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  • 1975-1979  (5,504)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1890-1899
  • 1975  (5,504)
  • Chemistry  (5,504)
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  • 1975-1979  (5,504)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1890-1899
Year
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 37-44 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Electron-beam welding-a way to economical design of workpieces.After introductory remarks on the principles of electron-beam welding, hints are given as to feasible welding joints and the possibility of economically designing workpieces by including the electron-beam welding process in the manufacturing program. Especially the method of dividing complex workpieces into simple components and joining them by electron-beam welding is concerned. Practical suggestions for welding ferrous and non-ferrous materials are given. The various types of electron-beam welding machines, namely cycling machines, universal machines and continuous machines are presented. An example calculation serves to illustrate the economies of electron-beam welding. Finally, some possibilities of combining electron-beam welding with various shaping processes are discussed in brief.
    Notes: Nach einführenden Bemerkungen zu den Grundlagen des Elektronenstrahlschweißens werden Hinweise auf ausführbare Schweißverbindungen sowie auch auf die Möglichkeiten wirtschaftlicher Werkstückgestaltung bei Einbeziehung des Elektronenstrahlschweißens in einen Fertigungsablauf gegeben. Im besonderen betrifft dies die Aufteilung komplexer Werkstücke in wirtschaftlich herstellbare Komponenten und Zusammenschweißen derselben mittels Elektronenstrahls. Über das Elektronenstrahlschweißen von Eisen- und Nichteisen-Werkstoffen werden einige praktische Hinweise gegeben. Die verschiedenen Typen von Elektronenstrahl-Schweißmaschinen, und zwar Taktmaschine, Universalmaschine sowie Durchlaufmaschine, werden vorgestellt. Zur Erläuterung der Wirtschaftlichkeit des Verfahrens dient ein Kalkulationsbeispiel. Schließlich werden einige Kombinationsmöglichkeiten des Elektronenstrahlschweißens mit verschiedenen Formungsverfahren kurz diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 289-289 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 103
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Interdisciplinary development of an artificial knee joint endoprosthesis as a “combined plastic-metal-construction”.Endoprostheses for joints of the human locomotor apparatus under certain indications serve as permanent implants for eliminating painful changes of joints (e. g. arthrosis) as well as for restoration of essential joint functions (e. g. knee bending).The complexe correlation of biological-physiological factors and problems concerning materials and nature of load requires the adequate interdisciplinary co-operation of orthopaedic surgeons and engineers.On example of the prototype development of a total prosthesis for the knee joint the biomechanical conditions are sketched by means of the kinematics, statics, dynamics and tribology of normal natural joints (hip and knee) as a basis for the derivation of compensational functions.Already existing models are discussed, and the conception as well as the construction and production of the prototype of an artificial knee joint (“hinge joint-principle”) as a combined “plastic-metal-system” is described.
    Notes: Endoprothesen für Gelenke des menschlichen Bewegungsapparates dienen als Dauerimplante bei bestimmter Indikation zur Beseitigung schmerzhafter Gelenksveränderungen (z. B. Arthrosen) sowie zur Wiederherstellung wesentlicher Gelenkfunktionen (z. B. Kniebeugung).Das komplexe Zusammenwirken biologisch-physiologischer und stofflich-beanspruchungsmäßiger Einflußfaktoren macht die adäquate Zusammenarbeit von Ärzten und Ingenieuren erforderlich.Am Beispiel der Prototyp-Entwicklung einer Kniegelenks-Totalendoprothese werden die biomechanischen „Randbedingungen“ anhand Kinematik, Statik, Dynamik und Tribologie natürlicher Gelenke (Knie, Hüfte) als Basis für das Ableiten von Ersatzfunktionen skizziert. Bereits bestehende, beispielgebende Ersatzfunktionen werden diskutiert und die darauf begründete Konzeption und Gestaltung eines künstlichen Kniegelenks in Kunststoff-Metall-Kombinationsbauweise („KMK“) dargestellt, bei dem versucht wird, die Vorteile bisheriger Konstruktionen zu nutzen und Nachteile soweit möglich zu eliminieren.
    Additional Material: 28 Ill.
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 348-353 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 339-348 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Failure Criteria for Polymers, Part II: Experimental Results.Using the fracture criteria, which have been analytically derived in the first part of this paper, experimental results from literature and from own experiments are compared with calculated fracture loci for thermoplastic materials, thermosets, and glassfibre-reinforced plastics.It can be shown that the change of dimension of a plastic specimen under load is simulating a higher compressive strength in comparison to the tensile strength (m 〉 1).Different methods are indicated for evaluating biaxial loading tests. A comparison between the results theoretically and experimentally found marks the parabolic fracture criterion to be suitable. Resins reinforced with chopped strand mats satisfy the maximum stress theory.The fracture behavior of orthotropic materials is accurately described by the fracture criterion of Tsai and Wu and Goldenblat and Kopnov. If normal stresses act parallel to the axis of orthotropy, the fracture behavior of orthogonal isotropic materials can be calculated acc. to the maximum stress theory.
    Notes: Ausgehend von den in Teil 1 dieser Arbeit analytisch hergeleiteten Bruchkriterien, werden aus der Literatur entnommene und eigene Meßwerte an Thermoplasten, Duromeren und an glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen mit den berechneten Bruchkurven verglichen.Es wird gezeigt, daß der unter Belastung sich verändernde Probekörperquerschnitt bei Kunststoffen stets eine höhere Druckfestigkeit als Zugfestigkeit vortäuscht (m 〉 1). Zur Auswertung von zweiachsigen Belastungsversuchen werden verschiedene Verfahren angegeben.Vergleiche zwischen theoretischen und experimentell gefundenen Bruchwerten lassen für isotrope Kunststoffe das parabolische Bruchkriterium als geeignet erscheinen. Glasseidenmattenverstärkte Gießharze genügen dem Normalspannungskriterium.Bei orthotropen Werkstoffen beschreibt das Bruchkriterium nach Tsai und Wu bzw. Goldenblat und Kopnov gut das Bruchgeschehen. Bei orthogonal isotropen Werkstoffen kann man mit dem Normalspannungskriterium rechnen, wenn nur Normalspannungen parallel zu den Orthotropieachsen auftreten.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 106
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 237-246 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Materials from the Glass Plant.Many types of glass and glass-ceramics are available as materials from the glass plant. Names and characteristic features are explained in consideration of the large number of figures - however, it can only be done with example. This lack is compensated by bibliographic references. The example of strength clearly shows that it is advisable to consider separately the characteristics of glasses (or glass-ceramics) and the damage to surfaces and characteristics of surfaces in order to achieve optimal use - even after surface treatment.
