Library

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • 2000-2004
  • 1970-1974  (190)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1890-1899
  • 1972  (163)
  • 1970  (27)
  • Electron microscopy  (129)
  • Physical Chemistry  (61)
Material
Years
  • 2000-2004
  • 1970-1974  (190)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1890-1899
Year
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 483-499 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ciliary body ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Intercellular junctions ; Bloodaqueous barrier ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sectors of anterior segments of vervet eyes were exposed to solutions of different osmolarities (Cercopithecus aethiops). After hypertonic incubation followed by isotonic fixation, as well as after fixation directly in hypertonic fixative, the ciliary epithelium showed constant changes. These changes consisted of a shrinkage pattern with dilations of intercellular clefts in the superficial region of the epithelium, whereas no dilations occurred in the basal layer. The basal junctional complex of the superficial cell layer was always intact. The detailed structure of this complex is described. The conclusion is drawn that it functions as a barrier to the molecules of the solutes in question, and that it may also have this function in vivo with regard to molecules of similar size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 553-561 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovary ; Domestic fowl ; Thecal gland ; Postnatal evolution ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The post-natal evolution of thecal gland in the domestic fowl has been explored, and a hypothesis for this development is proposed. It is suggested that the surface epithelium of the ovary forms crypts and submicroscopic clefts (ingrowing cords) which contribute with epithelial elements required for the regeneration of some of the ovarian elements, including the thecal glands. Complexes of these ingrowing epithelial cells are forming small islets which, after hormonal stimulation, are transformed into well defined structures, the thecal glands, with a specific function, viz. steroid bio-synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972) 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 104
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rate of the isotope exchange reaction between iron(II) and iron(III) perchlorates has been measured in a solvent mixture containing a 3:2 mole ratio of water to dimethyl sulfoxide over the temperature range from 25° to -98°C. In this temperature range, the reactants can diffuse together faster than they can undergo isotope exchange. The activation enthalpy and entropy for the acid-independent reaction were 6.0 ± 1.2 kcal/mole and -38 ± 17 cal/deg mole, respectively. Below -22°C, the acid-dependent exchange reaction did not contribute significantly to the exchange. In liquid media at -112° and -117°C and in a solid glass at -136°C, no isotope exchange was observed over the period of a calculated half-life for the reaction. At these temperatures, the rate at which the reactants diffuse together is slower than the calculated rate of isotope exchange. In a solid glass at -196°C, no isotope exchange was observed over the period of one week.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 307-314 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Effects of deuterium substitution in propylene on the relative rates of H(D) atom abstraction from and addition to the olefin, and on the orientation of H(D) atom addition, have been studied in the gas phase at room temperature. Effects of isotopic substitution of the olefinic hydrogen atoms on abstraction could not be observed, but abstraction is reduced five- to tenfold by deuteration of the methyl group. Deuteration of either olefinic position enhances the rate of addition to the substituted carbon atom. Disproportionation-combination ratios for deuterium-substituted propyl radicals are not greatly different from those for unsubstituted radicals, the largest effect being for C3D7 radicals, for which the overall kd/kc is reduced 10-15%.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 315-324 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The position of abstraction by H atoms from ethylene, propylene, butene-1, and cis- and trans-butene-2 and the rates of abstraction relative to addition have been measured at 25°C. Only allylic abstraction was observed. From ethylene, abstraction relative to addition was ≤3×10-4. For propylene, butene-1, cis-butene-2, and trans-butene-2, abstraction occurred on 0.2%, 1.6%, 1.5%, and 0.9% of the reactive encounters, if dis-proprotionation-combination ratios for allyl and alkyl radicals are similar to those for alkyl-alkyl pairs.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 293-306 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The vibrational excitation of HF and DF and the energy transfer efficiencies for various collision partners were investigated over the temperature and pressure ranges of 1400°K to 4100°K and 0.1 to 0.3 atm, respectively. The extent of excitation was determined as a function of time by continuously monitoring the infrared emission intensity at the center of the 1-0 vibration-rotation band of the molecule. Collisional efficiencies of HF, N2, O2, F, Cl, and DF in relaxing HF and of DF, HF, and N2 in relaxing DF are reported. A comparison with relaxation data for pure HF taken at lower temperature suggests that long-range attractive forces are mechanistically of major importance in the relaxation process. The relatively high efficiency of atomic chlorine in relaxing HF, i.e., (τP)HF-HF/(τP)HF-C1 ≥ 5 at 3000°K is discussed in terms of our previous result for atomic fluorine, i.e., (τP)HF-HF/(τP)HF-F = 18.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 325-330 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Secondary kinetic isotope effects occur in radical additions to deuterated olefins. Substitution of a deuterium at a carbon undergoing an sp2 to sp3 hybridization-change during reaction, Cβ in eq. (1), leads to an inverse isotope effect of 3-5% (kH/kD = 0.95-0.97). The effect at a carbon going from an olefinic to a radical center, Cα in eq. (1), generally has been assumed to be negligible, since a nominal sp2 hybridization is maintained throughout reaction. Using new, sensitive instrumentation for radioactivity determination and a recently developed quench correction technique, we now find that there is a small, normal isotope effect (kH/kT 1) associated with a change from olefin to radical. Specifically, when R· is the polystyryl radical, X is phenyl, and the α-C bears a tritium, kH/kT = 1.04. This result is discussed in relation to recent data on cycloaddition reactions.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 331-338 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In polychloro-2,2-difluoropropanes, where a large inductive effect results in relatively low reactivity to chlorination, the presence of additional chlorine causes an increased reactivity of the hydrogens geminal to the chlorine and a reduced reactivity of the remote (third carbon) hydrogens. The ways in which resonance, inductive effect, and steric crowding interact in the rates of chlorination of polar molecules are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 339-343 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Measurements of the D(R—NO) bond strength in some C-nitrosocompounds have been made using an electron impact method. The appearance potential of the radical ion (R+) has been determined, the D(R—NO) bond energy being obtained from the relation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$D{\rm (R} - {\rm NO) = }AP{\rm (R}^{\rm + } {\rm)} - IP({\rm R}.)$$\end{document} The values obtained are: D(C6H5—NO) = 41 kcal/mole, D(t-C4H9—NO) = 34 kcal/mole, D(t-C5H11—NO) = 36 kcal/mole and D(i-C3H7—NO) = 36.5 kcal/mole. These values are in good agreement with the numerous estimations of Benson and coworkers and confirm that the C—N bond strength in C-nitrosocompounds is very much less than in nitrocompounds or in amines.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 345-362 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A general computational method for obtaining complete solutions of time-dependent kinetic equations has been developed and applied to free radical-initiated reactions of alkanes with oxygen. The method has been applied to the low-temperature, peroxide-initiated oxidations of isobutane and isopentane. Using available independently measured and estimated values for the rate constants and activation parameters for each of the 20 proposed reaction steps for the oxidation of isobutane, the rates and products have been calculated for both the liquid phase and gas phase in the range of 100°-155°C. The calculated rates and products of oxidation agree with published experimental values. The oxidation of isopentane was examined by a 32-reaction model. The rate constants were estimated using values for the appropriate rate steps in the oxidation of n-butane and isobutane. The calculation of the oxidation rate and products agree with our experiments.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 112
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pyrolysis of ethyl acetate has been studied by the very low-pressure pyrolysis (VLPP) technique. The results obtained agree well with the previously determined high-pressure Arrhenius parameters where log k∞ = 12.6 - 48.0/θ. The rate constants given by these parameters have also been shown to be consistent with the predictions of the RRK and RRKM theories and demonstrate the applicability of the technique to the study of thermal decompositions.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 277-292 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Previous studies by Buckler and Norrish of the second limit of CO and O2 mixtures containing small amounts (0.25-10%) of H2 have been used to obtain the velocity constant of the reaction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm O} + {\rm CO} + {\rm M = CO}_{\rm 2} + {\rm M}$$\end{document} These estimates of k33 = 3.9 × 108 and 3.5 × 108 liter2 mole-2 sec-1 (M = H2) at 500° and 560°C, respectively, have been combined with other estimates over the range 300°-3500°K to give k33 = 3.0 × 108 exp (-3000/RT) for M = Ar; the considerable scatter in the available points does not encourage any great confidence in this expression and may be attributed at least partly to the different molecules used as M by different workers. For KCl-coated and CsCl-coated vessels at 540°C, studies of the second limit of H2 + O2 mixtures, to which CO has been added, have indicated that with both the surfaces, the effect of CO on the limit is masked by changes in the surface nature. In the case of CsCl, the results have enabled a lower limit of about 0.6 to be obtained for the efficiency of CO relative to H2 in the reaction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm H} + {\rm O}_{\rm 2} + {\rm M = HO}_{\rm 2} + {\rm M}$$\end{document} Use of a computer treatment to interpret the second limit of CO + H2 + O2 mixtures in aged boric-acid-coated vessels at 500°C gives a value of mCO = 0.74 ± 0.04 together with an estimate of k32 (H + CO + M″ = HCO + M″)/k4 = 0.022 ± 0.003, which leads to k32 = 2.3 × 108 liter2 mole-2 sec-1 (M = H2) at 500°C.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 367-382 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The flash photolysis-resonance fluorescence technique has been used to measure the reaction of ground-state sulfur atoms with molecular oxygen as a function of both temperature and total pressure. The most suitable source of S(3P) for this study was found to be COS in the presence of CO2, as a diluent gas and with the photolysis flash filtered so as to remove all radiation of wavelengths below 1650 Å. Under these conditions, it was found that over the temperature range of 252-423°K the rate data could be fit to a simple Arrhenius-type equation of the form \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$k_1 = (2.24 \pm 0.27) \times 10^{ - 12} {\rm exp}\left({\frac{{{\rm - 0}{\rm .00} \pm {\rm 0}{\rm .10 kcal/mole}}}{{RT}}} \right)$$\end{document} Units are cm3 molec-1 s-1. The small A-factor for this reaction, the lack of any pressure dependence, and the direct observation of the production of O(3P) with increasing reaction time suggest that the S(3P) atom attacks the O2(3Σ) molecule end-on forming SOO which rapidly falls apart to form SO (3Σ) and O(3P).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 417-432 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The room-temperature photolysis of N2O (10-100 torr) at 2139 Å to produce O(1D) has been studied in the presence of CH4 (10-891 torr). The reactions of O(1D) with CH4 were found to be \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{*{20}c} {(4)} & {{\rm O(}^{\rm 1} D{\rm)} + {\rm CH}_{\rm 4} } & \to & {{\rm HO + CH}_{\rm 3} } & {0.95 \pm 0.05} \\ {(8)} & {} & \to & {{\rm O(}^{\rm 3} P{\rm)} + {\rm CH}_{\rm 4} } & {{\rm 0}{\rm .05} \pm {\rm 0}{\rm .05}} \\ {} & {} & \to & {{\rm CH}_{\rm 2} + {\rm H}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}} & {{\rm 〈 0}{\rm .03}} \\ {} & {} & \to & {{\rm CH}_{\rm 3} {\rm OH}} & {{\rm 〈 0}{\rm .01}} \\ {} & {} & \to & {{\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm O + H}_{\rm 2}} & {{\rm 〈 0}{\rm .002}} \\\end{array}$$\end{document} The method of chemical difference was used to measure the rate constant ratio k4/(k2 + k3), where reactions (2) and (3) are \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{*{20}c} {(2)} & {{\rm O(}^{\rm 1} D{\rm)} + {\rm N}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}} & { \to {\rm N}_{\rm 2} + {\rm O}_{\rm 2} } \\ {(3)} & {} & { \to 2{\rm NO}} \\\end{array}$$\end{document} The CH3 radicals produced in reaction (4) react with the O2 and NO produced in reactions (2) and (3). Thus, near the endpoint of the internal titration, φ{C2H6} gives an accurate measure of k4/(k2 + k3). For the translationally energetic O(1D) atoms produced in the photolysis, k4/(k2 + k3) = 2.28 ± 0.20. However, if He is added to remove the excess translational energy, then k4/(k2 + k3) drops to 1.35 ± 0.3.