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  • 1970-1974  (368)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1972  (368)
  • Chemical Engineering  (368)
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 913-922 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The combination of optimization theory and thermodynamics was used to develop a fast, reliable computerized procedure for predicting or representing multicomponent liquid-liquid phase equilibrium. Both the Renon and Black activity coefficient equations were compared with experimental data using the procedure. Experimental data for three quarternary systems from the literature were examined. Prediction of ternary data from binary data is not very reliable, although ternary data can nearly always be represented by adjustment of the predicted binary constants. Quarternary data can be predicted from accurate ternary representations of similar species provided the additional compound is from the same family group. The Renon equation is recommended rather than the Black equation.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 102
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 829-832 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The equilibrium sedimentation technique for the direct determination of the chemical potential composition derivatives of a liquid mixture is applied to the binary system acetone-carbontetrachloride. Equilibrium concentration profiles obtained in an ultracentrifuge are used with the Wilson equation to quantitatively determine the composition variation of the activity coefficients over the entire range of composition. Results agree well with previous data and indicate the technique to be accurate and reliable.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 103
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 852-853 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 104
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 866-867 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 105
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 867-869 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 106
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 877-877 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 107
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 999-1004 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new method of incorporating binary interaction data into the BWR equation is proposed. It is developed to predict phase equilibria and enthalpies for multicomponent mixtures using interaction data for 18 binaries.A calorimeter is described, together with experiments made upon it, for a 6-component simulated North Sea Gas mixture at three pressure levels from 18 to 36 bar, and over a temperature range from 373 to 188K. The experimental enthalpy results are claimed to have an accuracy of ± 0.9%. These results are compared with the predictions of the modified BWR equation. The average deviation is 1.1%, the values being negative at about 18 bar and generally positive for the higher pressures tested.
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  • 108
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1024-1029 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Orthophosphate and fluoride are simultaneously precipitated from aqueous solution, 5.26 × 10-3 M. in each, by La (III). The precipitates are cofloated by the anionic surfactant sodium laurylsulfate, with optimum flotation at pH 4.0 and a stoichiometric lanthanum concentration based on LaPO4 and LaF3. Over pH 3.5 to 6.0, better than 95% flotation of the total orthophosphate and precipitated fluoride that-are present can be floated at a molar sodium laurylsulfate to orthophosphate plus fluoride ratio of 0.023. At lower sodium laurylsulfate concentrations, the flotation decreases at pH 3.5 and 6.0 compared to pH 4.0-5.0; at pH 4.0, an increase in the La(III) concentration decreases the flotation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 109
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1060-1061 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 110
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1065-1067 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 111
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1073-1076 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 112
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1085-1086 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 113
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1087-1087 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 114
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 904-913 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The equilibrium distribution of mercuric chloride between aqueous sodium chloride solutions and a solution of tri-isooctylamine in xylene has been measured. The dependence on pH, amine concentration, mercury level, and temperature has been determined. At low pH mercury is extracted quite effectively with a distribution coefficient as high as 2,000. At high pH the mercury can be stripped from the organic solution. This extraction system offers the possibility of an effective mercury separation process for chlorine plant brines or chloride-based mercury leach liquors.A theoretical model of the extraction equilibria is developed to facilitate interpolation of the experimental data.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 115
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 923-928 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Based on a Lagrangian interpolation, a heuristic scheme is developed for the inversion of certain types of Laplace transforms and is applied to the solution of problems of interest to chemical engineers for which the exact solution is either very difficult or impossible to obtain. The solutions thus obtained are in good agreement with exact values, when available, for initial values of the transformed independent variable and may therefore be used as approximations. Three illustrative examples are presented.