    Notes: Viele Glas- und Glaskeramiktypen stehen heute als Werkstoffe aus dem Glaswerk dem Anwender zur Verfügung. Die Bezeichnungen und Eigenschaften werden erläutert, dies kann wegen der Datenfülle zwar nur beispielhaft geschehen, wird aber durch Literaturhinweise ausgeglichen. Am Beispiel Festigkeit wird deutlich, daß es sinnvoll ist, die Glas-(bzw. Glaskeramik-) Eigenschaften und die Oberflächenschäden bzw. Oberflächeneigenschaften gesondert zu sehen, um zum optimalen Einsatz - ggf. nach Oberflächenveredelung - zu gelangen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 225-236 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Material Testing by Means of a Stylus-Type Roughness Tracing Instrument.Our experiments and a literature of survey show the various possibilities and limits of surface roughness measurements by means of the stylus-type roughness tracing method. Through direct or, by applying an imprint technology, through indirect surface tracing on materials such as metals, plastics including coatings and lacquers (duromers, plastomers, elastomers), wood, paper, asbestos sheets, textiles and coal a connection with the properties of the materials with respect to wear, sealing and contact, roughness of fracture surfaces, material testing, surface roughness of an injection mould, process and machining, corrosion, damage analysis, optical aspect, writing pressure curves, cracking etc. has been illustrated. Two examples from the medicine (dermal and dental medicine) underline the broad range of application possibilities. In many cases the stylus-type roughness tracing method is a secondary, however, generally very informative indirect testing method. Only in some cases it is in direct connection with a certain property of material such as the surface gas tightness of asbestos sheets. The limits of the stylus-type roughness tracing method are further determined by the method of measurement (stylus pressure, radius of stylus, curvature, stylus system).
    Notes: Eigene experimentelle Untersuchungen und eine Schrifttumsübersicht zeigen die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Oberflächenrauhigkeitsmessungen mit Hilfe der Tastschnittmethode auf. An den Werkstoffen Metalle, Kunststoffe einschließlich Beschichtungen und Lacke (Duromere, Plastomere, Elastomere), Holz, Papier, Asbestpappe, Textilien, Kohle werden entweder durch direkte oder über eine Abdrucktechnik durch indirekte Abtastung der Oberflächen Zusammenhänge mit Werkstoffverhalten wie z. B. Verschleißfragen, Abdicht- und Kontaktprobleme, Bruchflächenrauhigkeiten, Werkstoffprüfprobleme, Werkzeugkonturrauhigkeit beim Spritzgießen, Verfahrens- und Bearbeitungsfragen, Korrosionsschutz, Schadensanalyse, optisches Aussehen, Schreibdrukkurven, Rißbildung usw. dargestellt. Zwei Beispiele aus der Medizin (Haut- und Zahnmedizin) unterstreichen die Breite der Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Die Tastschnittmethode ist in vielen Anwendungsfällen eine unterstützende indirekte Prüfmethode mit allerdings meist großer Anschaulichkeit. Sie steht nur in manchen Fällen in einem direkten Zusammenhang mit einer bestimmten Werkstoffeigenschaft, z. B. der Oberflächengasdichtheit bei Asbestpappen. Die Grenzen der Tastschnittmethode werden weiter durch die Meßmethodik (Tastnadeldruck und -radius, Tastsystem) bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 280-286 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 287-288 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 113
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation on Fracture Behavior of Plastics at High Rates of Loading.A visible damage limit may be indicated at several rates of loading by tensile tests with transparent thermoplastics. For loading rates greater than 200 mm/min this strain limit coincides with strain at rupture. The range of loading rates investigated is enlarged by impact tensile tests up to 5 m/sec using the same specimens. As stress-strain-diagrams may be registered with both test methods it is possible to find the stress strain behaviour for several materials (here for instance PMMA and EP resin were investigated) over the whole range. Run of fracture during impact test is observed by high speed cinematographic records.
    Notes: In Zugversuchen an durchsichtigen Thermoplasten kann für verschiedene Abzugsgeschwindigkeiten der Verlauf einer optisch wahrnehmbaren Schädigungsgrenze nachgewiesen werden. Für Abzugsgeschwindigkeiten 〉 200 mm/min fällt diese Grenzdehnung mit der Bruchdehnung zusammen. Der untersuchte Geschwindigkeitsbereich wird erweitert durch Schlagzugversuche an gleichartigen Proben mit Schlaggeschwindigkeiten bis ca. 5 m/s, bei denen Kraft-Verlängerungs-Diagramme aufgenommen werden können. So läßt sich der Verlauf von Spannung und Dehnung in der Probe für den gesamten Geschwindigkeitsbereich verfolgen und für verschiedene Werkstoffe (hier PMMA und EP-Harz) vergleichen. Durch fotografische Hochgeschwindigkeitsaufnahmen wird der Bruchverlauf beobachtet.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 114
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 353-356 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 357-359 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 397-398 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 399-407 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Problems regarding the raw material supply of steel improving heavy and minor alloy metals.The supply situation of steel improving heavy and minor alloy metals reveals that the absolute and relative concentration of the raw material output as well as the regional supply agglomeration in developing countries is much more marked as is the case with crude oil. Future development is expected to increase even the import dependence of few large producing countries in the Third World, thus increasing the risk of short-term availability bottlenecks, shortcomings in deliveries and cartelizations in view of a sharply rising demand of alloy metals and a shortage of Europe's own production. Besides the promotion of industrial potentialities to ensure a better adaptability to given supply situations - particularly recycling, substitution and stockpiling - there is a need for a government flanking raw material policy with national and international objectives.
