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  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979
  • 1965-1969  (324)
  • 1967  (324)
  • Chemical Engineering  (312)
  • Obesity  (12)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 3 (1967), S. 63-64 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Spontaneous Diabetes ; Diabetes in animals ; Genes for diabetes ; Mutations for diabetes ; Obesity ; Genotypes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Spontaneous diabetes ; Sand rat ; Psammomys obesus ; Insulin in plasma ; Insulin resistance ; Acetohexamide ; Diet and diabetes ; Nutrition and diabetes ; Obesity ; Pancreas ; Infections ; Adipose tissue in vitro
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Certaines caractéristiques particulières du rat des sables en font un animal d'expérience de grande valeur. L'augmentation des taux plasmatiques d'insuline et de glucose est liée chez lui à une augmentation de la prise de nourriture. Tout comme c'est le cas pour le diabète humain de type adulte, il semble y avoir participation d'un élément de résistance à l'insuline qui peut être mis en évidencein vitro par la sensibilité diminuée du tissu adipeux du rat des sables à l'insuline de porc. Il semblerait qu'un traitement prophylactique par l'acétphexamide exerce un effet protecteur contre l'effet diabétogène d'un régime riche en calories. — Il semble raisonnable de penser que le syndrome diabétique du rat du sable, si facilement provoqué par la modification du régime, pourrait s'avérer être un instrument de grande valeur dans l'étude des mécanismes pathogénétiques possibles du syndrome diabétique.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Sandratte verfügt über mehrere einmalige Eigenschaften, die aus ihr ein wertvolles Laboratoriumstier machen. Das häufige Auftreten von erhöhtem Plasma-Insulinspiegel und Hyperglykämie steht im Zusammenhang mit einer gesteigerten Nahrungsaufnahme. Wie im menschlichen Reife-Diabetes scheint auch hier eine Insulinresistenz aufzutreten, und diese istin vitro nachweisbar: das inkubierte Fettgewebe der Sandratte spricht auf eine Stimulierung mit steigenden Dosen von Schweineinsulin nur wenig an. Prophylaktische Behandlung mit Acetohexamid deutet auf eine Schutzwirkung gegen die diabetogenen Folgen einer kalorienreichen Diät. — Es ist zu erwarten, daß das diabetische Syndrom in der Sandratte, das so leicht durch Manipulationen der Diät erzeugt werden kann, ein nützliches Modell zur Untersuchung der möglichen Mechanismen der diabetischen Pathogenese darstellen wird.
    Notes: Summary The sand rat has some unique attributes, which make it a valuable experimental animal. The occurrence of increased plasma insulin levels and of hyperglycemia is linked to an increased food intake. As in the human maturity-onset type diabetes, there seems to be an element of insulin resistance, and this can be demonstratedin vitro by the relative unresponsiveness of sand rat adipose tissue to increasing doses of pork insulin. Prophylactic treatment with acetohexamide seems to have some protective effect against the diabetogenic results of a high calory diet. — It is expected that the diabetic syndrome in sand rats, which can be so easily induced by dietary manipulation, will be a valuable tool in helping to clarify some of the possible mechanisms in the syndrome of diabetes mellitus.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 3 (1967), S. 143-166 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Spontaneous Diabetes ; Sand rat ; Psammomys obesus ; Pancreas ; Ultrastructure ; Beta cells ; Alpha cells ; Protein synthesis ; Insulin in plasma ; Insulin in pancreas ; Obesity ; Nutrition and diabetes ; Diet and diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons étudié avec les microscopes optique et électronique les îlots de Langerhans du pancréas de rats des sables normaux et diabétiques. Lorsqu'ils sont maintenus à un régime normal de laboratoire, on observe chez ces animaux une dégranulation des cellulesβ et les signes d'une synthèse protéique augmentée. Dès qu'apparaît le diabète, on voit apparaître une infiltration glycogénique avec déplacement des organelles cellulaires et, plus tard, une dégénérescence cyptoplasmique avec liquéfaction. L'apparition de ces anomalies morphologiques a été mise en corrélation avec les altérations du glucose sanguin et de l'insuline immunoréactive sérique. Ce qui est remarquable chez le rat des sables, c'est qu'il ne semble pas être à même de s'adapter à l'apport calorique plus concentré de la nourriture de laboratoire. Il réagit par une surproduction insulinique, surproduction qui, en général, évite la cétose. Parfois, cette surproduction suffit à ramener le sucre sanguin à la normale. Dans des cas plus rares, la stimulation de la sécrétion insulinique se termine par une dégénérescence et une nécrose des cellulesβ avec céto-acidose mortelle.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wird über elektronen- und lichtmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Pankreas-Inseln normaler und diabetischer Sandratten berichtet. Nach Verabreichung einer synthetischen Keks-Diät wurden eine Degranulation derβ-Zellen und Zeichen einer vermehrten Proteinsynthese beobachtet. Gleichzeitig mit dem Auftreten von Diabetes erfolgte Glykogeninfiltration, begleitet von einer Verdrängung der Zellorganellen und gelegentlicher Degeneration und Verflüssigung des Cytoplasmas. Diese Veränderungen wurden mit Blutzucker-und immunreaktivem Serum-Insulinspiegel in Zusammenhang gebracht. — Sandratten sind einzigartig in der Hinsicht, daß sie nicht in der Lage sind, das vermehrte Kalorienangebot der synthetischen Diät auf normale Art zu bewältigen. Sie reagieren mit Mehrproduktion von Insulin. Die gesteigerte Insulmausschüttung hält das Tier gewöhnlich frei von Ketose, bringt den Blutzucker gelegentlich auf normale Werte zurück, endet aber in seltenen Fällen mit einer Degeneration und Nekrose derβ-Zellen mit anschließender fataler Ketoacidose.