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 529-540 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: NO2 was photolyzed with 2288 Å radiation at 300° and 423°K in the presence of H2O, CO, and in some cases excess He. The photolysis produces O(1D) atoms which react with H2O to give HO radicals \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm (3)}} & {{\rm O(}^{\rm 1} D{\rm)} + {\rm H}_{\rm 2} {\rm O} \to 2{\rm HO}} \\\end{array}$$\end{document} or are deactivated by CO to O(3P) atoms \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm (5)}} & {{\rm O(}^{\rm 1} D{\rm)} + {\rm CO} \to {\rm O(}^{\rm 3} P{\rm) + CO}} \\\end{array}$$\end{document} The ratio k5/k3 is temperature dependent, being 0.33 at 300°K and 0.60 at 423°K. From these two points, the Arrhenius expression is estimated to be k5/k3 = 2.6 exp(-1200/RT) where R is in cal/mole - °K. The OH radical is either removed by NO2 \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm (1)}} & {{\rm OH} + {\rm NO}_{\rm 2} {\rm (+M)} \to {\rm HNO}_{\rm 3} {\rm (+M)}} \\\end{array}$$\end{document} or reacts with CO \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm (2)}} & {{\rm OH} + {\rm CO} \to {\rm H} + {\rm CO}_{\rm 2} } \\\end{array}$$\end{document} The ratio k2/kα is 0.019 at 300°K and 0.027 at 423°K, and the ratio k2/k0 is 1.65 × 10-5M at 300°K and 2.84 × 10-5M at 423°K, with H2O as the chaperone gas, where kα = k1 in the high-pressure limit and k0[M] = k1 in the low-pressure limit. When combined with the value of k2 = 4.2 × 108 exp(-1100/RT) M-1sec-1, kα = 6.3 × 109 exp (-340/RT)M-1sec-1 and k0 = 4.0 × 1012M-2sec-1, independent of temperature for H2O as the chaperone gas. He is about 1/8 as efficient as H2O.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 547-558 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the reactions of H atoms with H2S and with COS were measured at 298deg;K in a flow system using mass-spectrometric detection. The rate constants were found to be 3.8 × 10-13 and 2.2 × 10-14 cm3 part-1 sec-1, respectively, with an estimated accuracy of 25%. At high flow rates of H2S, 0.5 molecules of H2S are consumed per H atom originally present. At all flow rates of COS, H2S is a major product, CO production equals COS consumption, and 0.5 molecules of COS are consumed per H atom. The results are consistent with the reaction HS + HS → H2S + S being the dominant process for thiyl radicals, and evidence is presented to indicate that its reaction rate is close to collisional frequency.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 559-571 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal decomposition of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane has been investigated in the single-pulse shock tube between 1120° and 1300deg;K at total reflected shock pressures from ∼2610 to 3350 torr. Under these conditions, the major reaction is the α,α-elimination of hydrogen chloride, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm CF}_{\rm 3} {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm Cl}\mathop {{\rm \rightarrow}}\limits^{k_1 } {\rm CF}_{\rm 2} {\rm CHF} + {\rm HCl}$$\end{document} with \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm log(}k_1^\infty {\rm, sec}^{ - {\rm 1}} {\rm) = 13}{\rm .3} \pm {\rm 0}{\rm .4} - (65.5 \pm 2.2{\rm kcal})/2.303RT$$\end{document} The decomposition also involves the slower α,β-elimination of hydrogen fluoride, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm CF}_{\rm 3} {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm Cl}\mathop {{\rm \rightarrow}}\limits^{k_2 } {\rm CF}_{\rm 2} {\rm CHCl} + {\rm HF}$$\end{document} with the first-order rate constant given by \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm log(}k_2^\infty {\rm, sec}^{ - {\rm 1}} {\rm) = 12}{\rm .7} \pm {\rm 0}{\rm .5} - (67.6 \pm 2.7{\rm kcal})/2.303RT$$\end{document} At temperatures above 1270°K, two additional minor products were observed. These were identified as CF2CFCl and CF3CHCl2 and suggest C—Cl rupture as a third reaction channel leading to complicated kinetics.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 657-666 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Study of n-butane pyrolysis at high temperature in a flow system allows measurement of the sum of the rate constants of the initiation reactions \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{l} \begin{array}{*{20}c} {(1)} & {{\rm C}_{\rm 4} {\rm H}_{{\rm 10}} \to {\rm 2C}_{\rm 2} {\rm H}_{\rm 5} ^{\rm .} } \\ \end{array} \\ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {(2)} & {{\rm C}_{\rm 4} {\rm H}_{{\rm 10}} \to {\rm CH}_{\rm 3} ^{\rm .} } \\ \end{array} + {\rm C}_{\rm 3} {\rm H}_{\rm 7} ^{\rm .} \\ \end{array}$$\end{document} and of the Arrhenius parameters of the reactions \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{l} \begin{array}{*{20}c} {(3)} & {{\rm CH}_{\rm 3} ^{\rm .} + {\rm C}_{\rm 4} {\rm H}_{{\rm 10}} \to {\rm CH}_{\rm 4} + {\rm C}_{\rm 4} {\rm H}_{\rm 9} ^{\rm .} } \\ \end{array} \\ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {(4)} & {{\rm C}_{\rm 2} {\rm H}_{\rm 5} ^{\rm .} + {\rm C}_{\rm 4} {\rm H}_{{\rm 10}} \to {\rm C}_{\rm 2} {\rm H}_{\rm 6} } \\ \end{array} + {\rm C}_{\rm 4} {\rm H}_{\rm 9} ^{\rm .} \\ \end{array}$$\end{document} Established data for k1/k2 allow estimation of k1 for 951°K and this, with recent thermochemical data, yields the result log k-1 (l.mole s-1) = 8.5, in remarkable agreement with a recent measurement [20] but over si×ty times smaller than conventional assumption. The product k3k4 (l.2mole-2s-2) is found to be associated with the Arrhenius parameters log (A3A4) = 21.90 ± 0.6 and (E3 + E4) = 38.3 ± 2.7 kcal/mole. These values are much higher than would be e×pected on the basis of low temperature estimates. Independent evaluation gives log A4 = 10.5 ± 0.4 (l.mole-1s-1) and E4 = 20.1 ± 1.7 kcal/mole, hence log A3 = 11.4 ± 0.8 (l.mole-1s-1) and E3 = 18.2 ± 3.2 kcal/mole. These values are shown to be entirely consistent with a wide range of results from pyrolytic studies, and it is argued that they further confirm the view that Arrhenius plots for alkyl radical-alkane metathetical reactions are strongly curved, in part due to tunneling and, appreciably, to other as yet unidentified effects. Since there is published evidence that metathetical reactions involving hydrogen atoms show even greater curvature, it is suggested that this may be a characteristic of many metathetical reactions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 120
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Products of radical combination from the free-radical buffer system \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${{\rm R}^{\rm .} + {\rm R}^{\rm '} {\rm I}\mathop {\leftrightharpoons}\limits^{{\rm K}_{{\rm RR}}}{\rm RI} + {\rm R}^{'}}$$\end{document}. have been analyzed for the two cases, R = Me, R′ = iPr and R = Et, R′ = iPr. Results are consistent with the previously examined system where R = Me, R′ = Et, and give a value of kP for iPr· combination of 108.6±1.1 M-1 sec-1.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 121
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 129-149 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the reaction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm CH}_{\rm 3} + {\rm O}_{\rm 2} (+ {\rm M}) \to {\rm CH}_{\rm 3} {\rm O}_{\rm 2} {\rm (+ M)}$$\end{document} have been studied, using the technique of flash photolysis and kinetic spectroscopy to follow the methyl radical concentration. The order of the reaction lies between 2 and 3 throughout the range of pressure from 25 to 380 torr at 22°C, and the results are consistent with a single reaction sequence: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{l} {\rm CH}_{\rm 3} + {\rm O}_{\rm 2} \mathop {{\rm \rightleftharpoons}}\limits_{\rm b}^{\rm a} {\rm CH}_{\rm 3} {\rm O}_{\rm 2} ^* \\ {\rm CH}_{\rm 3} {\rm O}_{\rm 2} ^* {\rm } + {\rm M}\mathop {{\rm \rightarrow}}\limits^{\rm c} {\rm CH}_{\rm 3} {\rm O}_{\rm 2} {\rm + M} \\ \\\end{array}$$\end{document} The limiting values of the third-order rate coefficients at low pressures are (3.6±0.3) × 1011 1.2 mole-2 sec-1 when M is neopentane, and (0.94 ± 0.03) × 1011 1.2 mole-2 sec-1 when M is nitrogen. The limiting value of the second-order rate coefficient at high pressures is (3.1 ± 0.3) × 108 1. mole-1 sec-1. The rate constant for the independent second-order reaction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm CH}_{\rm 3} + {\rm O}_{\rm 2} \to {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm O} \to {\rm OH}$$\end{document} is shown to be not much greater than 2 × 105 1. mole-1 sec-1, so that this reaction does not complete significantly with the combination reaction.This new interpretation is contrary to currently accepted views.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 122
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 169-174 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The gas-phase thermal isomerization of N-propylidenecyclopropylamine has been studied in the temerature range of 573° to 635°K. The reaction is homogeneous and kinetically first order and yields 5-ethyl-1-pyrroline as the sole product. The rate constants are independent of pressure in the range of 2.5 to 55 torr and fit the Arrhenius relationship log k(sec-1) = (14.05 ± 0.06) - (47.77 ± 0.16)/θ where θ = 2.303 RT in units of kcal/mole, or log k(sec-1) = (14.05 ± 0.06) - (199.9 ± 0.7)/θ, where θ = 2.303RT in kJ/mole. From considerations of a biradical pathway it is concluded that the resonance stabilization energy of the substituted 2-aza-allyl radical is very similar to that of the methallyl radical.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 123
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 159-168 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the gas phase isomerization of 1-chloro-4-bromobicyclo[2.2.0]hexane to 2-chloro-5-bromohexa-1,5-diene have been measured in a static system over the temperature range of 135-215°C, with a variation in the total pressure from 0.6 to 400 torr. For these conditions the rate constants are well represented by the Arrhenius equation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm log (}k{\rm /sec}^{ - {\rm 1}} {\rm)} = {\rm (13}{\rm .2} \pm {\rm 0}{\rm .2)} - (34.5 \pm 0.4)/\theta$$\end{document} where θ = 2.303RT kcal/mole. Transition state estimates for the biradical mechanism for the isomerization of bicyclo[2.2.0]hexanes are shown to be in good agreement with these Arrhenius parameters. By comparison of the activation energy with that for the isomerization of bicyclo[2.2.0]hexane and 1,4-dichlorobicyclo[2.2.0]hexane, the radical stabilization energy of an α-bromine atom is shown to be 1.0 ± 1.8 kcal/mole. Rates are also reported in the liquid phase at temperatures of 155°C and 175°C with diphenyl ether, nitrobenzene, and dimethylsulfoxide as solvents. The observed rate constants are all faster (by a factor of 1.1-1.7) than those measured in the gas phase and display no correlation between rate and solvent polarity.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 124
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 175-189 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantum yields of the triplet sulfur dioxide (3SO2)-sensitized phosphoresence (Φsens) in biacetyl (Ac2) have been determined in experiments over a wide range of pressures of SO2 and Ac2. Excited singlet sulfur dioxide (1SO2) was generated using 2650-Å and 28757hyphen;Å light. The values of Φsens were dependent on the [SO2]/[Ac2] ratio, as anticpated theoretically. However, in runs at a fixed [SO2]/[Ac2] ratio, the measured Φsens values were dependent on the total pressure. This theoretically unexpected effect is probably largely the result of biacetyl triplet diffusion with deactivation at the cell wall. Treatment of the quantum yield data in terms of the complete mechanism gave new estimates of the following rate functions: 1SO2 + SO2 → (2SO2) (1), 1SO2 + SO2 → 3SO2 + SO2 (2), k2/(k1 + k2) = 0.082 ± 0.003 (2650 Å), 0.095 ± 0.005 (2875 Å) 3SO2 + Ac2 → SO2 + 3Ac2 (9a), 3SO2 + Ac2 → SO2 + Ac2 (9b), k9a + k9b = (8.4 ± 2.1) × 1010 (2650 Å), (8.1 ± 3.0) × 1010 l./mole-sec (2875 Å) 3SO2 → SO2 + hvp (6), k6 = (7.3 ± 1.3) × 101 sec-1.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 125
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 229-233 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal decomposition of 3-chloro-3-trichloromethyldizairine in carbon tetrachloride and iso-octane has been investigated over the temperature range 75-115°C. The products, tetrachloroethylene and nitrogen, are formed quantitatively by a first-order reaction which is probably unimolecular: The results yielded the following Arrhenius equations: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{l} k({\rm CCl}_{\rm 4} {\rm)} = {\rm 10}^{{\rm 13}{\rm .8} \pm {\rm 0}{\rm .2}} \exp (- 29,200 \pm 200/RT)\sec ^{ - 1} \\ k(iso - {\rm octane)} = {\rm 10}^{{\rm 13}{\rm .8} \pm {\rm 0}{\rm .2}} \exp (- 29,000 \pm 150/RT)\sec ^{ - 1} \\ \end{array}$$\end{document}.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 126
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 191-205 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The quantum yields of the sulfur dioxide triplet (3SO2)-sensitized phosphorescence of biacetyl (Φsens) were determined in experiments with N2-SO2-Ac2 and c-C6H12-SO2-Ac2 mixtures excited at 2875 Å at 27°C. The fraction of the biacetyl triplets which reacts homogeneously by radiative or nonradiative decay reactions was determined in a series of runs at constant [SO2]/[M] and [SO2]/[Ac2] ratios but at varied total pressure. A kinetic treatment of the Φsens results and singlet sulfur dioxide (1SO2) quenching rate constant data gave the following new kinetic estimates: 1SO2 + M → (SO2-M) (1b) 1SO2 + M → 3SO2 + M (2b); for 1SO2-N2 collisions, k2b/(k1b + k2b) = 0.033 ± 0.008; for 1SO2-c-C6H12 collisions, k2b/(k1b ± k2b) = 0.073 ± 0.024; previous studies have shown this ratio to be 0.095 ± 0.005 for 1SO2-SO2 collisions. It was concluded that the inter-system crossing ratio in 1SO2 induced by collision is relatively insensitive to the nature of the collision partner M. However, the individual rate constants for the collision-induced spin inversion of 1SO2 (k2b) and the total 1SO2-quenching constants (k1b + k2b) are quite sensitive to the nature of M: k2b/k2a varies from 0.10 ± 0.03 for M = N2 to 1.11 ± 0.37 for M = c-C6H12, and (k1b + k2b)/(k1a + k2a) varies from 0.29 for M = N2 to 1.44 for M = c-C6H12; k1a and k1b are the rate constants for the reactions 1SO2 - SO2 → (2SO2) (1a) and 1SO2 + SO2 → 3SO2 + SO2 (2a), respectively.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 127