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  • 116
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 967-975 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When the dusty gas diffusion equation is applied to materials containing pores with radii below 50 Å, the observed diffusion behavior in these smaller pore systems can be quite different from that predicted by the equation. Higher temperatures and in some cases higher pressures tend to lessen the deviations between prediction and experiment. The observed deviations are probably caused by surface transport and by momentum transfer between gas molecules and pore walls during molecular flight. For bimodal materials, an additional factor can be the inapplicability of the equation to systems of parallel micro- and macropores. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment occurs for large-pore unimodal systems.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 117
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1004-1009 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Methods are developed and illustrated for determining the amount of nonsatisfaction of the overall area (integrated Gibbs-Duhem equation) test for vapor-liquid equilibrium data that is to be expected on the basis of random experimental uncertainties. Data which satisfy the overall test within these limits, as well as the local area test, are said to be consistent within the bounds established by their experimental uncertainties, while data which do not are said to show significant systematic error and hence are termed inconsistent.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 118
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1020-1024 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Carman channel model for flow in packed beds is shown to apply for the minimum fluidization velocity and homogeneous fluidized beds. The channel model also provides correlations for mass transfer in the laminar flow region and heat and mass transfer for turbulent flow in a packed bed. Tube bundle data for pressure drop and heat transfer are also evaluated as a packed bed with the channel model.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 119
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1048-1052 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Design charts that give the value of the gain of a proportional sampleddata controller for various closed loop damping coefficient specifications are presented. Charts for first- and second-order processes with various deadtimes are given over a range of sampling rates.Typical root locus plots in the z plane are also presented to illustrate how increasing deadtime (as an integer multiple of the sampling period) increases the order of the system in the z domain.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 120
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1063-1065 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 121
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1082-1083 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 122
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1085-1085 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 123
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1255-1257 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 124
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1262-1263 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 125
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 13-20 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of side-wall friction on the uniformity of packing of beds in compression-permeability cells is examined. A large portion of pressure applied to the top of a compressible bad is absorbed in wall friction, resulting in a nonuniformly packed bed. A simplified analysis of wall friction and its effect on porosity and permeability is presented.All experimenters involived in flow through porous media are urged to examine the effects of stress distribution on the structure and uniformity of the packing. In general, compressible beds of small particles will be strongly affected by the walls.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 126
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 20-24 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The “complex” method of M. J. Box has been adapted and used to optimize the design of continuous chemical processes. Such a design involves the extremization of a nonlinear objective function subject of nonlinear equality and inequality constraints. The method consists of finding an original feasible “complex” of solutions, eliminating the worst of these by reflection through the controid of those remaining, and repeating until an optimum has been reached. An example of significant complexity has been solved and the results are reported. The method looks quite promising for use in the optimization of chemical process designs.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 127
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 25-30 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general treatment of entry region multicomponent mass transfer between a fully developed turbulent flow and a smooth pipe wall has been developed from a basis first derived by Toor.The couled multicomponent equations were reduced to an equivalent binary system by the method of undetermined constants. Numerical solutions for a forced convection, binary diffusion system involving gas-phase, nonequimolal diffusion were applied to a ternary system. These solutions have been found to compare well with these authors entry region mass transfer data on a ternary acetone-methonal-air mixture and with the earlier analogy theories derived for the case of an infinitely long test section.We conclude that there is a significant interaction in some multicomponent systems, enough that the binary theory can not be satisfactorily applied in the design of multicomponent mass transfer systems.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 128
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 39-42 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An activated diffusion, or site-hopping, mechanism is used to describe surface diffusion of gases through porous media. This analysis provides a useful and accurate method for correlating data at submonolayer coverages on energetically heterogeneous surfaces. The data needed to use this correlation are surface area and pore structure of the adsorbent, adsorption isotherms at two or more temperatures, and the activation energy for migration. The former quantities are easily determined from Knudsen diffusion and adsorption measurements, while the activation energy can be found from a single permeability measurement. Predictions made in this way show excellent agreement with experimental data.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 129
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 31-39 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of solids loading ratio, particle size, and gas Reynolds number on the pressure drop and flow characteristics of a dilute gas-solid suspension in turbulent pipe flow has been studied experimentally in both vertical and horizontal test sections. Glass beads of 10 to 60μ diameter were used at air Reynolds numbers of 10,000 to 25,000 and solids loading ratios of up to 2.5 Drag reduction was observed in the vertical test section for all of the particles studied, with the 30μ particles yielding a maximum drag reduction of about 75% at a loading ratio of 1.5. In the horizontal test section, drag reduction was observed only with the smallest sized particles, indicating a gravity effect. An explanation of these results based on the particles interacting with the turbulent structure of the gas near the wall has been proposed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 130
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 43-47 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Theoretical expressions are derived for the fraction of the energy, emitted from a UV lamp, which strikes the reactor wall in systems where a reflecting surface is included. Two geometries used in photoreactors are considered: a cylindrical lamp located at the focus of a superimposed parabolic reflecor. The predicted efficiencies are low, particularly for the elliptical reflector - reactor system, because of the energy that escapes through the ends of the system. Experimentally determined efficiencies for the elliptical type are in reasonable agreement with predicted values, suggesting that the theoretical method may be used for estimating efficiencies for different reactor systems.