    Notes: Summary Ultrastuctural and light microscopic studies of pancreatic islets in normal and diabetic sand rats are reported. Following the institution of a synthetic chow diet, beta cell degranulation and enhanced protein synthesis were observed. With the appearance of diabetes, glycogen infiltration occurred, with displacement of cellular organelles and eventual cytoplasmic degeneration and liquefaction. These alterations were correlated with blood glucose and serum immunoreactive insulin levels. — The sand rats are unique in that they are not able to cope with the increased caloric load of synthetic chow. They respond by marked insulin production; an increase that usually maintains the animal free of ketosis, occasionally returns them to a euglycemic state, and may rarely be terminated by beta cell degeneration and necrosis with fatal ketoacidosis.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 3 (1967), S. 171-174 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Spontaneous Diabetes ; Wellesley hybrid mouse ; Hybrid mouse diabetes ; Genotype:C3Hf×I-Fl ; Strains of mice: C3Hf and I ; Mice: C3Hf and I ; Insulin response ; Insulin resistance ; Nutrition and diabetes ; Diet and diabetes ; Insulin and diabetes ; Insulin in serum ; Obesity ; Adipose tissue in vitro ; Diaphragm in vitro
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'hybride F1 produit par le croisement des souches de souris C3Hf et I (souris de Wellesley) est prédisposé au diabète. Dans cette étude nous avons observé que les animaux devenus diabétiques avaient des taux élevés d'insuline immunoréactive sérique et que leurs tissus périphériques étaient moins sensibles à l'action de l'insulinein vitro. Un régime hypocalorique a pu prévenir l'apparition du diabète et maintenir une sensibilité normale à l'insuline.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Kreuzung von C3Hf und I Mäusestämmen ergibt ein F1 Hybrid (die “Wellesley” Maus) mit Veranlagung für Diabetes mellitus. Bei der Untersuchung dieser Tiere wurde festgestellt, daß solche, bei denen das diabetische Syndrom sich entwickelt hatte, erhöhte Spiegel von immunreaktivem Insulin im Serum aufwiesen, und daß ihre peripheren Gewebein vitro weniger empfindlich auf Insulin reagierten. Diät-beschränkung verhinderte das Auftreten von Diabetes und bewahrte die Insulinempfindlichkeit der peripheren Gewebe.
    Notes: Summary A hybrid of C3Hf and I strains of mice (the “Wellesley” mouse) results in an animal with a predisposition to diabetes mellitus. In this study it was found that animals that developed the diabetic syndrome had elevated levels of immunoreactive insulin in their serum, and peripheral tissues thatin vitro were less responsive to insulin. Dietary restriction prevented the diabetes from occurring as well as maintaining insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 3 (1967), S. 175-178 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Spontaneous Diabetes ; Wellesley hybrid mouse ; Hybrid mouse diabetes ; Genotype: C3Hf XI-Fl ; Strains of mice: C3Hf and I ; Mice: C3Hf and I ; Swiss-Hauschka mice ; Hauschka Swriss mice ; Nutrition and diabetes ; Diet and diabetes ; Beta cell hyperplasia ; Insulin in Serum ; Obesity ; Caloric Intake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des souris hybrides produites par le croisement des souches C3Hf et I ont été soumises à une alimentation standard de laboratoire, à deux niveaux de concentration calorique. De plus, des souris d'une souche ordinaire ont reçu leur nourriture sous forme de poudre ou de conglomérés. Dans tous ces cas, nous avons observé une corrélation entre l'hyperglycémie, l'accroissement de poids et les taux sériques élevés d'insuline immunoréactive résultant de l'apport augmenté de calories. Ces observations soulignent l'importance extrême du régime dans l'étude du diabète expérimental.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Mäuse, die aus der Kreuzung C3HfXI hervorgingen, und die zu einer milden Form von Diabetes und Hyperplasie der Bauchspeicheldrüse neigen, erhielten zwei Sorten Laboratoriumskeks von unterschiedlichem Kaloriengehalt. Einem Stamm gewöhnlicher Labormäuse wurde außerdem das Futter als Pulver oder in Keks-Form verabreicht. Hyperglykämie, vermehrte Gewichtszunahme und erhöhte Spiegel an immunreaktivem Insulin verhielten sich untereinander parallel und waren das Resultat vermehrter Kalorienaufnahme. Diese Untersuchungen heben die kritische Rolle der Diät bei Studien des experimentellen Diabetes hervor.
    Notes: Summary Hybrid mice that develop mild diabetes and pancreatic hyperplasia were fed chow rations at two caloric concentrations. In addition, a strain of commercial laboratory mice were fed these diets in both powdered and pellet form. In all animals, hyperglycemia, increased weight gain, and elevated levels of immunoreactive insulin in serum were correlated with each other and resulted from increased caloric intake. These studies emphasize the critical role of diet in the study of experimental diabetes.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 3 (1967), S. 212-221 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Spontaneous Diabetes ; KK mice ; Japanese mice ; Obesity ; Growth hormone ; Pituitary ; Islets of Langerhans ; Pancreas ; Ultrastructure ; Beta cells ; Insulin in pancreas ; Sex and diabetes ; Adrenal cortex ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. Un état diabétique est démontré chez des souris d'une souche japonaise, la souche KK, mis en évidence par une élévation du sucre sanguin et par une diminution de la tolérance au glucose. 2. Le poids corporel des souris KK dépasse la normale; il s'agit d'une obésité modérée. 3. L'activité insulinique du pancréas et le contenu en hormone de croissance de l'hypophyse de souris KK dépassent ceux observés chez des souris C57BL. 4. Histologiquement, on trouve chez les souris KK une hypertrophie et une hyperplasie des îlots de Langerhans, une hypertrophie et une dégranulation des cellules B, une abondance de ribosomes et de réticulum endoplasmique des cellules B, un développement marqué de la région de Golgi des mêmes cellules, et une diminution du contenu en zinc des cellules insulaires. D'autres anomalies ont également été observées dans d'autres organes des souris KK, plus particulièrement pour l'hypophyse, le foie, les surrénales et la parathyroïde.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei Mäusen des KK-Stammes (japanische Zucht) ist mit Bestimmung von Glucosetoleranz und Blutzuckerwerten ein diabetischer Zustand nachweisbar. 2. Das Körpergewicht von KK-Mäusen liegt über der Norm, und es besteht eine leichte Fettsucht. 3. Die Insulinaktivität des Pankreas und der Gehalt der Hypophyse an Wachstumshormon sind bei KK-Mäusen höher als bei C57BL-Mäusen. 4. Das Pankreas der KK-Mäuse zeigt auffallende Veränderungen, wie Hypertrophie und Degranulierung derβ-Zellen, reichlich Ribosomen und endoplasmatisches Reticulum in denβ-Zellen, sowie starke Ausbildung des Golgiapparates und Verminderung des Zinkgehaltes der Inselzellen. 5. Auch andere Organe (z.B. Adenohypophyse, Leber, Nebenniere und Nebenschilddrüse) der KK-Mäuse weisen Veränderungen auf.
