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  • 1995-1999  (247)
  • 1965-1969  (106)
  • 1996  (247)
  • 1968  (106)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (318)
  • Insulin
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bombyxin gene expression in tissues other than brain detected by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization (1996)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 882-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Insulin ; insulin-like growth factor ; Bombyx mori ; ovary ; neurosecretory peptide ; Oligotex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bombyxin is a 5 kDa insulin-related peptide produced in four pairs of medial neurosecretory cells in the brain of the silkmothBombyx mori. We demonstrate here the presence of bombyxin mRNA in tissues other than brain: ganglia, epidermis, testis, ovary, fat body, silk gland, Malpighian tubule, midgut, and hindgut of theBombyx fifth instar larvae. Bombyxin mRNA was detected by Oligotex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), a rapid and simple procedure of reverse transcription-PCR, and in situ hybridization. The Oligotex RT-PCR method effectively eliminated the contaminating DNA in RNA samples and amplified bombyxin mRNA efficiently. In situ hybridization of theBombyx ovary clearly demonstrated the localization of the bombyxin mRNA in the ovariole. The present study is the first demonstration of expression of brain neurosecretory peptide in tissues other than the central nervous system in insects at RNA level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01938875
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Loss of GLUT2 glucose transporter expression in pancreatic beta cells from diabetic Chinese hamsters (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 428 (1996), S. 177-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Diabetic Chinese hamster ; Pancreatic beta cell ; Immunocytochemistry ; Insulin ; GLUT2 glucose transporter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The diabetic Chinese hamster is a well-established animal model for NIDDM with a defective glucose-induced insulin secretory response. In the pancreas of nondiabetic hamsters, the GLUT2 glucose transporter was localized in the plasma membrane of insulin-positive beta cells. At variance with the rat, immunoreactivity was also detected in the cytoplasm. Other islet cell types were not GLUT2 positive. GLUT2 immunoreactivity was already significantly reduced in beta cells from mildly diabetic animals in spite of a normal insulin immunoreactivity. In severely diabetic animals the majority of the beta cells had lost GLUT2 immunostaining. This observation was confirmed in a Western blot analysis of the GLUT2 protein in isolated pancreatic islets. Only beta cells that were densely immunostained for insulin were still GLUT2 positive. However, around 40% of the beta cells devoid of GLUT2 immunoreactivity were still insulin immunoreactive. Thus, the loss of GLUT2 immunoreactivity, which is an important component of the glucose recognition apparatus of the pancreatic beta cell, is an early indicator of beta cell dysfunction before the development of degenerative lesions or the loss of insulin immunoreactivity. GLUT2 loss may be important in the deterioration of glucose-induced insulin secretion in the diabetic Chinese hamster.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00200660
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical analysis of the ontogeny, distribution and coexistence of 12 regulatory peptides and serotonin in endocrine cells and nerve fibers of the digestive tract of the turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (Teleostei) (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 195 (1996), S. 87-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Gastro-entero-endocrine cells ; Enteric nerve fibers ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; Somatostatin ; Pancreatic polypeptide ; Neuropeptide Y ; Insulin-like growth factor I ; Pancreastatin ; Neurotensin ; Substance P ; Gastrin ; Cholecystokinin ; Vasoactive intetinal polypeptide ; Serotonin ; Development ; Scophthalmus maximus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The ontogeny of endocrine cells and nerve fibers containing immunoreactivities for 12 regulatory peptides and serotonin was studied in the digestive tract of a flatfish, the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), using antisera specific for mammalian and teleostean hormones. Transient insulin-immunoreactive (-IR) endocrine cells were detected from day 5 to day 10 in stomach and intestine I. Somatostatin (SOM)-IR cells appeared at day 8 in the stomach anlage and intestine I. In contrast to the islet cells, they reacted with antisera against mammalian (m) SOM-14 and salmon (s) SOM-25. Infrequent nerve fibers reacting only with anti-mSOM-14 appeared around day 24. Thus, different forms of SOM seem to be present in the gastro-entero-pancreatic system and the enteric nervous system. Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-, salmon pancreatic polypeptide (sPP)- and mPP-immunoreactivities coexisted thoughout development. In entero-endocrine cells, NPY/PP-immunoreactivity was first observed at day 8 and around day 24 in enteric nerve fibers. Glucagon (GLUC)-IR entero-endocrine cells appeared at day 5. No coexistence of NPY/PP- and GLUC-immunoreactivities was observed. The first insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)-IR cells were identified around day 8. They seemed to contain none of the other peptides. Their number and distribution exhibited great interindividual differences. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-IR entero-endocrine cells appeared as late as around day 24. The first VIP-IR nerve fibers, however, were identified at day 5. Infrequent neurotensin (NT)-IR cells appeared along the intestine around day 10 and NT-IR nerve fibers at day 17. The first serotonin (SER)-IR cells were observed in the stomach anlage around day 10 and SER-IR nerve fibers at day 15 thoughout the gastro-intestinal tract. Gastrin (GAS)/cholecystokinin (CCK)-IR cells appeared around day 11 in stomach and intestine I. The first substance P (SP)-IR enteric nerve fibers were detected around day 8 and SP-IR endocrine cells at day 11. Pancreastatin (PST)-IR cells were identified in the stomach anlage and intestine I around day 8 and contained NT-, GAS/CCK- and SER-immunoreactivities in coexistence. Thus, several developmental phases can be distinguished: (1) at the onset of exogenous feeding only transient INS-IR cells and VIP-IR nerve fibers are present; (2) a differentiated entero-endocrine system establishes during the early phase of exogenous feeding; (3) before the final differentiation of stomach and gut GAS/CCK-IR cells appear; (4) after metamorphosis most of the different types of regulatory peptide-containing nerve fibers develop, probably setting up the fine regulation of gastro-intestinal blood flow and motility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050028
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GTPase activating protein activity for Rab4 is enriched in the plasma membrane of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Possible involvement in the regulation of Rab4 subcellular localization (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 899-906 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; small GTPases ; GLUT4 ; translocation ; adipocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The small guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP)ase Rab4 has been suggested to play a role in insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation. Under insulin stimulation, GLUT4 translocates to the plasma membranes, while Rab4 leaves the GLUT4-containing vesicles and becomes cytosolic. Rab proteins cycle between a GTP-bound active form and a guanosine 5′-diphosphate (GDP)-bound inactive form. The intrinsic GTPase activity of Rab proteins is low and the interconversion between the two forms is dependent on accessory factors. In the present work, we searched for a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for Rab4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We used a glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-Rab4 protein which possesses the properties of a small GTPase (ability to bind GDP and GTP and to hydrolyse GTP) and can be isolated in a rapid and efficient way. This GAP activity was observed in 3T3-L1 adipocyte lysates, and was able to accelerate the hydrolysis of the [α-32P]GTP bound to GST-Rab4 into [α-32P]GDP. This activity, tentatively called Rab4-GAP, was also present in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. The Rab4-GAP activity was present in total membrane fractions and nearly undetectable in cytosol. Following subcellular fractionation, Rab4-GAP was found to be enriched in plasma membranes when compared to internal microsomes. Insulin treatment of the cells had no effect on the total Rab4-GAP activity or on its subcellular localization. Taking our results together with the accepted model of Rab cycling in intracellular traffic, we propose that Rab4-GAP activity plays a role in the cycling between the GTP- and GDP-bound forms of Rab4, and thus possibly in the traffic of GLUT4-containing vesicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403908
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin-induced activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in Fao cells (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 515-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; insulin receptor substrate-1 ; phosphoinositide 3-kinase ; signal transduction ; phosphotyrosine ; enzyme activation ; conformational change ; Fao cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) plays a crucial role in insulin signal transduction. We studied the molecular mechanism of the insulin-induced activation of PI3-kinase in rat hepatoma Fao cells using an antibody against the 110-kDa catalytic subunit (p110) and two against the 85-kDa regulatory subunit (p85α). PI3-kinase activity increased 1.6-fold in anti-p85 immunoprecipitates after insulin stimulation, whereas it did not increase when cell lysates were first immunoprecipitated with anti-phosphotyrosine or anti-insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), then with anti-p85, suggesting that the PI3-kinase which associates with tyrosyl phosphoproteins including IRS-1 is responsible for the increase in kinase activity. The activated PI3-kinase molecules constituted 4–6% of the total PI3-kinase, and their specific activity was 11–14 times higher than that of the basal state. Anti-p110 recognized the catalytically active form of p110, and immunoprecipitated p110 only after exposure to insulin. Hence, the epitope of anti-p110, P200-C215, seems to be included in the portion of p110, the conformation of which is changed by insulin stimulation. We conclude that, in response to insulin stimulation, only a small fraction of p85 in the PI3-kinase pool associates with tyrosyl phosphoproteins including IRS-1, and that the specific activity of p110 is increased presumably through a conformational change including the P200-C215 region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403297
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endothelin-1 and insulin induce cellular inactivation of protein kinase FA/glycogen synthase kinase-3α in a common signaling pathway (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of biomedical science 3 (1996), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0127
    Keywords: Endothelin-1 ; Insulin ; Protein Kinase FA/GSK-3α ; MAP kinase signaling pathway ; Rat adipocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this study, we investigate the effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and insulin on the cellular activity of protein kinase FA/glycogen synthase kinase-3α (kinase FA/GSK-3α) in rat adipocytes. The cellular activity of kinase FA/GSK-3α is inhibited to ∼ 50% of control within 30 min when cells are treated with 1 nM ET-1 at 37°C; in addition, significant inhibition to ∼ 60% of control is observed at as low as 1 pM ET-1. Conversely, ET-1 at concentrations up to 1 nM has no direct effect on purified kinase FA/GSK-3α in vitro. Immunoblotting analysis further reveals that the protein level of this kinase is not significantly changed when treated with 1 nM ET-1 for 30 min. Similar to ET-1, insulin as low as 10 nM can also induce inactivation of kinase FA/GSK-3α to ∼ 50% of control in adipocytes when processed under identical conditions. Most importantly, when treated with both insulin and ET-1, the activity of kinase FA/GSK-3α can be decreased only to ∼ 50% of control. Taken together, the results provide initial evidence that ET-1 and insulin may regulate this important multisubstrate/multifunctional protein kinase in a common signaling pathway in cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02253707
