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  • 1980-1984  (3,905)
  • 1900-1904
  • 1890-1899
  • 1980  (3,905)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (2,926)
  • General Chemistry  (890)
  • Rat  (88)
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  • 1980-1984  (3,905)
  • 1900-1904
  • 1890-1899
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of electrodiffusion to the dynamics of electrically stimulated changes in mechanical properties of collagen membranesPresented at the Third International Congress of Biorheology, August 28-September 1, 1978, La Jolla, California. (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 241-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have studied the kinetics of oscillatory tensile forces in collagen membranes. These forces were generated by sinusoidal electric fields applied across the membrane. Both the magnitude and phase of the measured force changed with frequency over a three-decade range. The membrane-separated electrolyte baths had different ionic strength but identical non-isoelectric pH. Changes in intramembrane ionic strength due to the electric field were calculated over the same frequency range via an electrodiffusion model that was generalized to include convection and electrokinetic coupling. A comparison of the experimental and theoretical phases and amplitudes versus frequency suggests that electrodiffusion is the dominant rate-limiting process in this electromechanochemical transduction. These results are relevant to electrostatic interactions in connective tissues and to membrane-based filtration devices in which membrane permeability may be actively varied and controlled by an applied electric field.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190204
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat capacity changes and partial molal heat capacities of some di- and tripeptides in water (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 263-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Integral enthalpies of solution of several dipeptides and tripeptides in water at low concentrations have been determined at 25 and 35°C. These data have been used to derive the changes in heat capacity on dissolution at infinite dilution ΔCp0 at 30°C. Limiting partial molal heat capacities ΔCp20 have been determined by combining ΔCp0 with Cp2 (heat capacity of pure solid peptides). Using the data on ω-amino acids and these peptides, the partial molal heat capacity of a peptide group —CONH— was semiquantitatively estimated.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190205
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat capacities of transfer of some amino acids and peptides from water to aqueous urea solution (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 273-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Integral enthalpies of solution at low concentrations of several amino acids and peptides in 2 and 6M urea solutions have been determined at 25 and 35°C. These data have been used to derive the enthalpies of transfer (at 25 and 35°C) and heat capacities of transfer (at 30°C) of these amino acids and peptides from water to aqueous urea solutions. Furthermore, the enthalpies of transfer and heat capacities of transfer per CH2 group and per peptide group —CONH— have also been estimated. These results show that while the enthalpies and heat capacities of transfer per CH2 group are positive and negative, respectively, the reverse is true for —CONH— group. The implications of these results in the mechanism of the denaturation of proteins by urea are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190206
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on transfer ribonucleic acids and related compounds. XXVI.Paper XXV: Ohtsuka, E., Miyake, T. & Ikehara, M. (1979) Chem. Pharm. Bull. 27, 341-345. Circular dichroic properties of cyclic oligoribonucleotides and their linear counterparts (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 285-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The CD spectra of cUpUp, cCpCp, and cGpGp derived from DCC-catalyzed polymerization of the relevant protected ribonucleoside 3′-phosphates are described. Similar studies on Up, U 〉 p, and cUp, as well as cUpUpUp and cUpUpUpUp, are presented. The spectral properties of the cyclic oligomers are compared with those of the corresponding linear oligomers with terminal 3′-phosphates so as to demonstrate that disruption of normal right-handed base stacking is considerable in these RNA loops.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190207
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical synthesis of (1 → 2)-α-D-mannopyranan (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 297-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of 1,2-anhydro-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-mannopyranose proceeds in the presence of Lewis acids, cationic coordination catalysts, and strong bases. Debenzylation of the products yields oligomeric saccharides or low polymers. Polymerization in toluene by means of potassium alkoxide complexed with crown ethers leads to essentially stereoregular (1 → 2)-α-D-mannopyranan. The original derivatives have been characterized by optical rotation, viscosity, molecular weight, gel permeation chromatography, and spectrometry. The free polysaccharides have been characterized by optical rotation, molecular weight, and 1H- and 13C-nmr spectrometry and compared to yeast mannan hydrolysate oligomers.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190208
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical association of two simple alkylators to some DNA sequences (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 311-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular mechanics calculations have been used to determine the preferred physical association sites of the known alkylating agent dimethyl aziridinium ion (Az+) and a CH3+ prototype test probe with B-form, tetrameric DNA sequences. Electrostatic interactions are most important in determining these preferential physical association sites. In turn, the intermolecular energy minima depend on the charge distribution assigned to the DNA sequence. However, for three reported DNA charge distributions, only two distinct sets of energy minima were obtained for the CH3+-like ion interacting with (G-C)4, (A-T)4, and [(G-C)·(A-T)]2 deoxyribonucleic acids. These minima correspond to physical association geometries in which the CH3+-like ion is near known alkylation sites. The results of the Az+ … [(G-C)·(A-T)]2 interaction are virtually identical to those found for the CH3+-like ion. Aqueous solvation energetics have little effect on the physical association of Az+ with [(G-C)·(A-T)]2.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190209
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical reactivity of protonated aziridine with nucleophilic centers of DNA bases (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 325-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of molecular orbital calculations, using MINDO/3 and CNDO/2L methods, have been used to characterize the chemical reaction of protonated aziridine with DNA nucleophilic base sites. The N-7 atom of guanine is found to be the preferred alkylation site only when the O-6 atom of guanine is involved in base-pair hydrogen bonding. Otherwise O-6 is the predicted major site of alkylation. This indirectly suggests that protonated aziridine alkylation processes involve base-paired DNA structures, since N-7 guanine is the observed major site of alkylation. Alkylation of N-3 adenine is predicted to be more favorable than chemical attack of the N-7 adenine position. Both of these sites, however, are predicted to be less reactive than N-7 of guanine. These chemical reactivity studies resolve alkylation specifically not achieved in the DNA-alkylator physical association calculations reported in the preceding paper.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190210
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformational analysis of somatostatin and selected analogs in oriented polyoxyethylene by infrared dichroism (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 341-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Infrared dichroic studies and deuterium exchange measurements of somatostatin and some of its analogs incorporated in uniaxially oriented polyoxyethylene are described. Band positions and dichroic ratios in the N-H stretching and amide I and II regions are similar to those of flexible and nonordered peptides like valinomycin and poly[Glu(ONa)]. This information, together with fast deuterium exchange rates, suggests that somatostatin exists in a flexible nonordered conformation in polyoxyethylene. One analog, di-S3,14-acetamidomethyl dihydrosomatostatin, was found to exist in both nonordered and β-like conformations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190211
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monte carlo simulation of the solvent structure in crystals of a hydrated cyclic peptide (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 395-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Monte Carlo simulation of the structure of the 16 ordered and disordered waters in the unit cell of crystals of the cyclic peptide cyclo(-L-Ala-L-Pro-D-Phe)2 is reported. The water structure has been characterized in terms of the statistically averaged positions of the individual molecules, their root-mean-square movements about these positions, the probability of finding a water in a given spatial position in the crystal (probability maps), and examination of individual configurations of the system. In this way a picture is obtained of the water structure, including water orientations (hydrogen positions), the hydrogen-bonding network, and fluctuations in these structural features, to a degree hitherto unavailable either from experimental or theoretical studies. In addition, the variation in water structure in various peptide environments was studied and correlated with the energetics of the individual water molecules. Variations in the crystalline environment of different water molecules lead to energy differences of as much as 4-5 kcal/mol in their average energies. Similarly, differences are observed in the water-peptide and water-water components of the energy. Two different water potentials were tested. The results were compared with experimental data in terms of mean positions, root-mean-square movements, and the Fourier transform of the simulated water structure. The agreement factor (R factor) calculated from the theoretical water probability distribution was 18.8% compared to the x-ray value of 14.5%, and the value of 28% when the water is omitted.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190214