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 207-227 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The quantum yields of phosphorescence (Φp) of biacetyl have been determined in pure biacetyl, biacetyl-SO2, and biacetyl-c-C6H12 mixtures in experiments using bands of radiation centered at 3450, 3650, 3880, and 4348 Å. It has been shown that the unexpected effect of gas concentration on the quantum yields of the sulfur dioxide triplet-sensitized phosphorescence of biacetyl resulted largely from the significant destruction of biacetyl triplets at the wall of the cell. The kinetics of the variation of Φp with [Ac2], wavelength of the absorbed light, and added gases provide new estimates of the energy relations and the rate constants for the decomposition reaction of vibrationally rich biacetyl molecules in the first excited singlet state (1Ac2
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 128
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 235-242 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A comparative study of the kinetics of the N-nitrosation of sulfanilamide by cyclohexyl nitrite and by nitrous acid has been made, using an automated technique. The results indicate that a common nitrosating species is effective in analogous reactions involving cyclohexyl nitrite or nitrous acid. The N-nitrosation reaction has been followed spectrophotometrically by coupling the diazotized product with 1-naphthol. Under certain conditions a competitive reaction takes place in which coupling occurs with unreacted sulfanilamide.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 129
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 243-247 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 130
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 249-252 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 131
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 253-253 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 132
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972) 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 133
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 255-264 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analysis of the atmospheric observations of O2(1δg) in the dayglow and twilight confirms the crude experimental assessments of Brown [1] and the conclusions that can be made from recent work of Westenberg, Roscoe, and DeHaas [2] that the reaction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm H} + {\rm O}_{\rm 2} (^1 \Delta g) \to {\rm OH} + {\rm O}$$\end{document} is relatively slow, much slower than was expected or can be explained easily in theoretical terms. Using a value for the concentration of atomic hydrogen at 85 km, an upper limit rate of 3×10-13 cm3 molecule-1 sec-1 would be compatible with current atmospheric models. An evaluation of the available data for the rates of several reactions involving ground state or electronically excited species, for which the values are reasonably well established, is included to better analyze the general effects of an electronically excited reactant. This further illustrates the unusual slowness of the H + O2(1Δg) reaction.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 134
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 273-276 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Values of the rate constants for allyl-radical abstraction from toluene and allyl-radical recombination have been recalculated in the light of recent data on butene-1 decomposition. The rate of recombination is in good agreement with that found by Van den Bergh and Callear [13] and the cross-combination ratio for the allyl + methyl system has a “normal” value of almost 4. It is concluded that allyl radicals behave like alkyl radicals in respect of their rates of reaction with other radicals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 135
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972) 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 136
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 137
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 395-403 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of C2F5 radicals with H2S \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{*{20}c} {(2)} & {{\rm C}_{\rm 2} {\rm H}_{\rm 5} + {\rm H}_{\rm 2} {\rm S} \to {\rm C}_{\rm 2} {\rm F}_{\rm 5} {\rm H} + {\rm HS}} & {k_H } \\ \end{array}$$\end{document} was studied over the range 1°-123°C using C2F5 radicals generated by photolysis of perfluoropropionic anhydride. The rate constant kH for reaction (2) is given by \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\log {\rm }k_H ({\rm cm}^{\rm 3} {\rm mole}^{ - 1} \sec ^{ - 1}) = (11.70 \pm 0.19) - (4260 \pm 290)/\theta$$\end{document} where θ = 2.303RT/cal mole-1. The relevance of this result to conflicting published data on the analogous reaction between CF3 radicals and H2S is discussed. It is concluded that there is little difference in the Arrhenius parameters for reaction of CF3 and C2F5 radicals with H2S.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 138
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 405-416 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A metathetical reaction between carbon tetrachloride and toluene to give benzyl chloride and chloroform occurs at temperatures above 200°C (k = 4.8 × 1010 e-32,900/RT cc mole-1sec-1). The reaction does not involve free radicals, as is shown by the kinetic behavior of the system, by the lack of effect of added free-radical chain inhibitors, and by the absence of the expected chain termination product, hexachloroethane. The reaction is one of a general type between carbon tetrachloride and alkanes or alkylaromatics, but at the temperatures required it is often obscured by dehydrohalogenation of the product to the highly reactive olefin. At high temperatures, benzyl chloride reacts with toluene to give bibenzyl and hydrogen chloride, apparently also by a metathetical reaction. The transition state is postulated to be four-center, in which the carbon-chlorine and carbon-hydrogen bonds are broken and reformed: The experimental preexponential factor is in good agreement with that calculated from transition-state theory.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 139
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 449-461 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the “a” and “b” band emissions arising from the 1Σg+ ← 3Ou and 1Σg+ ← 3lu transitions of the diatomic mercury molecule at λmax ∼ 4850 Å and 3350 Å, respectively, have been studied at low concentrations of mercury in the presence of N2, C2H6, C3H8, and N2O. Rate constant values have been obtained for the following reactions of the excimer molecule: Hg2(3lu) + N2 → Hg2(3Ou) + N2 and Hg2(3Ou) + RH → Hg2(1Σg+) + RH, where RH = C2H6 or C3H8. From a consideration of the detailed kinetics of band emissions, it was also possible to derive rate constants for the quenching reactions of Hg(3P0) atoms. These values are in reasonable agreement with those obtained previously from monitoring atom concentrations directly by 4047 Å absorbiometry.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 140
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 463-477 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The self-radiolysis of CO2 in excess tritium (3H2) has been studied at pressures of 0.1 to 1.0 atm, temperatures of -80° to +100°C, and in the presence of added H2O, He, or Ar. The primary products of decomposition are CO and 3H2O. Secondary products are C3H4, C23H4, and a white polymer. The rates of disappearance of CO2 and formation of products and G-;values were measured. The disappearance of CO2 initially obeys first-order kinetics, then slows down with time at a rate depending upon the initial pressure of 3H2. The initial rates are proportional to pressures of CO2 and 3H2. They are independent of temperature, decreased by addition of H2O vapor, and increased by addition of He or Ar. The proposed mechanism of decomposition of CO2 and formation of products involves ionization of CO2 followed by dissociative recombination forming CO and O. Then the O reacts with a hydrogen-containing species forming OH and H2O, and a back reaction forms CO2 from CO and OH.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 141
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972) 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 142
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rate constants (kuni) for the first-order disappearance of the title molecules have been determined under VLPP conditions. The kuni are not the rate constants of ultimate interest since they reflect the fact that energy transfer competes with the chemical decomposition. Use of the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-(Marcus) [RRK(M)] theory allows the determination of the high-pressure rate constants (kα), if the mode of decomposition is known. The heats of formation of the radicals NH2, CH3NH, and (CH3)2N are known. These values should be usable for prediction of the activation energy for N—N bond homolysis in the hydrazines. Measured rate constants for UDMH and TMH bear this out, but the rate constant for MMH does not. This and other evidence lead to the conclusion that MMH decomposes via molecular concerted elimination of NH3 and H2 not and by N—N bond scission. The following values are preferred from this work (θ = 2.303RT in kcal/mole). Mode of decomposition is N - N bond scission unless noted otherwise in parenthesis: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{ll} \underline{{{{\rm Molecule}}}}& \underline{{{{\rm log }k_\infty /\sec ^{ - 1} (298^\circ {\rm K})}}}\\ {{{{\rm MMH}}}}&{{{13.2{\rm - }54/\theta (- {\rm NH}_{\rm 3});}}}\\ {} & {13.5{\rm - }57/\theta (- {\rm H}_{\rm 2})} \\ {{\rm UDMH}} & {17.0{\rm - }63/\theta } \\ {{\rm SDMH}} & {{\rm 13}{\rm .5 - 57/}\theta {\rm (} - {\rm H}_{\rm 2} {\rm)}} \\ {{\rm TMH}} & {{\rm 17}{\rm .4 - 54/}\theta } \\\end{array}$$\end{document}.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 143
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Products of the radical reactions arising from t-Bu2O2, CF3I, and CH3I at 146°C in the vapor phase have been measured over a 33-fold range of CH3I/CH3I ratios and shown to be governed by the rapidly established equilibrium \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm Me} \cdot + {\rm CF}_{\rm 3} {\rm I}\mathop {{\rm \rightleftharpoons}}\limits^K {\rm MeI} + {\rm CF}_{\rm 3} \cdot$$\end{document} Together with K estimated by thermochemical methods, the results yield, for the rate of recombination for CF3· radicals, kr = 109.7 ± 0.5 M-1 sec-1.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 144
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 513-520 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 145
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The gas phase iodination of cyclobutane was studied spectrophotometrically in a static system over the temperature range 589° to 662°K. The early stage of the reaction was found to correspond to the general mechanism \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{l} {\rm RH} + {\rm I} \cdot \mathop {{\rm \rightleftharpoons}}\limits^1 {\rm R} \cdot + {\rm HI} \\ {\rm R} \cdot + {\rm I}_{\rm 2} \mathop {{\rm \rightleftharpoons}}\limits^2 {\rm R} - {\rm I} + {\rm I} \cdot \\ \end{array}$$\end{document} where the Arrenius parameters describing k1 are given by log k1/M-1 sec-1 = 11.66 ± 0.11 - 26.83 ± .31/θ, θ = 2.303RT in kcal/mole. The measured value of E1, together with the fact that E-1 = 1 ± 1 kcal/mole, provides ΔHf,2980(c-C4H7.) = 51.14 ± 1.0 kcal/mole, and the corresponding bond dissociation energy, D(c-C4H7—H) = 96.8 ± 1.0 kcal/mole. A bond dissociation energy of 1.8 kcal/mole higher than that for a normal secondary C—H bond corresponds to one half of the extra strain energy in cyclobutene compared to cyclobutane and is in excellent agreement with the recent value of Whittle, determined in a completely different system. Estimates of ΔHf0 and entropy of cyclobutyl iodide are in very good agreement with the equilibrium constant K12 deduced from the kinetic data. Also in good agreement with estimates of Arrhenius parameters is the rate of HI elimination from cyclobutyl iodide.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 146
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 49-60 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pyrolyses of trimethylethylene and tetramethylethylene have been investigated in the presence and absence of nitric oxide. It appears that apart from a unimolecular split, e.g., a disproportionation reaction such as may play an important role in initiation. Nitric oxide had no effect on H2 production, which is probably a molecular process. There was similar behavior of both compounds in the presence of NO, indicating that the olefinic hydrogen atom does not play a decisive role. Other aspects of the mechanisms are discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 147
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The total decomposition rates of the chemically activated alkanes n-butane, n-pentane, isopentane, and neohexane were measured using an internal comparison technique. Chemical activation was by the C—H insertion reaction of excited singlet-state methylene radicals. A total of ten rate constants ranging from 4.6 × 105 to 2.3 × 107 sec-1 were measured for these alkanes at different excitation energies. These rates correlate via RRKM theory calculations with thermal A-factors in the range of 1016.1 to 1017.1 sec-1 for free rotoractivated complex models and in the range of 1016.4 to 1017.8 sec-1 for vibrator-activated complex models. It was found that high critical energies for decomposition, “tight” radical models, and activated complex models with free internal rotations were required to correlate the decomposition rates of these alkanes with estimated alkyl radical recombination rates. The correlation is just barely possible even for these favorable extremes, indicating that there may be a basic discrepancy between the recombination rate and decomposition rate data for alkanes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 148