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infusion of pH 2.0 d-chiro-inositol glycan insulin putative mediator normalizes plasma glucose in streptozotocin diabetic rats at a dose equivalent to insulin without inducing hypoglycaemia (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 731-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; mediator ; d-chiro-inositol ; euglycaemia ; manganese
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We compared the effects of infusing a chemically defined chiro-inositol glycan putative insulin mediator with an equivalent dose of insulin in low-dose (45 mg/kg) streptozotocin diabetic rats. Insulin decreased plasma glucose levels from 17.32±0.17 to 3.96±0.064 mmol/l (p〈0.0002) in 120 min, a decrease of 77.13%, while the putative mediator promoted a decrease in plasma glucose from 14.85±0.084 to 7.22±0.13 mmol/l (p〈0.007) in 60 min. The putative mediator maintained euglycaemia over the ensuing 60 min with a plasma glucose level of 7.01±0.10 mmol/l at 120 min. Thus, insulin further reduced the plasma glucose from euglycaemia at 60 min to produce hypoglycaemia at 120 min. The lack of production of hypoglycaemia by the putative mediator can be explained by its inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by the islet beta cells, thus providing a potential negative feedback regulatory mechanism; or by its selective action on muscle to increase glycogen synthesis. The significance of these results in terms of future directions in drug design is herein considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418546
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some thoughts on the importance of insulin in the regulation of the blood glucose level (1996)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 421-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Insulin ; fatty acids ; insulin-like growth factors ; Cori cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Insulin can influence rates of glucose utilization by muscle and possibly other tissues via both direct and indirect effects. It can control the rate of fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue and the rate of fatty acid oxidation in muscle, and the latter inhibits glucose utilization and oxidation. Insulin may influence the levels of insulin-like growth factors I and II, both of which have effects on rates of glucose utilization by muscle. The intertissue cycle between glucose and lactate — the Cori cycle, which is influenced by insulin — may provide another novel mechanism for control of blood glucose. How far other anti-insulin hormones affect these processes is not clear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01919310
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response to insulin and the expression pattern of a gene encoding an insulin receptor homologue suggest a role for an insulin-like molecule in regulating growth and patterning in Hydra (1996)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 206 (1996), S. 247-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Hydra ; Insulin ; Development ; Receptor ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A gene encoding a receptor protein-tyrosine kinase closely related to the vertebrate insulin receptor has been identified in the Cnidarian Hydra vulgaris. The gene is expressed in both epithelial layers of the adult polyp. A particularly high level of expression is seen in the ectoderm of the proximal portions of the tentacles and in a ring of ectodermal cells at the border between the foot basal disk and body column. The expression pattern of the gene in asexual buds is dynamic; expression is high throughout the newly emerging bud but the area of high expression becomes restricted to the apex as the bud lengthens. When the bud begins hypostome and tentacle formation, a high level of expression appears at the bases of the emerging tentacles. Finally, a ring of high expression appears just above the foot of the bud, completing the pattern seen in the adult polyp. The presence of this receptor and its pattern of expression suggested that an endogenous molecule related to insulin plays a role in regulating cell division in the body column and in differentiation of the tentacle and foot cells in Hydra, with the switch between the two being determined by the level of the receptor. Treatment of Hydra polyps with mammalian insulin caused an increase in the number of ectodermal and endodermal cells undergoing DNA synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050050
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations of receptor-mediated phagocytosis by hormone-induced (imprinted)Tetrahymena pyriformis (1996)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 769-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Insulin ; imprinting ; Tetrahymena ; phagocytosis ; insulin receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Receptor-mediated endocytosis byTetrahvmena pyriformis was studied using tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate-labeled concanavalin A (TRITC-Con A) with fluorescence and confocal microscopy. In the presence of insulin, or 24 h after insulin pretreatment (hormonal imprinting), the binding and uptake of TRITC-Con A increased when compared to controls, owing to the binding of TRITC-Con A to sugar oligomers of insulin recptors. Mannose inhibited the binding of Con A, thus demonstrating the specificity of binding. Histamine, a phagocytosis-promoting factor in mammals andTetrahymena, and galactose, did not influence the uptake of TRITC-Con A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01923987
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyperinsulinemia, hyperproinsulinemia and insulin resistance in the metabolic syndrome (1996)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 426-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Insulin ; proinsulin ; insulin resistance ; metabolic syndrome ; triglycerides ; free fatty acids ; fat intake ; galanin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract For better comprehension of the metabolic syndrome, it is necessary to differentiate the effect of insulin on glucose metabolism on the one hand, and on other metabolic activities on the other hand. Whereas glucose utilization is affected by insulin resistance, the effect of insulin on lipid metabolism, ion and aminoacid transport does not seem to be diminished. Lipid metabolism, however, seems to play a crucial role in the induction of the vicious cycle. Increased energy and fat ingestion may be due to an increased number of galanin secreting cells in the hypothalamus. The excessive fat intake results in an increased rate of release of insulin and increased influx of triglycerides into the blood. From these triglycerides an excess of free fatty acids is released by the action of lipoprotein lipase. The increased plasma free fatty acid level then results in insulin resistance affecting glucose metabolism. Also, these free fatty acids may impair the secretion of insulin. Induction of insulin resistance results in higher glucose levels, which may cause hyperinsulinemia. Hyperinsulinemia maintains the elevation of triglycerides. When diabetes becomes overt and elevated glucose levels prevail, the hyperinsulinism acts on the metabolic pathways which are still sensitive to insulin, namely lipid metabolism, aminoacid transport and ion transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01919311
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin increases histomorphometric indices of bone formation In vivo (1996)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 59 (1996), S. 492-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Insulin ; Osteoblasts ; In vivo ; Calvariae ; Histomorphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recent clinical studies have established that bone density is related to both fat mass and circulating insulin levels. A direct action of insulin on the osteoblast may contribute to these relationships. Osteoblast-like cells have insulin receptors, and insulin has been shown to stimulate proliferation of these cells in vitro. However, it has not been possible to study the effects of insulin administration on bone in vivo because of the metabolic effects of insulin, particularly hypoglycemia. A model involving the local injection of insulin over one hemicalvaria of an adult mouse overcomes these difficulties and permits the histomorphometric study of insulin's action on bone. Insulin or vehicle was injected daily for 5 days over the right hemicalvariae of adult mice, and the animals were sacrificed 1 week later. All indices of bone formation were significantly increased in imsulin-treated hemicalvariae compared with the noninjected hemicalvariae. There was a 2.73±0.50-fold increase in osteoid area (P=0.0005), a 2.20±0.37-fold increase in osteoblast surface (P=0.021) and a 2.04±0.29-fold increase in osteoblast number (P=0.021). Indices of bone resorption tended to decline and mineralized bone area tended to increase in insulin-treated animals. The direct action of insulin on bone may contribute to the increased bone density seen in obesity and to the osteopenia of type I diabets, conditions associated with insulin excess and deficiency, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369216
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of propionyl-l-carnitine and insulin on the electroretinogram, nerve conduction and nerve blood flow in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes (1996)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 431 (1996), S. 564-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Propionyl-l-carnitine ; Insulin ; Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat ; Motor nerve ; conduction velocity ; Sciatic nerve blood flow ; Electroretinogram ; Sorbitol ; myo-Inositol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of an analogue ofl-carnitine, propionyl-l-carnitine, on the electroretinogram, motor nerve conduction velocity and nerve blood flow was determined in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, and was compared with the effects of insulin alone or combined therapy. Oral administration of propionyl-l-carnitine (3 g/kg daily for 4 weeks) significantly increased caudal nerve motor conduction velocity and sciatic nerve blood flow in diabetic rats. There were no differences in the effects of insulin (8–10 U daily for 4 weeks), propionyl-l-carnitine and combined therapy. Although propionyl-l-carnitine significantly shortened the peak latency of the electroretinogram b-wave in diabetic rats, its effect was far weaker than that of insulin or combined therapy, with combined therapy producing the greatest improvement. These effects of propionyl-l-carnitine were accompanied by a decrease of serum lipid levels, an increase of the sciatic nerve carnitine content, and no changes of the tissue (nerve and retinal) sorbitol andmyo-inositol concentrations. In contrast, insulin significantly reduced the tissue sorbitol content and markedly increasedmyo-inositol. These findings suggest that propionyl-l-carnitine may improve diabetic neuropathy and retinopathy without influencing the polyol pathway, and that this beneficial effect may be mediated through the amelioration of microcirculation and tissue carnitine content, thus probably increasing fatty acid oxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02191904
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neonatal diabetes and intra-uterine growth retardation (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 156 (1996), S. 1-2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Neonatal diabetes mellitus ; Intra-uterine dystrophy ; Insulin ; Insulin-like growth factor␣I ; Fetal growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050540