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190301
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymeric model system for protein-bilirubin interaction (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 445-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190217
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformational flexibility of peptides containing α,β-unsaturated amino acid residues. I. Conformational analysis of N-acetyl-N′-methylamides of dehydroalanine and N-methyldehydroalanine (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 469-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conformational energy calculations on the N-acetyl-N′-methylamides of dehydroalanine and N-methyldehydroalanine indicate that their conformational behavior is very different from that of the corresponding saturated compounds. The conformational data in the literature from x-ray and nmr investigations on peptides containing α,β-unsaturated residues are discussed on the basis of these theoretical results.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190303
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and ordered structure of amphipatic block copolymers with a saccharide and a peptide block (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 493-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Amphipatic block copolymers (OβEb) with a hydrophilic saccharide block and a hydrophobic polypeptide block were synthesized. In these copolymers the saccharide block is the glyco-amino acid Oβ from ovomucoid and the peptide block (Eb) is a poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) block. Copolymers OβEb exhibit, in the solid state and in Me2SO concentrated solutions, mesomorphic lamellar structures where the polypeptide chains are in an α-helical conformation. Depending on the molecular weight of the polypeptide block, three types of lamellar structures are obtained, and they differ by the mode of organization of the polypeptide chains in their lamellae and by the T or Y conformation of the saccharide block.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190305
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic and equilibrium dialysis studies of poly(α-L-glutamic acid)-Cu(II) complexes in the pH range 4-7For the preceding paper of the Macromolecule-Metal Ion Complex series, see Macromolecules 12 (1979) in press. (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 477-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The formation of complex between the Cu2+ ion and poly(α-L-glutamic acid) [poly(Glu)] in 150 mM NaCl solutions was studied by uv-visible absorption and equilibrium dialysis methods at the mixing ratios of Glu residues to Cu2+, R, of 32, 16, and 8 and in the pH range 4-7. The results showed that more than 90% of Cu2+ ions bind to the poly(Glu) at pH 〉 4.9, but the bound Cu(II) begins to dissociate with a decrease in pH. The absorption spectra of bound Cu(II) varied with pH and R in a complicated manner. Three different component spectra were disclosed from the analysis of the pH dependence of the bound spectra. We concluded that poly(Glu)-Cu(II) complexes fall into three classes in the pH range 4-7, with the proportions of these complexes varying with both pH and R. The three complexes predominate either in the helix or extended-coil region, in the helix-coil transition region, or in the helix-aggregate region. The stability constant and binding mode of each Cu(II)-Glu complex were estimated from the dialysis data. With these results, the possible structure of each complex is discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190304
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor effects in the proton NMR spectra of the oligoribonucleotides ApGpX and CpApX (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 557-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The variable-temperature proton nmr spectra of the oligoribonucleotides in the series CpApX and the series ApGpX, X = A, G, C, U, together with the parent dimers CpA and ApG have been measured. A complete analysis of all the nonexchangeable base proton resonances and ribose H-1′ proton resonances was made. The presence of trends in the shielding abilities of the various bases at both the nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor positions were identified. The observed shieldings could be used to predict the chemical shifts of protons in related systems. Based on the empirical results from ribodinucleoside monophosphates, the temperature-dependent behavior of the J1′2′ coupling constants of the triribonucleotides suggested that the compounds in the CpApX series stacked from the 5′-end to the 3′-end, while those in the ApGpX series stacked from the 3′-end to the 5′-end.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190309
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monte carlo computation of the supercoiling energy, the sedimentation constant, and the radius of gyration of unknotted and knotted circular DNA (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 619-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Closed random Gaussian polygonal chains of N (6 〈 N 〈 150) bonds of equal length b and thickness d have been generated on a computer. The knot type, the writhing number w, the radius of gyration, and the average of the inverse of the distance between two apices have been determined for each chain. For all the studied knot types - 0, 31, 41, 51, and 52 - the probability density of finding a given w is Gaussian. The Gaussian is centered about 0 for the amphichiral knots. Therefore, for long circular DNAs, the contribution to the supercoiling energy, which depends on w only, may be considered as purely entropic and may be expressed as ARTw2/N, in agreement with previous semiempirical considerations. The parameter A increases with chain thickness, it decreases as N gets larger but rapidly reaches a plateau. Comparison with experimental data from the literature would suggest that the ratio of the writhing to the constraint increases with ionic strength. The ratio of sedimentation constant of the supercoiled DNA to the sedimentation constant of the nicked DNA varies as N1/4 (w/N)2, and therefore depends on the writhing density and on the length of the DNA.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190312
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of band centrifugation to the study of the assembly of alfalfa mosaic virus (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 575-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A band-centrifugation method for the analysis of an assembly reaction of a simple virus from its RNA and protein is described. The experiment was carried out by sedimenting a band of viral RNA through a solution of depolymerized coat protein. The resulting radial distribution of the reaction products, followed as a function of time, was analyzed by a computer simulation of the series of reaction. This method is based on a numerical solution of the continuity equation for the sedimentation-diffusion process [Claverie, J.-M., Dreux, H. & Cohen, R. (1975) Biopolymers 14, 1685-1700; Cohen, R. & Claverie, J.-M. (1975) Biopolymers 14, 1701-1716]. A numerical method for the simulation of the chemical reaction is derived. From the simulated reaction series, equilibrium constants emerge for the successive addition of protein subunits to the growing nucleoprotein particle.The method is applied to the assembly of alfalfa mosaic virus. If the reaction between RNA and protein is carried out in 0.32M CsCl, pH 7.0, two stages during particle growth are resolved, each characterized by an equilibrium constant K. The determined values for K range from 5 × 105 to 3 × 106 l. mol-1. The existence of these two stages may have a structural implication in the assembly, as they likely represent an elongation and a termination stage. If the reaction is carried out under more favorable conditions (0.25M CsCl, pH 7.0), a kinetic constant of at least 105 l. mol-1 sec-1 is derived for each reaction step. Under these conditions the assembly appears to be completed within 1 min, which is too fast to detect distinct stages by band sedimentation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190310
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of molecular motions in 13C-labeled aortic elastin by 13C-1H magnetic double resonance (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 597-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Purified insoluble elastin samples labeled with [1-13C]valine, [1-13C]alanine, and [1-13C]-lysine were prepared from chick aorta in culture. The molecular mobility at the labeled sites was investigated using 13C-1H magnetic double-resonance spectroscopy. Linewidths, T1, and nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) values of the labeled carbons alone were obtained from dipolar decoupled difference spectra. Analysis of these parameters together with signal intensity measurements showed that essentially all the valyl residues, ca. 75% of the alanyl residues, and ca. 60% of the lysyl residues were characterized by rapid backbone motions having τ = 65 nsec. Resonances due to the remaining alanyl and lysyl residues were detected in cross-polarization experiments, which enhance the signals of motionally restricted carbons. Since lysyl and alanyl residues are found in the crosslink regions of elastin, whereas valyl residues are not, we conclude that crosslinks rather than secondary structures in the extensible region of the protein are the main source of motional restrictions in the protein. Elastin chain mobility was monitored by linewidth measurements over the range -90 to +70°C. When the swelling solvent (0.15M NaCl) was fixed at 0.6 g/g of elastin, a rapid monotonic reduction in chain mobility was observed as the temperature was lowered from 50 to 5°C. Liquidlike mobility was completely lost at 5°C. In contrast, the same sample in contact with excess solvent retained its liquidlike molecular mobility until -13°C, where it abruptly became rigid. The molecular mobility of this sample was temperature insensitive in the physiologically interesting range, 20-40°C, as a consequence of the opposing influences of temperature and swelling. Taken together these nmr data indicate that under physiological conditions, elastin is a network of mobile chains whose motions are strongly influenced by protein-solvent interactions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190311
