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  • 2015-2019
  • 1965-1969  (891)
  • 1890-1899
  • 1966  (891)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (835)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (56)
Material
Years
  • 2015-2019
  • 1965-1969  (891)
  • 1890-1899
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 621-624 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 3-24 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Scale-up of a mixing process in fermentation involves breaking the process down into individual but interrelated steps. The effect of mixing on gas-liquid absorption, fluid shear rates, blending, and heat transfer allows each to be considered separately. A method of estimating the mixer size required in a full-scale system from pilot studies illustrates the application of a particular technique.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 71-84 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model system, utilizing shear-sensitive protozoa, has been developed for characterizing the disruptive forces in agitated systems. The model system gives a measure of the maximum shear stresses in the apparatus being tested, and is particularly useful when tissue fragility is a factor in fermentor design. The time dependency of protozoan disruption is shown and discussed. Breakdown data in conventional stirred vessels and a laminar shear device are presented and discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 153-165 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The design and operation of a permanently-piped plant for sterilizing 10-200 l. of tissue-culture media is described. The plant is sterilized in situ by steam injection, the filtration rate is 2-3 l./min., and the turn-around time for volumes of 100 l. is about 3 hr.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 371-378 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previous studies indicated that when cells grown in a NaCl-free glucose medium were subjected to a high salt concentration, cellular constituents were released which were metabolized by the cells in preference to glucose. In the present study, cells grown on glucose in high salt medium were subjected to a shock loading of salt-free medium. In this case, the resulting lysate was not used in preference to glucose; the lysate was metabolized only after an acclimation period following glucose utilization. It was shown by injecting chloramphenicol into the reaction liquor during glucose metabolism that new protein synthesis was required in order to metabolize the lysate. This response represents an additional way in which a rapid change in salt concentration can adversely affect biological treatment of waste waters, and a new type of situation in which sequential removal of substrates occurs.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 453-455 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 461-463 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 464-464 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 43-54 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Power requirements in the agitation of non-Newtonian fermentation broths with and without aeration were measured by a strain gage-type dynamometer. Broth from the production of gluc-amylase by Endomyces species and carboxymethyl cellulose solutions were used as non-Newtonian fluids. In gas-liquid agitation systems, the correlation between Pg and P02 ND3/Q0.56 observed by Michel and Miller was found to be applicable to non-Newtonian fluids in laminar and transition regions. This was particularly true for fluids with apparent viscosities larger than 300 cp. The impeller diameter and impeller blade width had considerable effects on power consumption in a nongassed system. It was suggested, therefore, that Pg/P0 should be correlated by a dimensionless term involving some impeller-size factors.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 297-313 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Observations on quantitative relationships between oxygen diffusion rate and product formation were made with penicillin, bacitracin, and gluconic acid. For penicillin and gluconic acid formation, no toxic oxygen concentration could be achieved in the broth, whereas concentration above approximately 7 mg. O2/l. suppressed the bacitracin yield to an ever increasing extent. The intensity of mixing was measured by means of distributing a dye. With penicillin formation as an example, it was shown that the antibiotic yield is not only dependent on maintenance of a certain oxygen diffusion rate, but also on ensuring a necessary minimal mixing.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966) 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Meta-Stat gas monitor, a component instrument which automatically monitors and controls the pH and gas content of the liquid phase in suspension cell-culture systems, has been developed to provide continuous pH control within ± 0.015 units, as well as continuous oxygen control within 0.5% of the preset level in the range of 0-40% O2.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966) 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 237-245 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Extremely halophilic bacteria, which are able to grow in, and require, saturated or near-saturated salt solutions are both of historical interest and of practical importance as food spoilage organisms. In addition, because of the environment in which they live, their membranes, enzymes, and ribosomes have unusual or unique properties that make them especially worthy of physiological study. A simple method for growing large quantities of extreme halophiles is described, and various growth media, both complex and synthetic are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 259-273 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A chemically defined medium for Micromonospora purpurea has been devised, consisting of glucose, a nitrogen source, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, dibasic potassium phosphate, and the required trace quantities of iron, copper, zinc, and manganese. Using washed cell inocula, dry mycelial weights of more than 16 mg./ml. were obtained in 7-day shaken-flask fermentations. Nutrient requirements for M. purpurea are discussed and growth data presented. Sucrose, maltose, starches and dextrins could be substituted for glucose, and resulted in good growth of the organism. A number of amino acids and inorganic nitrogen-containing compounds were capable of utilization as sole nitrogen sources. Weekly serial transfers of the culture in defined medium have shown no diminution in mycelial weights over a four-month period.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Polysaccharide gum was made by fermentation with Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 in a medium of glucose, minerals, and distillers' solubles. The effect of distillers' solubles on growth rate can be described by the familiar saturation equation. Although a quasistoichiometric relationship was observed between nitrogen utilization and growth, total nitrogen supply was not growth limiting, nor was polymer formation growth associated. Cell growth primarily took place in the early part of the fermentation; polysaccharide biosynthesis occurred throughout the fermentation. Glucose was converted to polysaccharide at a fairly constant yield, which was 70-80% of glucose consumed, under optimum conditions. The kinetic patterns observed indicate that multistage continuous fermentation will be suitable for polysaccharide production.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 549-565 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A stable mixed yeast culture designated as Culture 4, consisting of Candida intermedia and Candida lipolytica was investigated. The culture was judged stable based on uniformity of fermentation results and the nearly constant ratio of the two organisms at the completion of fermentations. However, the ratio of the two organisms at different times during the fermentation was not determined. The mixed culture grew more rapidly on n-alkanes than did C. intermedia; C. lipolytica did not grow on unsupplemented mineral salt-n-alkane medium. Solid n-alkanes were dissolved in 2,6,0,14-tetramethylpentadecane (pristane) for investigation as carbon sources. With Culture 4, on n-alkanes ranging from pentadecane (C15) through octacosane (C28), cell yields were 74.2-89.5%; generation times were 3.0-8.0 hr. during the exponential growth phase. The fastest growth rates and highest cell yields were obtained with docosane (C22) as substrate. The cells obtained contained 6.75-8.81% nitrogen and 1.9-13.4% lipid. Crude protein yields were 34.4-47.6%. The oxidation of n-alkanes by C. intermedia was studied manometrically with resting whole cells. The alkaneoxidizing system of this organism appears to be constitutive and nonspecific for alkane substrates.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 167-182 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Probabilistic models for the killing of microorganisms are formulated and described. The utility of the models is illustrated by applying them to the optimization of an idealized fermentation process.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 193-193 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Oxygen Utilization as a scale-up parameter is evaluated in two antibiotic-producing fermentations. This method of scale-up was used in tank-to-tank and in flash-to-flash scale-up studies. Antibiotic yields and cell weight trends were generally duplicated in the replicate runs, with some discrepancy noted in chlortetracycline yields at high aeration levels. The apparatus for measuring oxygen consumption rates and for automatically controlling oxygen utilization, according to a predetermined pattern, is described.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 581-593 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Biological systems can be used in three types of fuel cell: depolarization (or concentration) cell, product cell, and redox cell. The possibilities and theoretical limitations of each type of cell have been considered in terms of the metabolic activities of microorganisms and the coupling of these to electrochemical systems. The use of cell extracts and enzymes, particularly in an insoluble form, has been discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966) 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 23
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 24
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 55-69 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: By means of gas-absorption experiments in a stirred vessel, with various depths of liquid above a properly positioned single-opening pipe-type gas sparger, conclusions are reached about relative contributions to the overall absorption rate by localized actions near the sparger tip, in the impeller region, and from bubbles distributed in the bulk volume of the fluid. Results are discussed for difficulty soluble gases (oxygen in water and chlorine in water) and a substantially soluble gas (chlorine in benzene). In all cases, dissolution rates in the vicinity of the sparger and impeller were significantly large compared with those near free bubbles.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 109-115 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The performance of a multiple-rod mixing impeller was compared to that of conventional turbine impellers in viscous novobiocin beers. The advantages of the multiple-rod impeller were found to be: (1) the power requirement was independent of changes in apparent viscosity of the fermentation beer; and (2) it gave the same novobiocin yield and oxygen-availability rate at about one-half of the power required by turbines.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 26
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 183-188 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A versatile and simple continuous-culture apparatus is described. With this apparatus, independent control of limiting growth factors and other nutrilites is possible and the conditions of each experiment are reproducible. In view of the synchronized speed of the feeder syringes, flow variation troubles are not encountered. The device allows the performance of growth experiments at different dilution rates simultaneously in a single run which makes the comparison of the results more reliable. The operation of the device has been tested successfully with a study of adenine deaminase induction in yeast.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 27
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 247-258 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The insect pathogen Bacillus popilliae Dutky causes a fatal milky disease of Japanese beetle larvae. Spores of the bacterium offer a biological means of controlling this insect. While satisfactory sporulation in vitro has not yet been accomplished, conditions have been developed for the proliferation of vegetative cells in shaken flasks and aerated fermentors. Vegetative cultures are maintained by frequent transfer or by lyophilization. Media based on yeast extract are used routinely, but corn steep liquor and casein hydrolyzates afford comparable yields of 5 × 108 cells/ml. in 16-24 hr. Nutritional requirements have been established for growth in a synthetic medium. Oxygen availability affects the pathway of carbohydrate catabolism and is necessary for optimal growth. In rapidly growing cultures, a short period of maximum viability is characteristically followed by rapid death of the cells. When inoculum size and transfer time are suitably manipulated, viable cell yields reach 1-2 × 109/ml. Alternative methods of propagation, including the addition of particulate carbon, and procedures designed either to neutralize acids or to remove metabolic products by dialysis, do not markedly enhance the yield of cells per volume of medium, although viability may be prolonged.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 28
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 195-215 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In three series of experiments, 3-l., 20-l., and 150-l. bacterial cultures were grown in stirred, deep culture vessels to average bacterial cell densities of 71 × 108, 63 × 108, and 43 × 108 viable organisms per milliliter, respectively, and then infected with phage. The average yield of progeny phage in each case was ca. 3000 mpfu (minimum plaque-forming units) per cell. Thus, the average mass of phage obtained in the 3-l. experiments was not less than 124 mg./l., calculated from the plaque counts, assuming a particle size of 3.6 × 106 Daltons for the μ2 phage. This is about twentyfold higher than is obtainable by conventional methods in aerated, shaken culture flasks. The actual phage yields are probably much higher than the minimum values calculated from plaque counts. For example, in the case of one of our culture lysates which was purified at King's College, the efficiency of plating was shown to be only 19%. The carbon dioxide evolution rate of cultures was measured and used as a guide to the time at which phage should be added. In this way, greater control of cultural conditions was obtained than is possible in shaken flasks. For the best yield of phage per milliliter of culture, the optimum time for phage infection was such that bacterial lysis just prevented the carbon dioxide evolution rate from reaching its potential maximum. The major factor influencing the phage yield per milliliter of culture was the aeration capacity of the culture vessel used. All had maximum aeration capacities much higher than those obtainable in shaken culture flasks. Cultures grown and infected in 3-l. Vessel operated under conditions of low aeration gave poor yields of phage. The reason for this are discussed.