    Notes: Die Versorgungslage bei stahlveredelnden Schwer- und Sondermetallen zeigt, daß die absolute und relative Konzentration der Rohstofförderung sowie die regionale Angebotsballung in Entwicklungsländern sehr viel ausgeprägter ist als beim Rohöl. Die zukünftige Entwicklung läßt erwarten, daß die Importabhängigkeit von wenigen großen Förderländern in der 3. Welt noch zunehmen wird, so daß sich die Gefahr von kurzfristigen Verfügbarkeitsengpässen, Belieferungsausfällen und Kartellbildungen, angesichts des stark steigenden Bedarfs an Legierungsrohstoffen und fehlender Eigenproduktion in Europa, verstärken wird. Neben der Förderung industrieller Möglichkeiten zur Erhöhung der Anpassungsfähigkeit an jeweilige Versorgungslagen - insbesondere Recycling, Substitution und Lagerbildung - besteht die Notwendigkeit einer staatlichen flankierenden Rohstoffpolitik mit nationaler und internationaler Zielstellung.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 118
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 414-416 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 433-434 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 424-432 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Development of Hot-Forged Sintered Steels with Optimum Yield Point at Higher Temperature, Fatigue and Impact Strength.The material characteristic values of hot-forged sintered steels are reported. Besides the usual properties, (ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation at room temperature). The behaviour of materials at higher temperature is of great importance. Further, fatigue strength and impact strength must be considered. The influence of heat treatment on these properties were investigated and brought to a correlation with the formation of microstructures.The hot forging P/M preform requires a special attention on alloying elements and alloying techniques. Optimum properties results when using completely alloyed powders or mixed powders by employing special master alloys. This and further problems involving alloying techniques and particularly the behaviour of carbon as an alloying element is reported in details. The correlation between mechanical properties and fracture behaviour is discussed.
    Notes: Für die Ermittlung von Werkstoffkenndaten warmgepreßter Sinterstähle spielt neben den üblichen Eigenschaften (Zugfestigkeit, Streckgrenze und Bruchdehnung bei Raumtemperatur) das Verhalten der Werkstoffe bei erhöhten Temperaturen eine wichtige Rolle. Daneben müssen Dauerwechselfestigkeit und Schlagarbeit berücksichtigt werden. Der Einfluß von Wärmebehandlungen auf diese Eigenschaften ist untersucht und in Beziehung zur Gefügeausbildung gebracht worden.Große Bedeutung erlangt beim Warmpressen pulvermetallurgisch erzeugter Vorformen die geeignete Wahl der Legierungselemente und Legierungsträger. Optimale Eigenschaften ergaben sich bei Verwendung von fertiglegierten Pulvern oder gemischtlegierten Pulvern, wobei jedoch spezielle Vorlegierungen als Legierungsträger eingesetzt werden. Diese und weitere Fragen der Legierungsbildung, insbesondere die Rolle des Kohlenstoffs, werden ausführlich erläutert. Der Zusammenhang zwischen mechanischen Eigenschaften und Bruchverhalten wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 121
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975) 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 122
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. vii 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 123
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975) 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 124
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 65-77 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron impact mass spectra of twenty acetates and methylates of spirostanol and related furostanol glycosides of high molecular weight (above 650) have been investigated, and the most probable fragmentation patterns of the glycoside derivatives are presented. High resolution mass spectrometry provides useful information concerning the structures of both aglycone and sugar moieties as well as the molecular size of the oligoglycosides.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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  • 125
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of thin-layer chromatography has demonstrated that incubations of indoleamines with 5-methyl[14C]tetrahydrofolic acid and an enzyme previously described as an N-methyltransferase, do not yield Nω, N1 or O-methylated products. Further elucidation by thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring enabled us to identify the reaction products as tetrahydroisoquinolines and tetrahydro-β-carbolines in mixtures incubated respectively with catecholamines and indoleamines in the presence of 5-methyl[14C]tetrahydrofolic acid and enzyme. The alkaloids have been shown to originate from a spontaneous condensation of the corresponding amines with formaldehyde, this latter being formed in the first stage of the reaction by enzymatic conversion from 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 126
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N6-(2-succinyl)adenosine 5′-phosphate and N-(5-amino-1-ribosyl-4-imidazole carbonyl)-L-aspartic acid ′-phosphate were prepared enzymatically using adenylosuccinate lyase (EC 4.3.2.2) isolated from human erythrocytes. N6-(2-succinyl)adenosine 5′-phosphate, N-(5-amino-1-ribosyl-4-imidazole carbonyl)-L-aspartic acid 5′-phosphate and N-(5-amino-1-ribosyl-4-imidazole carboxamide) 5′-phosphate and the nucleoside and free base analogs of these nucleotides were converted to the trimethylsilyl derivatives and characterized by mass spectrometry. The extent of the trimethylsilylation was greater for adenine substituted compounds compared with those related to aminoimidazole carboxamide. Major mass spectral fragment ions correspond to the intact base plus portions of the sugar skeleton and to electron impact-induced decomposition products of the sugar moiety. Succinyl substitution at N6 of the adenine derivatives leads to characteristic loss of CO2 SiMe3 from the molecular ion. A combination of liquid chromatographic procedures and gas chromatography mass spectrometry gave rapid and unequivocal identification of succinyladenine from human urine.
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  • 127
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 112-114 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have used peak matching to accurately determine the molecular masses of field desorbed ions. A major advantage over high resolution photoplate recording is that it reduces analysis time without reducing accuracy or sensitivity. Molecular ions of nonvolatile and thermally labile compounds can be mass measured by this technique.
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  • 128
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 129
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 117-120 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Five children deficient in growth hormone were treated with oxandrolone and human growth hormone. Average nitrogen retained was calculated from nine day balance data. During some balance periods, nitrogen retention was calculated by determination of 15N labeled glycine, as reported in this article. Twenty milligrams of 15N in excess of the natural abundance was administered orally. Urines were collected prior to, as well as after, administration of glycine-15 N and were analyzed for 15N by mass spectrometry. The percentage of 15N ranged up to 0.449% for collection over a 24 hour period, compared with 0.364% from control samples without excess 15N. These 15N data, like those from nitrogen balance, show the stimulating effects of oxandrolone and human growth hormone in the group as a whole.