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of preferential solvation of some glucans in mixed solvent systems by gel-permeation chromatography (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 639-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preferential solvation of the glucans amylose, pullulan, and dextran in binary dimethyl-sulfoxide/water (DMSO/H2O) solvent mixtures has been measured using gel-permeation chromatography. The preferential solvation behavior of the three glucans in DMSO/H2O solvent mixtures is indistinguishable in the experiments reported. In solvent mixtures with mol ratio DMSO/H2O less than 1:2, all three glucans are solvated preferentially by H2O. The maximum extent of preferential solvation by H2O is about 2.5 mol H2O/mol of glucose residues. When the DMSO/H2O mol ratio exceeds 1:2, DMSO solvates the glucans preferentially to a maximum extent of about 1 mol DMSO/mol of glucose residues. An interpretation of the change in preferential solvation with mixed solvent composition is suggested in terms of the known characteristics of the binary solvent system, and the relationship of preferential solvation, reported here, to the absolute solvation of the glucan chains is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190313
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  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical conductivity of single crystals of lysozyme (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 669-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dc electrical conductivity of large single crystals of hen egg-white lysozyme has been measured. The samples were grown from aqueous solution and dried in air with silica gel. The temperature dependence of the conductivity obeyed the relation σ = σ0 exp(- ΔE/kT), with ΔE = 1.2 eV. The ΔE value agreed with most of the previous results for various proteins in the form of lyophilized powder. On the other hand, log σ0, being between 7 and 11, was much larger than the previously reported values and differed among the samples. An irreversible decrease in σ0, without affecting ΔE, was observed on heating the samples above 85°C. It was shown that the set of results can be explained if the charge carriers responsible for the observed conduction are regarded as protons, originating from residual water molecules. Photoresponse of the samples to uv radiation below 305-315 nm was also observed. Reproducible and reliable results were obtained relatively easily in the present experiments, which is thought to be the main advantage of using single-crystalline samples.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190315
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  • 121
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    Transport properties and hydrodynamic centers of rigid macromolecules with arbitrary shapes (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 751-766 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A general formalism, which includes translation-rotation coupling, is proposed for calculating translational and rotational transport properties, as well as intrinsic viscosities, of rigid macromolecules with an arbitrary shape. This formalism is based on Brenner's theory of translational-rotational dynamics and on methods for the calculation of hydrodynamic properties that have been already presented, and can be regarded as a generalization of the one proposed by Nakajima and Wada. The calculated transport properties depend on the origin as predicted by Brenner's theory, but in a disagreement with him, the center of resistance and the center of diffusion do not coincide. As one can define several hydrodynamic centers, which in practice turn out to be located at different points, the influence of the choice of the center on the calculated transport properties is discussed. An analysis of the translation-rotation coupling effects in translational diffusion reveals that they arise exclusively from hydrodynamic interactions and are rather small in some cases of interest. Finally, we present a study of the rotational diffusion of rigid bent rods with a fixed length-to-diameter ratio. The diffusion coefficients obtained can be useful to estimate changes with respect to a straight rod.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190404
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  • 122
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    Adsorption of polypeptides on the solid surface. II. Effect of secondary chain structure and helix-coil transition (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 805-821 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The theory of adsorption of semistiff chains on a planar surface developed by the authors previously has been used to consider the helix-coil transition in single-stranded macromolecule interacting with an adsorbent plane. The cases of nonselective interaction when the adsorption energy is independent of the unit conformation (a) and selective interaction with only helical (b) or coiled (c) sequences active in adsorption were investigated. In case (b) the existence of secondary structure favors chain bonding to the surface. This leads to the increase in the stability of the helical state and complete polypeptide chain spiralization. The profile of the conformational helix-coil transition acquires an asymmetrical shape inherent to the second-order phase transition.In case (c) the bonding of a partially helical chain to the surface is similar to the adsorption of Gaussian coils and is accompanied by the destruction of secondary structure, this destruction being appreciable even if the helical state in space was favorable.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190407
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  • 123
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    Unwinding of DNA induced by fluorescein mercuric acetate (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 991-999 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fluorescein mercuric acetate causes the unwinding of DNA and binds to the separated bases. This unwinding process can be followed by measuring absorption changes of this reagent. For untreated calf thymus DNA, the initial rate was very slow, and the shape of the kinetic curve was sigmoidal. When double-strand breaks of DNA were produced by DNase II treatment or sonication, the initial rate increased and the sigmoidal character disappeared. The initial rate was shown to be proportional to the concentration of helix ends. From this relation the rate of unwinding was estimated to be 2.0 base pairs/sec at 1.0 × 10-5M fluorescein mercuric acetate and 25°C. DNase I treatment, which produces single-strand breaks and a smaller number of double-strand breaks, also increased the initial rate. However, this increase was due only to the double-strand breaks, that is, single-strand breaks had no significant effect on the initial rate. Also, uv irradiation increased the initial rate linearly with uv dose, at least up to 2 × 105 erg/mm2, suggesting that this increase is due to photoproducts other than usual pyrimidine dimers. We discuss the usefulness of this kinetic method in structural studies of DNA.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190505
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  • 124
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    Circular dichroism of nucleic acid monomers. I. Calculated adenosine and 2′-deoxyadenosine CD spectra (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1017-1038 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A combination of the DeVoe and Kirkwood polarizability concepts is developed to calculate CD spectra of nucleic acid monomers. The method is perfectly general and applies to any system where the constituents have absorption properties which are widely separated in terms of frequency. The theory is applied to calculate the CD spectra of adenosine and 2′-deoxyadenosine conformers. Bond polarizabilities are evaluated for the ribosyl moiety of adenosine, as a function of glycosidic rotational angles and polarizability anisotropies. It is found that a wide range of C-C and C-O bond polarizabilities give similar CD results. Isotropic atom polarizabilities are also evaluated. It is found that the CD results using these polarizabilities do not differ significantly from those obtained with bond polarizabilities. The CD spectra of adenosine and 2′-deoxyadenosine are calculated for three x-ray diffraction determined geometries: A-form RNA, B-form DNA, and C-form DNA. The results indicate that the monomer CD spectra are strongly dependent on the precise geometry and appear to be of importance in understanding the spectra of oligomers and polymers. The deoxyadenosine conformers are found to have calculated CD spectra which are less intense than those of the ribosyl conformers. These results indicate that the measured differences between the CD magnitudes of ribo- and deoxyriboadenosine are due to the presence or absence of the 2′-hydroxyl. Weighted averaged adenosine CD spectra are calculated with the aid of probability distributions from conformational energy calculations. The results suggest a new method for obtaining empirical monomer parameters for use in optical calculations. The calculations in this paper indicate for the first time that DeVoe theory, in combination with the Kirkwood theory, provides a useful method for the calculation of the CD spectra of nonpolymeric molecules.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190507
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  • 125
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    β-Chain conformation of the high-sulfur proteins from wool (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1093-1097 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190512
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  • 126
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    Calorimetric determination of the enthalpy of ionization of oxidized and reduced horse heart cytochrome c (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 899-911 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The heats of ionization of protons, ΔHi, of oxidized and reduced horse heart cytochrome c in 0.15M KCl at 20°C were determined using a titration calorimeter which simultaneously afforded the potentiometric titration curve. Reproducibility of the thermal titrations is within 2%, and evaluation of the heats observed after the heat loss corrections is estimated to be within 5%. A single titration of oxidized cytochrome c from pH 11 to 3 is in excellent agreement with the thermal titration of this protein obtained with flow calorimetry. The thermal titration, however, is not reversible, due in part to the loss of titratable group(s) in this pH region and to the heat contribution of the acid and alkaline conformational changes which occur. Although of lesser magnitude, the reduced form also indicates similar thermal transitions. These differences are due solely to conformational contributions to the thermal process, since the potentiometric curves are reversible. The nature of the irreversibility for oxidized cytochrome c appears to involve the loss of a group with pK′ 8.9 and the shift of two groups from pK′ 5.6 to 4.8. Thermal difference curves for this process indicate that heats of -7.8 and -24.1 kcal/mol are liberated which are centered at pH 9.3 and 3.9, respectively.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190413