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  • 29
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 287-296 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Growth of the ciliate, Colpoda steinii, was studied in shake flasks, 30-l., stirred jars, and a conventional 50-gal. stainless-steel fermentor. This organism was growth with either washed or unwashed Escherichia coli cells as the sole food source. Generation times of 3-4 hr. were obtained at 30°C. With average yields of 78% (0.78 g. of protozoa/g. of bacteria). In a 100-l. fermentation, a dry weight concentration of 12.5 g./l. (1.04 × 107 protozoa/ml.) was reached by means of periodic addition of E. coli paste. The influence of bacterial concentration on the growth rate of the protozoa was also investigated. It was found that this relationship could be represented by a Michaelis-Menten equation with a maximum specific growth rate of 0.23 hr. -1 (3-hr. generation time) and a bacterial concentration for half-maximum growth rate of 6.0 mg. (dry wt.)/l.
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  • 30
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 315-317 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 31
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 323-336 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental investigation of the foam separation of E. coli from distilled water suspension using a cationic surface-active agent, ethylhexadecyldimethyl-ammonium bromide (EHDA-Br) is presented. Results are evaluated in terms of total cell count, using a membrane filtration technique. Cell concentrations in the initial suspensions are varied from 5.0 × 105 to 1.0 × 108 cells/ml. Surfactant concentrations in the initial cell suspensions are varied from 0.015 to 0.040 mg./ml., and foaming times are varied from 2 to 20 min. The residual quantity of cells decreases exponentially with foaming time to about 0.02% of the initial quantity after 20 min. The cell enrichment ratio, varying from 10 to 1,000,000, is an inverse power function of the initial surfactant concentration and an exponential function of foaming time. Foaminess decreases with increasing initial cell concentrations, and for an initial surfactant concentration of 0.030 mg./ml., the residual cell concentration is a linear function of the initial cell concentration.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 33
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 379-388 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A multiphase project has been planned to develop a new biological process capable of economically treating high BOD wastes. Herein is presented the results of the first phase of the program, in which the feasibility of growing concentrated microbial cultures was investigated and the oxygen and power requirements for maintaining such cultures were determined. An example is given of the scale-up of power requirements for oxygen transfer in a prototype system.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Presented is a mathematical model for the continuous-flow steady-state bacterial culture which permits the experimental determination of carbon transfer rates within the system by use of radioactive tracer techniques. The transfer rates are specific for hydraulic loading rates, feed concentrations, type of organism, and substrate, and were incorporated within the existing theoretical description of the growth kinetics in order to elucidate the yield relationships. The carbon transfer rate of cells to soluble organic substrate was observed to exhibit a minimum value at or near dilution rate D = 0.5 hr.-1. A maximum effective yield coefficient, Y, was observed at the same value of D. At dilution rates greater and less than D = 0.5 hr.-1, the cell-substrate transfer rate increased, and effective yield coefficient was observed to decrease. The former showed increases of 50-200%, and the latter exhibited decreases of the order of 10%. The magnitude of these variations would seem to be significant in industrial fermentation processes which utilize continuous microbiological cultures. In light of these findings, the results of other researchers were shown to exhibit maximum effective yield at similar dilution rates or process loadings.
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  • 35
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 473-488 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An improved system is presented for measurement of interactions between a number of individual bacterial species. In the procedure, steady-state populations are fed into a common-mixed-culture vessel. Generation times of each species are determined under these conditions and contrasted with generation time in an identical situation in pure culture. Populations for generation time are determined with the aid of differential media. The mechanical system includes three types of peristaltic pumps for media feed and a unit for measurement, recording, and/or control of pH. A new type of anaerobic continuous-culture vessel which can be inoculated, sampled, and fed continuously is also described. A functional test of a three-part system including Streptococcus salivarius, Veilloncella alcalescens, and Staphylococcus aureus is presented. An unusual feature was the finding that, under certain conditions, the generation time of S. Salivarius was less than 10 min.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The requirements of the continuous analysis of effluent gas streams from aerated flash and tank fermentors are described, as are instrumental devices for measuring the oxygen and carbon dioxide content of fermentor gases. The use of a specially designed sequential gas sample for monitoring four fermentations simultaneously and a system for precise control of low air flow and pressure is explained. Equations for calculating carbon dioxide production or oxygen consumption rates and respiratory quotients are given. A discussion of the operating characteristics of a device for automatic translation of aeration data between fermentors is presented.
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  • 37
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 595-619 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 38
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 97-108 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dissolved oxygen measurements were made in pilot (20 and 250 l.) and production scale (15,000 l.) novobiocin fermentations. Bulk mixing was found to be incomplete in pilot tanks with turbine impellers of D/T = 0.40 (where D is impeller diameter, and T is tank diameter) but appeared homogeneous with impellers of D/T = 0.69. In the former case, the respiration rate was presumably limited by insufficient oxygen supply in areas of poor bulk mixing, whereas, in the latter case, the major resistance was between the bulk of the liquid and the cell (intraclump resistance). Higher agitator speeds decreased the gas-liquid resistance proportionally more than they reduced the liquid-cell resistance. In production fermentors, dissolved oxygen measurements indicated that bulk mixing was complete with each of the three impeller sizes tested (D/T = 0.28, 0.33, and 0.43), but that the respiration rate was again limited, mainly by a resistance between the bulk of the liquid and the cell.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 39
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 117-134 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A system of automatic control of substrate inflow into an aerated culture of microorganisms which depend on oxygen-absorption rate (OAR) has been devised and tested. As the control variable, dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC), which shows the equilibrium between OAR and oxygen-uptake rate in the microbial culture, was chosen. If the equilibrium is disturbed by changes in OAR, then the oxygen-uptake rate is changed by substrate limitation. The DOC is measured by means of a Clark-type polarographic electrode, and the signal is used to actuate the substrate inflow valve or pump. The oxygen-uptake rate changes of microorganisms, after the addition or exhaustion of substrate in the medium, are so rapid that they can be used for this type of control.Fundamental equations were derived and graphical solutions for the control system parameters were suggested for the steady-state relations between DOC, oxygen-uptake rate, specific growth rate, substrate concentration, KLa, and concentration of microorganisms. The system is stable in the entire range of the uptake rates up to nearly the maximum attainable in unlimited substrate conditions, and can be operated in batch feed or continuous flow modifications. It was experimentally tested with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The complete utilization of aeration-system capacity of the fermentor was achieved with high yeast yield and no alcohol formation. The quality of the product was excellent.
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  • 40
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 135-151 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Foam separation of microorganisms has been investigated with varying success by many workers, usually at high rates of gas flow. Microflotation was developed to overcome some of the disadvantages inherent in these high gas-flow-rate processes and is introduced in this paper as a new technique for the foam separation of microorganisms at low gas-flow rates. With microflotation, a stable surface phase is produced by adding an insoluble collector such as a long-chain fatty acid or amine. The formation of an insoluble surface phase eliminates the need for high foaming. Low rates of gas flow are used resulting in a more efficient separation and a less voluminous and drier surface phase upon which to collect the microorganisms. The efficiency of this technique is also improved by using flotation aids such as frothers and flocculents. Frothers are used to improve the collector properties of the surfactant and to refine further the small bubbles produced by a very fine sparger. Small concentrations of flocculents, such as alum, are used to partially agglomerate the organisms and provide sites for adsorption of collector. The work described in this paper is preliminary in nature, designed to illustrate that a low flow-rate process may be used to separate microorganisms and to stimulate further research. The applications discussed are removal of the bacterium, Escherichia coli, and alum, and two species of algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella ellipsoidea, using stearylamine without alum. The frother used was ethanol.