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  • 131
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 48-51 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The sorption isotherms are reported for the β-soluble anhydrite form of calcium sulfate (Drierite) exposed to moist air at one atmosphere total pressure and 90, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200°F. A concentration-temperature coordinate has been identified which when plotted against the amount sorbed caused all isotherms to collapse into a single sorption therm. The latter has been fit by a three-term expression based on a combination of sorption theories. A graphical comparison is made between a curve calculated from the analytical expression and actual experimental datum points.Curve fitting was done by machine and involved minimizing the square of the deviations. Maximum deviations up to 4% are experienced in the high range. In the low range these tend to increase but so do the experimental errors.
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  • 132
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 51-57 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The phenomenon of flow attachment to solid surfaces, occurring with both liquids and gases, is the long-known though inadequately understood Coanda effect.A flow visualization study was made using a birefringent milling yellow dye solutions flowing over a deflection surface consisting of flat plates. A two-dimensional flow channel with transparent side walls was used. Photographic observations of the development of the Coanda effect reveal the method of flow attachment and confirm a number of literature predictions. One of the most interesting of these phenomena is the existence of a well defined mixing region along the deflection surface.A simplified model of the flow field has been proposed in order to described the mechanism governing the Coanda effect. The model is supported by experimental data consisting of pressure profiles obtained along the deflection surface and secondary flow entrainment measurements.
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  • 133
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 62-70 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Simple relationships have been obtained which can be used to predict self-diffusion coefficients of liquids with an average error of ±4%. In addition to the customary parameters, one of these equations contains the critical volume \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\frac{{\mu VD}}{{RT}} = 0.124 \times 10^{ - 16} V_{c^{2/3} }$$\end{document} whereas the other uses Lennard-Jones potential parameters \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\frac{{\mu VD}}{{RT}} = 0.129 \times 10^{ - 16} \sigma ^2 (\Omega D\Omega V)_{T_c }^{1/2}$$\end{document} Both relations were derived by using a general relation between transport coefficients of pure fluids and a molecular-kinetic-model of liquids. No use has been made either of the Stokes-Einstein relation or the absolute rate theory.By applying the same relation between transport coefficients of pure fluids to gases, an equation has been obtained which can be used to calculate consistently molecular diameters in gases as a function of temperature, using Lennard-Jones potential parameters.
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  • 134
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 70-77 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The industrial importance of mixtures of closely similar substances is out of proportion to their relatively small numbers due to their frequent occurrence and the difficulty of their separations. A procedure specially designed for the general prediction of their properties, particularly relative volatility, over a wide range of state variables is needed.Such a procedure is developed in this work for convenient application to multicomponent systems with the use of generalized functions. The relative volatility of a nearly ideal system is decomposed into ideal solution factors and nonideality factors. The first order perturbation thory of Longuet-Higgins is adopted for the calculation of the nonideality factor. The validity of the procedure for the quantitative description of real mixtures is demonstrated with the system propane/propylene for which extensive data are available.The required pure fluid properties for the general application of the procedure are reviewed. System parameters are evaluated for 15 binary systems of industrial interest.
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  • 135
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 84-89 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A kinetic model based on the most important free radical reaction steps has been developed for propane pyrolysis. The kinetic and product distribution data were obtained over a wide range of conversions at temperatures from 700 to 850°C. and with various amounts of steam or other diluents. The results of the investigation clarify the important reaction steps and the effect of the critical operating variables.
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  • 136
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 90-93 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new computational algorithm for the estimation of parameters in ordinary differential equations from noisy data is presented. The algorithm is computationally faster than quasilinearization because of the reduction of the number of ordinary differential equations that must be solved at each iteration. A modification is also presented to remove ill-posedness. The algorithm is illustrated on a simple example.