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  • 127
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    Syn-anti equilibrium of purine bases in dinucleoside monophosphates as studied by proton longitudinal relaxation (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1211-1239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preferential orientations of the purine bases in dinucleoside monophosphates such as ApA, ApG, and GpA in 10-2M neutral aqueous solutions have been investigated by proton relaxation at 250 MHz. These orientations are deduced from computer simulations of the magnetization recovery curves following a 180° nonselective pulse. The distances between the H(8) proton of a base and the ribose ring protons which are used in these calculations are obtained by minimization as a function of the glycosyl torsion angle ϒ of the standard deviation between the isotropic reorientation correlation times τR derived from the relaxation rates of these protons. The average H(1′) - H(8) distance obtained by this procedure may be readily verified from the reduction of the H(1′) relaxation rate when H(8) is substituted by a deuteron. The limits of validity of the assumption of a single correlation time τR governing the proton relaxation have been estimated, taking into account several possible internal motions, e.g., the rotation of the base, of the methylene exocyclic group and the N ⇄ S interconversion of the ribose ring. For 10-10 〈 τR 〈 2 × 10-10 sec, it appears that the influence of these motions on the proton relaxation becomes perceptible when the jump rates among equilibrium positions exceed ca. 109 sec-1.The whole of the experimental results show that for the ribose ring N conformer, the orientation of the bases is found in the ranges 60° 〈 ϒ 〈 80° (syn) and 180° 〈 ϒ 〈 210° (anti). For ribose S conformer, it is observed that this orientation is mainly syn with 5° 〈 ϒ 〈 90°. The average H(1′) - H(8) distance provides semiquantitative information on the overall syn or anti orientations of the base in each nucleoside moiety. At 298 K the population of the anti conformer is found to increase in the order A- pG 〈 Ap-G ∼ Gp-A 〈 Ap-A 〈 A-pA 〈 G-pA. A more detailed analysis of relaxation data shows that the maximum possible fraction of the stacked form of dinucleotides, due to the occurrence of N-anti conformers in both nucleoside moieties, is in the order ApG 〈 GpA 〈 ApA, in agreement with previous works, with however smaller values.Lastly the deuteron linewidth in position 8 of the bases indicates a syn-anti transition rate of the order of 109 sec-1 at room temperature, without noticeable effects therefore on the proton relaxation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190608
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  • 128
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    Effect of counterions on complex coacervation (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1289-1298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In a recent paper, we developed a thermodynamic theory on the complex coacervation in the absence of low molecular ions, under the assumption that the coacervation is a condensation phenomenon of aggregates of polyanion and polycation in the aqueous solution, by obtaining the interaction potential US between these aggregates on the basis of Flory's method. In this paper, we have extended the theory to a more complicated phenomenon of the counterion-containing solutions. This treatment has led the interaction potential having an additional contribution to US resulting from an entropy increase by the counterion distribution. The phase diagram between solution (sol) and separated phase has been obtained as a function of the difference of charges between polyanion and polycation. It has been found that the presence of counterions sensitively suppresses the coacervation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190705
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  • 129
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    Dielectric relaxation of DNA solutions. IV. Effects of salts and dyes (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1039-1047 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of salts (NaCl, LiCl, Me4NCl, AgNO3, MgCl2, CuCl2 and MnCl2) and dyes (acridine orange and methylene blue) on the low-frequency dielectric relaxation (0.1 Hz-30 kHz) of dilute aqueous solutions of DNA were investigated with varying salt or dye concentrations. Both the dielectric relaxation time τD and the rotational relaxation time τ estimated from the reduced viscosity decrease in quite parallel ways with increasing M/P (M/P being the normality ratio of cation to phosphate residue), reflecting the contraction of DNA molecule due to electrostatic shielding and cation binding. The agreement between τD and τ through the whole range of M/P supports our previous conclusion that the low-frequency relaxation of DNA arises from rotation of the molecule. The dielectric increment Δε also decreases with increasing M/P on account of both the contraction of DNA and the decrease in effective degree of dissociation of DNA. Δε as a function of M/P is interpreted in terms of a quasi-permanent dipole due to counterion fluctuation. These effects of cations are the strongest for divalent cations and rather weak for Na+, Li+, and Me4N+. Effects of dye on τD and Δε are also well explained by the rotation of DNA molecule with a quasi-permanent dipole due to counterion fluctuation on the basis of intercalation of dye at D/P 〈 0.2 (D/P being the molarity ratio of dye to phosphate residue) and external binding at 0.2 〈 D/P 〈 1.0.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190508
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  • 130
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    Models for boundary effects on molecular rotation in membranes (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1597-1602 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rotational and wobbling diffusion coefficients for spherical and long-chain molecules in membranes are calculated using a simple hydrodynamic model. Estimates of the contributions to the diffusion coefficients arising from hydrodynamic interactions between molecules and membrane interfaces are obtained and found to be small. For molecules containing polar head groups, we show that the presence of a membrane interface can produce a significant reduction in the wobbling diffusion coefficient over what would be obtained in an isotropic fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190904
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  • 131
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    Cation effects on the nonlinear electrical properties of DNA solutions (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1629-1640 
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    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The nonlinear electrical properties of DNA solutions were measured when different monovalent cations were added to DNA. The influence of different parameters has been examined: fundamental frequency, field strength, and concentration. A linear relationship between the harmonic current Ih and the DNA concentration is shown, even for higher concentration values (400 mg/l.). The frequency dispersion of Ih has the same shape for all the cations and the low-frequency amplitude of Ih increases in the following order: Li+ 〈 Na+ 〈 K+ 〈 NH4+ 〈 Cs+. The nonlinear polarizability values are compared with the linear ones determined using the very low field electric birefringence technique. Both linear and nonlinear values are of the same order of magnitude. It is thought that the nonlinear electrical property of high-molecular-weight DNA mainly results from the deformation of the DNA coils by the electric field.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190907
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  • 132
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    Dependence of the internal relaxation time for DNA on salt type as inferred by quasielastic light scattering (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1655-1666 
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    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quasielastic light scattering methods were used to study calf thymus DNA in solutions of LiCl, NaCl, NH4Ac, and NH4Cl. Plots of the reciprocal relaxation time (1/τ) vs sin2(θ/2), where θ is the scattering angle, exhibit two linear regions, in accordance with theories for semiflexible polymers based on the t → 0 approximation. In these theories the slope of the linear region at low angles is associated with the translational diffusion coefficient (Dt), whereas the slope of the linear region at high angles is associated with the segmental diffusion coefficient (Ds = kT/ƒs). The midpoint of the “transition” between these two linear regions is associated with the mean displacement between segments (b). Data presented here indicate that the Rouse-Zimm parameters b and ƒs are significantly different for DNA in 0.4M NH4Cl relative to the other salts at comparable ionic strengths. It is suggested that this difference reflects local solvent structure and that both b and Ds are sensitive to the local water structure.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190909
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  • 133
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    Microscopic persistence length of native DNA: Its relation to average molecular dimensions (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1689-1694 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190912
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  • 134
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    Effect of some monohydric alcohols on the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin: Relevance of solvent dielectric constant and hydrophobicity (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1703-1703 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190914
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  • 135
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360191001
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  • 136