    Notes: Summary This review demonstrates the following points:1. By glucose tolerance test and the determination of non-fasting blood sugar values, mice of KK strain (a Japanese strain) have been shown to be in a diabetic state. 2. KK mice have greater than normal body weights, and moderate obesity. 3. Pancreatic insulin activity and adenohypophyseal growth hormone content of KK mice are greater than those of C75BL mice. 4. The pancreas of KK mice presents many striking changes, such as the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the islets, the hypertrophy and degranulation of B cells, the abundance of B cell ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum, the enlargement of the Golgi areas of B cells, and the diminution of the zinc content of insular cells. 5. In other organs (eg. adenohypophysis, liver, adrenal and parathyroid) of KK mice, many changes are also observed. The above features of KK mice are discussed in relation to the presumed metabolic disorder in the mice.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 3 (1967), S. 222-229 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Spontaneous Diabetes ; Obese mice ; Genotype: obob ; Obese-hyperglycemic syndrome ; Screening ; for diabetes ; Testis ; Obesity ; β-glucuronidase ; Isocitrate metabolism ; Muscle ; Liver ; Adipose tissue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons passé en revue quelques aspects du métabolisme des souris obèses-hyperglycémiques observés dans la colonie suédoise de ces animaux. Nous avons développé une méthode de dépistage qui permet de reconnaître très tôt les animaux qui, plus tard, deviendront obèses et hyperglycémiques. L'injection intrapéritonéale de glucose mène plus fréquemment à une glucosurie chez les souris homozygotes (obob) même avant le sevrage, suggérant donc que l'anomalie du métabolisme du glucose est une lésion primaire chez ces animaux. Le syndrome est en outre associé à une activité endocrine réduite du testicule. Une comparaison quantitative des structures testiculaires d'animaux obèses-hyperglycémiques soumis à un régime strict, et d'animaux obèses à la suite d'hyperphagie provoquée par l'injection d'aurothioglucose, permet d'affirmer que cette diminution de la fonction endocrine testiculaire est le résultat de facteurs autres que l'hyperphagie ou l'obésité. Une augmentation de laβ-glucuronidase sérique et artérielle ayant été décrite chez des malades atteints de diabète ou d'artériosclérose sévères, cette activité enzymatique a été mesurée chez les souris obèses-hyperglycémiques. Une activité enzymatique accrue n'a été observée que pour les surrénales. La déshydrogénation de l'isocitrate procède plus activement par la voie requérant le cofacteur NADP+ dans les tissus musculaires et hépatiques de souris obèses-hyperglycémiques, que ce n'est le cas pour les tissus de souris nonobèses. Pourtant, cette utilisation préférentielle de l'enzyme NADP+-dépendant n'est pas nécessairement liée à la lipogénèse accrue observée chez ces animaux, puisque cette même préférence ne se retrouve pas lorsqu'on compare le tissu adipeux d'animaux obèses et non-obèses de mêmes nichées.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Auf Grund von kürzlich durchgeführten Untersuchungen an der schwedischen Kolonie von fettsüchtig-hyperglykämischen Mäusen werden hier einige Gesichtspunkte über den Stoffwechsel dieser Tiere dargestellt. Eine neue Arbeitsweise hat es uns ermöglicht schon früh Mäuse, die später zu Fettsucht und Hyperglykämie neigen, zu entdecken. Intraperitoneale Glucoseinjektionen führten häufiger zur Glucosurie in denjenigen noch nicht entwöhnten Tieren, die für das fettsüchtig-hyperglykämische Gen homozygot sind. Diese Tatsache weist auch darauf hin, daß die Störung des Glucosestoff-wechsels wahrscheinlich eine primäre Anomalie darstellt. Das fettsüchtig-hyperglykämische Syndrom geht parallel mit einer verminderten endokrinen Aktivität der Hoden. Quantitative mikroskopische Untersuchung der Hoden von sowohl fettsüchtig-hyperglykämischen Mäusen bei Beschränkung der Nahrungsaufnahme, als auch von Mäusen mit Goldthioglucose-bedingter Hyperphagie und Fettsucht deuten darauf, daß andere Faktoren als Überfressen oder Fettsucht für das Abnehmen der Hodenfunktion verantwortlich sind. Im Serum oder in den Arterien von Patienten mit Diabetes oder Arteriosklerose ist eine Vermehrung derβ-Glucuronidase-Aktivität nachgewiesen worden. Beifettsüchtig-hyperglykämischen Mäusen war aber nur in den Nebennieren eine höhereβ-Glucuronidase-Aktivität als bei nicht-fettsüchtigen Tieren nachzuweisen. Untersuchung der enzymatischen Dehydrogenierung von Isocitrat zeigte, daß Isocitrat im Skelettmuskel und in der Leber dieser fettsüchtig hyperglykämischen Mäuse vorwiegend über das NADP+-abhängige Enzym dehydrogeniert wird. Diese Beobachtung ist nicht unbedingt mit der Hyperlipogenese verbunden, da das Fettgewebe von fettsüchtig-hyperglykämischen Mäusen im Vergleich zu dem der mageren nicht dieselbe Bevorzugung des NADP+- abhängigen Enzyms aufweist.