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  • 130
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 126-130 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for the micro-identification of both mono- and diesters of 12-deoxyphorbol based upon a combination of thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry. The technique may be used on as little as 5 ml of fresh plant latex. Nine thin-layer systems are described, six of which are adsorption systems based on silica gel or alumina as adsorbent, and three are partition systems using diethyleneglycol as stationary phase. The migration by means of thin-layer chromatography is dependent upon the chain length of the C-13 esterifying acid and on the presence or absence of a free primary hydroxyl group at C-20. By means of mass spectrometry it was possible to confirm the identity of the esterifying moiety at both the C-13 and C-20 positions of 12-deoxy-4βOH-phorbol.
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  • 131
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 133-136 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The urinary excretion by rats of predominantly 2-ethyl-3-deuterohydracrylic acid is a consequence of the intraperitoneal injection of 2-trideuteromethylbutyric acid. A significant fraction of the loading acid also is excreted unchanged. These results support the proposal of an alternate minor pathway of isoleucine catabolism and suggest that the corresponding catabolites in the minor and major pathways, 2-ethylhydracrylic and 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acids, respectively, have significantly different subsequent metabolism.
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  • 132
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. xi 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 133
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 121-125 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Field desorption mass spectra of a tripeptide Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2, a pentapeptide Cbz-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro and a nonapeptide Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg are presented. In each case, a [M]+· or [M + 1]+ peak of the peptide is obtained. Sufficient fragmentation of the peptide backbone occurred to allow sequence determination of all three peptides. The pentapeptide produced [M]+·, [M + 1]+ and [M + 2]+· ions which also included molecules of ethylacetate, ethanol and/or water bound to the ion.
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  • 134
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 131-132 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for continous mass range specific gas chromatographic detection using the β-slit of a reverse geometry double focusing mass spectrometer. The method has several advantages over total ion current detection, including elimination of the solvent peak from the detector trace and reduction of back ground noise due to column bleeding. The technique has been applied here to detect prostaglandins in biological samples.
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  • 135
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 169-175 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photodecomposition products of aldrin, dieldrin and endrin were investigated by means of gas chromatography mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectrophotometry. An alternate isomeric product of aldrin and four endrin analogs were encountered. The mass spectra of eight photoproducts are presented with direct inlet spectra of endrin aldehyde and endrin alcohol.
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  • 136
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 190-196 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectroscopic behaviour of prostaglandin A1 and its methyl ester has been studied. Mechanisms are suggested for the majority of fragmentation processes occurring in the spectra of these compounds. The proposed mechanisms have been confirmed by low electron voltage spectra, measurements on metastable ion decompositions, high resolution mass measurements and deuterium labelling.
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  • 137
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A mass fragmentographic method is described for the simultaneous assay of both the acidic and alcoholic metabolites of tyramine, octopamine, dopamine and norepinephrine. The method was successfully applied for the measurement of nanogram quantities of these metabolites in human ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluids and in the rat brain. Mass fragmentography was carried out on the methyl ester/pentafluoroproprionyl derivatives of the acidic and the pentafluoropropionyl derivatives of the alcoholic metabolites, employing an 8 ft 3% SE-54 column. Chemical methods for the synthesis of a number of deuterated isomers (isotopomers) of the above metabolites are also described. These isotopomers were utilized as internal reference standards for the assay of the metabolites in biological materials. They were also used to study the fragmentation reactions of these metabolite derivatives.
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  • 138
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 204-205 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A N-dealkylated metabolite, 1-phenylcyclohexylamine, was detected in a urine sample of a patient who had ingested phencyclidine. The identification was facilitated by a feeding experiment using a mouse administered a 1:1 mixture of unlabeled and phenyl-d5-labeled drug. A control experiment was also performed in which a mouse was fed only the unlabeled drug. Two hydroxylated metabolities were also identified in human urine samples. One of the hydroxylated metabolites has a hydroxy group located at the piperidine moiety of phencyclidine while the other has the hydroxy group located at the cyclohexane ring of the drug. It was also shown that 1-phenyl-cyclohexene detected in the human samples, was an artifact which arose from pyrolysis of phencyclidine during gas chromatography.
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  • 139
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 225-225 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 140
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Interfering nonpolar lipid material was removed from the acetone extracts of several samples of benign hyperplastic prostate tissue. Endogenous steroids were separated by preparative thin-layer chromatography into fractions containing testosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone and the 5α-androstane-3, 17-diols, and concentrations of these steroids were measured by molecular ion monitoring of suitable derivatives at a resolution of 8500 to 10 000 during combined gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The sensitivity and specificity of this procedure allowed unequivocal detection of the steroids of interest at the femtomole level and the incorporation of epimers as internal standards enabled accurate quantitative measurements. The results indicated that 5α-dihydrotestosterone is usually the most predominant of the steroids measured, and that of the 5α-androstanediols, only the 3α, 17β and 3β, 17β isomers occur in measurable concentration, with the former usually predominant.
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  • 141
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 176-182 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ultraviolet irradiation of the methanoindene compounds chlordene, 1-hydroxychlordene cis- and trans-chlordane, trans-nonachlor and heptachlor using acetone as the sensitizing solvent yielded caged photoisomers. Electron impact spectra of twelve photoproducts are reported. Structural assignments based on nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and gas chromatography data are reported for the major photoproducts.
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  • 142
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  • 143
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 254-260 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The extent of C-methylation, an artifact of the permethylation procedure used to derivatize peptides for mass spectrometric sequencing, was investigated by mass spectrometry. Ten glycine-containing peptides were N-acetylated and then permethylated by the Hakomori method and analyzed by chemical ionization and, in some cases, by electron ionization mass spectrometry. A comparative study was made of the tripeptides Gly Pro Ala and Ala Pro Gly, derivatized by three permethylation procedures. The results show that while C-methylation occurs primarily at glycine, other amino acids (Gln, Glu, Met, Tyr) are also C-methylated, but to a lesser degree. The extent to which C-methylation occurs varies widely and depends on residue position and on the identity of neighboring residues. Such artifacts could lead to serious errors in peptide sequences determined by mass spectrometry, especially when mixtures of peptides are analyzed.