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    Sodium counterion activity of poly(S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine) and the beta-random-coil transition (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1743-1752 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sodium ion activity was measured using a Na-glass electrode in a solution of poly(S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine) with no added salt at various degrees of neutralization and various concentrations for samples of different molecular weights. The conformational change from random coil to the β-structure was detected from the activity coefficient of counterions, as well as from CD. At a constant degree of neutralization, the activity coefficient is insensitive to a concentration change not only in the random-coil state, but also in the range of conformational change if the concentration is below about 3 × 10-2 monomolal. At high concentrations of about 5 × 10-2 monomolal, however, the activity coefficient becomes low, probably due to the occurrence of the stacking of the pleated sheets.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 137
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    1H-nmr study of protected methionine homo-oligopeptides in helix-supporting environment (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1791-1799 
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    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H-nmr spectra for a series of Boc-L-(Met)n-OMe (n = 2-9) homo-oligopeptides have been observed in the helix-supporting solvent trifluoroethanol (TFE) at millimolar concentrations. Interfering solvent peaks were eliminated using two decoupling frequencies to selectively remove the methylene and hydroxyl protons of the solvent. Comparisons with specifically α-deuterated homo-oligopeptides gave complete assignments of the NH region of the Boc-Metn-OMe oligomers up to the heptapeptide. Analysis of chemical shifts, coupling constants, and temperature dependence of chemical shifts suggests that up to the hexapeptide, similar structures exist in deuterochloroform and TFE. In contrast, nmr parameters at the heptapeptide for several internal residues differ in these solvents. These results suggest that a C7 to α-helix transition may occur in TFE as the chain length of the methionine oligopeptides increases.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360191008
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  • 138
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    Use of natural-abundance 15N-nmr spectroscopy to investigate the secondary structure of peptides: Gramicidin S (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1815-1826 
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    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The natural-abundance 15N-nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectrum of the cyclic decapeptide gramicidin S has been measured and assigned in the solvents dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. Three methods have been investigated to distinguish between peptide groups which are exposed to or shielded from the solvent. The solvent dependence of the 15N chemical shift is correlated with the two types of peptide group in gramicidin S—those with the carbonyl group exposed or shielded from the solvent. The second method monitors the lability of the N—H proton (via the collapse of the reduced 15N-1H coupling) in the presence of added base used to promote intermolecular exchange - peptide protons shielded from the solvent exchange more slowly. The third method looks at the temperature dependence of the 15N chemical shifts in dimethyl sulfoxide. Here the data are not so distinctive as to allow the differentiation between solvent-exposed or shielded N—H bonds at all peptide groups.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360191010
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  • 139
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    Modification of the apparent radius of gyration of cytochrome c by the distribution of counterions in solution (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1887-1897 
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    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Small changes in the apparent radius of gyration of native cytochrome c were measured as a function of pH in solutions of 0 and 50 mM ruthenium hexicyanide. The forward scattering was also measured as a function of pH under the same conditions to ascertain the contribution of the Ru ion shell to the forward scattering and concomitantly to the radius of gyration. The forward scattering and small alterations in the radius of gyration were then measured as a function of Ru counterion concentration. These results are then interpreted in terms of the mechanisms which influence the measured apparent radius of gyration. It is shown that the Debye-Hückel theory of counterion distributions can be used to describe the data in situations where scattering from the bound Ru ions contributes less significantly than scattering from the ion cloud.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360191015
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  • 140
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360191101
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  • 141
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    Fluorine nmr studies of poly(N-acryloyl-β-alanine)-α-chymotrypsin conjugates (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1827-1837 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fluorine nmr experiments carried out at 51.0 and 94.1 MHz have been used to explore the interaction of the probe molecule p-fluorocinnamate with conjugates formed from α-chymotrypsin and poly(N-acryloyl-β-alanine). The data obtained include enzyme-induced chemical-shift effects, spin-lattice (R1) and transverse (R2) relaxation rates, and the rate constant for dissociation of the fluorocinnamate-enzyme complexes. Analysis of the results indicates that while overall molecular tumbling of the enzyme molecule is not greatly changed by attachment of polymers of various sizes, conjugated polymer can appreciably affect the structure of the p-fluorocinnamate binding site. The important variable involved in such structural changes appears to be the amount of polymer present per mole of protein.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360191011
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  • 142
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    Concentration distribution and spatial moments of moving macromolecules undergoing isomerization (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1875-1886 
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    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Expressions for zeroth, first, and second spatial moments are obtained for diffusing macromolecules A and B that move due to an external field and undergo reversible isomerization, switching back and forth according to first-order kinetics. In addition, expressions for third and fourth moments are derived for the special case of equal diffusion coefficients, equal rate constants, and equal but opposite velocities. The initial conditions are arbitrary amounts of A or B concentrated in an infinitesimally narrow region. The moments are computed from derivatives of the Fourier-transformed concentration profiles of A and B. The moments are used in an expansion in term of Hermite polynomials, the Gram-Charlier expansion, to construct the concentration profiles of A or B or A and B together. The examples presented show that a few terms of the expansion, for which explicit expressions are given, can give tolerable accuracy if the velocity is not too large and the rate constants and diffusion coefficient are not too small. The expansion can be used to determine when the profiles are unimodal.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360191014
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  • 143
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    Triple helix-coil transition of covalently bridged collagenlike peptides (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1909-1917 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal triple helix-coil transition of covalently bridged collagenlike peptides with repeating sequences of (Ala-Gly-Pro)n, n = 5-15, was studied optically. The peptides were soluble in water/acetic acid (99:1) and were found to form triple-helical structures in this solvent system beginning with n = 8. The thermodynamic analysis of the transition equilibrium curves for n = 9-13 yielded the parameters ΔH°s = -7.0 kJ per tripeptide unit, ΔS°s = -23.1 J deg-1 mol-1 per tripeptide unit for the coil-to-helix transition, and the apparent nucleation parameter σ ≃ 5 × 10-2. It was suggested through double-jump temperature experiments that the rate-limiting step during refolding is not only influenced by the difficulties of nucleation, but also by cis-trans isomerization of the Gly-Pro peptide bond.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360191017
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  • 144
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    Experimental characterization of poly(hydroxyalkyl-L-glutamine) conformations in aqueous calcium chloride and sodium perchlorate solutions (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1923-1941 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(hydroxyalkyl-L-glutamine) (alkyl = ethyl, propyl, butyl) solutions have been studied by CD as functions of temperature and activity of calcium chloride and sodium perchlorate. Helical content is altered by changes in salt activity and temperature. The helicity of poly(hydroxybutyl-L-glutamine) and poly(hydroxypropyl-L-glutamine) falls to zero in a monotonic fashion with increasing calcium chloride activity. A nonzero helicity reappears at activities in excess of 5-50 mol kg-1. Poly(hydroxypropyl-L-glutamine) is much more sensitive to calcium chloride than is poly(hydroxybutyl-L-glutamine), and both polypeptides are more sensitive to calcium chloride than are typical proteins. Markedly different behavior is observed with sodium perchlorate. This salt acts as a helix stabilizer at low activities but becomes a destabilizer at activities higher than 0.3-1.0 mol kg-1. In this respect the effect of sodium perchlorate on nonionic poly(hydroxyalkyl-L-glutamines) resembles that seen with cationic poly(L-lysine) and poly(L-arginine). Helix stabilization at low sodium perchlorate activity is moderate for poly(hydroxybutyl-L-glutamine) and large for poly(hydroxypropyl-L-glutamine) and poly(hydroxyethyl-L-glutamine).