    Notes: Summary Some aspects of the metabolism of obesehyperglycemic mice are presented in the light of recent observations on the Swedish colony of these animals. A screening procedure has been elaborated, which allows early detection of those growing mice that will later develop the obese-hyperglycemic syndrome. The observation that intraperitoneal glucose injections induce a higher frequency of glucosuria in those suckling mice which are homozygous for the obese-hyperglycemic gene furthermore suggests that the impairment of the glucose metabolism represents a primary lesion in these animals. The obese-hyperglycemic syndrome is associated with a reduced endocrine activity of the testis. Quantitative microscopic analyses of the testis, both from obese-hyperglycemic mice kept on a restricted food intake and from mice in which hyperphagia and obesity had been induced by injections of gold thioglucose, revealed that other factors than overeating and/or obesity are responsible for the depression of the testis function. An increased activity ofβ-glucuronidase has been reported in serum and arteries from inviduals with diabetes or severe arteriosclerosis. However, among the various tissues analysed in the obese-hyperglycemic mice only the adrenals displayed a significantly higherβ-glucuronidase activity than the lean litter mates. Studies of the enzymatic dehydrogenation of isocitrate revealed considerably higher ratios between the NADP+- and NAD+-specific enzyme activities in the skeletal muscle and liver from the obese-hyperglycemic mice. The observation that the liver dehydrogenation of isocitrate was more dependent on NADP+ in the latter animals must not necessarily be attributed to the presence of a hyperlipogenesis, since similar ratios were recorded for the NADP+- and NAD+-linked isocitric dehydrogenase activities when the adipose tissue from the obese-hyperglycemic mice was compared with that from the lean sibling controls.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 3 (1967), S. 135-139 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Spontaneous diabetes ; Sand rat ; Psammomys obesus ; Insulin in serum ; Insulin in pancreas ; Insulin resistance ; Adipose tissue in vitro ; Obesity ; Diet and diabetes ; Fasting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons induit par modification du régime chez le rat des sables égyptien un syndrome diabétique plus modéré que celui décrit dans la précédente communication (Miki et al., 1966). Maintenus à un régime végétal pendant une longue période après leur capture, la teneur en insuline du pancréas de ces animaux augmente de façon significative. Par contre, lorsqu'ils sont soumis au régime standard de laboratoire (granuléscomprimés) une hyperglycémie de degré variable s'installe chez environ un tiers des jeunes rats. L'hyperinsulinémie s'est révélée être encore plus élevée chez ces animaux que chez ceux décrits antérieurement et elle persiste même après un retour à la normale de la glycémie au cours du jeûne. Chez les rats hyperglycémiques, le contenu du pancréas en insuline diminue. Le rôle possible de la résistance du tissu adipeux à l'action de l'insuline dans la pathogénèse de ce syndrome est discuté.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Eine mildere Form von diätinduziertem diabetischen Syndrom in der Ägyptischen Sandratte wird beschrieben. In Sandratten, die für längere Zeit nach der Gefangennahme mit Gemüse gefüttert worden waren, war der Pankreasinsulingehalt stark erhöht, der Blutzucker aber normal. Ein Drittel der jungen Tiere, hingegen, die mit Labor-Keks gefüttert wurden, entwickelte Hyperglykämie verschiedenen Grades. Hyperinsulinämie war sogar noch stärker ausgeprägt, als in der vorher beschriebenen Gruppe (Miki et al., 1966) und dauerte selbst dann an, wenn der Blutzucker durch Fasten auf normale Werte zurückgebracht wurde. Der Pankreasinsulingehalt hyperglykämischer Sandratten war gegenüber der Norm erniedrigt. Die Insulinempfindlichkeit des Fettgewebes wird im Zusammenhang mit der Pathogenese diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Compared with our previous report, a milder form of diabetic syndrome induced by diet in Egyptian sand rats is described. In sand rats fed vegetables for a prolonged period after capture, pancreatic insulin content was significantly increased. When fed chow, one-third of young animals developed hyperglycemia to a variable degree. Hyperinsulinemia was even more marked than in the previously reported group (Miki et al., 1966) and persisted even when the blood glucose returned to normal following fasting. Pancreatic insulin content was decreased in hyperglycemic sand rats. Insulin refractoriness of adipose tissue was discussed in relation to the pathogenesis.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 3 (1967), S. 140-142 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Spontaneous Diabetes ; Sand rat ; Psammomys obesus ; Prediabetes ; Preclinical diabetes ; Insulin in serum ; Adipose tissue in vitro ; Insulin resistance ; Liver enzymes ; Liver metabolism in vitro ; Obesity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Chez des rats des sables pesant environ 100, 140, et 220 gr, avec une glycémie normale, nous avons observé des taux élevés d'insuline circulante par rapport aux taux que l'on observe chez des rats albinos du même âge. Chez ces animaux, le tissu adipeux incubéin vitro n'est que peu sensible à l'insuline, par comparaison avec la sensibilité du tissu adipeux du rat albinos. La sensibilité à l'insuline diminue dans les deux espèces avec l'âge, mais cet effet est beaucoup plus marqué chez le rat des sables. Les dosages d'enzymes hépatiques et les études métaboliques sur tranches de foie ont donné des résultats semblables pour les deux espèces à l'exception d'une incorporation diminuée de glucose en glycogène hépatique pour le rat des sables.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Sandratten mit normalem Blutzucker und einem Körpergewicht von ungefähr 100, 140 und 220 Gramm wurden mit Albinoratten desselben Alters verglichen. Dabei wurde beobachtet, daß die Sandratten auch unter diesen Bedingungen erhöhte Seruminsulinspiegel aufwiesen. Ihr Fettgewebe zeigtein vitro eine verminderte Insulinempfindlichkeit, die mit zunehmendem Alter weiter fiel. Diese altersbedingte Abnahme war bei Sandratten ausgeprägter als bei Albinoratten. Untersuchungen von Leberstoffwechsel an Leberschnitten oder an Leberenzymmessungen deuteten nicht auf ein unterschiedliches Verhalten der Leber der Sandratte, mit der einzigen Ausnahme eines verminderten Glucose-Einbaues in Glykogen.