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  • 137
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 94-101 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The problem of heat transfer (and, by analogy, mass transfer) between immiscible fluids in laminar parallel flow is analyzed as a conjugated boundary value problem. Exact solutions are developed in terms of known functions by solving for the temperature fields in the two phases separately for constant boundary conditions, then generalizing the results to obtain solutions for the interfacial temperature distribution and the complete temperature field for the conjugated system. The analysis and the results of calculations for heat transfer between two immiscible films flowing down an adiabatic inclined plane are presented. It is shown that axial conduction can be included, and the effects of axial conduction in one stream are examined. The predicted Nusselt numbers are plotted versus axial position for various parameters, and the interfacial temperatures and mixed mean fluid temperatures for the two phases are plotted to elucidate the heat transfer characteristics.
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  • 138
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 102-110 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A linearized stability analysis has been applied to a fluid flowing in a gravity field between horizontal planes in Couette flow under conditons such that the temperature of the bottom plane exceeds that of the top. It is shown that, under conditions likely to be encountered with polymer solutions, oscillatory instabilities will not be controlling. Criteria are offered for ascertaining when an analysis based upon a second-order fluid model may be expected to yield physically meaningful results. It is also shown that for the fluid model considered, critical conditions for stability are not changed when disturbances which vary in the flow direction are substituted for those which are a function of the coordinate transverse to the flow.
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  • 139
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 188-193 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A computer program based on the theory of Part I is developed for calculating equilibrium ratios and related thermodynamic properties of mixtures, and a variety of data are used to test the method. For the carbon dioxide-n-butane system both liquid and gaseous compressibility factors are predicted with an average absolute deviation from experimental values of 1.3% for a wide range of conditions. A maximum deviation of 5.4% occurs in the critical region. Derivative properties such as component fugacities and equilibium ratios show somewhat larger deviations as expected. For the same system average deviations are 2.7% for carbon dioxide fugacities, 2.6% for n-butane fugacities, and 3.3% for carbon dioxide and n-butane equilibrium ratios. Average deviation for predicted equilibrium ratios for eight binary systems and 574 data points is 4.6%. Equilibrium ratios for two ternary systems are also predicted accurately. The major advantage of the method, however, is the small or negligible amount of experimental mixture data required. The method has not been tested below a mixture reduced temperature of 0.8, the lower limit of the Pitzer tables. Without density corrections to the scaling parameters best results are obtained if all binary pairs in a mixture fall within range 0.25 〈VCj TCj/VCi TCi 〈 4.0.
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  • 140
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 661-662 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 141
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 670-670 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 142
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 206-212 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental and theoretical transient response data are presented for a tubular reactor with recycle, illustrating the distributed nature of this feedback system. The transient concentration response of an isothermal tubular reactor with recycle was studied experimentally and theoretically for inlet concentration and flow upsets. The reaction studied experimentally was the second order homogeneous liquid phase saponification of methyl acetate with sodium hydroxide.Theoretical models using residence time distribution (RTD) techniques have been developed. The fact that the theoretical model (RTD) predicts the dynamic response data for the recycle reactor with and without reaction in the recycle line for both single flow and concentration upsets verifies that this model is satisfactory for simulation of recycle tubular reactor dynamics.
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  • 143
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 222-224 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 144
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 225-227 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 145
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 231-233 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 146
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 299-304 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method is described for solving the problem: given fixed pressure, temperature, the amounts of the chemical elements, and the chemical potentials of possible chemical species at the pressure and temperature specified, determine the equilibrium composition. The method requires a minimum of judgment on the part of the user.A modification of Naphtali's method for direct minimization of Gibbs' function provides an estimate of the composition of sufficient accuracy to insure convergence of solution, by the Newton-Raphson method, of the nonlinear equations describing the equilibrium.Problems in treating multiple phaes of unknown stability and chemical species present in small amouts are handled by ignoring unstable phases and small quantitites in the direct minimization until the amounts of the major consitituents have been at least approximately determined. To accomplish this, species temporarily ignored are assigned a ficitious mol fraction so that their re-entry into the calculation can be established. Truncation errors in the direct minimziation can be tolerated because of the two-step method.Examples of some of the problems solved are given.