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  • 144
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Incubation of four common cannabinoids with vegetative cultures of the fungus Syncephalastrum racemosum yielded a number of polar metabolites. Major metabolites of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabinol were eluted from preparative thin-layer chromatographic plates and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The mass spectrum of each of the compounds examined showed a molecular ion corresponding to a monohydroxylated derivative of the parent cannabinoid. Identification of the major metabolite of each cannabinoid as the product of hydroxylation in the penultimate (4′) position of the n-pentyl sidechain was made by analysis of the mass spectra of underivatized and TMS derivatized metabolites and by comparison with model compounds. A number of prominent fragment ions in the mass spectra were identified as arising through known fragmentation pathways of cannabinoids.
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  • 145
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 279-280 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A pressure measuring probe has been built for the chemical ionization source of a Du Pont 21 490-B mass spectrometer. The probe fits exactly in the place of the solid sample probe and, when connected to a Baratron manometer, enables pressure measurement directly in the source. This can be used to calibrate an ionization gauge connected to the source housing or a manometer in the reagent gas inlet line. The probe has been used to determine the maximum source pressure attainable for various reagent gases in the Du Pont 21 490-B mass spectrometer.
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  • 146
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 284-284 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 147
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. viii 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 148
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. x 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 149
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method employing gas-liquid chromatography and combined gas-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was developed for the quantitative determination of α-D-mannopyranoside-(1 → 3)-β-D-mannopyranoside-(1 → 4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose in urines. The concentration of this trisaccharide varied between 123 and 469 mg per litre of urine in the patients with mannosidosis but was not detected in twenty normals and two heterozygotes.
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  • 150
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 304-306 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The identification of 6-methoxy 8-aminoquinoline as a metabolite of Primaquine, an important antimalarial drug, is described. The metabolite is present in urine, plasma and erythrocytes following drug ingestion. It was identified by mass fragmentography of its 1H and 2H acetate and the acetate produced from authentic material. No evidence of further metabolites was obtained.
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  • 151
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The field desorption mass spectra of eight rifamycins were obtained and compared with their electron impact mass spectra. All the compounds gave abundant molecular or quasimolecular ions, while no significant fragmentation was observed in the low mass region of the spectra. Therefore, field desorption mass spectrometry has been shown to be of great importance for the determination of the molecular weight of these antibiotics.
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  • 152
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complex mixtures of O-trimethylsilylated polyamino alcohols, which have been generated by either acid or enzymatic hydrolysis of polypeptides and subsequent derivatization, are completely characterized by a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer computer system. These peptide derivatives possess excellent gas chromatographic properties; a wide range of derivatives from di- to hexapeptides may be separated in a single chromatographic experiment. The identification of these compounds, either manually or with the assistance of the computer, is based on three sets of data which are automatically generated after the g.c.m.s. computer experiment: (1) mass spectra, which exhibit sequence-determining ions of high abundance; (2) selected ion records, which allow efficient location of peptide derivatives in the gas chromatogram as well as resolution of incompletely separated fractions; (3) retention indices, which can be calculated from values which have been assigned to each amino acid residue.
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  • 153
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 1-1 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 154
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A routine analysis for micro samples of plasma amino acids by a gas chromatography mass spectrometry computer system has been developed. Isotope ratio determination was used as the quantitating technique via multiple internal standards. The speed of the analysis is increased by omitting the ion exchange purification step and its flexibility is maximized by using repetitive scanning rather than selective ion monitoring. This procedure yields excellent precision and accuracy, as demonstrated by the analysis of a known amino acid mixture and of neonatal plasma.
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  • 155
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 23-30 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An ion doublet chemical ionization mass spectrometry technique was utilized for the rapid detection and elucidation of the structure of a new hydroxylated metabolite of the oral anticoagulant warfarin. This technique involves the use of a 50:50 mixture of stable isotope labeled and unlabeled drug. With this procedure ions found in the mass spectrum which are associated with the administered drug can be identified unambiguously. The unknown metabolite from rat liver microsomal preparations was identified as benzylic hydroxywarfarin by reincubating the microsomes with warfarin specifically labeled in the benzylic position and observing the subsequent loss of label in the product. The ion doublet technique was also employed in a single human study, and benzylic hydroxywarfarin was detected and identified.
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  • 156
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 36-45 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron impact mass spectra of permethyl ethers of twenty-five highly purified oligosaccharides, containing first, aldohexose units only and second, at least one fructose unit, have been determined. It is concluded that spectra of these derivatives can yield considerable structural information, especially in relation to the detection of fructose units, the pyranose/furanose ratio and the position of the glycosidic linkage, and are to be preferred from this point of view to the mass spectra of trimethylsilyl ethers.
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  • 157
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metabolism studies in the rat, dog and cat have demonstrated a definite species difference in biotransformation and elimination of α-1-trans-4-dimethylaminotetrahydro-3-furylcyclohexanephenylglycolate (Lilly 82537), an experimental anticholinergic agent. Separation and identification of urinary and biliary metabolites by gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis has shown three mechanisms to be involved in the metabolism of Lilly 82537 in these species; N-demethylation, aliphatic hydroxylation and ester hydrolysis. A major portion of the drug administered was eliminated unaltered in the cat and dog, while only trace quantities of parent drug were observed in the urine and bile of rats. These metabolic differences may be responsible for observed species differences in the pharmacologic activity of Lilly 82537.
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  • 158
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A rapid, sensitive method of analysis for methylphenidate and ritalinic acid in blood and urine has been developed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring for separation and detection. The methylphenidate is isolated by solvent extraction into chloroform and the ritalinic acid is isolated by salting out into isopropyl alcohol, followed by methylation and subsequent solvent extraction. The method has been applied to the study of methylphenidate metabolism and excretion in adults and hyperactive children under-going treatment with methylphenidate.