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  • 41
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 189-191 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 42
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966) 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 43
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 321-321 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 44
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 25-42 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects on mass-transfer and overall mixing rates of varying impeller geometry and operating speed have been studied for flat-bladed turbines in laboratory fermentors, in aerated aqueous solutions, and in unaerated and aerated suspensions (1.6% w/v) of paper pulp. In the absence of suspended solid, oxygen absorption rates could be correlated directly with power input. In the pulp suspension, oxygen absorption at a given power input was influenced by impeller geometry and operating speed. The data for the three-phase system can be correlated by a dimensionless equation relating oxygen-transfer rates and mixing times to the geometrical and operating parameters of the impellers.
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  • 45
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 85-96 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previously, the degree of mixing was not felt to be an important consideration in fermentor design. In this study on the continuous propagation of Baker's yeast, it was found that at low dilution rates, i.e., 0.02hr-1, the degree of mixing achieved does effect the cell yield. At low dilution rates, appreciable quantities of sugar can be utilized for endogenous respiration in comparison to that utilized for making cell mass. Poor distribution of the sugar aggravates the balance of sugar utilized for each process. Yields at these low dilution rates can be improved to a limited extent by using a multiple feed-distribution system and better mixing.
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  • 46
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 631-632 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 47
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 217-235 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A brief review of the development of our knowledge about hydrogen bacteria is presented, with emphasis on the characteristics and physiological differences of various Hydrogenomonas species. One species, Hydrogenomonas eutropha, is discussed in greater detail. Nutritional requirements, physical factors affecting growth, and equipment used for culturing 100-ml. shake cultures and 15-1.mass cultures of H. eutropha are described. Cell-free extracts of H. eutropha carry out the oxyhydrogen reaction as demonstrated by the alternate reduction and oxidation of endogenous flavins and cytochromes by molecular hydrogen and oxygen, respectively. Spectra of cell-free extracts of this organism show the presence of cytochromes of the c and b1 types. A cytochrome of the o type was also found, but none of the a cytochromes were detected. The sum of a series of enzymatic reactions shown to be catalyzed by these extracts can account for the oxidation of hydrogen by oxygen.
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  • 48
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 275-286 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Our program on the mass cultivation of basidiomycetes was designed to determine whether these organisms, being more highly differentiated than bacteria, molds, and yeasts, would in turn carry out markedly different reactions on natural products. A discussion of our methods of isolating and characterizing a representative collection of basidiomycetes and of our difficulties in obtaining pure cultures which grew well is presented. Some information we obtained on the growth and types of products that these organisms produced in a synthetic medium is discussed. Our techniques for examining fermentation beers for transformation products from indole compounds and from progesterone are explained, and the types of products we obtained are described.
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  • 49
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 318-320 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 50
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 337-352 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Oxygen uptake of Penicillium chrysogenum hyphae growing in automatically aerated deep cultures was the subject of local and periodical change. The change depended on the concentration of carbon dioxide which accumulated in the gas phase of system during the evolution of foam bubbles, and which was suddenly liberated when the foam was destroyed. The actual concentration of sunflower oil added as an antifoaming agent also influenced the oxygen uptake of culture.
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  • 51
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 405-431 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 52
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 456-460 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 53
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 465-471 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The addition of as little as 2 ppb of manganese to ferrocyanide-treated beet molasses during citric acid fermentation by Aspergillus niger NRC A-1-233 caused a 10% reduction in acid yield and undesirable change in the morphology of the organism from the normal pelletlike form to the filamentous from. Still smaller additions (0.4-2ppb) caused undesirable pellet clumping, while greater additions (2-100 ppb) gave further decreases in yield. The yield obtained at 100 ppb was less than 25% of that obtained at 1 ppb or less. None of the other metals tested (Al3+, Ca2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) visibly changed pellet morphology, and only Al3+, Fe2+, and Zn2+ at relatively higher concentrations (5-25ppm) reduced acid yield. The adverse effect of manganese on growth and acid production was not affected by addition of the other metals.
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  • 54
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 353-369 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 55
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 567-580 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mixed yeast culture (Culture 4) was grown on representative gas oil samples as well as paraffin wax. Culture 4 was found to utilize n-paraffinic hydrocarbons almost quantitatively from most gas oil fractions; significant alteration of other hydrocarbon components was not detected. Generation times of 4.0-9.0hr. were typical during the exponential growth phase in fermentations with various gas oil fractions. Cell yields were 70-90% based on n-paraffin utilization. The culture appeared to exhibit maximum efficiency of n-alkane removal in the C19 to C24 range. The cells recovered from the fermentations contained 8.8-9.3% nitrogen. Paraffin wax also served as a suitable carbon source when dissolved in 2,6,10,14-tertramethylpentadecane (pristane). However, substrate utilization appeared to be incomplete.
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  • 56
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 625-629 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 57
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 343 (1966), S. 87-91 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The reaction of acetyl chloride with Ni2+-ions in acetic acid as the solvent gives good yields of the yellow-brown acetic acid hemisolvate of nickel chloride. It is stable when protected against moisture and is desolvated only on heating to about 190°C. In the presence of moisture it is transformed to nickel chloride dihydrate.In a similar reaction light-brown acetic acid hemisolvate of nickel bromide is formed, which is stable only in presence of acetic acid.With acetyl iodide no other compound can be obtained than anhydrous nickel iodide.
    Notes: Die Einwirkung von Acetylchlorid auf Ni(II)-Ionen in wasserfreier Essigsäure führt in guter Ausbeute zum gelbbraunen Nickel(II)-chlorid-Essigsäurehemisolvat. Dieses ist unter Feuchtigkeitsausschluß stabil und wird erst beim Erhitzen auf etwa 190°C desolvatisiert. In Gegenwart von Luftfeuchtigkeit geht es in Nickel(II)-chlorid-dihydrat über.In analoger Umsetzung entsteht ein hellbraunes Nickel(II)-bromid-Essigsäurehemisolvat, welches nur in Gegenwart von Essigsäure stabil ist.Mit Acetyljodid resultiert nur solvatfreies Nickel(II)-jodid.
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  • 58
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 343 (1966) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 59
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: By means of munitual precipitation of sodium aluminate and Al salt solutions, aluminium hydroxide specimens were prepared and characterised in dependence of precipitation pH, temperature and the nature of the anions.
    Notes: Durch gegenseitige Fällung von Natriumaluminat- und Aluminiumsalzlösungen wurden Aluminiumhydroxide hergestellt und ihre Struktur als Funktion vom pH-Wert, Temperatur und Natur des Anions gemessen.
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  • 60
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 343 (1966), S. 165-173 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The solubilities of CaO, SrO and BaO in NaCl, KCl and (Na, K)Cl melts in the temperature range from the chloride meltings points up to 900°C have been determined. The experimental stoichiometric solubility constants are compared with estimated thermodynamical solubility constants.
    Notes: Es wurde die Löslichkeit von CaO, SrO und BaO in NaCl-, KCl- und (Na, K) Cl-Schmelzen im Temperaturbereich vom Schmelzpunkt der Salze bis 900°C bestimmt. Die experimentell ermittelten Löslichkeitsprodukte werden den berechneten thermodynamischen Löslichkeitskonstanten gegenübergestellt und die Abweichungen diskutiert.
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  • 61
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 343 (1966), S. 181-195 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: According to the equations shown in “Inhaltsübersicht”, the crystalline brown iodinetetrakis(trifluorophosphine) cobalt, JCo(PF3)4, has been prepared, being very volatile, sensitive to air, soluble without decomposition only in non-polar solvents, and decomposing above 7°C into PF3 and, probably, amorphous cobalt(I) iodide.From JCo(PF3)4 further trifluorophosphine complexes of cobalt can be obtained, e. g the more stable JCo(PF3)2(P(C6H5)3)2 and the salt K[Co(PF3)4]. The latter yields with acids the volatile hydride HCo(PF3)4, from which the crystalline, colourless hydride HCo(PF3)3 P(C6H5)3 (its K salt and deuterium analogue too) was prepared.The bonding in these complexes has been studied by means of IR and PMR spectroscopy. P—F valence frequencies shown by compounds of three isoelectronic series of Co and Ni complexes agree well with the previously recognized increase in the electron acceptor strength in the order P(C6H5)3 〈 CO 〈 PF3. The complexes YCo(PF3)3 P(C6H5)3 with Y = H, D are shown to have a trigonal-bipyramidal structure with Y and P(C6H5)3 being in trans-position on the threefold axis; the Co—H and Co—D stretching vibrations are found 1944 and 1400 cm-1, respectively.