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  • 147
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 321-326 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Kinetics of the dehydration of t-butyl alcohol to isobutylene were measured with a semibatch reactor containing liquid reactant and suspended particles of cation exchange resin catalyst [sulfonated copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene (DVB)]. Effects on rate were determined for variations in temperature (58 to 76°C.), reactant water mole fraction (0.0005 to 0.10), and catalyst pacticle diameter (77 to 620 μ) and crosslinking (2 to 12% DVB).Nearly anhydrous t-butyl alcohol failed to penetrate the shrunken network of the polymer. Reaction ebgan only on particle peripheries, and product water penetrated the gel network and s welled it to allow penetration of the alcohol. Rate consequently increased to a maximum (about 0.5 moles/min. equivalent of catalyst —SO3H groups at 76°C.) and then decreased as water competed with reactant fro catalytic sites. A spherical catalyst particle is modeled as a shrinking cetrol core, free of reactant and water, and a swollen shell in which concent rations are independent of position and time. The model fits reaction rate and separate particle swelling data for 80 μ particles of catalyst containing 12% DVB, but it is increasingly inadequate for larger particles and catalysts of lower DVB contents.
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  • 148
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 333-337 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Theretical equations for the transport properties of donse gases and liquids require knowledge of the contact pair-correlation function g2 (σ) and the friction coefficient ζ. Usually this latter quantity is made up of a hard-core contribution ζH and a soft-repulsion contribution ζS. Correlations are presented for the reduced friction coefficients ζrH, ζrS, and ζr in terms of reduced density ρ* and reduced temperature T*. These correlations were found to predict the dependence of self-diffusivity of several substances on temeratures and density in the dense gas region.
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  • 149
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 347-355 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The experimental measuremet of inter- and intraphase temperature gradients in a single pellet reactor for the Ni-kieselguhr catalyzed benzene hydrogenation reaction is described. Experimental variables were temperature, feed composition, flow rate (hence heat and mass transfer coefficients) and intrinsic catalytic activity. All parameters required for carrying out calculations were either measured in separate experiments or compared with available independent information. The rather complex interactions between inter- and intraphase gradients are well represented by the theory except at conditions of high reaction rate and low convective transport rate. The discrepancies observed at these conditions are apparently due to the development of nonuniform external boundary layers.
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 452-454 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 459-461 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 152
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 464-464 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 153
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 465-478 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 154
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 498-505 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A fiber optic technique was used to obtain point residence time distributions at several points on an 8 ft. diam. sieve tray in hydrocarbon service. Residence time patterns were obtained over a wide range of vapor and liquid loadings with the isopropyl alcohol-water system and at both ends of the cyclohexane toluene system. The data reveal severe flow nonuniformities on the tray including nonuniform velocity distribution and retrograde flow near the column walls. The reasons for this behavior are discussed.
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  • 155
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 513-520 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A technique for direct measurement of the differential diffusion coefficients in a ternary system of water, sugar, and a dilute organic species is described. The individual sugars were d-fructose, d-glucose, and sucrose; and ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, and n-hexanal individually constituted the dilute organic species. The four ternary diffusivities were obtained over a range of sugar concentrations by the use of horizontal diaphragm cells, a differential interferometer, a flame-ionization gas-liquid chromatograph and postulation of the validity of the Onsager reciprocal relations. The equilibrium partial pressures of the dilute organic species over these solutions have also been measured, using a vapor head space chromatographic technique.
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  • 156
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 533-539 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method is developed for decomposition of a recycle process so as to minimize the summation of weighting factors for variables torn. This procedure is based on application of dynamic programming to a state space representing combinations of cycles opened. The resulting algorithm is well suited to machine implementation and is more efficient for large problems than alternative procedures that also guarantee decomposition.
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  • 157
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 540-547 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Elongational flow experiments with viscous polymeric material were conducted at a constant elongation rate on a modified tensile testing machine. Steady elongational and shear viscosity data and elongational stress growth data are presented for an isobutylene-isoprene copolymer at 100°C. S-shaped elongational stress growth curves are reported for cis-1,4-polyisoprene at 80°C.The stresses necessary to maintain a cylindrical specimen in steady elongational flow are indicated by a calculation which includes the effects of inertia, gravity, and interfacial tension.Interrelations among several elongational flow material functions are given for a constitutive equation based on the theory of linear viscoelasticity.
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 569-572 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Compression-permeability cells are utilized for measurement of porosity and permeability of compressible cakes. Shortcomings of the cells have tended to be minimized in the literature. Data are presented which show that the stress distribution in typical C-P cells is highly nonuniform because of wall friction. For compressible materials, the porosity and permeability would also be nonuniform. Use of large L/D ratios and minimizing wall friction are essential to proper use of C-P cells.