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360191102
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  • 145
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    Influence of uracil photohydrate formation on the conformational properties of heterodinucleoside monophosphatesA preliminary account of some of this work was presented at the 21st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society, New Orleans, Louisiana; Symposium abstracts in Biophys. J. (1977) 17, 223a. (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1983-2002 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structural properties of uracil photohydrates at the monomer and dimer level in aqueous solution have been examined in detail by nmr spectroscopy. Based on such evidence, the absolute configurations of the two possible diastereomers have been assigned, and the conformational perturbations induced by photohydration have been evaluated. In all instances, photohydration shifts the 2E ⇌ 3E puckering equilibrium of the sugar ring of the uridylyl fragment towards 2E (from 12-18%). In addition, for both dimers examined in detail, ho6UpA and Apho6hU, the effect of dimerization on sugar pucker is such that the 3′-terminal unit shows a clear increase in the percentage of 3E (relative to the appropriate 5′-mononucleotide), whereas the percentage 3E of the 5′-terminal unit shows no change. This is contrary to the findings in the normal dinucleoside monophosphates, where an increased preference for 3E pucker occurs in both residues on dimerization and increased base stacking. Significant base-base interactions were observed in both hydrated dimers despite the loss of the planar π-system in the uracil fragment. In addition, the rate of photohydration for a particular dimer pair (e.g., ApU and UpA or GpU and UpG) is shown to be inversely dependent on the amount of base stacking in the parent dimer. This latter parameter has also been correlated with the ratio of the two possible diastereomers formed in the reaction and is associated with a preferential attack at one face of the pyrimidine base ring. The shift of the sugar puckering equilibrium towards 2E has been compared with similar shifts observed when adenosine and guanosine are methylated at N(1) and N(7), respectively. The possible biological significance of the above-mentioned conformational aspects is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360191105
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  • 146
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    Helix-coil transitions in a simple polypeptide model (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 2033-2045 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simplified model of a polypeptide chain is described. Each residue is represented by a single interaction center. The energy of the chain and the force acting on each residue are given as a function of the residue coordinates. Terms to approximate the effect of solvent and the stabilization energy of helix formation are included. The model is used to study equilibrium and dynamical aspects of the helix-coil transition. The equilibrium properties examined include helix-coil equilibrium constants and their dependence on chain position. Dynamical properties are examined by a stochastic simulation of the Brownian motion of the chain in its solvent surroundings. Correlations in the motions of the residues are found to have an important influence on the helix-coil transition rates.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360191108
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  • 147
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    Electric dichroism and birefringence of poly(ribocytidylic acid). I. Optical properties and stability (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 2123-2132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Measurements of the uv absorption and melting profiles of poly(rC) at low-salt conditions confirm the existence of a double-stranded complex at low pH and imply, but do not prove, the structure proposed by Akinrimisi et al. (1963) Biochemistry 2, 340-343. Electric dichroism and birefringence provide additional supporting evidence and indicate that the complex is one in which the bases are tilted considerably from the major molecular axis. The base-stacking tendency of single-stranded poly(rC), unlike poly(rA), is found to be insufficient to maintain a rodlike structure; the persistence length of stacked bases in poly(rC) must be very small. The existence of an out-of-plane transition in poly(rC) in the vicinity of 300 nm is conclusively demonstrated by both dichroism and birefringence measurements.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360191112
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  • 148
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    Study of the influence of NH⃛S hydrogen bonds on the reduction potential in Clostridium pasteurianum 2(4Fe-4S) ferredoxin using deuterium exchange (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 2133-2141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of deuterium substitution of exchangeable hydrogen atoms on the reduction potential of Clostridium pasteurianum 2(4Fe-4S) ferredoxin has been studied. The studies were conducted to determine if NH⃛S hydrogen bonds to the iron-sulfur cluster are dominant in the mechanism of influence of the protein on cluster reduction potential, as has been proposed [Carter, C. W. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 7802-7811]. Deuteration of the slowly exchangeable hydrogen atoms, however, yields essentially no shift in the reduction potential (-0.2 ± 0.8 mV), suggesting that NH⃛S bonds are not important modifiers of cluster reduction potential in this protein.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360191113
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  • 149
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    Kinetics of reactions involving DNA containing stress-induced single-stranded regions (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 2143-2164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The theoretical kinetics are analyzed for reactions between torsionally stressed DNA and another compound which reacts at different rates with portions of the substrate molecule which are in different conformational states. These reactions are assumed to obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics, so no cooperative effects occur. The DNA is regarded as being susceptible to a stress-induced local conformational transition as described recently by Benham. Briefly, alterations in torsional stress consequent on superhelicity effectively change the relative concentrations of the two conformational states of the substrate, thereby influencing the course of the reaction. This theory is developed for transition between the B-form helix and the single-stranded, random-coil states. To illustrate the influence of posited stress-induced melting on kinetics, calculations are made on simple models of two biochemical phenomena. First, the variations in initial nicking rates of single-strand-specific endonucleases with substrate superhelicity are interpreted as arising from changes in the concentration of (stress-induced) single-stranded binding sites. Second, the observed dependence of the transcription rate of RNA polymerase core enzyme on substrate superhelicity is interpreted in terms of a model in which the rate-limiting step in the initiation event is the formation of a complex between the enzyme and a single-stranded region. Related experimental results are shown to be qualitatively consistent with the suggestion that sufficiently supercoiled DNA contains locally melted regions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360191202
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  • 150
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    A theory for polarized fluorescence microscopy of chromosome structures (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 2267-2267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360191209
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  • 151
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    DNA bis-intercalation: Theoretical calculation of binding curves (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 419-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A statistical mechanical calculation of the binding properties of DNA bis-intercalators is presented, based on the sequence-generating function method of Lifson. The effects of binding by intercalation of one or both chromophores of a bifunctional intercalating agent are examined. The secular equation for a general model that includes the effects of neighbor (nearest and non-nearest) exclusion and/or cooperativity in the binding of both singly and doubly intercalated ligands is derived. Numerical results for binding curves are presented for a more restricted model in which each type of bound ligand rigorously excludes its nearest neighbor and the total number of sites covered by a doubly intercalated ligand is variable. At low values of free ligand concentration bis-intercalation dominates the binding process, while at high value of free ligand concentration, intercalation of only one chromophore per ligand becomes significant due to the unavailability of contiguous free sites required for bis-intercalation. Also, depending on the binding parameters, the free energy of the system can be lowered by a loss of doubly intercalated ligands in favor of singly intercalated ones. Corresponding to this transition in binding mode, the average number of sites occupied by a bound ligand decreases from that characteristic of bis-intercalation to that characteristic of mono-intercalation as free ligand concentration increases. An analysis of Scatchard plots describing bis-intercalation is presented.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190215
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  • 152
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    DNA bis-intercalation: Application of theory to the binding of echinomycin to DNA (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 431-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The statistical mechanical model for the binding of bifunctional intercalating ligands to duplex DNA described in the preceding paper is applied to the example of echinomycin-DNA interactions. This is the only system for which binding curves have been obtained under conditions leading to binding by both bis-intercalation and mono-intercalation simultaneously. Binding parameters and Scatchard plots are calculated for a variety of conditions. A detailed comparison of these calculations with the results from the previous analysis of the same binding data in terms of the McGhee-Von Hippel theory, assuming only one mode of binding, is presented. The results of our calculations are consistent with the model of bis-intercalation requiring the two bound chromophores of a bifunctional ligand to be separated by two base pairs. It is not necessary to assume violation of the nearest-neighbor exclusion principle, as occurred in the original analysis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190216
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  • 153