    Notes: Ein Gemenge von wasserfreiem Kobalt(II)-jodid und Kupferpulver bildet bereits bei niedrigen PF3-Drucken das kristalline, braune Jod-tetrakis(trifluorphosphin)-kobalt, das auch durch Jodierung von Tetrakis(trifluorphosphin)-kobalthydrid mit Jodoform zugänglich ist: Die sehr flüchtige, luftempfindliche Verbindung ist ein nur in unpolaren Solvenzien unzersetzt löslicher Nichtelektrolyt, der ab 7° unter völliger PF3-Entbindung in eine instabile, hellbraune und röntgenamorphe Substanz zerfällt, bei der es sich offensichtlich um das noch unbekannte Kobalt(I)-jodid handelt.JCo(PF3)4 ist eine wichtige Ausgangssubstanz zur Darstellung weiterer Trifluorphosphinkomplexe des Kobalts. Mit Triphenylphosphin liefert es das thermisch und chemisch weitaus beständigere Disubstitutionsprodukt JCo(PF3)2(P(C6H5)3)2; die Reduktion mit Kaliumamalgam führt zum luftstabilen Salz K[Co(PF3)4], aus dem Säuren das flüchtige Hydrid HCo(PF3)4 in Freiheit setzen. Letzteres läßt sich erst bei 135° mit Triphenylphosphin substituieren; das farblose kristalline Hydrid HCo(PF3)3P(C6H5)3 kann über das Salz K[Co(PF3)3P(C6H5)3] in das Deuterid übergeführt werden.Die Bindungsverhältnisse werden an Hand der IR- und PMR-Spektren diskutiert. Die P—F-Valenzfrequenzen der Vertreter der drei isoelektronischen Reihen [Co(PF3)3L]⊖, HCo(PF3)3L und Ni(PF3)3L (L = PF3, CO und P(C6H5)3) bekräftigen erneut die Zunahme der Elektronen-Akzeptorstärke in Richtung P(C6H5)3 〈 CO 〈 PF3. Für die Komplexe YCo(PF3)3P(C6H5)3 (Y = H, D) wird eine trigonal-bipyramidale Struktur mit trans-Stellung von Y und P(C6H5)3 auf der dreizähligen Achse sichergestellt; die Co—H- bzw. Co—D-Valenzschwingungen liegen bei 1944 und 1400 cm-1.
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  • 62
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 343 (1966), S. 220-224 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurden die Trichloroacetate der Lanthaniden dargestellt (allgem. Formel: MIII(CCl3COO)3 · H2O). Bei ihrer thermischen Zersetzung wird sowohl an der Luft als auch in N2-Atmosphäre primär das jeweilige wasserfreie Chlorid gebildet. Während dieses unter Stickstoff stabil ist, entsteht an der Luft bei weiterem Erhitzen zunächst das Oxidchlorid MOCl und dann das Oxid.
    Notes: Trichloroacetates of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and Y were prepared and their composition determined. Decomposition of these compounds was studied by thermogravimetry in air and in nitrogen atmosphere followed by chemical analysis. In all cases the anhydrous chloride is first formed. This remains stable in nitrogen, while in air the oxychloride and subsequently the oxide are formed at higher temperatures.
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  • 63
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 343 (1966), S. 286-293 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The enthalpy of decomposition of CaC2 (94-98% purity) in 0.5 N HCl at 18°C and the enthalpy of solution of calcium (99,6%) have been found to be -60.3 ± 0.2 and -128.7 ± 0.2 kcal/mole, respectively. Using ROSSINI's value for the C2H2 enthalpy of formation, the enthalpy of formation of CaC2 is estimated to be -14.2 ± 0.4 kcal/mole.
    Notes: Mittels eines empfindlichen anisothermen Flüssigkeitscalorimeters wurde bei 18°C in 0,5 n HCl die Zersetzungswärme 94 bis 98proz. Calciumcarbids zu -60,3 ± 0,2 kcal/Mol und die Lösungswärme 99,6proz. Calciums zu -128,7 ± 0,2 kcal/Mol bestimmt. Unter Verwendung der von ROSSINI ermittelten Bildungsenthalpie des Acetylens errechnet sich für die Bildungsenthalpie des Calciumcarbids ein Wert von -14,2 ± 0,4 kcal/Mol.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 64
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 342 (1966), S. 270-276 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The formation of calcium nitride chloride, Ca2NCl, during the technical electrolysis of CaCl2 and under the conditions of the technical calcium-distillation is discussed. Some properties of Ca2NCl are described; especially some questions of the colouration are investigated.
    Notes: Die Möglichkeiten der Bildung von Calciumnitridchlorid im Verlaufe der elektrolytischen Calciumgewinnung sowie während der Destillation des Rohcalciums werden diskutiert. Ferner werden einige Eigenschaften der Verbindung beschrieben; insbesondere wird auf Fragen der Färbung eingegangen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 65
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 342 (1966), S. 297-306 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The RAMAN spectrum and the IR spectrum in the range 500-4000 cm-1 of liquid 1,8,10,9-triazaboradecaline were recorded. Major frequencies were assigned by comparing the data with the IR spectra of the corresponding N-dideuterated and 10B-labeled derivatives and by taking into consideration the expected vibrational spectrum of the compound. In accordance with the PMR spectrum, the structure of 1,8,10,9-triazaboradecaline as a bicyclic B-N-C system was confirmed; the bonding situation is discussed briefly.
    Notes: Vom 1,8,10,9-Triazaboradekalin wurde im flüssigen Zustand das RAMAN-Spektrum und das IR-Spektrum von 500-4000 cm-1 aufgenommen. Durch Vergleich mit den IR-Spektren der entsprechenden N-dideuterierten und 10B-markierten Verbindung und Berücksichtigung des Erwartungsspektrums wird eine Zuordnung zu den Grundschwingungen durchgeführt. In Übereinstimmung mit dem 1H-Kernresonanzspektrum wird die Struktur der Verbindung als bicyclisches Bor-Stickstoff-Kohlenstoff-System bestätigt. Die Bindungsverhältnisse werden kurz diskutiert.
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  • 66
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 343 (1966), S. 11-24 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Carbondiselenide, CSe2, has been prepared in 55% yield by interaction between H2CCl2 and liquid selenium at 600°C. Several physical constants and their temperature dependence have been determined (see “Inhaltsübersicht”).
    Notes: Das Kohlenstoffdiselenid wurde durch Umsetzen von Dichlormethan mit geschmolzenem Selen bei 600°C in 55proz. Ausbeute hergestellt und näher charakterisiert. Einige physikalische Konstanten wurden über einen Temperaturbereich von -40° bis +95°C bestimmt und die Temperaturfunktionen abgeleitet. Standardwerte: Schmelzpunkt -43,68 ± 0,05°C; Siedepunkt (760 Torr) + 125,0 ± 0,5°C; Dichte d25 = 2,6532 ± 0,0005 g/ml; Molvolumen VM25 = 64,03 ± 0,01 ml/Mol; Thermische Ausdehnungskoeffizienten α25 = 8,812 · 10-4 Grad-1 und α′25 = 8,621 · 10-4. Grad-1; Viskosität η25 = 1,084 ± 0,003 cP; Oberflächenspannung σ25 = 37,22 ± 0,2 dyn/cm; Eötvössche Konstante kσ = 1,32; Parachor P25 = 158; Brechungsindex nD25 = 1,801 ± 0,001; Molrefraktion RD25 = 27,40 ml/Mol; kritische Temperatur Tkrit = 339 ± 60°C; kritischer Druck Pkrit = 69 ± 10 atm; kritisches Volumen Vkrit = 200 ± 20 ml/Mol; VAN DER WAALssche Konstanten a = 11,3 ± 2 l2 · atm/Mol2 und b = 67 ± 7 ml/Mol.Die UV- und IR-Spektren werden mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 67
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 343 (1966), S. 55-57 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Recalculations of the standard enthalpy of formation of SeO2. The enthalpies of transformation of the Se-modifications are given.
    Notes: Neuberechnung der Standardbildungsenthalpie von SeO2 und der Umwandlungswärmen der Selen-Modifikationen aus früher bestimmten Verbrennungswärmen2(.
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  • 68
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 343 (1966), S. 121-130 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The catalytical decomposition of formic acid vapour on Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn phthalocyanine has been investigated varying the preparation conditions and using different modifications of the catalysts. There is no specific influence of the central metal atom on the decomposition. Similar results had been found in the case of the activation energy of conductivity.
    Notes: Der Zerfall von Ameisensäuredampf an Fe-, Co-, Ni-, Cu- und Zn-Phthalocyanin wird untersucht unter Variation der Herstellungsbedingungen und der Modifikation. Die Beeinflussung der Reaktion durch einen Wechsel des zentralen Metallatoms ist unwesentlich und somit ähnlich der Tatsache, daß auch die Aktivierungsenergie der Dunkelleitfähigkeit nur geringfügig durch einen Wechsel des zentralen Metallatoms beeinflußt wird.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 69
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 343 (1966), S. 274-285 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: [Ni(HN2S2)2] reacts with phenyl isocyanate, C6H5NCO, forming the very stable complex [NiC7H7ON5S4] in which, according to x-ray structure analysis, the organic group is substituted for one H atom of [Ni(HN2S2)2]. The two S2N2 groups, contrary to those of the dimethyl derivative, were found to be in cis-position.