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 61-68 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rate of the thermal reaction of ethylene to form cyclobutane has been measured over the temperature range 723°-786°K and at pressures between 300 and 1300 torr. The equilibrium constant for the system \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm 2C}_{\rm 2} {\rm H}_{\rm 4}\mathop {\leftrightharpoons}\limits_{kf}^{kr} c - {\rm C}_{\rm 4} {\rm H}_{\rm 8}$$\end{document} was calculated both from the initial rate data and from measurements of the equilibrium concentration of cyclobutane. Agreement with the reported thermodynamic quantities for cyclobutane was satisfactory. The initial rate data gave the following epxression for kf: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm log }k_f {\rm (1}{\rm .mole}^{ - {\rm 1}} {\rm sec}^{ - {\rm 1}} {\rm)} = {\rm 7}{\rm .84} - \frac{{43800}}{{2.3RT}}$$\end{document} while the measurements of the equilibrium concentration of cyclobutane gave the expression for K, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm log }K{\rm (atm}^{ - {\rm 1}} {\rm)} = - \frac{{45.4}}{{2.3R}} + \frac{{20700}}{{2.3RT}}$$\end{document}.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 149
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 87-102 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rate of decomposition of allyl iodide has been measured from 742plusmn;K to 1068±K and from 169 to 1429 torr using a shock tube method in which the disappearance of allyl iodide and the appearance of iodine are followed simultaneously. The kinetics are first order in allyl iodide and probably are slightly dependent upon total pressure. Mathematical modeling shows that they are compatible with a mechanism consisting of three reactions: The experiments yield the rate constant k1, the high-pressure limiting value of which is found to be \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\log _{10} k_\infty (\sec ^{ - 1}) = (14.45 \pm 0.4) - (42.8 \pm 2.4{\rm kcal})/2.3RT$$\end{document} in reasonable agreement with that predicted using the methods of Benson and O'Neal [1].
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 150
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dichloromethane, chlorofluoromethane, and dichlorofluoromethane have been brominated competitively with each other and with chloroform and methyl chloride. Using the literature values for the rates of bromination of these latter two compounds, the rate constants for the three former compounds have been determined: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{l} k_2 ({\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm Cl}_{\rm 2} {\rm)} = (9.77 \pm 1.44) \times 10^9 \exp (- 10,860 \pm 480{\rm cal}/RT) \\ k_2 ({\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm F Cl)} = (7.76 \pm 1.59) \times 10^{10} \exp (- 14,800 \pm 800{\rm cal}/RT) \\ k_2 ({\rm CHF Cl}_{\rm 2} {\rm)} = (1.05 \pm 1.48) \times 10^{10} \exp (- 13,300 \pm 570{\rm cal}/RT) \\ \end{array}$$\end{document} where R is taken to be 1.987 cal deg-1 mol-1 (1 cal = 4.186 J).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 151
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 79-86 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: C2F5 radicals were generated in the presence of benzene vapor by the reaction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$({\rm C}_{\rm 2} {\rm F}_{\rm 5} {\rm CO})_2 {\rm O} + hv \to {\rm CO} + {\rm CO}_2 + 2{\rm C}_{\rm 2} {\rm F}_5 $$\end{document} The radicals react with the benzene by addition and pseudo H abstraction The rate constant kadd for the addition reaction (7) is given by \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\log k_{add} /k_{c^{1/2} } {\rm cm}^{{\rm 3/2}} {\rm mole}^{ - 1/2} \sec ^{ - 1/2} = (4.49 \pm 0.10) - (4210 \pm 150)/\theta $$\end{document} where θ = 2.303RT cal/mole and kc is the rate constant for combination of C2F5 radicals. The addition becomes reversible above 110°C. The reactions of CF3 and C2F5 radicals with benzene vapor are compared.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 152
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 103-116 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the reaction of O + CH3OCH3 were investigated using fast-flow apparatus equipped with ESR and mass-spectrometric detection. The concentration of O(3P) atoms to CH3OCH3 was varied over an unusually large range. The rate constant for reaction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm O} + {\rm CH}_{\rm 3} {\rm OCH}_3 \to {\rm OH} + {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm OCH}_{\rm 3} $$\end{document} was found to be k = (5.0 ± 1.0) × 1012 exp [(-2850 ± 200/RT)] cm3 mole-1 sec-1. The reaction O + CH3OH was studied using ESR detection. Based on an assumed stoichiometry of two oxygen atoms consumed per molecule of CH3OH which reacts, we obtain a value of k = (1.70 ± 0.66) × 1012 exp [(-2,280 ± 200/RT)] cm3 mole-1 sec-1 for the reaction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm O} + {\rm CH}_{\rm 3} {\rm OH} \to {\rm OH} + {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm OH}$$\end{document} The results obtained in this study are compared with the results from other workers on these reactions. The observation of essentially equal activation energies in these two reactions is indicative of approximately equal C—H bond strengths in CH3OCH3 and CH3OH. This is in agreement with recent measurements of these bond energies.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 153
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972) 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 154
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 117-126 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The gas-phase reaction kinetics of 1,1,2-trimethylcyclopropane have been studied in the temperature range of 700-755°K. First-order unimolecular rate constants for over-all reactant disappearance fit the Arrhenius equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm log }k_0 {\rm (sec}^{ - {\rm 1}} {\rm)} = {\rm 14}{\rm .47} - \frac{{61.08 \pm 0.51}}{\theta }$$\end{document} Reaction products and the relative rates of their formation are found to be reasonably consistent with the biradical mechanism.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 155
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 383-394 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Absolute rate constants for the reaction of S(3P) with ethylene were measured over an ethylene concentration range of 7, a total pressure of 50 to 400 torr, and a flash intensity range of 10. At 298°K, the bimolecular rate constant was found to be invariant over this range of variables and had a measured value of 4.96 × 10-13 cm3 molec-1 s-1. Over the temperature range of 218° to 442°K, the rate data could be fit to a simple Arrhenius equation of the form \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$k_1 = (7.13 \pm 0.74) \times 10^{ - 12} {\rm exp}\left({\frac{{{\rm - 1}{\rm .58} \pm {\rm 0}{\rm .08 kcal/mole}}}{{RT}}} \right)$$\end{document} Units are cm3 molec-1 s-1. The dependence of the measured value of k1 on the concentration of the reaction product ethylene episulfide is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 156
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 497-512 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The method of chemical difference was utilized to accurately determine the relative importance of all the reaction steps in the direct photolysis of N2O at 2139 Å (25° and 250°C) and 1849 Å (25° C), as well as in the Hg6(1P1)-sensitized photolysis of N2O at 1849 Å (25°C). In all cases, the primary process is predominantly, if not exclusively, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm (1)}} & {{\rm N}_{\rm 2} {\rm O} + hv{\rm or H}_{\rm g} 6(^1 P_1) \to {\rm N}_{\rm 2} + {\rm O(}^{\rm 1} D{\rm)}} \\\end{array}$$\end{document} Experiments with trace amounts of C3H6 added showed a slight, but not significant, difference in product ratios (N2 and O2). From these experiments the quantum yield of O(3P) from all possible sources was estimated as 0.02 ± 0.02. Experiments with excess N2 at 1849 Å indicated that O(1S) was not produced in the direct photolysis. The O(1S) yield is probably zero, and certainly 〈0.05. The O(1D) atom can react with N2O via \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{l} \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm (2)}} & {{\rm O(}^{\rm 1} D{\rm)} + {\rm N}_{\rm 2} {\rm O} \to {\rm N}_{\rm 2} + {\rm O}_2 } \\\end{array} \\ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm (3)}} & {{\rm O(}^{\rm 1} D{\rm)} + {\rm N}_{\rm 2} {\rm O} \to 2{\rm NO}} \\\end{array} \\ \end{array}$$\end{document} The ratio k2/k3 was found to be 0.69 ± 0.05 in all cases. When combined with other data from our laboratory, the average value is 0.65 ± 0.07. This represents the value for translationally energetic O(1D) atoms. When excess He was added to remove the excess translational energy, k2/k3 rose to 0.83 ± 0.06, which is in reasonable agreement with the value of 1.01 ± 0.06 found in another laboratory. We conclude that for O(1D) atoms with no excess thermal energy, k2/k3 = 0.90 ± 0.10.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 157
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 521-527 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rate constants for the reactions of atomic oxygen (O3P) with C2H3F, C2H3Cl, C2H3Br, 1,1-C2H2F2, and 1,2-C2H2F2 have been measured at 307°K using a discharge-flow system coupled to a mass spectrometer. The rate constants for these reactions are (in units of 1011 cm3 mole-1 s-1) 2.63 ± 0.38, 5.22 ± 0.24, 4.90 ± 0.34, 2.19 ± 0.18, and 2.70 ± 0.34, respectively. For some of these reactions, the product carbonyl halides were identified.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 158
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 541-545 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pyrolysis of (CF3)2C(OH)CH2CH=CH2, the reverse of the reaction between perfluoroacetone and propene, has been studied in the gas phase between 475° and 598°K. Even at 573°K, the unimolecular reaction rate constant appears to be in its pressure-independent region at 20.0 torr pressure. In a quartz vessel, the decomposition is homogeneous. The specific unimolecular rate constant is \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$k = T^{1/2} 10[^{(10.3 \pm 0.10) - (\frac{{40300 \pm 300}}{{4.575T}})}]\sec ^{ - 1}$$\end{document} where the limits are for one standard deviation. Combining these results with the previously reported results on the reverse reaction, the equilibrium constant for the reaction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm C}_{\rm 3} {\rm H}_{\rm 6} + {\rm CF}_{\rm 3} {\rm COCF}_{\rm 3} {\rm \rightleftharpoons(CF}_{\rm 3} {\rm)}_{\rm 2} {\rm C(OH)CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm CH = CH}_{\rm 2}$$\end{document} is \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$k_p = 10[^{(1/4.575)(-34.0 \pm 1.0) + (\frac{{18700 \pm 400}}{T})}]atm^{ - 1}$$\end{document} It is noteworthy that in the temperature range of the study of the forward reaction (448° to 573°K), the percentage of back reaction in the times of the experiments varies from less than 0.1 to 1.5. Using group additivities and the above ΔH0, ΔHf0 of (CF3)2CO is calculated to be -325.2 kcal/mole at 600°K and the average C—C bond is 42.0 kcal/mole.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 159
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972) 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 160
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 591-637 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An e×tensive table is given of the Kassel integral \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$I(S,B,D) = \Gamma \mathop {(S)}\limits^1 \int_0^\infty {\frac{{x^{S - 1} e^{ - x} dx}}{{1 + 10^D \left({\frac{x}{{B + x}}} \right)^{S - 1} }}}$$\end{document} that occurs in the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel theory of unimolecular gas reactions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 161
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 639-644 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electron transfer involving triplet molecules of anthraquinone sulfonates has been studied by flash photolysis. It was revealed that semiquinone radicals were formed in one-electron oxidation of carbonate anions. Absorption spectra and the kinetics of decay transients in aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic solutions have been studied.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 162
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 645-655 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal decompositions of 1-chloro-1-fluoroethane and 1-chloro-1,1-difluorethane at atmospheric pressure have been studied in the temperature range 500-600°C in a flow system. The dehydrochlorinations are homogenous in a carbonaceous reactor and unimolecular. The rate constants are given by \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$k_{\rm I} = 10^{13.94 \pm 0.05} \exp (- 57,015 \pm 200/RT)^{\sec - 1}$$\end{document} and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$k_{{\rm II}} = 10^{14.35 \pm 0.12} \exp (- 60,200 \pm 500/RT)^{\sec - 1}$$\end{document} The criteria for molecular or chain processes in thermal dehydrochlorinations are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 163
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 575-589 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of NO2 with C2F4 was studied at 30°, 68°, 114°, and 157°C by in situ monitoring the infrared absorption bands of the products. The major primary products of the reaction are O2NCF2CFO and FNO. Smaller amounts of CF2O (and presumably NO) are also produced. There was no evidence for other primary products, though they may have been produced in minor amounts. The rate laws for the production of both O2NCF2CFO and CF2O are first order in both [NO2] and [C2F4]. CF2O production is at least partly heterogeneous as demonstrated by packing the quartz reaction vessel with Pyrex beads and by using a Monel cell. The homogeneous rate constant obtained from the high-temperature results gives a rate constant of 3.4 × 108 exp (minus;17000/RT) M-1sec-1 for CF2O production. Actually these Arrhenius parameters represent lower limits, since the heterogeneous reaction may still be playing a significant role. The production rate of O2NCF2CFO is not much affected by changing the nature of the surface or the surface to volume ratio. However the reaction may be heterogeneous, since the rate constant for its formation of 1.3 × 104 e×p (-7500/RT) M-1sec-1 has an abnormally low pree×ponential factor. E×periments in the presence of NO indicate that the mechanism for O2NCF2CFO formatlon is \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{l} \begin{array}{*{20}c} {(11)} & {{\rm NO}_{\rm 2} + {\rm C}_{\rm 2} {\rm F}_{\rm 4} \to {\rm O}_{\rm 2} {\rm NCF}_{\rm 2} {\rm CF}_{\rm 2} } \\ \end{array} \\ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {(12)} & {{\rm O}_{\rm 2} + {\rm NCF}_{\rm 2} {\rm CF}_{\rm 2} + {\rm NO}_{\rm 2} \to {\rm O}_{\rm 2} {\rm NCF}_{\rm 2} {\rm CFO} + {\rm FNO}} \\ \end{array} \\ \end{array}$$\end{document} The intermediate can also react with NO: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{*{20}c} {(13)} & {{\rm O}_{\rm 2} {\rm NCF}_{\rm 2} {\rm CF}_{\rm 2} + {\rm NO} \to {\rm O}_{\rm 2} {\rm NCF}_{\rm 2} {\rm CF}_{\rm 2} {\rm NO}} \\ \end{array}$$\end{document} with k13/k12 = 1.3.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 164