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  • 159
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 82-89 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Identification of hydrazine monoamine oxidase inhibitor drugs such as isoniazid, iproniazid, nialamide, isocarboxazid and iproclozide is made by electron impact mass spectrometry using the direct insertion technique. The molecular ion itself, although of low relative abundance, is found in the mass spectra of all compounds studied. Relative intensities of the major fragments and data on metastable ions useful in the identification of these compounds are reported. With the aid of synthesized structurally related products, deuterium labelling of exchangeable hydrazidic and hydrazinic protons and by the use of hexadeuterated isopropylic analogues, detailed information about fragmentation patterns is obtained. Splitting processes are chiefly governed by the nature of the aromatic substituent at the hydrazidic end and the alkyl sidechain located at the second hydrazinic nitrogen. The major fragmentations occurring are loss of small neutral molecules, double rearrangement, cleavage of the N—N bond, amide bond rupture, β-cleavage to the hydrazinic nitrogen atom and McLafferty rearrangements.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 31-35 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The advantages and limitations which quadrupole mass filters afford to the field desorption technique with respect to use for routine work are discussed and experimentally confirmed by the analyses of some drugs using a field desorption quadrupole mass spectrometer. The possibility of fast identification of drug intoxication is demonstrated by the analysis of the chloroform extract of urine in a case of overdose of hypnotics.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 59-62 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 63-64 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 64-64 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 164
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to isolate and identify cyclophosphamide metabolites present in blood of mice. Blood was removed 5, 15, 30 and 45 minutes after intraperitoneal administration and extracted with chloroform followed by methanol. Thin-layer chromatography of the two extracts and the residual solid with or without prior methylation, collection of resulting alkylating components, determination of radioactivity and mass spectral analysis, served to identify cyclophosphamide, 4-ketocyclophosphamide, alcophosphamide, N-dechloroethylcyclophosphamide, carboxyphosphamide, phosphoramide mustard and nor-HN2. The absence of detectable levels of 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide or aldophosphamide in the blood of cyclophosphamide-treated mice suggests that cyclophosphamide is converted rapidly in the liver to carboxyphosphamide, 4-ketocyclophosphamide, phosphoramide mustard and nor-HN2. Direct administration of synthetic 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide to mice and extraction of blood with chloroform demonstrated the recovery of this metabolite in vivo. Analysis of extracts of blood from mice treated with phosphoramide mustard indicated the presence of nor-HN2, 3-(2-chloroethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one and unchanged drug. Consideration of blood levels, cytotoxicity and alkylating activity of metabolites identified in, or inferred from, this study, implicates phosphoramide mustard as a leading candidate for the biologically active form of cyclophosphamide.
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  • 165
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 78-81 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Single and multiple ion monitoring is employed to evaluate whether deuteriomethylated allobarbitone or methylated quinalbarbitone is the better internal standard for quantifying methylated allobarbitone through a g.c.m.s. system based on a quadrupole mass spectrometer. It is shown that the coefficient of variation of the single ion monitoring method is substantially lower than that of the multiple ion monitoring method. Small quantities of a compound are therefore most accurately determined by adding a labelled version of the compound solely to act as a carrier, plus an internal standard giving an ion in common with the compound being measured. By this means 40 pg and 100 pg of methylated allobarbitone could be determined with coefficients of variation of 11.5 and 2.0%, respectively. Using only the labelled compound as internal standard, the corresponding values were 19.8 and 15.3% for the same quantities.
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  • 166
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 97-106 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectra and fragmentation pathways of some achiral and a number of chiral 1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ones, and those of their in vitro biotransformation products are reported and discussed. Various derivatives substituted in position 3 are shown to be useful for the determination of fragmentation pathways from low resolution spectra.
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  • 167
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 107-111 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The metabolism by rat liver microsomes of the 2,4,6-trideuterio derivative of aniline mustard [N, N-di-(2-chloroethyl)aniline] in admixture with unlabelled material, has been studied. The resulting p-hydroxy derivative was isolated and examined by mass spectrometry. The extent of migration of deuterium from the p- to the m-position, determined from the ratio of trideuteriated to dideuteriated product, was 46%, but the protium and deuterium forms were hydroxylated at the same rate (zero isotope effect).
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  • 168
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 115-115 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 169
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Low molecular weight volatile organics extracted from the plasma of patients before and after hemodialysis were analyzed by high resolution capillary gas chomatographic mass spectrometric computer methods. The volatile components were collected on a polyphenyl ether solid adsorbent prior to analysis. Identification of components was achieved by mass spectrometry. Quantitaive changes were observed in both the plasma and dialysate composition with time. The method described provides a new means whereby the 100 or so low molecular weight organic volatiles of plasma can be monitored during the dialysis procedure.
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  • 170
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 164-167 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemical ionization mass spectra of eleven biomedically significant quaternary amimes are reported. The samples are converted to volatile compounds by known thermal decompositions. Chemical ionization of the compounds gives simple, easily identifiable spectra which are useful for the analysis of the original samples.
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  • 171
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. ix 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 172
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 173
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 137-141 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reported synthesis of N-hydroxyphenmetrazine from phenmetrazine by the action of m-chloroperbenzoic acid could not be repeated. When the synthetic procedure was modified N-hydroxyphenmetrazine was obtained in low yield. The product had different properties from those claimed previously, but was identical to metabolically produced N-hydroxyphenmetrazine. It was characterized by means of thin-layer chromatography, combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, preparation of a t-butyldimethylsilyl derivative and oxidation to a mixture of nitrones. Mass spectrometry was also used to characterize these derivatives.
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  • 174
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 156-163 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectrometry has revealed the sugar sequence of a new saponoside isolated from the bark of Colubrina arborescens Mill (Rhamnaceae). The branched trisaccharide moiety if this saponoside is shown to be and O-β-L-arabinopyranosyl (1 → 2gal)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1 → 3gal)-galactopyranose located on an as yet unknown genin. Mass spectra are presented for the permethylated saponoside, a permethylated trisaccharide and a partially methylated disaccharide, i.e. 3-β-D-glucopyranosylgalactose (C2 — OH), derived by partial hydrolysis. Further characterization of the mono-, di- and trisaccharides involved NaBH4 and NaBD4 reduction of the 4,6-dimethylgalactose reducing sugar moiety, followed by acetylation or trimethylsilylation.