    Notes: [Ni(HN2S2)2] reagiert mit C6H5NCO, Phenylisocyanat, unter Bildung einer sehr beständigen Verbindung der Zusammensetzung [NiC7H7ON5S4]. Die Struktur dieses Komplexes wurde röntgenographisch bestimmt: Ein Wasserstoffatom im [Ni(HN2S2)2] ist durch den organischen Rest substituiert. Die beiden S2N2-Chelatgruppen stehen im Gegensatz zum früher untersuchten Dimethylderivat in cis-Stellung.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 70
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 343 (1966), S. 315-322 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The crystal structure of PbN2S2 · NH3 has been refined. In addition to the S2N2 chelate group, the NH3 molecule is bound to the central Pb atom, too. Pb and its three ligand atoms form a distorted trigonal pyramid.
    Notes: Die Struktur der Verbindung PbN2S2 · NH3 wurde verfeinert. Die Position der Ammoniakmolekel, die früher nicht gefunden wurde, konnte bestimmt werden. Am Blei ist außer der S2N2-Chelatgruppe auch NH3 gebunden. Blei bildet mit den 3 Liganden eine verzerrte trigonale Pyramide.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 71
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 344 (1966), S. 10-17 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Formation, thermal and hydrolytical decomposition of the dimethylester of disulphuric acid and of the hitherto unknown methylester of methanedisulphonic acid are discussed. For both these esters a molecular constitution resembling the well-known one of the disulphuryl halides is shown to exist.
    Notes: Bildung, thermischer und hydrolytischer Zerfall des Pyroschwefelsäuredimethylesters und des bisher unbekannten Methanpyrosulfonsäuremethylesters werden diskutiert. Für beide Substanzen wird die symmetrische Molekülkonstitution entsprechend den bekannten Pyrosulfurylhalogeniden abgeleitet.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 72
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 342 (1966) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 73
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 342 (1966), S. 25-31 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: By reaction of solutions of metal(II)-selenates with freshly precipitated HgO the following adducts are formed: CuSeO4 · 1,5 HgO · H2O; CuSeO4 · 2 HgO, CdSeO4 · HgO · H2O; CdSeO4 · 1,5 HgO · H2O; CdSeO4 · 2 HgO; CoSeO4 · 2 HgO · H2O; NiSeO4 · HgO · H2O; NiSeO4 · 2 HgO · H2O; NiSeO4 · 2,5 HgO · H2O; MnSeO4 · HgO · H2O and MnSeO4 · 2 HgO. ZnSeO4 and HgO react only to mixtures of basic zincselenat and basic mercuryselenat.
    Notes: Durch Reaktion von Metall(II)-selenatlösungen mit frisch gefälltem HgO konnten folgende Addukte hergestellt werden: CuSeO4 · 1,5 HgO · H2O; CuSeO4 · 2 HgO; CdSeO4 · HgO · H2O; CdSeO4 · 1,5 HgO · H2O; CdSeO4 · 2 HgO; CoSeO4 · 2 HgO · H2O; NiSeO4 · HgO · H2O; NiSeO4 · 2 HgO · H2O; NiSeO4 · 2,5 HgO · H2O; MnSeO4 · HgO · H2O und MnSeO4 · 2 HgO. ZnSeO4 setzt sich mit HgO nur zu einem Gemisch aus basischem Zinkselenat und basischem Quecksilberselenat um.
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  • 74
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 344 (1966), S. 95-101 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The existence of the ternary compounds R3Ni6Si2 (R = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tu, Yb, Lu) with the superstructure of the Ca3Ag8 type has been established by means of X-ray diffraction analysis. The lattice constants are given. The atoms in the Ce3Ni6Si2 structure have the following positions (space group Im3m—Oh9): 12 (e) x 0 0 with x = 0.280, 24 Ni in 24 (h) 0 x x with x = 0.670, 8 Si in 8 (c) 1/4 1/4 1/4.
    Notes: Die Existenz der ternären Verbindungen R3Ni6Si2 (R = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tu, Yb, Lu) mit der Überstruktur des Ca3Ag8-Typs wurde röntgenographisch festgestellt. Die Gitterkonstanten sind in Tab. 2 zusammengefaßt. Die Atome in der Ce3Ni5Si2-Struktur besetzen folgende Lagen (Raumgruppe Im3m—Oh9): 12 Ce in 12 (e) x 0 0 mit x = 0,280, 24 Ni in 24 (h) 0 x x mit x = 0,670, 8 Si in 8 (c) 1/4 1/4 1/4.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 75
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Formamidium hexachloroantimonate(V), formimidiumalkylate hexachloroantimonates(V) and the fully and partially deuterated derivatives of this salts were prepared by reaction of formimidiumchloride hexachloroantimonate(V) (I) or its fully deuterated dervative with water, deuteriumoxide, alcohols and O-d1-alcohols. The infrared spectra of the endproducts of the above mentioned reactions were taken and discussed with regard to the linkage with in the cations. In the same manner imidium-carbonic acid-dialkylate hexachloroantimonates(V) were prepared by reaction of chlorformimidiumchloride hexa-chloroantimonate(V) (VIII) with alcohols and the infrared spectra assigned in the NaCl range.
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung des Formimidiumchlorid-hexachloroantimonats(V) (I) und seines volldeuterierten Derivats mit Wasser, Deuteriumoxid, Alkoholen und O-d1-Alkoholen wurden das Formamidium-hexachloroantimonat(V), Formimidiumalkylester-hexachloro-antimonate(V) sowie voll- und teildeuterierte Derivate dieser Salze erhalten, deren IR-Spektren zugeordnet und hinsichtlich der Bindungsverhältnisse in den Kationen diskutiert wurden. In Analogie hierzu lieferte die Umsetzung des Chlorformimidiumchlorid-hexachloroantimonats(V) (VII) mit Alkoholen Imidiumkohlensäure-dialkylester-hexa-chloroantimonate (V), deren IR-Spektren im NaCl-Bereich ebenfalls zugeordnet wurden.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 76
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 342 (1966), S. 113-120 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Si2C7H16 (I) which is isolated from the products of the pyrolysis of SiMe4 is shown to be 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-1,3-disilacyclopentene. This result is based on n. m. r. investigations and the reactions of (I) and HBr and Br2.
    Notes: Das aus den Pyrolyseprodukten des Si(CH3)4 isolierte Si2C7H16 wird auf Grund von Umsetzungen mit HBr und Br2 in Verbindung mit NMR-Untersuchungen als 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyl-1,3-Disilacyclopenten identifiziert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 77
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 342 (1966), S. 130-145 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. By pyrolysis of SiMe4 high boiling silicon compounds are formed which cannot be separated unchanged by distillation. A column chromatographic separation on Al2O3 with benzene and benzene/methanol is described for these compounds. Three groups of substances (A, B, C) are eluated. A can be further separated on an Al2O3 column with pentane and C with benzene/methanol mixtures.2. B contains strongly fluorescent substances which can be characterised (Rf-values) and separated by paper chromatography. These compounds show characteristic absorption and fluorescence bands. This allows a check of the purity of the substances which are separated by paper chromatography.3. Chromatographic investigations have shown that the thermal treatment (i. e. distillation) influences the composition of the pyrolysis mixtures. Above 280°C the proportions of A to B to C are shifted in favour of C. Silicon compounds of higher molecular weight and, finally, compounds which are insoluble in benzene are formed.
    Notes: 1. Für die bei der Pyrolyse des Si(CH3)4 entstehenden und nicht unverändert destillierbaren Siliciumverbindungen wird eine säulenchromatographische Auftrennung an Al2O3 mit Benzol und Benzol-Methanol angegeben, bei der drei Substanzgruppen (A, B, C) zu eluieren sind. A läßt sich an der Al2O3-Säule mit Pentan, C mit Benzol-Methanol-Gemischen weiter auftrennen.2. B enthält stark fluoreszierende Substanzen, die sich papierchromatographisch erfassen (RF-Werte) und abtrennen lassen. Sie besitzen charakteristische Absorptions- und Fluoreszenzspektren, die eine Reinheitskontrolle der papierchromatographisch abgetrennten Substanzen ermöglichen.3. Nach der chromatographischen Untersuchung beeinflußt eine thermische Behandlung (z. B. Destillation) die Zusammensetzung des Pyrolysegemisches. Oberhalb 280°C verschieben sich die Mengenverhältnisse von A:B:C zugunsten von C und es bilden sich noch höhere und schließlich benzolunlösliche Siliciumverbindungen.
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  • 78
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 342 (1966), S. 177-181 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Homogeneous mixed crystals between K2OsBr6 and K2SnCl6 have been prepared in any composition ratio by precipitation from concentrated solutions with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The mixed crystals are free from mixed hexa(chlorobromo)-osmate and -stannate ions. The lattice constants are larger than predicted by VEGARD's law.