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 132 (1970), S. 107-157 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Differentiation ; Down feathers ; Electron microscopy ; Keratinization ; Keratohyalin granules ; Periderm granules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology of the developing chick feather germ (down feather) was studied at the ultrastructural level from 8 to 18 days of incubation. The process of keratinization in the developing feather germ was described, discussed and compared to keratinization in mammalian skin and hair. This study has shown that: 1. Apico-basal gradients of differentiation and different cell types are recognizable at the ultrastructural level in the developing feather germ. 2. The hypothesis that keratin is synthesized de novo by ribosomes is probably correct, because the largest number of these organelles is present at the time when keratin formation is most prominent. 3. Intercellular gaps in the developing feather germs facilitate the reorientation and rearrangement of different cell types into definitive feather structures. 4. The sources of nutrition and energy for the completion of keratinization during later developmental stages of feather germs are the supportive and the barb medullary cells and large stores of glycogen. 5. Keratohyalin granules are not precursors of feather keratin, since no such structures were observed in feather germs. 6. Two distinct modes of keratinization occur in feather germs. Keratinization in sheath cells is similar to that which occurs in mammalian epidermal cells. Barb and barbule cell keratinization resembles that of hair. 7. The basal lamina is probably involved in transport of synthetic material from the pulp cavity to the epidermal cells. The lamina may also provide mechanically strong connections between the feather germ and the dermis. It is suggested that desmosomal tonofilaments provide a framework which orients the synthesis of keratin. It is also suggested that the periderm granules provide mechanically weak areas in the sheath and facilitate the fragmentation of this structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 165
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 130 (1970), S. 216-233 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Guinea-pig ; Placenta ; Syncytiotrophoblast ; Fetal capillaries ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde elektronenmikroskopisch die reife Hauptplacenta von 31 Meerschweinchen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß das Organ aus, drei morphologisch unterscheidbaren Gebieten aufgebaut ist: Interlobär- und, Randsyncytium, Läppchenperipherie und Läppchenzentrum. Zwischen diesen Zonen befinden sich noch zwei Übergangszonen, die die Eigenschaften der angrenzenden Hauptgebiete haben. Das Interlobär- und Randsyncytium enthält keine fetalen Capillaren, besitzt, aber teilweise ein sehr gut entwickeltes endoplasmatisches Reticulum mit zum Teil parallel angeordneten Zisternen sowie vielen Einschlüssen und verschiedenartigen vacuolären Gebilden. Nach dem Vorkommen dieser Bestandteile unterscheiden wir vier unregelmäßig verteilte Syncytioplasmazonen: a) mit vielen Vacuolen, b) mit vielen Filamenten, c) mit Vacuolen und Filamenten und d)— am häufigsten — Gebiete, die fast frei von derartigen Strukturen sind. Der Trophoblast besitzt an der den mütterlichen Lacunen zugewandten Oberfläche viele Mikrovilli und unterschiedliche polypartige Gebilde. Die Läppchenperipherie ist reich an fetalen Capillaren. Die Trophoblastbalken sind dünn und zeigen unterschiedlichen Organellengehalt. Oft kommen viele Vesikel vor. Das endoplasmatische Reticulum ist um die mitochondrien angeordnet. Das Läppchenzentrum zeigt häufig eine vacuolisierte, netzartige Struktur. Im Syncytiotrophoblast sowie in den Endothelzellen werden ausgedehnte endoplasmatische Zisternen gesehen. Die Oberfläche der fetalen Capillaren besitzt viele polypartige Gebilde. In funktioneller Hinsicht wird das Rand- und Interlobärsyncytium mit der Proteinsynthese in Zusammenhang gebracht. Trotz des Fehlens embryonaler Gefäße können sich hier Resorptionsvorgänge abspielen (positive ATP'ase-Reaktion). In der Läppchenperipherie überwiegt möglicherweise der Austausch der Atemgase und niedermolekularer Substanzen. Das Läppchenzentrum scheint wieder in Beziehung zum Proteinaustausch und zum Lipidumsatz zu stehen. Es gibt Hinweise, daß über alle Placentazonen hinweg eine lebhafte Cytoplasmaströmung erfolgt.
    Notes: Summary The mature main placenta of 31 guinea-pigs was investigated by means of electron microscopy. It is shown that the organ consists of 3 morphologically different regions, i.e. interlobar and marginal syncytium, lobular periphery and lobular centre. Between these regions there are 2 transitional zones having the morphological characteristics of both adjacent main regions. The interlobar and marginal syncytium is devoid of fetal capillaries However, in some parts it has an extremely developed endoplasmic reticulum, in parts of which the cisternae are arranged in parallel. In addition it has many inclusions and various vacuolated structures. According to the presence or absence of these structures four irregularly distributed syncytioplasma zones can be distinguished: a) containing large numbers of vacuoles, b) containing large numbers of filaments, c) containing vacuoles and filaments and d)— the main group —regions which are almost entirely free from these structures. On the surface facing the maternal lacunae the trophoblast has an abundance of microvilli as well as various polypoid structures. The lobular periphery is rich in fetal capilaries. The trabeculae of the trophoblast are thin and show a varying of organelles. Frequently large numbers of vesicles are observed. The endoplasmic reticulum is arranged around the mitochondria. The lobular centre frequently shows a vacuolized net-like structure. Extensive endoplasmic cisternae are observed in the syncytiotrophoblast as well as in the endothelial cells. The surface of the fetal capillaries shows an abundance of polypoid structures. From a functional point of view it seems likely that the interlobar and marginal syncytium is involved in protein synthesis. Despite the lack of fetal capillaries, absorptive processes can take place in this region. It is suggested that the main function of the lobular periphery is exchange of the respiratory gases and of substances of low molecular weight. The lobular centre seems to be associated with protein synthesis and lipid turnover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 166
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 10 (1970), S. 276-282 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Chlorpromazine ; Rabbit hypothalamus ; Glycogen ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tuber cinereum of hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex and caudate nucleus of rabbits were examined under the electron microscope following intramuscular administration of chlorpromazine with special consideration of ultrastructural changes in amount and distribution of glycogen granules in their hypothalamus. In these regions, normal astrocytes and their processes contain glycogen granules diffusely scattered in the cytoplasm. In the neurons of the normal hypothalamus and cerebellar cortex, glycogen granules are seen in some presynaptic endings and distal parts of dendrites but not in the perikaryal cytoplasm. In the tuber cinereum of the hypothalamus, after chlorpromazine administration, abundant glycogen granules accumulate at the postsynaptic sites, especially in peripheric parts of dendrites, and clusters of glycogen granules appear in the perikaryal cytoplasm of the nerve cells. These findings are interpreted as an increase of glycogen in these cellular regions and the suggestion is made that chlorpromazine inhibits the glycolytic metabolism in the distal parts of dendrites, particularly at postsynaptic sites and in the perikarya of nerve cells of the hypothalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 167
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 11 (1970), S. 387-391 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Trifluoperazine ; Rabbit pallidum ; Glycogen ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following administration of trifluoperazine (a psychotropic drug of the phenothiazine group), the brains of rabbits were examined by electron microscopy, with special reference to the glycogen changes in the globus pallidus, and were compared with the normal materials. After seven days' intramuscular injections of trifluoperazine (10 mg/kg/day), abundant glycogen granules were accumulated in dendrites of pallidum. Those animals showed extrapyramidal symptoms throughout the period. The administration of the drug might inhibit either neural activity or the glycolytic metabolism in dendrites of the pallidum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 168
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 10 (1970), S. 1-16 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebral cortex ; Laminar lesions ; Degeneration ; Dendrites ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological characteristics of dendrites in layers of the cerebral cortex above laminar lesions induced by ionizing particle irradiation have been studied in the striate field of rat at various survival times. Within two weeks following irradiation an increasing number of dendrites display unusual alterations inferred to be signs of degeneration. Degenerating dendrites can be characterized by a dense cytoplasmic matrix, disruption of mitochondria, presence of dense bodies, irregular outline and a marked alteration of the plasmalemma in its dimensions and staining properties. Some degenerating dendrites possess a large accumulation of dense subsynaptic material and are contacted by synapses with enlarged and altered synaptic clefts. A few dendrites contain extensive membranous whorls. Engulfment by reactive astrocyte processes is a common feature and often includes the presynaptic axonal knob, but only the degenerating dendrite has been observed within glial cytoplasm. The inference that the majority of degenerating dendrites in this material are apical dendrites of pyramidal cells suggests that either shaft synapses are common for these cells, protuberances may retract during degeneration, or spines are lost due to loss of afferent terminals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 169
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 11 (1970), S. 528-538 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Visual pathway ; Hypothalamus ; Arcuate nucleus ; Rat ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Degenerating nerve fibres and boutons were searched with the aid of the electron microscope in the arcuate nucleus of rats 2–7 days after bilateral destruction of the retina. In the arcuate nucleus of the control animals as well as in the operated animals, 4 types of boutons were distinguished on the basis of vesicular contents and glial ensheathment. In the operated animals changes interpreted as degenerating were found in small myelinated axons and boutons of type II (boutons containing both synaptic and granular vesicles). The changes were similar to those described in the literature as the “dark” type of degeneration in experimentally interrupted axons and boutons. Similar changes were not found in the unoperated animals. The conclusion is reached, that a small number of fibres of the optic tract reach the arcuate nucleus to terminate here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 170
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 111 (1970), S. 316-345 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Histophysiology of median eminence ; Avian neurohypophysis ; Neurosecretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les effets de l'adénohypophysectomie et de diverses sollicitations de l'axe hypothalamo-hypophysio-corticosurrénalien sur l'ultrastructure de l'Eminence Médiane (E.M.) ont été étudiés chez le Pigeon. 1. Chez le Pigeon entier, l'Eminence Médiane Caudale (E.M.C.) se distingue de l'Eminence Médiane Rostrale (E.M.R.) essentiellement par l'absence dans les deux couches les plus externes (couches palissadique et superficielle) de l'E.M.C. de granules de gros calibres (1600 à 1900 Å), la rareté de granules de diamètre moyen (1200–1400 Å) et la prédominance de petites vésicules à cœur dense de 600–800 Å. 2. La préhypophysectomie entraine: a) dans l'E.M.R. la quasi disparition de granulations dans les deux couches externes; b) dans l'E.M.C. la ≪vidange≫ de nombreux axones, mais un enrichissement relatif, parmi les granulations restantes, des granulations de gros calibre (1600–1900 Å) aux dépens des granules de plus petit calibre. 3. Un shock insulinique entraine des modifications du même ordre: a) déplétion des granules denses, limitée dans ce cas à la portion la plus antérieure des deux couches externes de l'E.M.R.; b) enrichissement relatif des granulations de moyen (1200–1400 Å) et de gros (1600–1900 Å) calibre dans l'E.M.C. avec, en plus dans l'E.M.C., un enrichissement en vésicules de type synaptique. 4. Un traitement à la métopirone produit un accroissement du nombre des granulations de moyen (1200–1400 Å) calibre dans les couches externes de l'E.M.R. et de l'E.M.C., et un enrichissement important de l'E.M.C. en vésicules de type synaptique. 5. Le traitement à la prednisolone conduit à un enrichissement très marqué des couches externes de l'E.M.R. en grains de 1200–1400 Å, et à un enrichissement des couches externes de l'E.M.C. en granulations de 1000 Å. Ces résultats sont discutés dans la perspective des régulations hypothalamo-corticotropes, particulièrement en ce qui concerne les granules de 1200–1400 Å.