    Notes: Summary Normoglycemic sand rats of approximately 100, 140, and 220 grams body weight were found to have increased circulating insulin levels compared with albino rats of matched ages. Adipose tissuein vitro demonstrated decreased insulin sensitivity, which became further diminished with increasing age in both type of rats, but this effect was much more marked in the sand rats. Liver enzyme determinations and metabolic studies on liver slices showed identical results in both rats, except for decreased glucose incorporation into glycogen in the sand rat.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 3 (1967), S. 179-187 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Spontaneous Diabetes ; Wellesley hybrid mouse ; Hybrid mouse diabetes ; Genotype: C3HfXI- Fl ; Ultrastructure ; Beta cells ; Nutrition and diabetes ; Diet and diabetes ; Insulin in serum ; Obesity ; Strains of mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons étudié la morphologie des îlots de Langerhans de souris hybrides de Wellesley (C3HfxI) et de souris albinos ordinaires soumises à deux régimes synthétiques de laboratoire. Nous avons observé une forte augmentation du volume des îlots de Langerhans des animaux diabétiques soumis aux deux types de régime, ces îlots étant composés presque exclusivement de cellules B actives. L'apparence des îlots de Langerhans d'animaux non-diabétiques était normale. Il existe chez ces animaux une excellente corrélation entre la présence de diabète, les taux d'insuline immunoréactive sérique, et l'apparence des îlots, ceci pour les deux régimes.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung An “Wellesley Hybrid” und normalen Laboratoriumsmäusen, denen zwei verschiedene Arten von synthetischem Futter gegeben worden war, wurden morphologische Studien durchgeführt. Die Langerhans'schen Inseln diabetischer Tiere beider Gruppen waren stark vergrößert und bestanden beinahe ausschließlich aus aktiv Insulin synthetisierendenβ-Zellen. Die Inseln der nicht-diabetischen Mäuse waren normal. Es bestand ein deutlicher Zusammenhang zwischen dem Vorhandensein von Diabetes, dem immunreaktiven Insulin Spiegel im Serum und der Inselmorphologie, unabhängig von Mäusestamm und Diät.
    Notes: Summary Morphologic studies were performed in “Wellesley Hybrid” and commercial laboratory mice fed synthetic chow of two types. The pancreatic islets of diabetic animals of both groups were greatly enlarged, and were composed almost exclusively of beta cells actively synthesizing insulin. The islets of the non-diabetic mice were normal. There was excellent correlation between the presence of diabetes, the level of serum TRI and islet morphology regardless of mouse strain and dietary regimen.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Spontaneous Diabetes ; Spiny mice ; Acomys cahirinus ; Obesity ; Pancreas ; Ultrastructure ; Beta cells ; Insulin in pancreas ; Glycogen ; Islets of Langerhans ; Endo-exocrine cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'Acomys Cahirinus ou souris à piquants est un rongeur vivant dans les régions semi-désertiques de l'est de la Méditerranée. La découverte d'un diabète spontané chez certains de ces animaux a fait entreprendre l'élevage d'une colonie dans laquelle ce syndrome s'est maintenu jusqu'à maintenant. Il atteint environ 15% des animaux, qu'ils soient obèses ou non. Il apparaît sur un terrain insulaire très particulier puisque le pancréas endocrine montre une hyperplasie très importante jusqu'à constituer 15% du pancréas total. Cette hyperplasie existe chez tous les animaux, hyperglycémiques ou non. — L'étude au microscope électronique est encore trop incomplète pour une analyse corrélative détaillée entre les données métaboliques et morphologiques. Elle permet toutefois de décrire les différentes structures cellulaires de l'Acomys ainsi que leurs modifications dans les conditions pathologiques. Les changements du complexe de Golgi et des mitochondries et certains aspects plus pathologiques,comme l'accumulation de glycogène, sont décrits ainsi que des images plus particulières à l'Acomys, telles les confluences de vésicules et les cellules hypergranulées. — L'extrême hyperplasie du pancréas endocrine de la souris à piquants s'accompagne à son niveau d'un grand polymorphisme cellulaire. Les différentes cellules ainsi observées sont interprétées comme des aspects de différents moments physiologiques et non comme des types cellulaires particuliers. Ces données font conclure à la non-existence d'autres entités cellulaires que les cellules A, B et éventuellement D. Un aspect particulièrement intéressant de la souris à piquants est celui dela présence de cellules mixtes. Cette image est discutée dans le cadre très particulier du syndrome diabétique observé chez l'Acomys.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Acomys cahirinus, die Stachelmaus, ist ein kleines Nagetier, das in den an die Wüste grenzenden Gegenden des östlichen Mittelmeerraumes lebt. Da in dieser Tierart Spontandiabetes auftritt, zumindest in Laboratoriumszucht, halten wir dieses Tier am Institut de Biochimie Clinique seit etwas mehr als drei Jahren. Diabetes mellitus tritt bei ungefähr 15% der Tiere die ein Jahr alt werden ein; einige davon sind fettsüchtig, nicht aber alle. Diabetes erscheint trotz einer sehr stark entwickelten Hyperplasie der Langerhans'schen Inseln, die bis zu 15% des erwachsenen Organs ausmachen können! Diese Hyperplasie ist bei allen Tieren zu sehen, unabhängig davon ob eine diabetische Stoffwechselstörung vorliegt oder nicht. Mit dem Elektronenmikroskop haben wir die Langerhans'schen Inseln von 22 Stachelmäusen untersucht und berichten hier über die verschiedenen beobachteten Zelltypen, zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten der Entwicklung der diabetischen Stoffwechselstörungen. Befunde an den B-Zellen dieser Tierart betreffen die hochgradige Entwicklung des Golgi Apparates, die große Unterschiedlichkeit und manchmal extreme Glycogen-Ablagerung in diabetischen Tieren, die häufige Verschmelzung der Membranen der Granula, und das Auftreten von ganz übermäßig hypergranulierten Zellen. — Die Hyperplasie der Langerhans'schen Inseln in Stachelmäusen geht mit einem betrachtenswerten zellulären Polymorphismus einher. Die Autoren sind jedoch nicht der Meinung, daß diese Befunde auf das Vorhandensein von vielen verschiedenen Zelltypen in diesen Inseln deutet. Es scheint ihnen viel wahrscheinlicher, daß es sich um verschiedene funktionelle Zustände einer kleinen Anzahl von Zelltypen handelt, wobei nur A, B, und vielleicht D Zellen mit Sicherheit als identifiziert gelten können. Ein besonders frappanter Aspekt dieses zellulären Polymorphysmus istdie häufige Beobachtung von gemischten oder Intermediärzellen (exokrin-endokrin sowie auch endokrin A-B). Diese Beobachtung wirft die Frage auf ob die Stimulation, die zu der Hyperplasie des endokrinen Systems in dieser Tierart führt, vielleicht mit einer Verminderung der nuklearen Hemmung, die bei voll differenzierten Zellen die Regel ist, einhergehen könnte.