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    Analysis of high-resolution melting (thermal dispersion) of DNA. Methods (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 681-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We describe the capabilities of a method for obtaining high-resolution melting profiles of short, homogeneous DNAs using a thermo-differential absorbance technique. The absorbance difference of two identical DNA solutions, raised linearly in temperature and maintained at a constant temperature difference, is monitored using a double-beam spectrophotometer. A specially constructed temperature controller and cell holder enable the temperature of the DNA samples to be controlled and monitored directly. A heating rate of 6.75°C/hr has been found to give reproducible results at ionic strengths 〉 0.01M. A method of reconstructing the true derivative from experimental data using a Taylor series expansion is described and shown to work well when the difference in temperature between samples is in the range of 0.2°C. Reconstructed derivative profiles are further analyzed by deconvolution into distinct Gaussian components. The melting profile of PM-2 DNA is shown to consist of 14 components, while the much longer lambda DNA yields 55. Related techniques such as data management and analysis for the fractional G·C content of specific domains are also described.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190316
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  • 154
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    Stand der Texaco-Kohlevergasung in der Ruhrchemie/Ruhrkohle-Variante (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 12-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ruhrchemie/Ruhrkohle variant of the Texaco coal gasification process - a status report. In pilot operation since January 1978, the Ruhrkohle/Ruhrchemie variant of the Texaco coal gasification process has produced a total of 20 million mN3 of synthesis gas having an average composition of 46% CO, 34% H2, 19% CO2, 0.3% H2S, 0.6% N2, and 0.1% CH4 from ca. 12 000 tonnes of coal. As the first of the „second generation“ coal gasification processes, the Texaco process has proved itself capable of gasifying pulverized coal of all grades at high temperatures and pressures. The next goal is an increase in capacity from that of the demonstration plant at Oberhausen-Holten (12 000 mN3/h) to ca. 100 000 mN3/h.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520105
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  • 155
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    Lacke und Lösemittel - Eigenschaften, Herstellung, Verarbeitung. Von U. Biethan u. a., Verlag Chemie GmbH, Weinheim - New York 1979. 1. Aufl., XII, 180 S., 19 Abb., 22 Tab., Ln., DM 47, - (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 45-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520109
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  • 156
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    Verbrennung von explosiblem Betriebsabgas und leichtsiedenden organischen VerunreinigungenKurzfassung eines Vortrags auf dem Jahrestreffen 1979 der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 51-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520113
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  • 157
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    Die Abscheidung von Nebeltröpfchen an Glasfritten (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 75-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Tröpfchen-Abscheidung ; Filterkerzen ; Glasfritten ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520122
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  • 158
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    Messung von Blasengrößenverteilungen in Fermentationsmedien mittels einer photoelektrischen SondenmethodeVortrag von P. Weiland auf dem 2. BMFT-Statusseminar „Bioverfahrenstechnik“, 2. bis 4. Mai 1979 in Jülich. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 72-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Blasengrößenverteilung ; Phasengrenzfläche ; Gasgehalt ; Stoffübergang ; Airlift-Fermenter ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520121
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  • 159
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    Vermischung in flüssigkeitspulsierten SiebbodenextraktionskolonnenVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg. Vorläufiger Abschluß des von der AIF geförderten Forschungsvorhabens „Maßstabsvergrößerung von flüssigkeitsgepulsten Siebboden-Extraktionskolonnenß. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 81-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Extraktion ; Verweilzeit-Verteilung ; Vermischung ; pulsierte Siebbodenkolonne ; Fluiddynamik ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520125
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  • 160
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    Design of Industrial Chemical Reactors from Laboratory Data. Von. J. Horák und J. Pašek. Verlag Heyden & Son GmbH, Rheine 1978. 395 S., zahlr. Abb., geb., DM 51, - (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 87-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520129
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  • 161
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    Gas-Liquid-Solid Reactor Design. Von Y. T. Shah. McGraw-Hill Book Company GmbH, Düsseldorf - New York 1979. 1. Aufl., X, 373 S., zahlr. Abb. u. Tab. Ln., DM 92,40 (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 98-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520203
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  • 162
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    Analyse der potentiellen Explosionswirkung von kurzzeitig in die Atmosphäre freigesetzten Brenngasmengen. Teil I: Gesetze der Wolkenausbreitung und -deflagration aus Berstversuchen an Modellbehältern (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 114-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Explosion hazard analysis of inflammable gas released spontaneously into the atmosphere. The processes of flash evaporation, atmospheric vapour cloud formation ignition and explosion after the bursting of vessels containing liquefied gas have been studied by model experiments with propylene heated up to 70°C and pressurized to 60 bar. The experiments have shown that a blast wave with considerable peak pressure in the vicinity of the vessel is produced already by flash expansion of the propylene. The experimentally determined decrease of peak pressure with growing distance could be scaled up to vessels of arbitrary size and different propylene temperatures. Scaling laws could be established as well for the calculation of peak pressure and positive pressure duration of the deflagration wave as functions of released mass and distance. The experiments have not revealed any evidence of a detonation process even when the cloud was ignited by an explosive charge.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520206
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  • 163
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    Some Aspects of the Separation of Reacting Ethylene-Polyethylene Mixtures in the Industrial Production of Low Density PolyethylenePaper presented at Symposium “Advances in Separation Science”, September 1978, Trieste, Italy. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 149-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520210
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  • 164
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    Hydraulisches Verhalten und Stoffübergang in Extraktionskolonnen mit geordneten Füllkörpern (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 170-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Füllkörperkolonne ; Stoffübergang ; Hydraulik ; Extraktion ; Grenzbelastung ; Hold-up ; Tropfendurchmesser ; Phasengrenzfläche ; Stoffübergangskoeffizient ; Rohrkolonne ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520219
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  • 165
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    Auslegungsversuche und Maßstabsübertragung bei DekanternNach einem Vortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 178-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Dekantierzentrifugen ; Versuchsbedingungen ; Scaleup ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520223
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  • 166
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    Wärme- und Stoffübertragung in der WirbelschichtVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 199-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Heat and mass transfer in fluidized beds. Methods of calculation are presented which enable reasonably accurate prediction of heat and mass transfer coefficients in fluidized beds. Some well established equations already given in the literature could be used for estimating the range of existence of the fluidized bed and for calculating maximum fluidization velocities, bed expansion, and particle-to-fluid heat and mass transfer. However, a new model had to be developed for the wall-to-bed heat transfer from solid surfaces immersed in fluidized beds. This model makes use of some basic ideas adopted from the kinetic theory of gases in order to describe the mechanism of energy transfer through the moving particles. Predictions with this new model are in good agreement with most of the experimental observations, particularly regarding the effects of particle diameter, temperature, pressure, physical properties of gas and particles, and gas velocity.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520303
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  • 167
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    Kontakttrocknung von Granulaten im VakuumVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 244-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520308
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  • 168
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    Vermeidung von Leckströmungen in Rohrbündelwärmeaustauschern (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 249-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520311
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  • 169
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    Untersuchungen zur Leistungs-, Suspendier- und Überflutungscharakteristik in gerührten, begasten SuspensionsreaktorenVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 257-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Rühren ; Reaktor ; Dispergieren ; Leistungscharakteristik ; Suspendiercharakteristik ; Überflutungscharakteristik ; gerührte ; begaste Suspensionsreaktoren ; Leistungsbedarf ; Dreiphasen-system ; Dreiphasenreaktor ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520314
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  • 170
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    Fluiddynamik und Stoffübergang in einem Airlift-Schlaufenreaktor mit äußerem UmlaufAuszugsweise vorgetragen auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 264-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Airlift-Schlaufenreaktor ; Gasgehalt ; Stoffübergang ; Längsvermischung ; Mischzeit ; Umlaufgeschwindigkeit ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520318