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  • 175
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. xi 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 176
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron impact mass spectrum (70 eV) of 26-trimethylsilyloxy-4-cholesten-3-one shows a base peak at m/e 196, attributable to combination of the trimethylsilyl group with a fragment of m/e 123 produced by cleavage across ring B. 18O labelling confirms that the fragment of m/e 196 contains the 3-oxygen atom, and 2H labelling indicates retention of the trimethylsilyl moiety. Similar ions are observed from other Δ4-3-ketones with sidechain trimethylsilyloxy groups: abundances depend on the site of substitution. The corresponding enol trimethylsilyl ethers are readily separable from the keto forms by gas-liquid chromatography, and afford mass spectra in which the molecular ions are abundant, while ions of m/e 196 are of only moderate intensity.
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  • 177
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  • 178
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A mass fragmentographic method for simultaneous measurement of unlabeled and deuterium labeled methadone in human plasma is described. This specific method has a lower sensitivity of about 16 pmol/ml with a coefficient of variation of less than 4%. The usefulness of the method was evaluated in studies on opiate dependent subjects undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. In one application methadone-d3 was given as a pulse dose during continuous treatment with unlabeled methadone and plasma levels of both species followed by mass fragmentography. The method will be of value in the study of methadone pharmacokinetics in the steady state and in other in vivo situations where multiple drug pools must exist.
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  • 179
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 201-203 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High resolution photoplate mass spectrometry has been used to examine crude goat urine extracts to determine the fate of organochlorine xenobiotics in these animals. Using a direct introduction temperature controlled probe the crude urine extracts were analyzed and the presence of oxygenated metabolites of 4-chlorobiphenyl and 4,4′-dichlorobiphenyl were confirmed in goats; analyses of urine extracts from goats injected with the commercial Aroclor mixtures 1254 and 5460 confirmed the formation of oxygenated penta-, tetra- and monochlorobiphenyl metabolites and an oxygenated dichloroterphenyl metabolite, respectively. This technique was particularly useful in the analysis of complex mixtures of metabolites.
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  • 180
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 215-218 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several slightly volatile or nonvolatile organic compounds were transformed directly in the solid sample inlet system into more volatile compounds by addition of an appropriate reagent to the sample. In this way, in several instances free organic acids could be obtained from their salts. A similar method was used to transform some amino acids into derivatives of diketopiperazine or of phthalic acid.
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  • 181
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 225-225 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 182
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method has been developed for quantification of phencyclidine [1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine] in body fluids using gas chromatography chemical ionization mass spectrometry with selected ion recording. Pentadeuterated phencyclidine was synthesized and used as the internal standard. In developing the method it was discovered that phencyclidine thermally fragments to 1-phenylcyclohexene at elevated temperatures. The sensitivity and specificity of the method permits determination of 1 ng of phencyclidine in 1 ml of body fluid. The concentrations of the drug in blood samples from five individuals, who ingested unknown quantities of phencyclidine, were found to range from 50 ng/ml to 2.7 μg/ml. Following intravenous administration of 1 mg of phencyclidine hydrochloride to a 12.5 kg dog, the blood concentration of the drug peaked at 17.6 ng/ml and exhibited a half-life of approximately one hour. Two metabolities of phencyclidine were detected in human and dog urine after enzymatic hydrolysis. The metabolities were tentatively identified as 4-phenyl-4-piperidinocyclohexanol and 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-4-hydroxy-piperidine by electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectral analysis of the metabolites and their trimethylsilyl derivatives. Structural confirmation was achieved by synthesis of the metabolities. A third metabolite was found in urine from rhesus monkeys and was tentatively identified as 1-(1-phenyl-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine.
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  • 183
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. vii 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 185
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 229-253 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Publications from 1969 through 1974 reporting organic and spark source mass spectrometric studies on environmental samples have been compiled. Emphasis is placed on pollutants identified, but some methods and techniques are discussed. The 396 reports cited vary from those reporting hundreds of identified pollutants to those describing the analysis of only one sample containing one or a few pollutants. Reports concerning forensic, synthetic and standard samples, and analyses for drug residues, metabolites and degradation products are not included.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 261-265 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry studies of the whole lyophilized microorganism Streptomyces longisporoflavus, an actinomycete, are reported. Identification of the pyrolysis products indicate that the vast majority arise from protein and carbohydrate origin. There is a paucity of lipid fragments evident. Some of the details of its biochemical composition evident in these results are compared with our previous similar studies on the bacteria Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis var. niger and suggest this actinomycete lies in biochemical complexity somewhere between the latter two organisms. Although the pyrolysis patterns of these three organisms possess considerable similarities, they are drastically different to that from the fungus Aspergillus niger.
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  • 187
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 272-275 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Melatonin containing three deuterium atoms in the 5-methoxy position has been synthesized by methylation of N-acetylserotonin with dideuterodiazomethane. The deuterated product was characterized by mass spectrometry and found to contain 90.8% of maximum possible deuterium incorporation. The major fragmentation patterns of melatonin under electron impact ionization are discussed with the aid of high resolution, deuterium labelling and metastable transition data.
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  • 188
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-13C12 parent ion isotope cluster abundances are calculated on a multinomial probability basis for all possible isotope combinations. Parent negative ions \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \left[{\rm M} \right]^{\mathop - \limits_. } $\end{document} at m/e 322 and m/e 334 were selected for dual ion monitoring in the isotope dilution technique. Calculations, according to the Jaech's Method, are given for optimizing dual ion monitoring dwell time in the pulse counting mode at the femtogram level.
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  • 189
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methylphenidate undergoes partial thermal decomposition in the injection port of a gas chromatograph. This decomposition explains inconsistencies in some of the previously published mass spectra of the drug. The decomposition products were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry as methyl phenylacetate and a tetrahydropyridine. The extent of decomposition was found to be a function of the injector temperature and was also influenced by other factors, resulting in considerable variability. The ethyl ester analog behaved similarly. Derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride eliminates the thermal decomposition.
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  • 190
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 191
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A sensitive analytical method involving isotope dilution analysis with multilabeled standards and using field ionization mass spectrometry has been developed for the determination of methaqualone and its metabolie, 6-hydroxymethaqualone, in urine. The limit of sensitivity measured with urine samples is 200 pg/ml for the two compounds. Analysis of urines collected over 11 days following ingestion of a single 250 mg tablet of Mandrax™ by a human subject indicates that the slow phase of excretion of the two compounds has a half-life approximately 50 h long.