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energetics of cyclodextrin-induced dissociation of insulin (1996)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 24 (1996), S. 354-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Cyclodextrin ; Insulin ; Dimer Dissociation ; Microcalorimetry ; Thermodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The energetics of dissociation of bovine insulin in aqueous solution have been investigated by sensitive dilution microcalorimetry. Cyclodextrins increase dissociation of insulin oligomers in a manner consistent with their interaction with protein side chains. For example, assuming monomer-dimer equilibrium, in the absence of cyclo-dextrins the calorimetric dilution data (25 °C, pH 2.5) indicate a dimer dissociation constant (Kdiss) of about 12 µM and an endothermic dissociation enthalpy (ΔHdiss) of +41 kJ mol−1. Addition of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (up to 200 mm) makes dissociation significantly more endothermic (ΔHdiss = 79 kJ mol−1) and reduces the apparent dimer dissociation constant by more than two orders of magnitude (Kdiss ≈ 1.7 mm). Qualitatively similar results are observed with α-cyclodextrin and other β-cyclodextrin derivatives. Cyclodextrin-induced insulin dissociation is also observed at pH 7.4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180377
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amiloride-blockable Ca2+-activated Na+-permeant channels in the fetal distal lung epithelium (1996)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 431 (1996), S. 748-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Benzamil ; Insulin ; Nonselective cation channel ; Na+ channel ; Alveolar cells ; Type II ; Single-channel recording
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Na+ transport function of alveolar epithelium represents an important mechanism for clearance of fluid in air space at birth. I observed the activity of two types of amiloride-blockable Na+-permeant cation channels in the apical membrane of fetal distal lung epithelium cultured on permeable filters for 2 days after harvesting of the cells from Wistar rats of 20 days' gestation (term = 22 days). One type was a nonselective cation (NSC) channel and had a linear current/voltage (I/V) relationship with a single-channel conductance of 26.9 ± 0.8 pS (n = 5). The other type was highly Na+ selective (i.e. Na+ channel) and had an inwardly rectifyingI/V relationship with a single-channel conductance of 11.8 ± 0.2 pS (n = 5) around resting membrane potential. The NSC channel was more frequently observed (1.37 ± 0.15 per patch membrane;n = 73) than the Na+ channel (0.15 ± 0.40 per patch membrane;n = 73). However, the open probability of the NSC channel was smaller than that of the Na+ channel. Both types of the channels were activated by cytosolic Ca2+, however the sensitivity to cytosolic Ca2+ was much higher in the Na+ channel than in the NSC channel. Furthermore, both types of the channels were blocked by amiloride or benzamil. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of amiloride or benzamil of the Na+ channel was 1–2 μM, while that of NSC channel was less than 1 μM. Both channels were activated by insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02253839
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of propionyl-L-carnitine and insulin on the electroretinogram, nerve conduction and nerve blood flow in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes (1996)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 431 (1996), S. 564-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Propionyl-L-carnitine ; Insulin ; Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat ; Motor nerve conduction velocity ; Sciatic nerve blood flow ; Electroretinogram ; Sorbitol ; myo-Inositol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of an analogue of L-carnitine, propionyl-L-carnitine, on the electroretinogram, motor nerve conduction velocity and nerve blood flow was determined in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, and was compared with the effects of insulin alone or combined therapy. Oral administration of propionyl-L-carnitine (3 g/kg daily for 4 weeks) significantly increased caudal nerve motor conduction velocity and sciatic nerve blood flow in diabetic rats. There were no differences in the effects of insulin (8–10 U daily for 4 weeks), propionyl-L-carnitine and combined therapy. Although propionyl-L-carnitine significantly shortened the peak latency of the electroretinogram b-wave in diabetic rats, its effect was far weaker than that of insulin or combined therapy, with combined therapy producing the greatest improvement. These effects of propionyl-L-carnitine were accompanied by a decrease of serum lipid levels, an increase of the sciatic nerve carnitine content, and no changes of the tissue (nerve and retinal) sorbitol and myo-inositol concentrations. In contrast, insulin significantly reduced the tissue sorbitol content and markedly increased myo-inositol. These findings suggest that propionyl-L-carnitine may improve diabetic neuropathy and retinopathy without influencing the polyol pathway, and that this beneficial effect may be mediated through the amelioration of microcirculation and tissue carnitine content, thus probably increasing fatty acid oxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050036
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of hormone-stimulated Na+ transport in a high-resistance clone of the MDCK cell line (1996)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 432 (1996), S. 685-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Aldosterone ; Insulin ; IGF1 ; ADH ; Vasopressin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line forms an epithelial monolayer which expresses many of the morphological and functional properties of the renal collecting duct. The C7 subclone of the parent line forms an epithelium which expresses many of the characteristics of principal cells. The MDCK-C7 subclone forms a high-resistance epithelium that is capable of vectorial ion transport. We have found that this epithelium responds to aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1) with increases in amiloride-sensitive Na+ transport. The responses to aldosterone and ADH follow time-courses that are consistent with the action of these hormones in vivo. This is the first demonstration of IGF1-induced Na+ reabsorption in a mammalian model system. Interestingly, a maximal response to any one of these natriferic factors does not inhibit a subsequent response to another hormone. These studies indicate that the C7 subclone retains many of the natriferic responses of the native principal cells and is an ideal model for studying hormonal modulation of Na+ transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050186
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amiloride-blockable Ca2+-activated Na+-permeant channels in the fetal distal lung epithelium (1996)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 431 (1996), S. 748-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Benzamil ; Insulin ; Nonselective cation channel ; Na+ channel ; Alveolar cells ; Type II ; Single-channel recording
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Na+ transport function of alveolar epithelium represents an important mechanism for clearance of fluid in air space at birth. I observed the activity of two types of amiloride-blockable Na+-permeant cation channels in the apical membrane of fetal distal lung epithelium cultured on permeable filters for 2 days after harvesting of the cells from Wistar rats of 20 days’ gestation (term = 22 days). One type was a nonselective cation (NSC) channel and had a linear current/voltage (I/V) relationship with a single-channel conductance of 26.9 ± 0.8 pS (n = 5). The other type was highly Na+ selective (i.e. Na+ channel) and had an inwardly rectifying I/V relationship with a single-channel conductance of 11.8 ± 0.2 pS (n = 5) around resting membrane potential. The NSC channel was more frequently observed (1.37 ± 0.15 per patch membrane; n = 73) than the Na+ channel (0.15 ± 0.40 per patch membrane; n = 73). However, the open probability of the NSC channel was smaller than that of the Na+ channel. Both types of the channels were activated by cytosolic Ca2+, however the sensitivity to cytosolic Ca2+ was much higher in the Na+ channel than in the NSC channel. Furthermore, both types of the channels were blocked by amiloride or benzamil. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of amiloride or benzamil of the Na+ channel was 1–2 μM, while that of NSC channel was less than 1 μM. Both channels were activated by insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050061
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples by Micellar liquid chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ; Liquid chromatography ; Alcohols ; Micelles ; Enviromental samples ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method for the separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by high-performance liquid chromatography using a hybrid micellar mobile phase is described. The detection of PAHs was carried out using the fluorescence method with programmable excitation and emission wavelength. The method is applied to the analysis of several environmental samples (sea water, sediments, limpets, sea worms) and several of these compounds are quantitated at concentration below 70 ng L-1(kg-1) in the original samples.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190210
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of twenty-one naphthalene sulfonates by means of capillary electrophoresis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Micellear electrokinetic chromatography ; Organic modifiers ; Naphthalene sulfonates ; Surface water ; Thermostatting ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The production and use of naphthalene sulfonates can easily cause pollution of surface and other types of waters. In the present study, capillary electrophoresis in combination with UV absorption detection was used to separate 21 amino- and hydroxy-substituted naphthalene sulfonates which included multiple isomeric compounds. The influence of various parameters such as pH (which turned out to be extremely important), temperature of the surrounding air flow, and the use of buffer additives (micelles, cyclodextrins, organic modifiers) was studied. Complete separation of all analytes including the isomers, was achieved in two runs with a 50 mM boric acid/borate buffer, containing either 100 mM sodium dodecylsulfonate or 15% acetonitrile. The limits of detection obtained for the individual compounds typically were 20μgI-1. River water samples spiked at this concentration level could be analysed using a simple three-step sample clean-up procedure.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190208
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on cryogenic trapping of solutes during chromatographic elution in capillary gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 403-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Cryogenic trapping ; Capillary ; Focusing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cryogenic trapping of solutes leads to narrowing of the chromatographic band. By placing the trap at the end of a capillary column, it is possible to study the effectiveness of the trap in terms of producing a sharpened elution profile. The trap may be heated by supplementary heating, but here convective heating from the GC oven is employed simply by turning off the cryogenic coolant. It is estimated that it takes about 50 s for the trap to heat up sufficiently to allow trapped solute to be remobilized, although this depends upon the oven temperature and thermal mass of the trap. It can also be shown that the more volatile solutes mobilize faster from the trap in this particular mode of operation. The recovery of trapped components shows that there is essentially quantitative trapping, and the solutes are trapped just at the leading edge of the trap.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190708
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary electrophoresis determination of six bioactive constituents in San-huang-hsieh-hsin-tang (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 409-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Micellar electrokinetic chromatography ; Rhei Rhizoma ; Scutellariae Radix ; Coptidis Rhizoma ; Bioactive constituents determination ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A capillary electrophoretic method for simultaneous determination of six bioactive ingredients (berberine, palmatine, baicalin, sennoside B, emodin, and sennoside A) in the Chinse herbal formula San-huang-hsieh-hsin-tang was established. A carrier composed of aqueous buffer solution (50 mM sodium cholate, 15 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and 4.25 mM sodium borate)-acetonitrile (3:2) was found to be the most suitable electrolyte for this separation. Contents of these constituents in a non-pretreated methanol-water extract of San-huang-hsieh-hsin-tang sample could be easily determined within 20 min. The effects of borate, cholate, and organic modifier (acetonitrile) concentration of the carrier on the migration behavior of the solutes were also studied.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190709