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 462-462 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 462-463 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 161
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 463-463 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 162
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. i 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 163
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 491-497 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A fiber optic technique for obtaining multiple, simultaneous, point residence time distributions on operating, commercial scale distillation trays is described. The method has sufficient resolution to yield residence time profiles on the tray and to separate tray and downcomer effects. The results indicate severe flow nonuniformities on the tray, which are not accounted for in present models of distillation.
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  • 164
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 628-633 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A finite element method is applied to isothermal slow channel flow of power-law fluids. The fully developed flow is normal to the channel cross section. The method and results are compared with a finite difference method for rectangular channels and with exact solutions for the Newtonian case. An advantage of finite element methods is the flexibility of the mesh of elements approximating the continuum, chosen to suit the particular problem. Arbitrary boundary shapes can be handled as illustrated by a rectangular channel with rounded corners.
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  • 165
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 639-642 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The sorption isotherms for moist air and Florite were determined at a total pressure of one atmosphere and 75°, 100°, 125°, 150°, 175°, and 200°F. No hysteresis was evident.An investigation of the sorption isotherms showed that a concentration-temperature coordinate could be identified, which when plotted against amount sorbed, causes all sorption isotherms to collapse into a single sorption therm.For purposes of sorption curve fitting the concentration-temperature coordinate was incorporated into a version of BET theory. This relation produced an excellent fit of data without resorting to more complicated versions of BET theory.The concentration-temperature coordinate was also incorporated into a modified version of Langmuir-Hey theory to show that this interpretation also leads to a very satisfactory fit of sorption data.Some additional observations are made concerning the computerized curve fitting technique as applied to silica gel, the data for which were reported in an earlier publication.
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 647-649 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 657-659 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 666-666 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 169
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 670-670 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 669-671 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 670-671 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 673-684 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This review article surveys representative literature on minimum realizations and system modeling. This theory makes possible the construction of minimum size state-space models directly from experimental input/output data. Theoretical developments, numerical algorithms, and the connection with other methods of identification of linear systems are covered. Partial minimum relaizations which are extensions of the concepts developed are also included. A numerical example illustrates many of the techniques.
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 634-638 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method is described for calculating drop sizes obtained in Newtonian immiscible liquid-liquid systems when a dispersed fluid is continuously injected at uniform subjectting point velocities through a sharp-edged nozzle that is preferentially wet by the continuous phase. This method is based on the calculation of the shape of a drop forming at the nozzle tip by means of a pressure balance over the drop interface and the use of a force balance to determine if any portion of the forming drop can break away. Calculated drop sizes are compared with experimental data for systems of different physical properties.
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 798-807 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Secondary nucleation in the potassium sulfate-water system occurs by micro-attrition processes over the entire 1.3-26 μ size range of this study. Experimental nucleation rates were correlated with power-law kinetics expressions in terms of supersaturation, the fourth moment of the parent seed-crystal distribution, and stirring rate. Such kinetics expressions are similar to those used to correlate MSMPR data; however, the secondary nucleation rates of this paper are two orders of magnitude greater than those reported in previous MSMPR studies of the same system. An upper bound on growth rate of these nuclei was calculated based on a population balance analysis; maximum growth rates of these nuclei was markedly size-dependent in the 1.3-26 micron size range of measurement, decreasing with decreasing size. The apparent descrepancy between these nucleation rates and MSMPR values can be explained by nuclei washout during the low growth rate period. Anomalous MSMPR kinetics (low or even negative supersaturation power-law dependence) can be explained by this growth phenomenon.