    Notes: Durch Fällung konzentrierter Lösungen von K2OsBr6 und K2SnCl6 mit konzentrierter Salzsäure wurden homogene Mischkristalle in allen beliebigen Mischungsverhältnissen erhalten. Die Mischkristalle sind frei von gemischten Hexa(chlorobromo)-osmaten und -stannaten. Die Gitterkonstanten liegen über den nach der VEGARDschen Regel zu erwartenden Werten.
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  • 79
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 342 (1966) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 80
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 344 (1966), S. 292-305 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Dinitrosyliron halides react with tetraphenyldiphosphine yielding the compounds (ON)2Fe(R2PPR2)2, [(ON)2FeR2EER2]n, and the dinuclear phosphido- and arsenido-bridged complexes [X(ON)2FeER2]2 and [(ON)2FeER2]2 (R = C6H5; E = P, As; X = halide). The reaction of the diphosphine and the diarsine with dinitrosylcobalt halides in solution results in dimeric complexes X(ON)2CoR2EER2Co(NO)2X. By reduction of dinitrosycobalt chloride with sodium amalgam in the presence of tetraphenyldiphosphine a complex [R2P(ON)CoPR2]n is obtained. The reaction of tetrameric nitrosylnickel halides with tetraphenyldiphosphine leads to the dimeric, halogen-bridged coumpounds [R2PPR2(ON)NiX]2; tetraphenyldiarsine in contrast yielded dinuclear arsenido-bridged complexes of the type [X(ON)NiAsR2]2.
    Notes: Die Dinitrosyleisenhalogenide bilden mit Tetraphenyldiphosphin bzw. Tetraphenyldiarsin unter verschiedenen Bedingungen halogenfreie Verbindungen (ON)2Fe(R2PPR2)2, [(ON)2FeR2PPR2]n, [(ON)2FeER2]2 und halogenhaltige, diamagnetische Komplexe [Halg(ON)2FeER2]2 (R = C6H5, E = P, As). Die Dinitrosylkobalthalogenide liefern zweikernige Komplexe vom Typ Halg(ON)2CoR2EER2(NO)2Halg. Reduziert man Kobaltnitrosylhalogenid mit Natriumamalgam in Gegenwart von Tetraphenyldiphosphin, so erhält man den mehrkernigen Komplex [R2P(ON)(CoPR2)n]. Die tetrameren Nickelnitrosylhalogenide bilden mit dem Diphosphin die dimeren Verbindungen [R2PPR2(ON)NiHalg]2 mit Halogenbrücken, mit R2AsAsR2 dagegen Komplexe mit m̈-Arsenidobrücken [Halg(ON)NiAsR2]2. Komplex gebundenes Tetraphenyldiphosphin kann durch äthanol an der P—P-Bindung gespalten werden, wobei die Verbindungen (ON)2Fe(R2POC2H5)2 und Halg(ON)Ni(HPR2)(R2POC2H5) entstehen.
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  • 81
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 344 (1966), S. 329-336 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The infrared spectrum of 1,3,2-diazaboracyclohexane has been recorded and major absorptions were assigned. The nature of the chemical bonding in 1,3,2-diazaboracycloalkanes is discussed on the basis of spectroscopic data.
    Notes: Das Infrarot-Spektrum von 1,3,2-Diazaboracyclohexan wurde aufgenommen und die Hauptbanden zugeordnet. Die Auswertung spektroskopischer Daten von 1,3,2-Diazaboracycloalkanen erlaubt eine Diskussion der Bindungsverhältnisse der BNC-Heterocyclen.
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  • 82
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Several molten media are shown to be suitable as solvents for the crystal growth of InAs and, probably, other III-V-compounds. Some molten metals and compounds containing the corresponding group V element appear to be the best solvents for III-V compounds.Two liquid phases are formed, one being the crystallisation medium, by interaction of InAs with some metal halides. InAs crystals have been grown from Cd, Cd3As2, CdAs2 and, as single crystals, from CdI2.
    Notes: Es wurde die Möglichkeit gezeigt, eine Reihe geschmolzener Medien als Lösungsmittel für die Kristallisation des Indiumarsenids und anscheinend auch anderer III-V-Verbindungen anzuwenden.Die chemische Wechselwirkung von Indiumarsenid mit einigen Schwermetallhalogeniden unter Bildung von zwei flüssigen Schichten, deren eine das Kristallisationsmedium von Indiumarsenid ist, wurde nachgewiesen.Die III-V-Verbindungen lösen sich anscheinend am leichtesten in Schmelzflüssen einiger Metalle und Verbindungen, welche das entsprechende Element der Gruppe V enthalten.Es wurden Indiumarsenidkristalle aus CdJ2, Cd, Cd3As2 und CdAs2 gewonnen. Einige Kristalle, die aus Cadmiumjodid gezüchtet wurden, sind monokristallin.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 83
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 345 (1966), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The strong nucleophilic anion SiH3⊖ in silylpotassium, SiH3K, substitutes for chlorine in chloroboranes as ClBH2 · N(C2H5)3, ClB[N(CH3)2]2, ClB[N(C2H5)2]2 and ClB(n-C4H9)N(CH3)2, forming the respective silyl-derivatives. The silylcompounds containing BN bonds, H3SiBH2 · N(C2H5)3, H3SiB[N(CH3)2]2, H3SiB[N(C2H5)2]2 and H3SiN(n-C4H9)N(CH3)2 are stable because of partial π-bonding in the BN bond. The silylcompounds are colourless, destillable liquids decomposing slowly at room temperature. Chloroboranes with no BN bond such as ClBH2, ClB(n-C4H9)2 and such with several BCl bonds as Cl2BN(CH3)2 and BCl3 react with the silylanion giving unstable intermediates which mostly eliminate SiH2 and form the corresponding hydrides.
    Notes: Das stark nucleophile Anion SiH3⊖ im Silylkalium substituiert Chlor in Chlorboranen ClBH2 · N(C2H5)3, ClB[N(CH3)2]2, ClB[N(C2H5)2]2 und ClB(n-C4H9)N(CH3)2 unter Bildung entsprechender Silylderivate. Die Silylverbindungen mit BN-Bindungen H3SiBH2 · N(C2H5)3, H3SiB[N(CH3)2]2, H3SiB[N(C2H5)2]2 und H3SiB(n-C4H9)N(CH3)2 sind wegen des π-Bindungsanteils in der BN-Bindung stabil. Die farblosen, flüssigen, destillierbaren, hydrolyse- und oxydationsempfindlichen Silylderivate zersetzen sich bei Raumtemperatur nur langsam. Chlorborane ohne BN-Bindungen ClBH2, ClB(n-C4H9)2 und mehrere BCl-Bindungen enthaltende Borane Cl2BN(CH3)2, BCl3 bilden nur instabile, silylierte Zwischenstufen, die meist unter SiH2-Eliminierung entsprechende Hydride liefern.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 84
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 343 (1966), S. 109-112 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurden Komplexe des Eisen(III)-phthalimides der allgemeinen Formel Fe(phthalimid-H)3(Amin)3 mit Ammoniak und verschiedenen prim. und sek. aliphatischen Aminen dargestellt. Leitfähigkeits- und Molekulargewichtsmessungen mit Nitrobenzol als Lösungsmittel ergaben, daß die Komplexe als Nichtelektrolyte aufzufassen sind und somit koordinativ gebundene Phthalimidionen enthalten.
    Notes: Co-ordination complexes of iron(III) phthalimide with ammonia and some aliphatic amines such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, dimethyl, diethyl amine etc. have been prepared. The general molecular formula is Fe(phthalimide)3 (amine)3. Conductivity measurements in nitrobenzene indicate the complexes to be non-electrolytes and hence it is suggested that phthalimide ions are also co-ordinated. Molecular weight measurements in the same solvent confirm this.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 85
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 343 (1966), S. 150-153 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The preparation of [(C2H5)4N][CH3SiF4] is described.There are indications for the transient formation of a diphenyltetrafluorosilicate.
    Notes: Es gelang die Darstellung von [(C2H5)4N][CH3SiF4]. Für die vorübergehende Bildung eines bisher nicht isolierten Diphenyltetrafluorosilicates liegen Anzeichen vor.
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  • 86
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 343 (1966), S. 174-180 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The titanates of the rare earth metals (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu) were prepared by heating of Ln2O3 and Ti2O3 in silica capsulas in vacuo at 1150°C. They have a distorted perovskite lattice. Europium titanate and europium zirconate are cubic with \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm a = 7.810} \pm {\rm 0.002}\,\rm{\AA}\quad{\rm and}\quad{\rm 4.099} \pm {\rm 0.002}\,{\AA}{\rm .} $$\end{document} respectively Europium zirconate is isomorphic with the analogous strontium compound.