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatography calendar (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 418-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190712
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shifting of gas chromatographic retention times due to solvent effects  -  a study using sulfur chemiluminescence detection (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 485-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Qualitative analysis ; Quantitative analysis ; Retention indices ; Retention times ; Solvent effect ; Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detection (SCD) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gas chromatrography (GC) with sulfur chemiluminescence detection (SCD) is an outstanding combination for selectively determining trace concentrations of sulfur compounds in hydrocarbon samples. GC peaks can be identified by retention times when reproducible, automated injection techniques are used. However, as described in this work, analysts should be on the look out for retention shifting due to solvent effects from sample components. Three examples of retention shifting are presented: (1) thiophene by benzene; (2) methylthiophenes by toluene; and (3) dibenzothiophene by gas oil. Depending on samples and analysis conditions, retention shifts from a few hundredths to 1.5 min have been observed. Such retention shifts are likely to cause errors in peak identifications. Therefore, when using SCD, simultaneous FID monitoring is recommended as an aid in evaluating chromatograms for possible retention shifting due to solvent effects.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190903
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of naturally occurring α-acetotriacylglycerides by gas chromatography  -  chemical ionization mass spectrometry (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 497-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: α-Monoacetotriacylglycerides ; Celastraceae ; Fatty acids ; GLC ; GLC-(NCI)MS ; Maytenus seed oils ; OV-225-OH, OH-terminated ; SOP-50, methoxy-terminated ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The seed oils of three Maytenus species have been examined by high temperature GLC using SOP-50 (methoxy-terminated) and OV-225-OH (OH-terminated) glasscapillary columns. The main compounds (71-76%) could be identified as α-mono-acetotriacylglycerols by a combination of high temperature GLC-MS in negative chemical ionization mode with a CH4/N2O mixture as reactant gas and other spectroscopical methods (infrared, 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy). The OV-225-OH phase demonstrated better separation properties that the SOP-50 phase for this substance class and up to eight species of α-monoacetotriacylglycerols could be separated. The content of usual triacyclglycerols was below 1%. The results of the analysis of the individual fatty acids as their methyl esters by GC and GC-MS are also presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190905
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of whey proteins in hydrophobic interaction chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 521-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: LSS model ; Whey proteins ; HIC of proteins ; Circular dichroism ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190910
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of liquid chromatography packings in high pressure gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 527-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High pressure gas chromatography ; Stationary phases ; Hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190911
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191201
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enantiomeric separation of acidic drugs by capillary electrophoresis using a combination of charged and uncharged β-cyclodextrins as chiral selectors (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 669-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Enantiomeric separations ; Acidic compounds ; Neutral β-cyclodextrins ; Sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High resolution could be achieved for the enantiomers of acidic drugs, namely, sulindac, fenoprofen, ketoprofen, warfarin, and hexobarbital, in a buffer of pH 3 by the simultaneous addition of uncharged and charged β-cyclodextrin derivatives. The interaction of the analytes with the anionic sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin provides the analytes with an adequate electrophoretic mobility whereas the interaction with various neutral β-cyclodextrins generates high enantioselectivity. Five neutral cyclodextrins, the native β-cyclodextrin, as well as methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl- and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, were tested to enhance the enantioselectivity of the electrophoretic system. High resolution values and the shortest analysis times for the five drugs tested were achieved in a buffer made of 100 mM phosphoric acid adjusted to pH 3 with triethanolamine and containing dimethyl- or trimethyl-β-cyclodextrin in addition to sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191203
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complete PCB congener distributions for 17 aroclor mixtures determined by 3 HRGC systems optimized for comprehensive, quantitative, congener-specific analysis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 657-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chlorobiphenyl congeners ; Aroclors ; DB-XLB phase ; HP-5/HT-5 serial coupled phases ; GC-ECD ; GC-MS-SIM ; GC-Ion Trap MS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three HRGC systems (1: 30m DB-XLB capillary with MS-SIM detection; 2: 60m DB-XLB capillary with full-scan, ion-trap MS detection; and 3: Parallel dual-column DB-17 and series-coupled HP5/HT5 with ECD detection) were used to completely characterize multiple lots of 8 different-numbered Aroclor mixtures by quantitative calibration against 9 solutions containing primary standards of all 209 PCB congeners. Despite lower absolute sensitivity and more Aroclor congener coelutions than the dual-column ECD system, the MS systems enabled measurement of more congeners per Aroclor since their greater linear response range did not require dilution of samples and standards. Pairs of different lots of Aroclors 1248 and 1254 displayed markedly different proportions of congeners, and the 1254 pair displayed strong differences in the extent of ortho-chlorine substitution. The tables of congener weight percent distributions among Aroclors are more comprehensive and quantitatively precise than those of prior publications. However, the limitations of single-level calibration precluded measurement of all congeners to the ±10% accuracy desirable for establishing these Aroclors as secondary standards for comprehensive, quantitative congener-specific PCB analysis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191202
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High performance fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric detection for capillary electrophoresis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 617-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Mass spectrometry ; Electrospray ionization ; Fourier transform ion cyclotron ; Resonance ; Biomolecule analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We describe the current state of the on-line combination of capillary electrophoresis (CE) electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS), and discuss aspects of the FTICR technique relevant to its use as a detection scheme for on-line separations. Aspects including sensitivity, mass resolution, duty cycle, and tandem mass spectrometric capabilities are discussed in the context of online separations with examples from the authors' laboratory.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191105
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of HPLC to the study of the defense mechanisms acting in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) roots on infection with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 706-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC of phenols ; Dianthus caryophyllus ; Carnation vascular wilt ; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi ; Root phenolic compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191213
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isomeric composition of the ester fraction from epicuticular waxes of Festuca arundinacea Schreb (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Wax esters ; Festuca arundinacea ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ester portion of epicuticular waxes of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is composed of mixtures of homologous series of fatty acids esterfied with fatty alcohols. GC analyses of natural esters gave rise to the separation of several compounds of different chain length. To identify and quantify individual components in the mixture, GC/MS analyses were carried out, and the mass spectra of each peak were recorded and analyzed for characteristic ions. This approach permitted a comparison with data obtained from classical methods using GC analysis of acid and alcohol moieties obtained by hydrolysis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190108
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  • 35
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    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous capillary GC of acids and sugars as their silyl(oxime) derivatives: Quantitation of chlorogenic acid, raffinose, and pectin substances (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 54-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Optimization of GC conditions ; Sugar analysis ; Acid analysis ; Chlorogenic acid ; Raffinose ; Pectin decomposition products ; Galacturonic acid ; Arabinose ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Our GC-MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of sugars and acids as their silyl(oxime) derivatives, from one solution by one injection, has been extended to the reproducible determination of high molecular weight compounds sensitive to decomposition yet requiring a high evaporation temperature (e.g. chlorogenic acid and rffinose) and for the quantitation of the decomposition products of pectin (i.e., for the determination of galacturonic acid at low ng levels in the presence of a 10-100 fold excess of glucose eluting just before the acid). The optimized GC procedure has been used for quantitation of the sugar and acid (including chlorogenic acid) composition of potato samples, and for the determination of the increasing amount of the decomposition products of pectin substances in apple pulp after different storage times.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190110
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatography calendar (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 66-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190114
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190101
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary gas chromatographic evaluation of trans-fatty acid content of food produced under the traditional conditions of semi-industrial frying (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 180-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: trans-Fatty acids ; Semi-industrial frying ; Capillary GC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190313