    Notes: Summary The effects of adenohypophysectomy, and of several experimental interventions on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal cortical axis have been studied in relation to the fine structure of the median eminence in the pigeon. 1. In control animals, the following morphological features of the caudal median eminence (C.M.E.) distinguish it from the rostral median eminence (R.M.E.): a) the absence in both external layers of the C.M.E. of large (1,600–1,900 Å) electron-dense granules, b) the presence in the C.M.E. of a small number of medium-size (1,200–1,400 Å) granules, and c) the predominance in the C.M.E. of small (600–800 Å) dense-core vesicles. 2. Adenohypophysectomy leads to: a) almost complete disappearance of electron-dense granules in both external layers of the R.M.E., and b) “emptying” of numerous axons and a relative increase in the number of large (1,600–1,900 Å) granules in the C.M.E. 3. Insulin shock produces modifications similar to those of adenohypophysectomy. The depletion of electron-dense granules from the axons is, however, restricted to the most anterior part of the R.M.E., and, in the C.M.E., the relative increase in the number of larger granules affects the 1,200–1,400 Å and the 1,600–1,900 Å size granules. 4. Metopirone enhances the number of medium-size (1,200–1,400 Å) granules in the external layers of both the R.M.E. and the C.M.E. and causes a significant increase in the number of synaptic-like vesicles in the C.M.E. 5. Prednisolone treatment leads to a marked enrichment of the external layers of the R.M.E. with 1,200–1,400 Å granules, and of the external layers of the C.M.E. with 1,000 Å granules. These results have been discussed with special reference to the hypothalamic control of the adrenocorticotropic function, especially reviewing the role of the 1,200–1,400 Å granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 171
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 106 (1970), S. 451-472 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hemocytopoiesis ; Insects ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mikroskopische Beobachtungen an normalen „phagozytären Geweben“ (im Sinne der älteren Autoren) entlang des dorsalen Diaphragmas der beiden Orthopteren-Arten Gryllus bimaculatus und Locusta migratoria zeigen übereinstimmend, daß diese Bildungen eine hematopoietische Struktur haben. Bei beiden Arten entwickeln sich die blutbildenden Stammzellen aus einer großen Anzahl sog. Retikularzellen mesodermalen Ursprungs, die den Retikularzellen der blutbildenden Gewebe der Vertebrata sehr stark ähneln. Wie bei den Vertebrata differenzieren sich bei den Insekten die Blutzellen in sog. isogenen Zellgruppen von gleichem Typus und gleichem Entwicklungsstadium. Die starke phagozytäre Neigung der Retikularzellen erklärt, warum die blutbildenden Gewebe der Orthoptera von den älteren Autoren als phagozytäre Organe angesprochen wurden. Die hämatopoietische Differenzierung der Retikularzellen in reife Blutzellen (Haemozyten) findet entweder in einem lockeren Gewebe entlang des dorsalen Blutgefäßes, wie bei Locusta, statt, oder im inneren mehrerer, an das Herz gebundener, hoch organisierter blutbildender Organe, wie bei Gryllus, die noch stärker an die klassischen Strukturen der Vertebrata erinnern. Wir beschreiben im einzelnen beide Strukturtypen, insbesondere bei Gryllus die Einteilung der Organe in einen Cortex, in dem sich die Blutzellen bilden, und eine Medulla, in welcher sich die reifen Haemozyten ansammeln können. Nach starken Blutverlusten zeigen besonders die blutbildenden Gewebe von Gryllus eine dramatische Stimulierung der Hämatopoiese an; die Punktion der hämatopoietischen Organe kann also ebenfalls experimentell nachgewiesen werden.
    Notes: Summary Microscopic observations of the normal “phagocytic tissues” (in the sense of the classic authors) of the dorsal diaphragm in the two Orthopterans Gryllus bimaculatus and Locusta migratoria unequivocally demonstrate the hematopoietic nature of these cellular accumulations. In the two species, the hematopoietic elements develop from a large number of so-called reticular cells of mesodermic origin, which resemble closely the reticular cells of the hematopoietic organs of Vertebrates. As it is the case in Vertebrates, the differentiation of the hematopoietic elements into mature blood cells occurs in the two Orthopterans also in isogenic cell islets. The phagocytic activity of the reticular cells explains the fact that these organs were classically considered in the Orthopterans as simple phagocytic organs. The hematopoietic differentiation of the reticular cells can occur either in a poorly organized, loose tissue located along the dorsal vessel, as is the case in Locusta, or in a group of highly organized hematopoietic organs, as in Gryllus, which resemble far more the classical hematopoietic structures of Vertebrates. We give a detailed description of both types of organization, especially of the subdivision in Gryllus, of the hematopoietic organs into a cortex, where the haemocytes differentiate, and a medulla, where they can accumulate. After severe hemorrhages, the hematopoietic organs of Gryllus show all the features of a dramatic stimulation of hematopoiesis; their function can thus be experimentally demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 172
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 106 (1970), S. 523-538 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ependyma ; Intracytoplasmic lipid bodies ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei erwachsenen Feuersalamandern und bei Salamanderlarven konnten in Ependymzellen sowie in subependymären Zellelementen des Gehirns und Rückenmarks zahlreiche rundliche intrazytoplasmatische Körper von starker Osmiophilie beobachtet werden, deren Durchmesser bis zu 12 μ betrug. Vereinzelt fanden sich diese voluminösen Gebilde auch im Cytoplasma von Satellitenzellen der Hirnnerven- und Spinalganglien. Das histochemische Verhalten und das Ultrastrukturbild der intrazytoplasmatischen Körper sprechen dafür, daß sie hauptsächlich aus Lipiden bestehen. Ihre funktionelle Bedeutung konnte bisher nicht eindeutig geklärt werden.
    Notes: Summary The ependymal and subependymal cells of the ventricular system and the central canal in adult und larval salamanders contain numerous unusually large intracytoplasmic osmiophilic spherical bodies with a diameter of up to 12 μ. Sporadically the bodies are found within satellite cells of peripheral ganglia. Histochemical and ultrastructural examination suggests that the bodies consist mainly of lipids. Their functional significance is unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 173
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 109 (1970), S. 384-397 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Heart muscle cells ; Electron microscopy ; Quantitative ; Asphyxia ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Normale und hypoxische Herzmuskelzellen aus der Wand des linken Ventrikels der Ratte wurden quantitativ-morphologisch anhand von elektronenmikroskopischen Längsschnitten nach Perfusionsfixierung untersucht. In normalen Zellen waren alle Myofibrillen relaxiert, die mittlere Sarcomerlänge betrug 2,2 μm. Die Schnittfläche wurde zu 55% von Myofibrillen, zu 27% von Mitochondrien und zu 18% von Grundplasma und Reticulum eingenommen. Die zwischen den Myofibrillen liegenden Mitochondrien waren längsoval und im Mittel 2,3mal so lang wie breit. Es bestand kein Unterschied zwischen subendokardial und subepikardial gelegenen Zellen. 10 min nach Erstickung der Tiere waren in den sonst unauffälligen Muskelzellen die Glycogengranula vermindert. Nach 20 min führte die Hypoxie zu einer Zunahme der relativen Schnittfläche der Mitochondrien um etwa 16% und zu einer beginnenden Kontraktur der Myofibrillen (Sarcomerlänge 2,0 μm). 20 min Hypoxie in Hypothermie (25–30°C intrathorakal) veränderte die normale Zellstruktur dagegen kaum. Wenn die Herzen während der 20 min dauernden Hypoxie in Normothermie mit einer procainhaltigen sauerstoff- und glucosefreien Blutersatzlösung durchspült wurden, waren die Myofibrillen relaxiert, die Schwellung der Mitochondrien dagegen wurde nicht reduziert. 30 min nach Erstickung wurde die Kontraktur stärker (Sarcomerlänge 1,7 μm). Nach 60 min bildeten sich Superkontraktionsknoten, einzelne Myofibrillen waren in Höhe der I-Bänder unterbrochen. Die Cristae der Mitochondrien wichen auseinander, die Schnittfläche der Mitochondrien hatte um 27% zugenommen. Während in Normotherapie eine Asphyxie des Tieres bereits nach 10 min die Herzmuskelzellen funktionell schwer schädigt, ist die Schädigung morphologisch erst nach 20 min eindeutig. Das bedeutet, daß für die elektronenmikroskopische Präparation eine Hypoxie von unter 10 min bedeutungslos ist. Hinsichtlich der morphologischen Manifestationszeit für die Unterbrechung der Sauerstoffversorgung stimmen unsere Befunde an Herzmuskelzellen gut mit vergleichbaren Angaben an Leberzellen überein.