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  • 192
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 288-298 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Techniques are described for the computer reduction and identification of complex high resolution mass spectrometric data to yield qualitative and quantitative data for one hundred or more components in a complex mixture. The procedures described have been applied to direct insertion probe separations coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. Two mass spectrometer computer systems are described in this paper. The basic techniques were developed at the University of Washington utilizing an A.E.I. MS-9 high resolution mass spectrometer, which was interfaced with a PDP-12 digital computer. The most recent system utilizes a Nova II computer interfaced to a Varian MAT 311 mass spectrometer. Programs were developed which were capable of determining the accurate mass (± 3 millimass) of up to 1000 ions per scan. High accuracy limited mass searches were first used to reduce the data. A correlation program was developed to resolve pure mass spectra from the composite mass spectral data using data obtained from the limited mass searches. A library search program was developed which used up to four major identifying masses and their relative abundances in addition to relative volatilization temperatures (probe) or relative retention times (gas chromatographic) for obtaining qualitative data. Quantitative data for each compound were obtained by comparing the total integrated ion current of one ion fragment to that of an internal standard. Instrumental and computer parameters are discussed with respect to the accuracy of the quantitative work. Final computer results gave compound identification and concentrations in μg/m3 or ppm. The use of this analytical technique for the analysis of complex mixtures of pollutants present in atmospheric aerosols is described.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. vii 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 194
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A generally applicable strategy for polypeptide sequencing has been developed which involves cleavage of a large peptide (for example, primary degradation peptides obtained by tryptic or cyanogen bromide cleavage of a protein) to a mixture of small peptides whose individual amino acid sequences are then determined without their prior isolation. This is accomplished by conversion of the peptide mixture into the corresponding mixture of O-trimethylsilylated polyamino alcohols through reduction of the N-acetylated peptide esters with lithium aluminum deuteride, followed by treatment with trimethylsilyldiethylamine. The conditions for the enzymatic or chemical cleavage were optimized to yield mixtures of peptides best suited for this technique and which represented complete overlap. Limited acid hydrolysis combined with a second experimen utilizing either an enzyme with broad specificity, a set of enzymes, or dipeptidyl aminopeptidase I on the original and/or Edman-degraded molecule was found to be the best choice. This sequencing strategy was evaluated using 0.4 to 1.4 μmol of peptides with known structures (ribonuclease S-peptide, glucagon) and then applied to primary degradation peptides of rabbit skeletal muscle actin up to twenty amino acids long (0.4 to 1 μmol per experiment).
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  • 195
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    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975), S. 11-15 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Liquid SO2 sealed into tubes made of a fluorocarbon copolymer permeates the walls of the tube at a temperature-dependent but accurately reproducible rate. Sulfur dioxide dispensers made in this way are called permeation tubes and are useful for calibrating instruments that measure SO2 concentrations in air. The National Bureau of Standards calibrates SO2 permeation tubes and makes them available as Standard Reference Materials. The permeation rate in a batch of nominally identical tubes varies enough that each Standard Reference Material tube must be individually calibrated. Changes in the length or radial dimensions of the tubes are much too small to explain most of this variation. An excellent (negative) correlation is found between the measured permeation rate and the density of the polymer (or weight per unit length). Since both the measured density and the permeation rate for this semi-crystalline polymer depend upon morphological factors, but in different ways, x-ray diffraction measurements of the thickness and orientation of the lamellar crystals were made and a mathematical model was set up to identify the morphological factors which can cause variations in the permeation rate.
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    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A theory for roll coating of a fluid onto a moving sheet is developed utilizing the usual “lubrication approximations.” The effects of fluid and operating parameters on coating thickness and pressure distribution are determined for a Newtonian fluid, and for a purely viscous non-Newtonian fluid obeying the Power Law. The results for these cases are obtained analytically, and are rather straightforward.A viscoelastic fluid is considered, of a type which shows typical non-Newtonian shear behavior observed in polymer melts and solutions and which also exhibits normal stress behavior. Analytical solutions are not possible, but a perturbation method, using a viscoelastic perturbation parameter related to a Deborah number, yields an approximate solution. Only terms to first order in the perturbation parameter are given. Subject to that degree of approximation, the following conclusions are drawn: 1Non-Newtonian shear behavior reduces the pressure distribution, and increases the coating thickness.1Elasticity of the type usually observed in polymer solutions makes only a minor contribution to the roll-separating (load-carrying) force. The contribution is positive, but smaller than the corresponding negative contribution due to the non-Newtonian shear effects.1An increase in load-carrying capacity would require a different viscoelastic fluid than the type considered here - one that is essentially Newtonian in shear but, independently, capable of developing significant normal stresses.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 197
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975), S. 29-34 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: There are two distinct solid conveying theories that can be applied to plasticating screw extruders. One is Darnell and Mol's theory based on a solid-to-solid friction model and the other is Chung's theory based on a viscous shearing model. The two theories predict very different solid conveying performances for a same set of conditions. In this paper, the maximum pressures that can be developed inside plasticating screw extruders by the solid conveying force are calculated using each of the two theories. Comparison of the results may shed some light on the applicability of each theory for a particular extrusion operation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 198
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 199
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975), S. 79-83 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The mechanical properties of a propylene-ethylene copolymer resin depend strongly on the mold temperature employed during injection molding. Average spherulite size correlates well with most physical properties; good impact properties are related to small average size, and high heat distortion temperatures to large average size. Tensile specimens have three distinct regions when viewed through crossed polars. The outer region (Region 1) does not contain spherulites, but Regions 2 and 3 do. The largest spherulites are found in Region 3, the center of the specimen. Region 1 has a molecular weight higher than that of the other two regions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 200
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975), S. 113-116 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: During the last several years there has been considerable interest in the occurrence of structure in certain bulk polymers normally thought to be structurally homogeneous. Specifically, it has been proposed that polymers produced by emulsion polymerization may retain a particle structure in the bulk state. This has been demonstrated by both rheological measurements and by electron microscopy. In this work we show conclusively that at least part of the particle structure observed by electron microscopy for polystyrene is an intrinsic feature of the fracture surface and is in no way related to the history of the sample.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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