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of chelating agents in Hanford tank waste simulant by capillary zone electrophoresis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chelating agents ; Complexation ; Capillary zone electrophoresis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A capillary electrophoretic method has been developed which achieves rapid quantitative separation and determination of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, ethylenediaminediacetic acid, and nitrilotriacetic acid in Hanford tank waste simulant (TWS). Direct UV detection of Cu2+/chelator complexes is used to achieve enhanced sensitivity. The qualitative and quantitative reliability of the method and the quality of separations, as given by efficiency and resolution, is presented. In addition, the limits of detection and linearity of detector response with concentration are given for each chelator. The selection of Cu as the UV-absorbing species over other transition metals present in the waste is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190402
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  • 40
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    Dimethylbenzothiophenes and methyldibenzothiophenes in crude oils from different sourcesPolycyclic Aromatic Sulfur Heterocycles, V. (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles ; Crude oil ; Oil maturity ; Fingerprinting ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is presented for the identification and quantification of C2-substituted benzothiophenes in crude oil. The method will enable analysis of the pattern of these compounds, for example as a basis for differentiating crude oils from one another (fingerprinting) and for investigation of their suitability as indicators of oil maturity. Here results are reported for five crudes from Iraq, Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, the former Soviet Union, and the North Sea. The aromatic fraction of the crudes was oxidized and the dioxides of the heterocycles separated according to the number of carbon atoms in the side chains. The final separation was by capillary GC with atomic emission or flame ionization detection. A fluorinated analog was synthesized and used as internal standard. The concentrations of 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,7-, and 3,7-dimethylbenzothiophene ranged between 11 and 272 ppm. Three other dimethylated benzothiophenes present in lower amounts were also identified.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190109
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    Development and evaluation of an interface for coupled capillary supercritical fluid chromatography/magnetic sector mass spectrometry. Application to thermally unstable and high molecular mass compounds (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary Supercritical Fluid Chromatography ; Mass Spectrometry ; SFC-MS ; On-line combination ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An interface for coupling supercritical fluid chromatography to a magnetic sector mass spectrometer was developed and evaluated. The interface is based on direct introduction of the mobile phase, carbon dioxide, into the ion-source of the mass spectrometer. The SFC-MS system was optimized with respect to the signal-to-noise ratio. Under optimized conditions, the estimated detection limit for n-pentadecane is approximately 30 ppm. Spectra obtained in the electron-impact ionization mode show a very good similarity with library spectra. The performance of the SFC-MS system was evaluated by the analysis of a number of test mixtures. A sample containing several low molecular mass, thermally unstable compounds, which could neither be analyzed by GC-MS nor by LC-MS, was analyzed. Also for the analysis of high molecular mass compounds, the coupled system showed a good performance.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190103
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    A water trap for static cryo-headspace gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The headspace gas in static headspace gas chromatography contains mostly saturated water vapor. In the case of the cryofocusing enrichment technique this may cause baseline distortion in the early part of the chromatogram or may even lead to ice-plugging of the capillary column. A water-trap is described in which the water vapor is removed from the headspace gas before entering the cryo-trap. The water trap is packed with lithium chloride on a porous support and is regenerated after each analysis by heating under backflush conditions. It therefore can be used for automatic operation. Data are given for the precision and accuracy, and some practical examples, for environmental and flavor analysis are shown.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190107
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    Retention of alcohols in steam chromatography using CaCl2—H2O salt as stationary phase (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 59-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Steam chromatography ; Salt-water stationary phases ; Retention of alcohols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190111
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    Residues of chlorinated pesticides in eggs of the gray heron (Ardea cinerea L.): Contribution of capillary gas chromatography ion-trap mass detection (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 62-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometry ; Pesticide residue analysis ; Eggs ; Ardea cinera ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190112
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    Troubleshooting in the separation sciences (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 65-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190113
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    Editorial (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. iii 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190202
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    Identification of pesticide residues in real matrices by combining retention indices and specific multidetection responses (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 80-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Specific detectors ; ECD/FPD response ratios ; Retention indices ; Identification on real samples ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A previous paper reported the possibility of using the ratio between the responses of two different specific detectors to a single compound (detector response ratio, DRR) as an identification criterion for that compound, in combination with its retention index.This article gives some applications of DRR in the identification of some pesticides in four different fruits (apples, apricots, strawberries, and peaches) in a range varying from 0.02 to 1.3 ppm, by means of their ECD/FPD DRRs. After clean-up GC analyses were performed on a single column with dual parallel detection; a personal computer system was used for data analysis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190204
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    Thermal treatment for immobilization of chiral polysiloxanes in capillary gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 91-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chiral selector anchored to polysiloxane ; Chiral phase capillary GC ; Immobilization ; Thermal treatment ; High enantioselectivity ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chiral selector L-t-leucine-t-butylamide has been anchored to a polysiloxane by nucleophilic displacement of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ester-functionalized block polysiloxanes with L-t-leucine-t-butylamide. Attempts were made to immobilize the chiral polysiloxanes inside the capillaries by thermal treatment at 300°C for 30-90 min. The polysiloxanes were found to be more resistant than Chirasil-Val to the racemization caused by such high temperature treatment. Capillary columns coated with this type of immobilized polysiloxane have shown very high enantioselectivity and thermal stability.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190206
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    Troubleshooting in the separation sciences (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 284-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190509
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  • 50
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    A four factor simplex optimization of a serially coupled open tublar columns gas chromatographic system (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 277-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Coupled columns ; Four factor optimization ; Simplex method ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Optimization of a gas chromatographic system with two capillary columns coupled in series in a single oven for the linear temperature programmed separation of a mixture of C1—C10 hydrocarbons has been carried out using the simplex optimization method. The following four selectivity parameters were optimized: the initial temperature of the oven; the initial hold time; the temperature programmed rate; and the pressure at the mid-point of the system. The optimization procedure was monitored by the Cp criterion.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190508
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    Membrane preconcentration-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (mPC-CE-MS) analysis of 3-phenylamino-1,2-propanediol (PAP) metabolites (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 291-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry ; Membrane preconcentration ; Capillary electrophoresis ; Sulfonated membrane ; Polar drug metabolites ; Toxic oil syndrome ; Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome ; 3-Phenylamino-1,2-propanediol ; 3-Phenylamino-L-alanine ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190511
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    Chromatography calendar (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. VII 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190514
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    Comparative headspace analysis of fresh red coffee berries from different cultivated varieties of coffee trees (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 298-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Dynamic head space ; Coffee berry ; Identification ; Hypothenemus hampei ; Plant-insect relationship ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190513
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    The advantage of dual-column approach and retention indices combined with refined reporting in gas chromatographic drug screening (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 313-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Drug screening ; Retention index ; Reporting ; Mean list length ; Blood analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A dual-column gas chromatographic retention index method was evaluated for the toxicological screening for basic drugs in autopsy blood samples. The dual-column approach with DB-5 and DB-1701 capillary columns doubles the Identification Power of the corresponding single column methods. The long-term intralaboratory variation of the dialkylfluoroaniline series based retention indices of drugs in blood ranged from 0.03% to 0.2% which was generally better than that obtained using the relative retention time. Novel software is described for the processing and reporting of the dual-column chromatographic data in analytically useful form. Besides retention data, the response factors served as an additional identification factor.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190603
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    HRGC separation performance evaluation by a simplified fourier analysis approach (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 327-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Separation performance ; Fourier analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple procedure is presented for determining separation performance of HRGC analysis of multicomponent mixtures. The procedure is based on the computation of Autocovariance Function (EACVF) from the digitized experimental chromatogram. Graphic inspection of the EACVF plot permits easy computation of the width value of the single component peak, σ; from the EACVF value at t=O the number of component in the mixture, m, can be simply derived. From these two basic quantities all the other chromatographic performance attributes can be calculated. The consistency of the procedure is tested for different chromatograms and compared with the more complex EACVF fitting method. Several features of the multicomponent chromatogram, overloading effects included, are directly detected.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190605