    Notes: Die Titanate der Seltenen Erden (SE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd) wurden durch Erhitzen von SE2O3 und Ti2O3 in evakuierten Quarzampullen bei 1150°C dargestellt. Sie kristallisieren in einem orthorhombisch verzerrten Perowskitgitter. Europiumtitanat und Europiumzirkonat kristallisieren kubisch mit Gitterkonstanten von \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm a = 7,810} \pm {\rm 0,002}\,\rm{\AA}\quad{\rm bzw}{\rm .}\quad{\rm 4,099} \pm {\rm 0,002}\,{\AA}{\rm .} $$\end{document} Europiumzirkonat ist der entsprechenden Strontiumverbindung isomorph.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 87
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 343 (1966), S. 211-214 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Die colorimetrische Untersuchung (Methode nach JOB) der wäßrigen Lösungen von (in fester Form nicht isolierbaren) Thallium(III)-azido(chloro)-Komplexen zeigt, daß drei stabile Komplexe vorliegen: [Tl(N3)6]3-, [Tl(N3)4]3- und [Tl(N32Cl4)3-]. Sie sind hellgelb, bei pH = 4,0-4,4 stabil und nicht durch Äthylacetat, Äther, Benzol oder CCl4 extrahierbar.
    Notes: Azido complexes of Tl(III) have been investigated colorimetrically. The results show the presence of three stable species in solution having the structures [Tl(N3)6]3-, [Tl(N3)4Cl2]3- and [Tl(N3)2Cl4]3-. The complexes posses bright yellow colour in aqueous solution, are stable between a pH range 4.0-4.4 and are inextractable by organic solvents such as ethylacetate, ether, benzene, or carbon tetrachloride. Attempts to isolate these in the crystalline state resulted in their hydrolysis.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 88
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 343 (1966), S. 225-231 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The dark-brown compound Hg2SbBr2 has been prepared by condensing at about 100°C the products of the pyrolytic decomposition of HgSbBr. Crystallographic data: mono-clinic, a = 8.899, b = 9.911, c = 13.995 Å; β = 92.92° Z = 8. The compound is probably isotype with Hg2PCl2, Hg2AsCl2 and Hg2AsBr2. It decomposes above 115°C yielding HgSbBr and Hg2Br2.
    Notes: Bei der thermischen Zersetzung von HgSbBr bei etwa 200°C wurde durch fraktionierte Kondensation neben Quecksilber und Hg2Br2 die braunschwarze Verbindung Hg2SbBr2 erhalten, wenn die Kondensationstemperatur ungefähr 100°C betrug. Hg2SbBr2, das monoklin mit den Gitterkonstanten \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm a = 8,89}_{\rm 9} \quad{\rm b = 9,91}_{\rm 1} \quad{\rm c = 13,99}_{\rm5} \,{\rm \AA};\quad\beta = 92,9_2 \circ $$\end{document} und 8 Formeleinheiten in der Elementarzelle kristallisiert, ist wahrscheinlich isotyp mit Hg2PCl2, Hg2AsCl2 und Hg2AsBr2. Es ist aber thermisch wesentlich instabiler und geht bereits ab 115°C in HgSbBr und Hg2Br2 über.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 89
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 343 (1966), S. 259-267 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: By heating finely powdered mixtures of CdCl2 and Cd3As2 (and As if necessary), three ternary compounds of cadmium have been prepared according to the equations 1.-3. mentioned above.The compounds are slowly attacked by cold diluted acids and bases; they are quickly decomposed by hot or concentrated acids and bases. The crystallographic data are: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{l} \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm Cd}_{\rm 2} {\rm AsCl}_{\rm 2} \,\,({\rm light red):}\,\,{\rm monoclinic,}\quad{\rm C}_{{\rm 2h}}^{\rm 5} {\!-\!-} {\rm P2}_{\rm 1} /{\rm c;}\quad{\rm a = 8}{\rm .18}_{\rm 7},\quad{\rm b = 9}{\rm .18}_{\rm 7},\quad{\rm c} = 13.59_4 \,\rm{\AA};} \\ {\beta = 91.3_4 \circ;\,{\rm Z = 8}{\rm .}} \\\end{array} \\ {\rm Cd}_{\rm 4} {\rm As}_{\rm 2} {\rm Cl}_{\rm 3} \,({\rm dark-red):}\,\,{\rm cubic,}\quad{\rm T}_{\rm h}^{\rm 6} {\!-\!-} {\rm Pa3}/{\rm;}\quad{\rm a = 12}{\rm .39}_{\rm 1},\,\rm{\AA};\,{\rm Z = 8}{\rm .} \\ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm Cd}_{\rm 3} {\rm AsCl}_{\rm 3} \,({\rm yellow):}\quad{\rm orthorhombic,}\,{\rm D}_{{\rm 2h}}^{{\rm 16}} {\!-\!-} {\rm Pnma\,\,or}\,{\rm C}_{{\rm 3v}}^{\rm 9} {\rm {\!-\!-} Pna2}_{\rm 1} {\rm;}\,{\rm a = 13}{\rm .13}_{\rm 9},\,{\rm b = 8}{\rm .09}_{\rm 7},\,} \\ {{\rm c} = 7,08_5 \,\rm{\AA};\,{\rm Z = 4}{\rm .}} \\\end{array} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document}The latter compound darkens in the daylight.
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung der nach den Bruttogleichungen stöchiometrisch eingewogenen, sehr fein gepulverten Ausgangssubstanzen wurden bei den angegebenen Temperaturen drei ternäre Cadmiumarsen-chloride dargestellt. Die gut kristallinen Verbindungen werden von kalten verdünnten Säuren und Laugen nur langsam angegriffen; in der Hitze und durch konzentrierte Säuren und Laugen werden sie schnell zersetzt.Cd2AsCl2 (hellrot) kristallisiert monoklin mit den Gitterkonstanten a = 8,187, b = 9,187, c = 13,594 Å; β = 91,34° mit 8 Formeleinheiten in der Elementarzelle, wahrscheinlich in der Raumgruppe C2h5—P21/c; es ist offensichtlich isotyp mit Hg2PCl2, Hg2AsCl2, Hg2AsBr2 und Hg2SbBr2.Cd4As2Cl3 (dunkelrot) kristallisiert wie die analog zusammengesetzten Verbindungen Cd4Sb2J3, Hg4As2Cl3, Hg4As2Br3, Hg4As2J3 und Hg4Sb2J3 kubisch mit a = 12,391 A und ebenfalls 8 Formeleinheiten je Zelle in der Raumgruppe Th6—Pa3.Cd3AsCl3 ist hellgelb und relativ lichtempfindlich. Für die Verbindung wurde eine rhombische Elementarzelle mit a = 13,139, b = 8,097, c = 7,085 Å gefunden, die 4 Formeleinheiten enthält. Als Raumgruppen kommen D2h16-Pnma oder C2v9—Pna21 in Frage.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 90
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 343 (1966), S. 299-307 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The two compounds mentioned in the title (“[DOH]2pn” and “[DOH]2en”, resp.) react with nickel salts forming the complex compounds Ni{(DOH)(DO)pn}X with X = ClO4, Br, J, SCN; and Ni{(DOH)(DO)en}Y with Y = ClO4, J, SCN. The two perchlorates are supposed to have a planarquadratic structure with ionically bound anions. The other anions, however, interact co-ordinatively with the complex cations, forming thus compounds with, probably, tetragonal-pyramidal configurations.
    Notes: Die in der Überschrift genannten Verbindungen (Abkürzung [DOH]2pn und [DOH]2en) bilden mit Nickelsalzen einwertiger Anionen Komplexe der allgemeinen Formeln Ni{(DOH)(DO)pn}X (X = ClO4, Br, J, SCN) und Ni{(DOH)(DO)en}Y (Y = ClO4, J, SCN). Für die beiden Perchlorate wird auf Grund physikalischer Untersuchungen eine planarquadratische Struktur mit ionischer Funktion des Anions vorgeschlagen. Bromid, Jodid und Rhodanid treten dagegen mit den komplexen Kationen [Ni{(DOH)(DO)pn}]+ bzw. [Ni{(DOH)(DO)en}]+ in koordinative Wechselwirkung. Dabei entstehen wahrscheinlich Verbindungen mit tetragonal-pyramidaler Struktur.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 91
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 344 (1966) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 92
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 344 (1966), S. 18-22 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The reaction of absolute hydrazine with hydroxylamido-O-sulfuric acid in absolute methanol gives a solid white compound having the analytical composition N3H7SO4. The IR spectrum, Debye-Scherrer diagramm and heat of formation are given. The structure of this compound and the question of whether it is a triazine derivative is discussed.
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung von absolutem Hydrazin mit Hydroxylamido-O-schwefelsäure in absolutem Methanol bildet sich eine feste weiße Substanz der analytischen Zusammensetzung N3H7SO4. Zur Charakterisierung dieser Verbindung werden das IR-Spektrum, das Debye-Scherrer-Diagramm und die Verbrennungswärme mitgeteilt. Die Struktur dieser Substanz, die insbesondere hinsichtlich der Frage interessiert, ob es sich dabei um ein Triazanderivat handelt, wird diskutiert.
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  • 93
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 344 (1966), S. 92-94 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Reduktion von [Cr(H2O)4Cl2]Cl · 2 H2O in 3 N salzsaurer Lösung durch 0,2% Natriumamalgam unter Stickstoffatmosphäre unter anschließendem Zusatz von N2H4 liefert mit hoher Ausbeute eine rasche, günstige Synthese für polymeres Cr(N2H4)2Cl2. Das Produkt wurde durch Analyse, Infrarotspektren und physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften identifiziert. Mit zweckmäßigen Veränderungen ist diese Methode auf die Darstellung von anderen Chrom(II)-Verbindungen anwendbar.
