. Tabb. £15.15.0 (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 312-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780521
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  • 84
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    Electronic Resource
    Strahlenchemische Synthese von Phosphonium- und Arsonium-Salzen (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 331-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780604
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  • 85
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    Electronic Resource
    Synthesen und Reaktionen O,N,N′-trialkylsubstituierter Isoharnstoffe (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 483-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die kupferchlorid-katalysierte Addition von Alkoholen an aliphatische Carbodiimide (insbesondere Diisopropylcarbodiimid) zu O,N,N′-Trialkyl-isoharnstoffen erlaubt im Fall bifunktioneller Hydroxyverbindungen - α-Hydroxycarbonsäureester, Diole, Halogenalkohole, Aminoalkohole und cyclische Hydroxyäther - Folgereaktionen zu 5-, 6- und 7-gliedrigen 1,3-O,N- oder 1,3-N,N-Heterocyclen. O,N,N′-Trialkyl-isoharnstoffe sind selektive Alkylierungsmittel. So lassen sich Alkohole mit Allylstruktur mit Hilfe von Diisopropyl-carbodiimid veräthern; eine neue Veresterungsmethode über O,N,N′-Trialkyl-isoharnstoffe wurde an der Mesitylencarbonsäure angewendet.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780904
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  • 86
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    Electronic Resource
    Aus der Chemie der Formamidine (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 339-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780615
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  • 87
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    Electronic Resource
    Rundschau (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 340-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780619
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  • 88
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    Electronic Resource
    Advances in Inorganic Chemistry and Radiochemistry. Band 6. Von H. J. Emeléus und A. G. Sharpe. Academic Press Inc., New York 1964. 1. Aufl., 530 S., zahlr. Abb. und Tab., geb. $ 16.- (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 500-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780921
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  • 89
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    Electronic Resource
    Neuere Methoden der präparativen organischen Chemie VIDie Beiträge der vorangehenden drei Reihen sind gesammelt in drei Bänden im Verlag Chemie, Weinheim/Bergstr., erschienen. Englische Ausgabe: Academic Press, New York-London. - Band IV und V sind in Vorbereitung. Ringschlußreaktionen mit Kohlenmonoxid (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 532-544 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kohlenmonoxid läßt sich mit geeigneten ungesättigten Ausgangsverbindungen katalytisch zu heterocyclischen Carbonylverbindungen umsetzen. Die Ringschlußreaktion hat zu neuen Synthesen von Imiden, Lactamen, Lactonen, Phthalimidinen, Indazolonen und Tetrahydrochinazolinen geführt.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660781004
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  • 90
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    Electronic Resource
    Eine spiroheterocyclische Nickel-Kohlenoxid-Verbindung (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 547-547 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660781009
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  • 91
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    Germylverbindungen des Strontiums, Bariums und Zinks (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 549-549 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660781013
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  • 92
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    Darstellung gesättigter und ungesättigter Oxocarbonsäuren aus Dicarbonsäureanhydriden und Alkylaluminium-Verbindungen (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 491-491 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780905
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  • 93
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    Neue Synthese des 1,2,5-Thiadiazols und einiger Derivate (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 493-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780909
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  • 94
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    Darstellung von Tetramethylzirkonium Zr(CH3)4 (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 495-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780913
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  • 95
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    Friedel-Crafts and Related Reactions. Herausgeg. von G. Olah. Band III: Acylation and Related Reactions, Teil 1 und Teil 2. Interscience Publishers, a Division of John Wiley & Sons, New York-London-Sydney 1964. 1. Aufl., Teil 1 und Teil 2 zus. 1606 S., zahlr. Tab., geb. £ 22.10.0 (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 499-499 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780918
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  • 96
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    Bildung von 5-Methoxy-2,3,4-furantricarbonsäure-trimethylester aus Acetylendicarbonsäure-dimethylester (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 588-588 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660781106
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  • 97
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    Über den strukturellen Aufbau von Gläsern (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 577-587 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Erstarrung einer Schmelze mit Raumnetz-, Netz- und Kettenstrukturen zu einem Glas ist leicht möglich, wenn die freie Drehbarkeit um die Bindung zwischen einem Zentralatom und den als Brückenatomen fungierenden Liganden (z. B. einer genügenden Menge von Brückenatomen wie O, F und S oder Gliedern wie CH2 mit einem Valenzwinkel 〈 180°) eine unregelmäßige Verknüpfung zuläßt. Bei Vernetzungen über vorwiegend drei- und vierwertige Elemente (As, Ge) können Gläser nicht aus der Schmelze, wohl aber durch andere Prozesse, z. B. Aufdampfen, gewonnen werden (Gläser im weiteren Sinne). Wegen der starken Vernetzung ist das Bindungssystem und damit die Nahordnung der Atome in der Schmelze anders als im Glas oder im Kristall. Ein flüssiges Gemisch von Molekeln verschiedener Größe und Gestalt kann ebenfalls glasig erstarren. Ferner bilden sich Gläser, wenn nur die Gestalt einer einzigen Molekelsorte die regelmäßige Packung zu einem Kristallgitter erschwert.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660781104
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  • 98
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    Organometallic Synthesis. Bd. I: Transition-Metall Compounds. Herausgeg. von J. J. Eisch und R. B. King. Academic Press, New York 1965. 1. Aufl., VIII, 186 S., $6.50 (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 500-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660780920
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  • 99
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    Die Konformationen von trans-1,2-Dicyclopropyläthylen und Vinylcyclopropan (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 544-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660781005
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  • 100
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    C-Azido-N-sulfonylformamidine und ihre Umlagerung zu C-(N-Sulfonylamino)-tetrazolen (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 548-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660781011
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