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    Trace analysis of semi-volatile organic air pollutants using thick film silicone rubber traps with capillary gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 339-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Trace gas analysis ; Multichannel thick film silicone rubber traps ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Established standard methods for analyzing semi-volatile pollutants by capillary gas chromatography are cumbersome, time-consuming, and expensive. With the longer term aim of replacing the sample preparation procedures with convenient concertrating and thermal desorption steps, thick film silicone rubber traps were constructed in a novel multi-channel configuration. Tests were performed to determine breakthrough volumes and thermal desorption characteristics for total transfer of the trap contents to a capillary column. Initial results are very promising.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190607
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  • 57
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    Performance and characteristics of a trace gas analyzer for the determination of volatile organic compounds in air (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 333-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Adsorptive enrichment/thermal desorption ; Microtrap ; VOC and PVOC analysis ; Humid air sample analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An instrument has been developed and tested for the continuous measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in air. The system consists of a gas chromatograph equipped with a dedicated sampling device that allows the sample to be transferred to a cooled microtrap via sampling loops (10, 100, 250 ml) or via a direct pump transfer to the trap. The microtrap is placed in the chromatographic oven just below a modified split-splitless injector, allowing direct liquid injection for calibration of the system; the injector is in communication with the sampling valve equipped with the loop and the sampling pump. The system allows 24-hour sampling and analysis of a large number of VOC (up to 25 individual hydrocarbons ranging from C2—C9) and also polar volatile organic compounds PVOC. Thanks to the particular trap geometry, a minimum consumption of liquid nitrogen (between 150—300 ml) is needed for each analytical run and no water managing system is normally required for humid air samples.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190606
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    HRGC/FID/NPD and HRGGC/MSD study of Colombian ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata) oils obtained by different extraction techniques (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 353-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Essential oil analysis ; Ylang-ylang oil ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Steam distillation (SD), simultaneous distillation-solvent extraction (SDE), and supercritical (CO2) extraction (SFE) were used to isolate volatile secondary metabolites from fresh, totally mature flowers of Colombian ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata). The various extracts were analyzed by capillary chromatography (DB-1, DBWAX, 60 m columns) using FID, NPD or MSD (EI, 70 eV). Kováts indexes, mass spectra, or standard substances were employed for compound identification. 51, 70, and 73 compounds at concentrations above 100 ppb were detected in the SD, SDE, and SFE extracts, respectively. The main constituents of these extracts were linalool (20.7, 28.0, and 16.5%), germacrene-D (10.1, 3.1, and 20.3%) benzyl benzoate (14.1, 2.9, and 3.9%), benzyl acetate (9.6, 17.0, and 6.2%), caryophyllene (3.1, 2.9, and 3.9%), and p-methylanisole (6.8, 6.1, and 2.7%). 85% of the composition of SDE extracts was represented by oxygenated compounds. Heavy hydrocarbons (Cn 〉20) and fatty acids were found only in the SFE extracts, which also had a higher content of nitrogenated compounds (phenylacetonitrile, 4-methylbenzaldoxime, indole, 2-phenyl-nitroethane, and methyl anthranilate) and sesquiterpenes (43% vs 19.5% in SD and 8.1% in SDE) and 1.5 - 2 times lower concentration of monoterpenes and light oxygenated compounds than the SD (49.7%) and SDE (64.5%) extracts.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190609
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    Determination of triclosan in human dental plaque by gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 359-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Atomic emission detection ; Triclosan ; Dental plaque ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A validated gas chromatographic method for the determination of triclosan in human dental plaque is described. Based on plaque sample weights of 10 mg, the limit of detection (2 × S/N) is 0.5 μg/g. The method is linear (r = 0.9986) from the limit of detection to 50 μg/g. Recoveries from placebos spiked with 2.0, 25, and 50 μg/g of triclosan were 105.6%±7.5%, 107.2%±3.1%, and 99.1%±1.1%, respectively (n = 3 at each level). Twenty replicate preparations and analyses of a homogenized sample, conducted by two operators over the course of 4 days, showed agreement to within 9% RSD. Analyses of dental plaque collected from patients after brushing with dental cream containing triclosan, shows triclosan to be retained in dental plaque at concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (1 μg/g) after 12 h.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190610
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    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190701
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    Editorial (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 371-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190702
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    The use of predicted boiling points for the identification of halobenzenes and substituted phenols in capillary gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 377-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary chromatography ; Boiling points prediction ; Identification ; Chlorobenzenes ; Phenols ; Programmed temperature ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantitative correlations between physicochemical parameters and structure of various solutes and their gas chromatographic behavior were investigated in order to predict the retention values. The identification of unknown samples in gas chromatographic routine analysis of environmental samples is enhanced by the use of these correlations in conjuction with other chromatographic methods and with mass spectrometry. The boiling points of many compounds are easily found in literature and therefore their correlation with retention values obtained in isothermal or programmed temperature analysis permit restriction of the choice of names of unknown compound to within a narrow range. The correlation between the boiling points and the retention times of chloro- and bromo-benzenes and of some chloro- and nitro- substituted phenols was investigated on non-polar capillary columns and permitted the tentative identification of many compounds belonging to these homologous series.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190704
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    Gas chromatographic determination of some glycol ethers and glycol ether acetates by FID, O-FID, and MS detection. Preliminary applications in simultaneous monitoring of these chemicals in biological matrices (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 383-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; FID, O-FID, and MS detection ; Glycol ethers and glycol ether acetates ; Heptafluorobutyryl derivatives ; Mass spectra ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Twelve compounds, commonly used as industrial solvents and belonging to the chemical class of glycol ethers and glycol ether acetates, were investigated. Several analytical conditions, applied to single or connected capillary columns of different length and polarity coating and connected to FID, O-FID and MS detection systems, were assayed. Tests on heptafluorobutyryl derivatives were also attempted to improve the analytical sensitivity. The aims were to establish gas chromatographic methods suitable for analysis of reference standard compounds and to verify their applicability to biological matrix analysis for pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies, since these chemicals have been shown to be hazardous in laboratory animals and are presumed to be dangerous in man.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190705
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    On-line HPLC-HRGC coupling and simultaneous transfer of two different LC fractions: Determination of aliphatic alcohols and sterols in olive oil (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 444-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: LC-GC coupling ; Loop-type interface ; Alcohols ; Sterols ; Olive oil ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A modified loop-type interface is decribed which uses two 6-way valves and concurrent eluent evaporation to perform an on-line transfer and simultaneous gas chromatographic analysis of two different fractions pre-separated by liquid chromatography. The interface is used to simultaneously analyze aliphatic alcohols and sterols present in olive oil. LC pre-separation is carried out using a normal phase column (20 cm × 0.21 cm i.d.) and hexane-isopropanol (99:1) as a mobile phase at a flow of 0.2 ml/min; for the GC analysis a 5 % phenyl, 95 % dimethyl siloxane (25 m × 0.32 mm i.d., 0.4 μm film thickness) column is used.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190805
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    In memoriam - Emanuel Gil-Av (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 462-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190808
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    Frederick Conference Capillary Electrophoresis Award to Barry Karger (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 463-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190809
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    Pressure drop effects on selectivity and resolution in packed column supercritical fluid chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 449-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) ; Packed columns ; Pressure drop ; Selectivity ; Resolution ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The influence of pressure drop on retention, selectivity, plate height and resolution was investigated systematically in packed supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) using pure carbon dioxide as the mobile phase. Numerical methods developed previously which enabled the prediction of pressure gradients, diffusivities, capacity factors, plate heights and resolutions along the length of the column were used for the model calculations. The effects of inlet pressure and supercritical fluid flow rate on selectivity and resolution are studied. In packed column SFC with pure carbon dioxide as the mobile phase, the pressure drop can have a significant effect on resolution. The flow rate is shown to have a larger effect than generally realized. The calculated data are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results. Finally, the variation of the chromatographic parameters along a 5.5 meter long model SFC column is illustrated. The possibilities and limitations of using long packed columns in SFC are discussed. It is demonstrated that long columns with large plate numbers do not necessarily yield better separations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190806
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    Troubleshooting in the separation sciences (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 464-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190810