    Notes: The reduction of [Cr(H2O)4Cl2]Cl · 2 H2O in 3 N hydrochloric acid by means of 0.2% sodium amalgam under a nitrogen atmosphere, followed by addition of aqueous N2H4 provides a quick, convenient, and high-yield synthesis for polymeric Cr(N2H4)Cl2. The product was identified by analysis, infra red spectra, and physical and chemical properties. With appropriate modifications, the method is applicable to the preparation of other chromium(II) compounds.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 94
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 344 (1966), S. 102-106 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Tetra-o-tolylzinn wurde in 45proz. Ausbeute mit Hilfe der Wurtz-Reaktion (Petroläther als Lösungsmittel; Hg als Katalysator) dargestellt. Durch Jodierung wurden daraus Tri-o-tolylzinnjodid und Di-o-tolylzinndijodid erhalten; ferner gelang die Darstellung von Tri-o-tolylzinnfluorid.
    Notes: Tetra-o-tolyltin has been prepared in 45% yield for the first time by Wurtz reaction. Optimum yield is obtained using pet-ether (b. p. 65-85) as solvent and small amounts of mercury as catalyst. A mechanism for the role of mercury in the reaction is suggested. Tri-o-tolyltin iodide and hitherto unknown di o-tolyltin di-iodide have been prepared in 65% and 55% yields respectively by controlled iodination of the compound. Tri o-tolyltin fluoride has also been synthesised for the first time in almost quantitative yield.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 95
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 344 (1966), S. 140-147 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The new ternary compound Mn2AlB2 was prepared from Mn, Al and B, crystallizing in the form of needles with metallic lustre from an excess of molten Al. The unit-cell of the compound is orthorhombic with a = 2.92, b = 11.08 and c = 2.89 Å (Space-group C 222; Z = 2). The boron atoms are arranged in chains, which are connected by the Al-atoms giving layers in (0 0 1). Each boron is surrounded by 6 Mn at the corners of a trigonal prisma. - Together with Mn3AlB2, single crystals of AlB2 were obtained with a partly substitution of Mn for Al atoms. The compositions of such mixed-crystals have been found to be Al0.75Mn0.25B2.
    Notes: Aus Mn, Al und B wurde eine ternäre Phase der Zusammensetzung Mn2AlB2 erhalten. Diese kristallisiert aus geschmolzenem Überschüssigem Aluminium in silberglänzenden Nadeln, zusammen mit den schon bekannten Verbindungen AlB2 und Al6Mn. Mn2AlB2 hat eine rhombisch-basisflächenzentrierte Elementarzelle mit den Achsen a = 2,92, b = 11,08 und c = 2,89 Å, in der 2 Formeleinheiten untergebracht sind. Die Raumgruppe ist C 222. Die Atom-Lagen wurden durch röntgenographische Einkristalluntersuchung ermittelt. Die Boratome sind in der (0 0 1)-Fläche in Ketten angeordnet, die durch die in der gleichen Fläche liegenden Aluminiumatome zu Schichten verknüpft werden. Die Manganatome ordnen sich in der Form trigonaler Prismen um die Boratome an. - Neben dem Mn2AlB2 wurden bei einigen Versuchen Einkristalle des AlB2 erhalten, die nach den Ergebnissen der Analyse entsprechend der Formel Al0,75Mn0,25B2 Mn-Atome auf Al-Plätzen des Gitters substituiert enthielten.
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  • 96
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The crystal structures of WOCl4 and WOBr4 were determined by X-ray single crystal methods. The two compounds are isostructural and crystallize in the tetragonal space group I 4. The lattice constants are given above.2 oxygen and 4 chlorine (bromine) atoms form a distorted octahedron around each tungsten atom. The octahedra are linked by oxygen bridges to chains running parallel c.
    Notes: Die Kristallstruktur von WOCl4 und WOBr4 wurde röntgenographisch aus Einkristallaufnahmen bestimmt. Die beiden Verbindungen sind isostrukturell und kristallisieren in der tetragonalen Raumgruppe I 4. Die Gitterkonstanten sind: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm WOCl}_{\rm 4} :} & {{\rm a } = 8,48,} & {{\rm c = 3,99}{\AA}} \\[6pt] {{\rm WOBr}_{\rm 4} :} & {{\rm a } = 8,96,} & {{\rm c = 3,93}{\AA}} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document} Jedes Wolfram-Atom ist von 2 Sauerstoff- und 4 Chlor- bzw. Brom-Atomen verzerrt oktaedrisch umgeben. Die Oktaeder sind Über Sauerstoff-Brücken zu Ketten verknüpft, welche parallel der c-Achse laufen.
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  • 97
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 347 (1966), S. 133-139 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: CaHAsO4 · H2O (Haidingerite) crystallizes with the space group Penb. The structure consists of composite layers in the (010) plane which are linked together like in gipsum by water molecules. Slightly distorted AsO4 tetrahedra are connected parallel c via H bonds. Ca has the co-ordination number 7; the Ca—O polyhedra are connected in a-direction by common edges, in c-direction by common vertices.
    Notes: Haidingerit kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe Penb. Die Struktur ist aus Schichtpaketen nach (010) aufgebaut, welche wie beim Gips durch die Bindungen der Wassermolekeln zusammengehalten werden. Die AsO4-Tetraeder sind etwas verzerrt und über H-Brücken in c-Richtung verknüpft. Ca hat die Koordinationszahl 7. Die Calcium-Sauerstoff-Polyeder sind in a-Richtung über gemeinsame Kanten, in c-Richtung über gemeinsame Ecken verknüpft.
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  • 98
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 347 (1966), S. 156-159 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: By means of gas chromatography it is shown that on interacting of alkyl phosphorothioates with HgCl2 in OH-containing solvents, a very strong solvolysis occurs. Thus from (Et3O)PS and HgCl2 in methanol, the HgCl2 complex of trimethylthiophosphate is formed via alkoxyl exchange. The influence by complex formation of mercury on this solvolysis is discussed. No transesterification has, however, been observed with adducts from alkylthiophosphoric acid halides and lead acetate.
    Notes: Es wird an Hand gaschromatographischer Untersuchungen gezeigt, daß bei der Umsetzung von Thiophosphorsäureestern mit Quecksilberchlorid in hydroxylhaltigen Lösungsmitteln eine besonders starke Solvolyse beobachtet werden kann. So bildete sich aus Triäthylthiophosphat und Quecksilberchlorid in Methanol durch Umesterung der Trimethylthiophosphat-Quecksilberchlorid-Komplex. Über den Einfluß des Quecksilbers auf diese Solvolyseneigung durch dessen Komplexbildung wird hingewiesen. Bei Addukten von Halogenthiophosphorsäureestern mit Bleiacetat wurde keine Umesterung beobachtet.
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  • 99
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 347 (1966), S. 191-198 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Dielectric measurements on trimethylvinyl, allyl, and butenyl silane have shown that the vinyl silane has a structure being similar with that of trimethylphenyl silane. Where as in the latter compound, however, six electrons are on a seven-centric molecular term, the two π-electrons of the vinyl compound are on a three-centric one. In both cases the Si atom exhibites +I inductive and -M mesomeric action. The reactivity of allyl silane is due the strong M and E effect resulting from CH2 hyperconjugation and the +I effect of Si.
    Notes: Dielektrische Untersuchungen an Trimethyl-vinyl, Allyl- und Butenyl-silan zeigten, daß Vinyl-trimethyl-silan eine ähnliche Struktur wie Phenyl-trimethyl-silan besitzt mit dem Unterschied, daß die zwei π-Elektronen bei der Vinylverbindung auf ein trizentrisches, hingegen bei der Phenylverbindung sechs Elektronen auf ein heptazentrisches Molekülniveau gelangen. In beiden Fällen übt das Silicium eine +induktive (+I) und -mesomere (-M) Wirkung aus. Die Reaktionsfähigkeit der Allylverbindung ist dem stark erhöhten M- und E-Effekt zuzuschreiben, der durch den Hyperkonjugationseffekt der CH2-Gruppe und den +I-Effekt des Siliciums hervorgerufen wird.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 347 (1966), S. 218-222 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The compounds CaUO4, CaU2O7, Ca3UO6, and Ca2UO5 were prepared and characterized by means of X-ray and IR-techniques. Annealing UO2 doped with 5 weight-% CaO in air yields no IR-detectable amounts of uranate(VI).
    Notes: Die Verbindungen CaUO4, CaU2O7, Ca3UO6 und Ca2UO5 wurden hergestellt und röntgenographisch identifiziert. Die IR-Spektren dieser Verbindungen wurden gemessen. Aus UO2 mit 5% Gew. CaO, das 7 Monate lang einer oxydierenden Atmosphäre ausgesetzt worden war, waren keine nachweisbaren Mengen von Uranat(VI) entstanden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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