    Notes: Summary In heart muscle cells of the left ventricle of rats the distribution of cell organelles and their reaction to hypoxia were investigated by electron microscopy. In normal hearts fixed by perfusion with aldehydes, the mean sarcomere length was 2.2 μm. 27% of the longitudinal sectional area was occupied by mitochondria, 55% by myofibrils and 18% by sarcoplasmic reticulum and ground plasm. The mitochondria situated in rows between the fibrils were oval and measured 2.3 times more in length than in width. There was no difference between cells from subendocardial and subepicardial regions. 10 min hypoxia (complete occlusion of the trachea) did not affect the appearance of muscle cells but diminished the number of glycogen granules. After 20 minutes the area occupied by mitochondria was increased by 16%, the mitochondria between the myofibrils were more spherical and only 1.5 times longer than wide. The sarcomeres shortened to 2.0 μm. With hypothermia (25–30°C) hypoxia of 20 minutes duration did not affect the cell structure. Perfusion of the heart by a saline solution, which contained procaine but neither oxygen nor glucose, for 20 minutes prevented shortening of the sarcomeres but not swelling of the mitochondria. 30 minutes after occlusion of the trachea the myofibrils shortened to a sarcomere length of 1.7 μm. After 60 minutes irregularly and excessively contracted myofibrils appeared and some sarcomeres were interrupted at the level of the I-bands. In some of the swollen mitochondria the cristae were widely separated. The increase of the area occupied by mitochondria was 27%. Asphyxia affects heart muscle cells severely with respect to function within 10 min, but morphologically it takes 20 min before a definite effect can be noticed. As to the time after which lack of oxygen is manifested morphologically, our results are consistent with findings in liver cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 174
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 109 (1970), S. 431-449 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Contractile ring ; Cytokinesis ; Cell division ; Cytochalasin B ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Techniques of individual cell selection and precise ultramicrotomy have been employed to demonstrate that the contractile ring of cleaving HeLa cells is a transitory cytoplasmic organelle of distinctive fine structure and location. The contractile ring is an uninterrupted annulus encircling the equator of dividing cells exactly where the cleavage furrow forms. It is about 10 microns wide, up to 0.2 microns in thickness, and is composed exclusively of circumferentially aligned thin filaments 40–70 Å in diameter. Contractile ring filaments appear to be associated with the overlying plasma membrane. Controlled experiments with a mold metabolite (cytochalasin B) reveals that within a few minutes the drug abolishes the ability of HeLa cells to undergo cytokinesis. Cytochalasin B seems to decompose the contractile ring. It has no other clearly identifiable effects on other cell structures, notably the mitotic apparatus. Cytochalasin B is the only drug known which selectively inhibits cytokinesis in animal cells. In conclusion, the contractile ring is the most likely organelle responsible for cytokinesis in HeLa cells. Similar organelles probably occur in all cleaving animal cells. Successful cleavage depends upon the structural and functional integrity of the contractile ring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 175
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 110 (1970), S. 153-165 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Reptiles ; Skin ; Keratin ; Electron microscopy ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The different patterns of keratin formation that have evolved in the class Reptilia are all variations of a common process. In Squamata (snakes and lizards), a sequence of layers composed of α or β keratin is formed periodically, after which the old epidermal generation is shed. In Chelonia (turtles and tortoises), the epidermis of the shell is composed of only β keratin, whereas the skin of the neck and leg is composed exclusively of α keratin. Molting in toto does not occur and shedding is a continuous process comparable to that in avian and mammalian epidermis. In Crocodilia (crocodiles, caimans, alligators) there is only a single layer of cornified cells, but the composition of the layer varies in different parts of the scale. The hinge regions have many of the morphological characteristics of α and β keratin whereas the center resembles β keratin. The living cells beneath contain accumulations of keratohyalin. There are four ultrastructural characteristics of a keratinized α layer: 1) cellular outlines remain distinct, 2) a thickened plasma membrane forms during keratinization, 3) 80 Å filaments embedded in an amorphous matrix can be seen, and 4) PAS-positive material accumulates in extracellular spaces between the desmosomes. The β layer exhibits none of these features. Instead the cells more or less (depending on species) coalesce into a compact layer which becomes attenuated in the hinge regions. A 30 Å filament pattern can be seen. The mesos layer of squamates resembles the hinge region of crocodilians, exhibiting a combination of the characteristics of both α and β keratin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 176
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 106 (1970), S. 309-321 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Red nucleus ; Substantia nigra ; Neuroglia ; Pericytes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology of perivascular and perineuronal cells in the substantia nigra and red nucleus was studied in Nissl, silver carbonate, and electron microscopic preparations. In light microscopic preparations of the red nucleus and substantia nigra oligodendrocytes and astrocytes are located adjacent to blood vessels and nerve cells. Pericytes are also found adjacent to blood vessels. Scattered perineuronal oligodendrocytes and astrocytes are present in the magnocellular portion of the red nucleus and in the substantia nigra, whereas a distinguishing morphological feature of the parvocellular portion of the red nucleus is the clustering of perineuronal oligodendrocytes around a single neuron. In the present electron micrographs of the red nucleus and substantia nigra oligodendrocytes are separated from the vascular basement membrane (basal lamina) by astrocyte processes and therefore are not truly perivascular. Pericytes are easily identified by the basement membrane which encompasses their cell bodies and processes. Characteristic of the neuropil in the red nucleus are astrocytic processes that approximate dendrites. In contrast, astrocytic processes in the substantia nigra rarely contact dendrites which are covered by a mosaic of synaptic endings. A “third type of neuroglial element” is also present in the neuropil of the substantia nigra and the red nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 177
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 108 (1970), S. 324-338 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human myocardium ; Innervation ; Nerve endings ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscope studies of axons, distributing singly or in small bundles in the human ventricular and atrial myocardium, indicate a few per-cent of the axon profiles to be significantly large in diameter (1.5–3.0 μ). They are characteristically packed with a profuse number of mitochondria along with large granular vesicles, glycogen rosettes, lysosomic bodies; and some of them terminate on a “specific terminal cell” (Knoche and Schmitt). These mitochondria-rich, large axons are assumed to be terminal portions of the cardiac afferents. About half of the axons encountered in the ventricle and 2/3 in the atrium are non-vesiculated, usually less than 0.5 μ. in diameter. The varicosities containing numerous vesicles are mostly 0.5–1.5 μ in diameter and are assumed to be terminal portions of the cardiac efferents. The ratio between the number of axon profiles containing small granular vesicles and that of axon profiles containing agranular vesicles without small granular vesicles is 2∶1 in the ventricular myocardium and 1∶1.7 in the atrial myocardium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 178
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 109 (1970), S. 33-45 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Testis ; Interstitial cells ; Reptiles ; Hormone Production ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'ultrastructure des cellules interstitielles du testicule de Lacerta vivipara a été étudiée entre le printemps et l'automne pendant deux années. Le retioulum endoplasmique lisse, et les mitochondries à crêtes tabulaires sont les organites les plus remarquables comme dans les autres cellules productrices de stéroïdes, mais les liposomes et l'appareil de Golgi sont bien représentés aussi. Les variations ultrastructurales les plus significatives apparaissent entre le printemps et le début de l'été. Au printemps, alors que les caractères sexuels secondaires sont hypertrophiés, un système remarquable de vésicules et de vacuoles se développe à partir du reticulum et probablement aussi du Golgi. Au début de l'été, lorsque les caractères sexuels secondaires sont atrophiés, les vacuoles sont moins nombreuses et le reticulum forme un réseau dense de tubules typiques, souvent étroitement associés aux liposomes; les crêtes mitochondriales sont gonflées. Ces images sont discutées en fonction de l'activité saisonnière d'élaboration d'hormones. L'hypertrophie des systèmes membranaires au printemps correspond probablement à la production ou (et) à l'excrétion des hormones androgènes. Au début de l'été, la cellule n'élabore pas d'androgènes, mais n'est peut-être pas complètement inactive: elle pourrait stocker des précurseurs hormonaux.
    Notes: Summary Interstitial cells of the testis of Lacerta vivipara have been studied electronmicroscopically in animals obtained between spring and autumn. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria with tubular cristae are the most prominent organels, lipid droplets and Golgi apparatus being also well developed. The most significant ultrastructural changes occur between spring and the beginning of summer. In spring, during the hypertrophy of secondary sexual characters, a conspicuous system of vesicles and vacuoles originates from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and probably also from the Golgi apparatus. At the beginning of summer, when secondary sexual characters are atrophied, vacuoles are less prominent and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum consists of a dense network of typical tubules, often closely associated with the lipid droplets; the cristae of the mitochondria are swollen. These ultrastructural findings are discussed in relation to the production of hormones. The hypertrophy of membrane systems in spring corresponds presumably to production or (and) release of androgen hormones. In the beginning of summer the cell does not produce androgens, but probably is not completely inactive: it may store precursors of hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 179
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Gastropoda ; Fluorescence ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch Vergleich fluoreszenz- und elektronenmikroskopischer Untersuchungen am zentralen Nervensystem von Planorbarius corneus L. wird nachgewiesen, daß in den Schlundringganglien Neurosekretzellen vorkommen (Nachweis mit Pseudoisocyaninchlorid), die mit Nervenzellen nicht identisch sind, die durch ihren hohen Gehalt an biogenen Aminen auffallen (Nachweis durch die Methode von Falck und Owman, 1965). Es können daher im Schlundring von Planorbarius corneus peptiderge und aminerge Neurosekretzellen unterschieden werden. Die PSC-positiven Neurosekretzellen enthalten elektronendichte Elementargrana und die aminergen Neurone „dense-core“ Vesikel. Der Nachweis biogener Amine in einigen Nervenzellen von Planorbarius corneus spicht für deren chemische Identität mit Transmittersubstanzen, ihre hohe Konzentration aber für eine Abgabe in die Körperflüssigkeit.