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    Ultratrace determination of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in waste water by purge and trap/gas chromatography coupled to different detectors: Flame ionization (FID), electron capture (ECD), and multiple ion detection-mass spectrometry (MID-MS) (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 457-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Purge and trap extraction ; 1,2,4-TCB ; Environmental analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) coupled to a “purge and trap” extraction-injection technique is described as a method of determining 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in water at levels as low as parts-per-trillion (ppt). In order to investigate the interference from other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) several detection systems were compared: flame ionization, electron capture, and mass spectrometry-multiple ion detection. Concentrations ranging from 15 to 600 ng/L were analyzed in 20 ml standard aqueous solutions. The mean accuracy of the method varied from 89 to 103%, and its mean precision varied from ± 0.85 to ± 7.5 % for all detectors. The detection limits were 20 ng/L for FID, 2 ng/L for ECD and 0.5 ng/L for MID-MS detectors. The procedure was successfully applied to the analysis of industrial waste waters. The necessity of an appropriate internal standard to improve the quantitative determination and to determine possible losses or degradation of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene during handling or storage is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190807
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    Determination of chlorobenzenes in water by microextraction and GC/MS (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 469-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Microextration ; GC/MS ; Chlorobenzenes ; Water samples ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190812
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    An investigation of supercritical fluid extraction of trenbolone from beef (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 465-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) ; Beef ; Anabolic steroids, synthetic ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190811
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    Chromatography calendar (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. vii 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190816
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  • 73
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    Chiral separation of methoxamine and lobeline using cyclodextrin as buffer additives in capillary zone electrophoresis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 478-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary zone electrophoresis ; Chiral separation ; Cyclodextrins ; Methoxamine ; Lobeline ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190815
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  • 74
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    A modified inlet system for high speed gas chromatography using inert metal tubing with a carbon dioxide cooled cryotrap (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 492-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High - speed capillary GC ; Carbon dioxide cryotrap ; Deactivated metal tubing ; Thermal decomposition ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ten different metal tubings were investigated for thermal decomposition of analytes when used as the trap tube in a cryotrap/thermodesorption inlet system. No noticeable sample decomposition of hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons and a brominated hydrocarbon was observed for six of the tubings with hydrogen as the carrier gas. This observation may be partly attributed to the developed deactivation techniques that produce inert metal tubings that are being widely adopted by many column manufacturers, the different trap materials used in comparison to previous studies and the decreased sample residence time in the hot trap tube. A cryotrap using carbon dioxide was constructed and tested as a alternative to the previously used liquid nitrogen based systems. This cryotrap was able to trap compounds with a boiling point of 80°C.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190904
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    Enantiomer separation of amino acids as their N-alkyloxycarbonyl alkylamide derivatives by chiral phase capillary GC (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 511-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Enantiomer separation ; Amino acids ; N-Alkyloxycarbonyl alkylamide derivatives ; Nucleophilic substitution ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The enantiomers of amino acids were first converted into N-alkyloxycarbonyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl esters, and then into N-alkyloxycarbonyl alkylamides by nucleophilic substitution of the ester group with amines. The first reaction proceeds instantaneously, while the second substitution occurs smoothly with n-propylamine and isobutylamine. The final derivatives were produced for separation on a capillary column coated with Chirasil-Val by GC. Pro, which is difficult to separate completely as its N-perfluoroacyl alkyl ester derivative, showed complete separation of the enantiomeric pair. All amino acids examined in this study showed an increased separation factor.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190907
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    HPLC separation of the major constituents in Paeoniae Radix (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 530-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High-performance liquid chromatography ; Paeoniae Radix ; Peony constituent separation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190912
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  • 77
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    Effect of high temperature in determination of the mathematical dead time and the constants of the n-alkane retention time curve in gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 543-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; High temperature ; Dead time ; Constants of the n-alkane retention time curve ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In gas liquid chromatography, the column dead time and the constants of the n-alkane retention time curve are calculated by the multiparametric least-squares regression iterative method at high temperature between 180 and 270°C. The method was applied to two types of columns. The first group includes eight packed columns (seven OV polymethylphenylsiloxane and Apolane-87), while the second includes five glass capillary columns (four methylsilicone with different film thicknesses and Apolane-87). The calculated tM and b values were compared with those obtained by Guardino's, Grobler's, and Kaiser's methods. The influences of coating thickness and temperature thereon were investigated.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191003
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    Fast chiral separation by microbore SFC on the 3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate derivative of cellulose (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 569-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Microbore SFC ; Chiral separation ; 3,5-Dimethylphenyl carbamate derivative of cellulose ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191007
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    Solid phase extraction of halogenated pesticides from ground and surface waters and their determination by capillary gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 559-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Pesticide residue analysis ; Solid phase extraction ; Ground water ; Surface water ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A critical study of a solid phase extraction method using C18 SPE columns for the determination of 23 halogenated pesticides is presented. Type of sorbent, sorbent mass, flow rate in the extraction process, sample concentration of the different compounds, sample volume, pH, ionic strength and type of water were evaluated. Recoveries of pesticides under study yield a linear relationship, except for conazole fungicides and captan. Losses can be expected for heptachlor, aldrin, and captan. Sample volume and flow rate of extraction affect recoveries. Matrix effects from surface and groundwaters were observed. Recoveries for vinelozolin and dieldrin from groundwater were lower than those obtained from nanopure water. In river water losses of these compounds are higher. Captan and penconazole were not present and high losses were obtained for trifluralin, α-BHC, γ-BHC, tri-allate and chlorpyriphos. Impurities arising from the sorbent materials of cartridges have been detected.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191005
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    High temperature (70°C) size exclusion chromatography of petroleum waxes with RI and FID detection (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 549-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Size exclusion chromatography ; Petroleum waxes ; Flame ionization detector ; Refractive index detector ; Molecular weight distribution ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular weight distribution of solid petroleum waxes is a key parameter for the general characterization of these materials. Particular interest concerns extremely large components, typically present in oil distillation residua, and solid deposits found in oil production facilities. Molecular weight distributions of oil waxes were determined in this work by high temperature size exclusion chromatography. Separations were carried out with two different eluents, namely toluene and ortho-dichlorobenzene and two detection systems, these being a differential refractive index and a flame ionization detector. Toluene proved to be the best choice when combined with flame ionization detection. Better uniformity of response was the greatest advantage achieved by this approach. The experimental set up permitted analysis of samples containing molecules with up to 138 carbon atoms. Burning properties of very large molecules, isomerism affecting calibration, and signal asymmetry when flame ionization detection was adopted were three issues still requiring additional efforts to understand and to improve analysis accuracy.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191004
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    Identification of phenolic compounds in waste water from coal gasification by SPE and GC/MS (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 577-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Phenolic compounds ; Solid phase extraction ; Coal gasification ; GC/MS ; XAD-4 ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191009
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    Factors affecting SFE of PAHs from water samples (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 588-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid extraction ; Water samples ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191012
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    Volatile constituents from Andes berry (Rubus glaucus benth) (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 585-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Enantioselective gas chromatography ; Volatiles ; 2-Heptanol ; Ethyl benzoate ; (E)-Hex-2-enal ; 1-Terpinen-4-oI ; Rubus glaucus ; Rosaceae ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191011
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    Chromatography calendar (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 596-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191015
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    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191101
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    Environmental applications of capillary gas chromatography coupled with atomic emission detection  -  a review (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 597-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Atomic emission detection ; Environmental applications ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Environmental applications of capillary gas chromatography coupled with atomic emission derection (GC-AED) have been reviewed with emphasis on both the commercial and laboratory-built systems. Attention was focused on (1) element-selective detection of non-metallic as well as metallic pollutants, (2) identification of contaminants, and (3) sample preparation considerations.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191102