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 816-824 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents experimental results on the counterdiffusion of liquid hydrocarbons in the Y zeolite as determined by an unsteady state technique using the zeolite powder. The critical diameter of aromatic molecules counterdiffusing with respect to cyclohexane into NaY zeolite has a marked effect upon the counterdiffusion rate. For a given molecular type, the single parameter of critical molecular diameter correlates the size effect well. Molecular type, for example, toluene vs. phenol, also has a pronounced effect on the counterdiffusion rate. Those molecules showing stronger interactions with the zeolite have lower counterdiffusion rates. In both NaY and SK-500, the diffusion coefficients for adsorptive counterdiffusion are an order of magnitude greater than the diffusion coefficients for desorptive counter-diffusion indicating that factors other than simple intracrystalline diffusion as such are also important in zeolite counterdiffusion. Simple diffusion models do not account for the differences observed indicating that a more sophisticated approach is necessary.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 176
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 833-842 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The possibility of predicting physical properties for polyatomic gases entirely from molecular structure has been explored. Intramolecular force constants for the bonds can be drawn from spectroscopically established tables and applied successfully to molecules involving a large variety of structures. A vibrational analysis of the molecule using these constants yields the thermodynamic functions of the ideal gas. The intermolecular pair potential parameters for the spherical core model of Kihara can be obtained quantitatively from molecular constants, and this potential can be used in obtaining the dilute gas transport properties. A linear relationship was found between the Kihara sphereical core size and Pitzer's acentric factor. Also from the Kihara model the critical constants are derived, which allows one to use Pitzer's compressibility tables for the dense gas corrections to the ideal gas law and the excess functions of the thermodynamic quantities. A complete package of computer programs which predict all important physical properties directly from input name alone has been written and tested. Suggestions are given for future work needed to improve many of the techniques presented.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 177
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 854-855 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 178
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 861-864 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 179
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 872-874 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 180
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1068-1069 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 181
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1077-1079 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 182
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 183
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1084-1084 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 184
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1086-1086 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 185
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1087-1087 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 186
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1089-1106 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This review paper surveys the state-of-the-art of resource recovery from municipal, primarily residential, refuse. Unfortunately, progress in effecting the actual installation of full-sized recovery facilities has been minimal. The work that has been done has been beset with technical, and more often, economic difficulties. However, the rising cost of traditional means of disposal may allow new systems to become economically competitive. Past research development efforts hold out promise of success and the nation may see the application of efficient technological solutions that in some localities will actually reduce the cost of refuse disposal below that of traditional means.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 187
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1163-1170 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A finite element method is applied to isothermal incompressible two-dimensional slow flows of power-law fluids. Examples considered are rectangular and axisymmetric converging channel flows, recirculating flows in rectangular channels, and flow round cylinders. Results are successfully compared with both finite difference and analytical solutions. The flexibility of finite element methods makes them very suitable for problems involving complex boundary geometries. The method used is particularly suitable for non-Newtonian flows and can treat both rectangular and axisymmetric geometries.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 188
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1212-1219 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The fixed bed binary gas adsorber, when alternately fed and exhausted at one end, produces a purified product from the other end. Coupled partial differential equations in pressure and composition, representing total mass and component balances with local equilibrium, describe the operation. The Maximum Principle is applied to determine the optimal cyclic unsteady feed policy for the balanced objectives of product purity and quantity. The sequence (maximum feed, no flow, maximum exhaust) is optimal. The experimental optimum is close to the calculated optimum. Dimensional analysis is used to determine parametric effects.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 189
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1253-1254 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 190
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1261-1262 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 191
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1278-1278 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 192
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1280-1280 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 193
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1084-1085 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 194
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972) 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 195
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1121-1128 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The expression Y = (1 + Zn)1/n where Y and Z are expressed in terms of the solutions for asymptotically large and small values of the independent variable is shown to be remarkably successful in correlating rates of transfer for processes which vary uniformly between these limiting cases. The arbitrary exponent n can be evaluated simply from plots of Y versus Z and Y/Z versus 1/Z. The expression is quite insensitive to the choice of n and the closest integral value can be chosen for simplicity. The process of correlation can be repeated for additional variables in series. Illustrative applications are presented only for flow, conduction, forced convection, and free convection, but the expression and procedure are applicable to any phenomenon which varies uniformly between known, limiting solutions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 196
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1280-1280 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 197
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1282-1282 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 198
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1171-1176 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Generalized expressions are presented for Henry's constants and self-interaction constants required in the Chueh-Prausnitz method for predicting the vapor-liquid equilibria for hydrogen and light hydrocarbon systems, The K-values calculated using the above correlations were compared with the K-values obtained from the published experimental data in the teperature range of 117 to 422°K. The statistical analysis shows that the cal- culated values are about as reliable as the experimental results.
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  • 199
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1257-1260 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 200
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    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1264-1265 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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