    Notes: Summary Acomys Cahirinus, the spiny mouse, is a small rodent living in the semi-desertic areas of the Eastern Mediterranean. The observation that diabetes may occur spontaneously in this species, at least under laboratory conditions, has led to its breeding at the Institut de Biochimie Clinique, where a colony has been maintained over the last 3 years. Diabetes occurs in approximately 15% of the animals reaching one year of age; some of these are obese, but not all. Diabetes occurs in the presence of, and despite a striking hyperplasia of the endocrine pancreas, which may make up as much as 15% of the total organ in adult mice. This hyperplasia is present in all animals, whether hyperglycemic or not. — The islets of Langerhans of 22 spiny mice have been examined with the electron microscope and form the basis for an analysis of the different cell types observed, at different times relative to the onset of diabetes. Findings in the B cells of this species have included the generally high degree of development of the Golgi complex, the great variability of glycogen accumulation in diabetic animals, the frequent fusion of the granular sacs, and the occurrence of grossly hyper-granulated cells. — The hyperplasia of the islets of Langerhans in spiny mice is associated with a remarkable cellular polymorphism. However, the authors do not feel that this is the result of the presence in these islets of many distinct cell types. It would seem much more likely, that they represent different functional states of a small number of distinct types of cells, among which only A, B and perhaps D cells have been securely identified. Another feature of this cellular polymorphism is thefrequent presence of mixed or intermediate cells (exocrine-endocrine, or endocrine A-B), which suggests that the stimulation leading to hyperplasia of the endocrine cells in this species might result in the removal of some part of the nuclear inhibition usually associated with fully differentiated cells.
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  • 12
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    Diabetologia 3 (1967), S. 238-248 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Spontaneous Diabetes ; Genotype: C57BL/K5-db ; Diabetes in mice ; Mutation: diabetes ; Obesity ; Prediabetes ; Insulin in plasma ; Insulin in pancreas ; Islets of Langerhans ; Pancreas ; Insulin resistance ; Glucose utilization ; Gluconeogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La mutation, diabète (db), a été observée dans la souche de souris C57BL/Ks. C'est un gène autosomal récessif avec pénétrance complète, et qui mène chez les homozygotes à un trouble métabolique ressemblant au diabète sucré chez l'homme. Une accumulation excessive de graisses se produit à l'âge de 3–4 semaines et est bientôt suivie par l'apparition d'hyperglycémie, de polyurie et de glucosurie. L'évolution clinique suit ensuite deux étapes. Durant la première, les taux d'insuline plasmatique sont élevés et la lipogénèse, la gluconéogénèse, ainsi que l'oxydation du glucose sont accélérées; il y a diminution de la granulation des cellulesβ et d'autres altérations suggérant l'existence d'une compensation d'un état nécessitant une utilisation insulinique accrue. La deuxième étape, par contre, est caractérisée par des taux normaux d'insuline plasmatique, avec diminution marquée de l'utilisation du glucose malgré la persistance d'une gluconéogénèse nettement exagérée. Ces observations nous semblent indiquer l'existence d'une utilisation défectueuse de l'insuline à la périphérie, plutôt qu'une anomalie primaire de la synthèse ou de la libération de l'hormone au niveau du pancréas.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Mutation Diabetes (db), die in dem Mäusestamm C57BL/Ks auftritt, ist ein autosomales rezessives Gen mit voller Penetranz und verursacht bei homzygoten Mäusen eine dem im Menschen auftretenden Diabetes mellitus ähnliche Stoffwechselstörung: übermäßige Ablagerung von Fett im Alter von 3–4 Wochen, mit anschließender Hyperglykämie, Polyurie und Glucosurie. Der klinische Verlauf erfolgt dann in zwei Phasen. In der ersten Phase ist ein wesentlicher Anstieg der Plasmainsulinwerte im Vordergrund, mit Beschleunigung von Lipogenese, Gluconeogenese und Glucoseoxydation. Das Abnehmen der Granula in denβ-Zellen der Langerhansschen Inseln und andere Veränderungen deuten auf eine Anpassung an einen steigenden Insulinbedarf. In der zweiten Phase, dagegen, sind die Insulinspiegel eher normal, und der Glucoseverbrauch nimmt ab, bei Weiterbestehen der beschleunigten Gluconeogenese. Diese Ergebnisse deuten eher auf eine mangelhafte periphere Insulinwirkung als auf eine ungenügende Synthese der Ausschüttung des Hormones durch das Pankreas.