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    Capillary electrophoresis with constant potential amperometric detection using a nickel microelectrode for detection of carbohydrates (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 613-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Electrochemical detection ; End column detection ; Nickel electrode ; Carbohydrates ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Carbohydrates were separated by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and detected electrochemically using a nickel microelectrode which was operated at a constant applied potential (∼0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCI). A simple capillary electrode holder design facilitated alignment between the separation capillary and the working microelectrode without the use of micro-positioning equipment. The separations were performed under alkaline conditions (pH 〉 11), matching the high pH requirements for amperometric detection at the nickel electrode. The analytical procedure developed showed detection limits for the carbohydrates studied in the micromolar range, showing a linear response in the range tested (micromolar to millimolar). The procedure was used to identify sugars in two real samples (i.e., urine and in a common beverage). The potential use of the system for the determination of amino acids was also demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191104
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    Silicalite as a stationary phase for HPLC (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 691-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC ; Molecular sieve ; Cis-trans isomers ; Phenols ; Selectivity ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A molecular sieve known as Silicalite was used as the column packing for HPLC. Silicalite contains channels (or cavities) approximately 6 Å in diameter but, unlike most other molecular sieves, Silicalite is hydrophobic. The retention times of methyl ketones and substituted phenols containing n-alkyl groups increase with increasing chain length of the substituent. However, phenols with very bulky substituents appear to be excluded from the Silicalite channels and elute very quickly. Excellent separations were obtained for a number of compounds with only slight differences in chemical structure. These include phenol isomers with a primary- or secondary alkyl group, position isomers of substituted phenols, and aliphatic cis-trans isomers.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191207
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    Use of cyclodextrins as chiral selector for the chiral separation of anticholinergic drugs such as anisodamine and glycopyrronium in capillary zone electrophoresis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 697-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary zone electrophoresis ; Chiral separation ; Cyclodextrin ; Anisodamine ; Glycopyrronium ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191210
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    Multidimensional capillary gas chromatography of polychlorinated biphenyl marker compounds (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 622-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Multidimensional capillary chromatography ; Polychlorinated biphenyls ; PCBs ; Congener ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Multidimensional chromatography was used to resolve the specific chlorobiphenyl (CB) congeners 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180 in technical aroclor standards. Single column analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) results in co-elution of key congeners with other components in the mixture; therefore using two columns of different selectivity was necessary to enhance the resolution achievable on just one column. The HT8 column (8% phenylpolycarborane-siloxane phase) has been reported to have specific selectivity characteristics for improved PCB separation. When coupled with a BPX5 column (5% phenylpolysiloxane-silphenylene phase), it has been shown here to provide unambiguous identification of 7 marker compounds which are used to monitor PCB occurrence and distribution. All seven marker CBs are present in aroclor 1254, and by adjusting the size of the heartcut window, it was possible to obtain resolution of the marker congeners from other congeners. Single column analysis is unable to achieve this result. This offers an alternative to GC-MS analysis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191106
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    Separation of chlorophenoxy acid herbicides by capillary zone electrophoresis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 647-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) ; Separation of herbicides ; Chlorophenoxy acid ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191111
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    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190201
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  • 93
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    Environmental applications of large volume injection in capillary GC using PTV injectors (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 69-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Large volume injection ; PTV injector ; Water analysis ; River sediment ; Pesticides ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Temperature programmable (PTV) injectors with packed widebore (ca. 3.5 mm i.d.) liners are used for large volume injection in capillary gas chromatography with the aim to simplify and/or improve off-line sample pretreatment proecdures. A simple procedure for optimization of large volume PTV injection is described. The system performance, i.e. linearity and repeatability, is evaluated for polar nitrogen/phosphorus containing pesticides (PTV-GC-NPD) and organochlorine pesticides (PTV-GC-ECD) in river water extracts as well as for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in river sediment (PTV-GC-MS).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190203
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of some pharmaceutical ingredients (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 124-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Reversed-phase HPLC ; Propionic antiinflammatory drugs ; Barbituric sedatives and hypnotics ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190213
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatography calendar (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 128-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190215
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 129-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190302
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast electrophoretic separation of sulfur- and selenium-containig amino acid enantiomers with vancomycin as a chiral selector in coated capillaries (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Chiral separation ; Selenium amino acids ; Vancomycin ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Baseline separation of the enantiomers of the negatively charged 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) derivatives of cystine, methionine, ethionine, and their seleno analogs can be achieved in 3-5 min with capillary electrophoresis in polyacrylamide coated capillaries and submillimolar concentrations of vancomycin as the chiral selector.In addition to the vancomycin concentration, the separation is affected by the type, concentration and pH of the buffer. Good buffers are more suitable than phosphate buffer. At pH values above the isoelectric point of vancomycin the mobility difference between the enantiomers becomes smaller. This effect is larger than would be expected from the reversal of the vancomycin migration alone.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190304
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic separation of the stereoisomers of organophosphorus chemical warfare agents using cyclodextrin capillary columns (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 151-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Atomic emission spectroscopy ; Enantiomeric separation ; Cyclodextrins ; Chemical warfare agents ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of the organophosphorus nerve agents sarin, tabun, and cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GF) produces a mixture of two stereoisomers except for soman where four stereoisomers are produced. Significant differences exist in the reported toxicity and AChE inhibition rates of the various stereoisomers. This makes the ability to distinguish between the different stereoisomers desirable. Five different derivatized cyclodextrin stationary phases developed for gas chromatography were tested for their ability to resolve the nerve agent stereoisomers using a gas chromatograph interfaced to an atomic emission detector. Of the five columns that we examined, only the 2,6-di-O-pentyl-3-O-trifluoroacetyl or 2,6-di-O-pentyl-3-O-butyryl γ-cyclodextrins were able to successfully resolve all four soman stereoisomers. The elution order for each column was determined using solutions of isolated soman stereoisomers. Enantiomers of sarin, tabun, and GF were resolved with varying degrees of success on the different cyclodextrin stationary phases. Only the butyryl γ-cyclodextrin was able to separate the enantiomers of all four of the nerve agents examined in this study. The capacity (k) and selectivity (α) factors were determined for each of the chemical warfare agents successfully separated. The TNO Prins Maurits Laboratory in the Netherlands has previously developed several different chromatographic methods to resolve the stereoisomers of soman, sarin, and tabun. The advantage of the method described here is that commercially available cyclodextrin gas chromatography columns were used to resolve the stereoisomers, thereby facilitating rapid and routine analysis of organophosphorus nerve agents.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190306
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface-enhanced resonance Raman and circular dichroism spectra of amphotericin B and its methylester derivative in silver colloidal solutions (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 2 (1996), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) in silver colloids has been used to study the polyene antibiotic amphotericin B (AmB), its methylester (AmE), and its N-fructosyl derivative (N-Fru-AmB). The intensity of SERR spectra strongly varied with the amphotericin concentration, the nature of added salts, the Ag colloid preparation and the excitation wavelength. The systematic study of all these parameters allowed determination of optimal conditions for the specific detection of AmB and AmE. Under these conditions AmB was detected at 10-10 M in silver colloids prepared according to Creighton et al., with 60m M NaNO3, whereas in the case of AmE the detection threshold was 10-9 M in silver colloids prepared according to Lee and Meisel with 30m M NaCl. Circular dichroism (CD) was used as a complementary technique to study the self-association of the polyenes, characterized by a dichroic doublet at 340 nm. We observed that the addition of silver colloid leads to a modification in the structure of the self-associated species. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-photon excitation of a tryptophan derivative using a fs-Ti : Sapphire laser (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 2 (1996), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: We found that N-acetyl-L-tryptophanamide (NATA) could be excited at 840 nm using a mode-locked Ti : sapphire laser. The emission spectra of NATA were the same for one-photon (1 hv) excitation at 280 nm as for excitation at 840 nm. The emission intensity of NATA was found to depend on the cube of the laser power at 840 nm, consistent with simultaneous absorption of three 840-nm photons. The intensity-decay times were the same for 280- and 840-nm excitation, suggesting the same excited state is reached for each mode of excitation. However, the anisotropies were different for 280- and 840-nm excitation. At 280 nm the time-zero anisotropy was 0.130, whereas at 840 nm the time-zero anisotropy was negative (-0.06), indicating different orientations of the transition moments for one- and three-photon excitation. These results suggest that the intrinsic fluorescence of proteins may be excited using the fundamental output of a Ti: sapphire laser. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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