    Notes: Summary The neurosecretory system of the snail Planorbarius corneus has been investigated by fluorescence and electron microscopy. With the fluorochrome Pseudoisocyanin the established neurosecretory system in the cerebral ganglia and single neurosecretory cells in the other ganglia show an intensive yellow fluorescence. Electron micrographs reveal the presence of electron dense granules (elementary granules) in the pericarya and the axons of neurones which have the same localisation in the ganglia as the pseudoisocyanin-positive cells. The fluorescence technique for biogenic amines produces yellow and green fluorescence within neurons and in the neuropil and nerves. The fluorescence obtained in determinable areas and neurones correlates well with the electron microscopic location of “dense-core” vesicles within the pericarya and axons of cells in even the same areas. It is discussed, that in this animal both types of cells are so-called “neurosecretory cells”, because the high content of elementary granules in the “peptidergic neurosecretory cells” and of “dense-core” vesicles in the “aminergic neurosecretory cells” is an indication for secretion of these products in neurohaemal areas (circulatory channels).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 180
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 110 (1970), S. 321-335 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thymus ; Lymphocyte ; Analysis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thymic small lymphocytes of dd-mice were qualitatively and quantitatively studied by electron microscopy. Differences in fine structure were revealed between cortical and medullary small lymphocytes. Cortical small lymphocytes are rounded in cell outline with a round nucleus. The cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus as a narrow rim is scanty and appears relatively dense due to an abundance of free ribosomes. The cell organelles are not well developed. On the other hand, medullary small lymphocytes are more irregular in shape with uneven cell membranes. Their nuclei are also more irregular in outline with frequent infoldings of the nuclear membrane. The cytoplasm is more abundant and paler with less numerous ribosomes. The cell organelles are better developed. Quantitative analysis was made of both cortical and medullary small lymphocytes by means of the point counting method. The nuclei of both cortical and medullary small lymphocytes are almost the same in size (a diameter of 4.9 μ). The cell sizes are different between cortical and medullary lymphocytes: cortical small lymphocytes with a diameter of 5.5 μ were smaller than medullary ones with a diameter of 6.4 μ. Cortical small lymphocytes are very sensitive to the destructive effects of hydrocortisone, whereas the medullary ones are resistant. Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath in the splenic white pulp, which is known to be a thymus-dependent area, contains small lymphocytes that were similar in cytological details to medullary small lymphocytes of the thymus. In the light of the recent knowledge about a recirculating long-lived small lymphocyte pool, it appears probable that medullary small lymphocytes represent a contribution to the pool and that small lymphocytes with a long life span can be cytologically identified by electron microscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 181
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 110 (1970), S. 386-400 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Autonomic nerves ; Perineurial sheath ; Termination ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Perineurium kleiner Mesenterial- und Trachealnerven besteht aus einer Lage platter, beiderseits von einer Basalmembran umschlossener Zellen. Im Bereich von Abzweigungen kleiner Nerven bildet das Perineurium ein gekammertes, stark kollagenfibrillenhaltiges Hüllensystem. Die Endigung der einschichtigen Perineuralhülle hat die Form einer in das Interstitium geöffneten Röhre. Im ansatznahen Drittel des Mesenteriums und in der Schleimhaut der Trachea wurden ausschließlich perineuriumfreie Nerven gefunden. Es liegt nahe, diese perineuriumfreien Bezirke zu funktionellen Endräumen zusammenzufassen. In perineuriumfreien Bezirken wird das gehäufte Auftreten von Nervenauftreibungen mit Vesikeln, die Transmittersubstanz enthalten, und Mitochondrion beobachtet. Die erhobenen Befunde werden mit den an dickem Perineurium gewonnenen Ergebnissen verglichen und diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The perineurial sheath of small tracheal and mesenteric nerves consists of a layer of flat, basement membrane coated cells. Its ramifications form a complicated layered system, interspersed with collagen fibrils. The tube formed by the thin perineurial sheath ends openly, which affords communication between the respective interstitial spaces. The mesenteric nerves close to the duodenum as well as the nerves in the vicinity of the tracheal epithelium show no perineurial sheath. Peripheral nerves lacking a perineurial layer seem to be close to their terminations. Their fibers show varicosities containing transmitter vesicles and mitochondria with longitudinally orientated cristae. Our results are compared with those found in thick, multilayered perineurial sheaths and functional differences are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 182
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 111 (1970), S. 51-63 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Purkinje cell ; Golgi apparatus ; Dendrites ; Differentiation ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology of postnatal differentiation of the Golgi apparatus, the nucleus, the perikaryon, and the dendrites was studied in Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum for 30 days after birth using histochemical, histological, and electron microscopic methods. The Golgi apparatus during differentiation undergoes morphological and positional changes. From the 1st to 7th postnatal day, the Golgi apparatus is found in a supranuclear position, and is connected with the axes of differentiating primary dendrites by beam-like processes. From days 8 to 11 this connection disappears, and most of the Golgi apparatus assumes a lateronuclear and infranuclear position. After the 11th or 12th day, the Golgi apparatus is found in perinuclear and peripheral cytoplasmic positions. The formation of granular endoplasmic reticulum occurs in the vicinity of the perinuclear Golgi apparatus. The differentiation of cell and nuclear forms requires approximately 20 days. The morphological changes of differentiation are discussed in relation to the participation of the Golgi apparatus in the differentiation of dendrites and in the formation of the granular endoplasmic reticulum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 183
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 111 (1970), S. 149-159 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rabbit ovum ; Fertilization ; Pronucleus ; Cleavage ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fertilized ova were flushed from the Fallopian tubes of New Zealand White rabbits at 15 to 30 hours after mating and examined with the electron microscope. Between 21 and 22 hours intact pronuclei with extensive interdigitation of apposing surfaces were found in most ova. In some, an appearance suggesting internuclear communication was observed. In other ova disrupted pronuclear membranes surrounded centrally placed chromosome aggregates. In still others an advanced cleavage furrow was already present. By 23 hours all ova were in the two-cell stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 184
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 103 (1970), S. 382-397 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Newborn rat ; Stereology ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of the zona glomerulosa and the zona fasciculata of the newborn rat adrenal cortex has been studied by the light and the electron microscope. The ultrastructural features of the cells of both zones are described. By morphometric methods the relative volumes occupied by mitochondria and by lipid droplets have been evaluated. The “membrane profile concentration” (i.e. the average number of microns of smooth reticulum profiles per square micron of cytoplasm) has been also measured. The most significant ultrastructural differences between the cells of the two zones concern the mitochondria, the lipid droplets, and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The mitochondria show typical lamellar cristae in the elements of the zona glomerulosa, and vesicular cristae in the cells of the zona fasciculata. They occupy the same relative volume in both elements. The lipid droplets and the smooth reticulum show no qualitative differences in the two cell types, but they are found in a larger amount in the cells of the zona fasciculata. These ultrastructural findings are discussed in relation to the numerous biochemical data, suggesting that the cells of the zona glomerulosa are resting elements at birth, while the cells of the zona fasciculata are active steroid-secreting elements already in late gestation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 185
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 103 (1970), S. 398-409 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Newborn rat ; Electron microscopy ; Lysosomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structural changes of the zona juxtamedullaris of the rat adrenal cortex at birth, have been examined by the light and the electron microscope. In this zone clusters of medullary cells lying among the strands of cortical tissue were observed. In the inner portion of the zona juxtamedullaris two types of adrenocortical cells were found: light and very-dark cells. The latter are smaller than the light cells and are always in close connection with the medullary tissue. The ultrastructural features of the very-dark cells suggest that these elements are in degeneration. This finding supports the hypothesis that at birth there is a partial degeneration of the rat zona juxtamedullaris, i.e. the zone corresponding to the “fetal zone” of some mammalian species. It is proposed that in all mammalian species at birth there is a partial regression of the zona juxtamedullaris and that the regression of the “fetal zone” is only the quantitative increase of this phenomenon. This hypothesis is discussed in relation to numerous data demonstrating that there are enzymatic conditions in the rat during fetal life, which permit a discrete hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 186
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 103 (1970), S. 341-350 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Catecholamines ; Brain ; Insects ; Electron microscopy ; Cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the brain of the cockroach Periplaneta americana, the beta lobes of the corpora pedunculata respond with an intense positive reaction to a specific fluorescence histochemical method for catecholamines. The fluorescence reaction disappears completely after prolonged treatment of the cockroaches with reserpine. An ultrastructural examination of the beta lobes in formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde-osmium fixed preparations reveals the presence of two types of fibres: 1) Fibres and nerve endings containing small clear vesicles and sligthly larger vesicles with a semi-dense content. The appearance and size distribution of these vesicles ist not affected by treatment with reserpine. 2) Fibres containing larger and denser vesicles, but practically no clear vesicles. The size distribution of these dense vesicles is only slightly affected by treatment of the cockroaches with reserpine. If brain slices are incubated in a medium containing noradrenaline or α-methyl-noradrenaline and fixed in permanganate, small vesicles with electron-dense central cores show up, similar to those which have been described in vertebrate adrenergic nerve fibres (“small granular vesicles”). They are confined to one of the two types of fibres (a and b) visible in these preparations, namely to type b, whose correspondence with type 2 fibres of formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde-osmium fixed preparations is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 187
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 104 (1970), S. 345-357 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Photoreceptor ; Lumbricus ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Feinstruktur der Photorezeptorzellen in der Epidermis, in kleineren Nervenästen und im Zerebralganglion von Lumbricus terrestris wurde untersucht. Das Vorhandensein eines zentralen, intrazellulären Lumens (Phaosom), das mit Mikrozotten gefüllt ist, erinnert in der Struktur der Photorezeptorzelle des Regenwurms an Lichtsinneszellen von Hirudo. Außer Mikrozotten findet man im Phaosom einige Zilien vom Typ 9×2+0; solche Zilien sind von den Mikrozotten strukturell unabhängig. Durch eine Aufzweigung des Phaosoms in kleinere Buchten, die tief in das umgebende Zytoplasma eindringen, erhält es ein labyrinthartiges Aussehen. Glatte Zisternen in Gruppen von 2 bis 5 wurden oft um das Phaosom im Zytoplasma beobachtet. Charakteristische Bestandteile der Zelle sind noch Vesikel und Vakuolen, die mit einer Substanz von wechselnder Elektronendichte gefüllt sind. Die Photorezeptorzellen werden von Gliazellen und Gliafortsätzen umgeben, die an vielen Stellen die Zelloberfläche tief einstülpen (Trophospongium).
    Notes: Summary Photoreceptor cells in the epidermis and nerve branches of the prostomium and in the cerebral ganglion of Lumbricus terrestris were investigated with the electron microscope. The photoreceptor cell is similar to the visual cell of Hirudo by having a central intracellular cavity (phaosome) filled with microvilli. Besides microvilli, several sensory cilia can also be found in the phaosome but they are structurally independent of the microvilli. A gradual branching of the phaosome cavity into smaller cavities makes its sectional profile extremely labyrinthic. Flattened smooth-surfaced cisternae in stacks of 2 to 5 are frequently observed around the phaosome. Characteristic constituents of the cytoplasm are vesicles and vacuoles filled with a substance of varying density. The photoreceptor cell is covered by glial cells or by their processes which at many places deeply invaginate the cell surface (trophospongium).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 188
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 105 (1970), S. 176-187 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ependyma ; Salamandra maculosa ; Neuronal elements ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zwischen den eigentlichen Ependymzellen des Zentralkanals adulter Feuersalamander kommen amphorenartig gestaltete Elemente vor, die sich aufgrund ihrer synaptischen Kontakte mit Axonendigungen als Neurone identifizieren lassen. Diese intraependymalen Nervenzellen weisen einen apikalen Fortsatz auf, der sich mit einer warzen- oder knotenförmigen Protrusion in das Lumen des Zentralkanals erstreckt. Die Protrusion ist gewöhnlich mit stereozilienartigen Ausläufern besetzt. Die funktionelle Bedeutung der beschriebenen neuronalen Elemente konnte bisher nicht geklärt werden.
    Notes: Summary The ependyma of the canalis centralis of adult salamanders was examined by electron microscopy. Between the ependymal cells occur amphora-like elements identifiable as neurons by their synaptic contacts with axon terminals. These intraependymal nerve cells exhibit an apical outgrowth extending into the lumen of the canalis centralis with a wart-like or knob-like protrusion. The latter usually bears extensions resembling stereocilia. The functional significance of the neuronal elements is still unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 189
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 105 (1970), S. 515-525 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cuticle ; Rotifer ; Development ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural studies of developing Asplanchna brightwelli embryos support the following hypothetical scheme of cuticle formation. First the external hypodermal membrane invaginates, and deposition of a dense intracellular layer commences next to this membrane. Then the rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes fibrous protein which is transferred to the Golgi complex. Here polysaccharide is synthesized and added to the protein, and the resulting filamentous complex is enclosed in large irregularly shaped vesicles which bud off from the Golgi elements. Maturation of the filamentous material to condensed cuticle material occurs as the vesicles move to the invaginations. Each vesicle fuses with an invagination, thus forming a hypodermal bulb; then the cuticle material is discharged through the neck of the bulb to its extracellular location. After the bulbs are formed, new, smaller, spherical vesicles begin to bud off from the Golgi elements. They too contain the filamentous complex which is refined to condensed cuticle material as the vesicles near the bulb. These vesicles fuse with the hypodermal bulbs contributing the cuticle and membrane necessary for the growth of the hypodermis of the embryo and newborn animal. Ruthenium red staining has confirmed that the cuticle consists of glycoprotein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 190
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 28 (1970), S. 191-200 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: Acomys Cahirinus ; Retinal capillary basement membrane width ; Age modifications ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L étude morphométrique des capillaires rétiniens de souris à piquants de différents âges (3, 6, 12 et 36 mois) a démontré un épaississement des membranes basales et un élargissement des diamètres capillaires en fonction de l'âge et, en outre, l'existence d'une corrélation positive entre ces deux paramètres.
    Abstract: zusammenfassung Die morphometrische Untersuchung von Retinakapillaren verschieden Alter (3, 6, 12 und 36 Monate) Stachelmäuse (Acomys cahirinus) ergab eine altersabhängige Zunahme sowohl der Basalmembrandicke als auch des Kapillardurchmessers. Zudem wurde eine positive Korrelation zwischen diesen beiden Parametern gefunden.
    Notes: Abstract Specimens of four age groups of non-diabetic, non-obese spiny mice (Acomys Cahirinus), 3, 6, 12, 36 months old respectively, were examined for changes in retinal capillaries. Morphometrical evaluation of electron-micrographs allowed to conclude that capillary basement membrane width, as well as capillary diameter, increase during ageing: the values in the four different age groups were found to be 656, 925, 1098, 1772 Ångström units for the average basement membrane width, and 3,72, 4,08, 4,58, 5,60 microns for average capillary diameter. The differences between the age groups proved to be significant at a p 〈 0,01. Furthermore, a positive correlation between capillary diameter and capillary basement membrane width seems to be highly probable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...