    Notes: Summary The mutation, diabetes (db), that occurred in the C57BL/Ks strain of mice is a unit autosomal recessive gene with full penetrance, and causes metabolic disturbances in homozygous mice resembling diabetes mellitus in man. Abnormal deposition of fat at 3 to 4 weeks of age is followed by hyperglycemia, polyuria and glycosuria. The diabetic condition appears to develop in two stages. In the early stage, there are marked increases in the levels of plasma insulin, the rates of lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and glucose oxidation, and there is a reduction ofβ-cell granules in the islet of Langerhans with other changes suggestive of a compensating adaptation to increased insulin demand. On the other hand, the late stage is characterized by a near normal level of circulating insulin, a marked decrease in glucose utilization but with a continued high rate of gluconeogenesis. These findings suggest a defect in the peripheral utilization of insulin rather than in the synthesis and release of the hormone from the pancreas.
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967) 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 24-25 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 45-51 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 58-62 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 253-256 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 264-268 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 222-223 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 90-93 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 5-16 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 168-174 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 35-37 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 81-85 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 124-127 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 158-160 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 198-217 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 257-263 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 280-294 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 232-252 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 269-275 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 295-309 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 225-231 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 276-279 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 2-4 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 17-20 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 21-24 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 38-39 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 55-57 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 78-79 
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 86-89 
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    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 110-114 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 45
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    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 137-140 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 46
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    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 150-158 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 47
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    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 32-35 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 48
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 189-193 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 49
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    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967) 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 50
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    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 40-44 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 51
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 63-70 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 52
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 85-85 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 53
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 98-109 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 54
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 94-97 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 55
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 128-136 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 56
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 142-143 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 57
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 161-167 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 58
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 182-188 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 59
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 194-197 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 60
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 309-316 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 61
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 318-323 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967) 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 175-177 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 115-123 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 140-140 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967) 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 145-149 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 178-181 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 69
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 219-219 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 70
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 1203-1205 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 71
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    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 1196-1202 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two-phase, gas-liquid concurrent flow in packed beds was investigated with the use of an air-water system and 2-, 4-, and 6-in. diameter columns packed with tabular alumina particles of 0.025 and 0.027 ft. diameters. Total pressure drop, column operating pressure, and liquid saturation were measured as functions of gas flow rate, fluid temperatures, and flow direction at several constant liquid flow rates for each column.Correlation of the frictional pressure loss was achieved in terms of a defined two-phase friction factor and a second correlating parameter which is a function of the liquid and gas Reynolds numbers. A viscosity correction factor was required to extend the friction factor correlation to include liquid viscosities widely divergent from that of water.The liquid saturation data for both upward and downward flow were correlated in terms of the ratio of mass flow rates of the respective phases.
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  • 72
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    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 311-315 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A previous paper introduced the pair-type-probability (PTP) function for use in molecular corresponding states theory. The present paper develops the predictive equations of Scatchard and Hildebrand and the correlation equations of Wohl from particular pair and triplet weighting functions for clusters of two and three molecules in a liquid mixture. The cluster-weighting idea therefore unifies the major prediction and correlation schemes now in engineering use.
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  • 73
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    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 303-311 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: There are four points of flexibility in present molecular formulations of the corresponding states idea. At these points the procedure followed or the numerical values can be tailored to achieve better agreement between predicted and experimental properties without violation of physical principles. These flexibilities are the exponent values used in the pair-potential function, the averaging procedure used to obtain an effective mixture pair-potential function, the combination rule for unlike-pair parameters, and the selection of a reference substance. The first two flexibilities are used in this paper to show that the conformal-parameter equations can correlate excess free energy and activity coefficient data of highly nonideal liquid mixtures. A pair-type-probability function is introduced in the averaging procedure used to obtain a mixture pair-potential function. Any macroscopic or molecular property may be used in this weighting function to improve mixture-property prediction.
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  • 74
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    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 316-318 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The observation that large bubbles entrained in accelerating viscoelastic fluids may suddenly stop and remain stationary for long periods of time, although imbedded in a region of high fluid velocities, is noted and described. An analysis of this phenomenon, termed the Uebler effect, shows that it may be expected to occur with all particulate matter provided that the continuum field fluid is accelerating sufficiently rapidly to generate high stresses as a result of fluid stretching, and provided these stresses change sufficiently rapidly in the direction of the velocity vector in the flow field.
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    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 1219-1221 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 76
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    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 1216-1219 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 77
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    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 1221-1225 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 78
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    AIChE Journal 13 (1967) 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 79
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    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 410-410 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 80
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    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 617-617 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 81
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    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 443-449 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Local and average holdup and drop size distribution as function of flow rates were measured for kerosene drops and water in a countercurrent, 15-cm. I.D., 160-cm. long, spray column. The range of flow rates was 5 to 40 liters/min. of kerosene and 0 to 50 liters/min. of water. At the same pairs of flow rates of the dispersed and the continuous phases in spray columns, three modes of drop packings can be obtained. These are termed, in order of increasing average holdup and increasing regularity of flow patterns, dispersed, restrained, and dense packings. For dispersed packing, at low flow rates of the two phases, the holdup and the drop size are constant along the column. At high flow rates the drop size increases from bottom to top of the column and the holdup increases from top to bottom of the column. The range of flow rates for the operation of a spray column is extended by the use of a conical entry section (Elgin design) at the bottom of the column, by the formation of an equilibrium region in the conical section.The average holdup increases with increased flow rates of both phases for dispersed and restrained packings, and with decreased flow rates of both phases for dense packing.The best definitions of flooding in a spray column are either the point of maximum average specific area of the drops, which corresponds to the onset of coalescence in the column, or the start of rejection of drops from the column proper.
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  • 82
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    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 476-485 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The generalized model accounts for the effects of channeling, transfer lag, mixing, and mass transfer that occur on each plate of a column in the process of separating a multi-component mixture at unsteady state operation. The equations required to describe the model were tested by solving a wide variety of numerical examples. Selected numerical results are presented to demonstrate certain characteristics and uses of the generalized model.
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  • 83
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    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 545-550 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Irreversible, first-order, simultaneous heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions in an isothermal tubular reactor under laminar flow conditions are studied. Accurate values of the eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, and radial concentration profiles are found for the dilute system. Criteria are given as to when the homogeneous reaction may be neglected with respect to the heterogeneous reaction and vice versa. It is found that for a certain range of the rate parameters well-known limiting solutions apply. Outside this range, the new solutions must be used.
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    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 550-555 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The more pronounced macroscopic features of flows of viscoelastic materials around submerged objects are considered in the light of restriction imposed on the flow by the Deborah number, a dimensionless group representing a ratio of time scales of the fluid and the flow process. It is seen that one major effect is to thicken the boundary layer appreciably in the region of the leading edge or stagnation point of the object in the fluid; depending on the shape of the object this thickening of the boundary layer may be felt for appreciable distances into the velocity field.The influence of these and other effects on the use of probes for determination of point values of the velocity of viscoelastic fluids is considered in some detail. The general effect is to impose strong restrictions on the use of such probes and on the interpretation of measurements made with them. These predicted limitations are supported, in a general way, by recent experimental measurements; thus the present macroscopic analysis appears to define several major effects to be considered in subsquent, more detailed investigations.
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    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 571-577 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The use of the Chilton-Colburn analogy to obtain an effective film thickness over which the Stefan-Maxwell equations can be integrated was confirmed for binary mixtures and found applicable for ternary, quaternary, and presumably higher order mixtures under conditions of nonequimolal counterdiffusion in a differential convective flow system. A method of averaging binary diffusivities was developed for use in computing the Schmidt number in these multicomponent systems. It was also found necessary to modify the usual Sherwood number, if there was a large molecular weight change across the diffusion barrier when the Chilton-Colburn analogy was employed.
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    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 577-580 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This work is an experimental test of the Stefan-Maxwell equations as applied to cocurrent, steady state gaseous diffusion of two species through a stagnant third component. The Stefan capillary tube method was used to measure the diffusion rates. The use of constant evaporating binary liquid mixtures made possible boundary conditions that were invariant with time. Total molar losses were compared with the predictions of the theory to demonstrate the validity of the equations under conditions of a significant convective flux.
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    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 580-585 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A stochastic mixing model is developed for turbulent flow in homogeneous plug-flow reactors. The model is based on random coalescence and redispersion of fluid elements. Of special significance is its applicability when mixing and reaction rates are comparable, as well as when either rate dominates. The model's parameters may be determined by measuring conversion with instantaneous reactions. Experimental results reported by others are successfully simulated.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 88
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 586-589 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Using a thermodynamically consistent form of equation of state proposed by Foulkes, one can determine the virial coefficients of the pressure expansion from Joule-Thomson coefficient data. A modification of the method has been applied for nitrogen and ethane within the temperature range from 50°C. to the normal boiling point. Mixture rules are proposed that allow reproduction of experimental data on μ for nitrogen-ethane mixtures at pressures below the critical pressure of ethane.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 89
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 607-607 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 90
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    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 599-606 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Form, shear, and total drag have been studied in the 2,500 to 65,000 range of Reynolds number over a wide range of porosity by using the data of Thodos and co-workers. The effect of Reynolds number was found to be the -0.14 power for form drag, the -0.19 power for total drag, and the -0.5 and highe power for shear drag, so that the ratio of shear drag to total drag decreased from about 16% to less than 5% with increasing Reynolds numbers. For the 2,500 to 6,000 range of Reynolds number, experimental evidence supports the apparently analogous behavior between average shear drag and average heat flux. Limitations and related evidence of this behavior are also discussed. Methods are suggested for estimating drag ratios and coefficients by using the correlation of this work.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 91
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 608-611 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967) 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 626-626 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 94
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 626-831 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 627-627 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 663-669 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A correlations has been developed from considerations of single-phase flow behavior to predict pressure drop across packed beds for two-phase cocurrent flow. The correlation does no require one of the assumptions made in previous correlations, and thus it was not necessary to relate empirically any dimensionless groups through the use of experimental two-phase flow data. The only empiricism involved in the use of this correlation is that required in correlating single-phase pressure drops through packed beds, an art well developed in the literature. The correlation as developed here is at least as accurate as previous correlations in this area and may be more reliable when used for two-phase systems not previously studied experimentally.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Enhanced rates of mass transfer in aqueous systems were studied with an electrochemical technique. Detached turbulence promoters (cylinders supported away from the surface) were shown to cause increases in mass transfer in aqueous systems in a manner similar to that observed in gaseous system. As in air studies, peaks in the local rate of mass transfer were observed directly beneath the cylinders and a wake effect was observed downstream from the cylinders.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 682-688 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The stability of cylindrical jets in immiscible liquid systems is analyzed with the low velocity theory of Tomotika. For the first time the several limiting solutions in the literature are obtained from a general equation, so approximate restrictions on their applicability can be presented. These restrictions show that for many systems none of the limiting solutions is valid. Correlations applicable to all Newtonian liquid-liquid systems are presented for predicting the growth rate and wavelength of the most unstable disturbance.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 689-696 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experiments on mass transfer for fully developed flow in a pipe show that the eddy diffusivity for mass close to the wall is described by the functionality \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \frac{\varepsilon} {\nu} = g({y^+}) $$\end{document}The best interpretation of presently available data in a pipe and in an annulus is given by the following, more explicit relation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \frac{\varepsilon} {\nu} = 0.00032y^{+ 4} $$\end{document}The evidence for this latter relation is not as conclusive as one would like. Accurate measurements of concentration profiles close to a wall are needed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 697-702 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Single bubbles of carbon dioxide were formed in a fixed position surrounded by a thin conical film of water flowing at average film Reynolds numbers in the range of 40 to 300. Measurements of interphase mass transfer at 32°C. and various bubble pressures agreed with predicted values only for the smallest bubbles. For larger bubbles, mixing perpendicular to the bubble interface was enhanced by waves, believed to be generated by the unstable interface. A comparison of interphase transfer coefficients between this investigation and previous work indicated that the bubbles at the lowest flow rates qualitatively fell in line with other measurements, but that the highest water flow rates gave distinctly higher coefficients.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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