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  • 171
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    Begasen von Flüssigkeiten durch einen selbstansaugenden RührerVorgetragen von I. G. Rácz auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. September 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 274-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Begasen ; Belüften ; selbstansaugender Rührer ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520322
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  • 172
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    Flockungsreifezeit und mechanische Stabilität geflockter Klärschlämme. Meßmethoden und Bedeutung für die maschinelle SchlammentwässerungVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 282-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Schlammentwässerung ; Schlammcharakterisierung ; Flockungsmittel ; Flockungsreaktion ; Flockungsreaktoren ; Entwässerungsmaschinen ; Siebtrommeln ; Kammerfilterpressen ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520326
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  • 173
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    Einfluß der Umgebungsfeuchte auf die PartikelhaftungVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 27. bis 29. Sept. 1978 in Aachen. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 451-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520525
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  • 174
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    Simultane Entfernung von SO2 und NOx unter den Bedingungen der Rauchgasreinigung von KraftwerkenVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. September 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 456-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Rauchgasentschwefelung ; NOx-Reduktion ; Adsorption ; heterogene Katalyse ; Aktivkoks ; Schwefeldioxid ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520529
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  • 175
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    Zur Ermittlung der Trennkurve - Fehleranalyse und FehlerverbesserungEin diese Arbeit sowie (1) zusammenfassender Vortrag (2) wurde auf dem 2. Europäischen Symposium „Partikelmeßtechnik“, 24. bis 26. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg, gehalten. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 466-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Trennkurve ; Differenzenformel ; Fehleranalyse ; Meßwertausgleich ; Fehlerabschätzung ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520534
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  • 176
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    Inertisierung von Behältern unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Eintrags von Schüttgut (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 472-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Sicherheit ; Explosionsschutz ; Sauerstoff ; Inertgas ; Sp¨lung ; Behälter ; Druckwechsel ; Durchströmung ; Schiittgüt ; Eintrag ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520537
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  • 177
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    Methanisierung kohlenmonoxidreicher Gase beim Energie-Transport (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 504-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Methanization of carbon monoxide-rich gases for energy-transport. The partners of the NFE project (Nukleare Fernenergie, Remote nuclear energy) - Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH (Germany) and Rheinische Braunkohlenwerke AG, Köln (Germany) - in collaboration with Haldor Topsøe A/S, Copenhagen (Denmark), have investigated various problems of the methanization of synthesis gases rich in carbon monoxide. Preliminary results obtained from trial operations with the pilot-scale methanization plant ADAM I at KFR Jülich and from the catalyst-development project at Haldor Topsøe A/S are reported. A detailed account is given of the catalyst investigations carried out on the Haldor Topsøe pilot plant for the further development of the TREMP process for SNG manufacture and of the complementary catalyst investigation in the NFE project at the Union Rheinische Braunkohlen Kraftstoff AG and the Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH for the optimization of the methanization process in the remote energy system EVA-ADAM. In the pilot plant ADAM I, a three-stage methanization process with product gas recycling and maximum temperature of 600 °C utilizing synthesis gas from methane vapour reforming (EVA) has been demonstrated for the first time. In further experiments to be carried out with ADAM I the influence of operating irregularities on the behaviour of the methanization plant and the dynamics of the remote energy system will be investigated, data for the preparation of mathematical models collected, new components tested, and the process of methanization optimized.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520605
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  • 178
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    Statische Mischer mit großer AnpassungsfähigkeitVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 520-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520608
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  • 179
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    Einfluß der Rührleistung auf die Korngröße in gekühlten Leitrohr-KristallisatorenVortrag von W. F. Beer auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 533-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chargenkristallisation ; Kühlungskristallisation ; Leitrohr-Rührwerkskristallisator ; Korngrößenverteilung ; mittlerer Korndurchmesser ; Kornform ; sekundäre Keimbildung ; Maßstabsvergrößerung ; Kaliumchlorid ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520612
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  • 180
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    Die Entfeuchtung feindisperser Feststoffe in VollmantelschneckenzentrifugenVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. September 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 542-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Vollmantelschneckenzentrifuge ; Entfeuchtung ; Restfeuchte ; Dimensionierung ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520617
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  • 181
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    Masthead (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520701
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  • 182
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    Fraktionierte KristallisationVortrag auf der GVC-Vortragsveranstaltung „Kristallisation - Grundlagen und Fortschritte“ am 3./4. Dez. 1979 in Düsseldorf. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 562-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fractional crystallization. The operations of fractional crystallization, comprising at least a single crystallizing and remelting (redissolution) step, differ from each other in the number of the realized theoretical stages and the method of separating the crystallisate and residual melt or mother liquor. Fractional crystallization from solutions resemble liquid-liquid extraction, but fractional crystallization from melts is similar to rectification. There is a choice between operations with a series of temperature-controlled vessels and counter-current operations. Many fractional crystallizers are purifiers for high qualities; crystals generally exist only within them apparatus.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520704
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  • 183
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    Grundlagenuntersuchungen und verfahrens-technische Vorschläge zum Einsatz von geschmolzenen Metallcarbonaten zur Abgas-EntschwefelungAuszug aus der von der RWTH Aachen genehmigten Dr.-Ing.-Dissertation von W. Dickhaus, Aachen 1979. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 588-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520709
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  • 184
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    Herstellung von Methyl-tert.-butylether aus der C4-Fraktion der Benzin-Pyrolyse (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 594-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520712
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  • 185
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    Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data Collection, Vol. 1, Part 3 +4 (Aldehydes and Ketones, Ethers). Von J. Gmehling, U. Onken und W. Arlt, herausgeg. im Auftrag der DECHEMA von D. Behrens und R. Eckermann. DECHEMA, Frankfurt/M. 1979.1. Aufl., XXVII, 624 S., Ln., DM 168,- (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 685-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520827
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  • 186
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    The Effect of Electrode Roughness and the Ratio of Anode to Cathode Area on the Performance of an Undivided Hypochlorite Cell (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 762-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Brine electrolysis ; undivided electrochemical reactors ; anode-cathode ratios ; hypochlorite ; roughness ; electrodes ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520920
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  • 187
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    Zuverlassigkeit von Chemieanlagen. Herausgeg. von G. Gruhn und V. V. Kafarow. VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig/DDR1979.1.Aufl., 256S., 116Abb., 45Tab., Ln., DM42,- (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 776-776 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520925
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  • 188
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    Hydrierende Vergasung von Kohle (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 794-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330521004
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  • 189
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    Lehrbuch der technischen Chemie. Von einem Autorenkollektiv der Technischen Hochschule Carl Schorlemmer, Leuna-Merseburg. VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstofindustrie, DDR-Leipzig 1979. 2. erweit. Aufl., 432 S., 215 Abb., 69 Übersichten, 66 Tab., geb., DM 48. - (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 808-808 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330521006
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  • 190
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    Selektive Umwandlung von Methanol in C2 - bis C5-Olefine an Zeolith-Katalysatoren (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 816-818 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330521010
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  • 191
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    Systematische Planung von Anlagen der Verfahrenstechnik. Von O. Reichert. Carl Hanser Verlag, München - Wien 1979. 1. Aufl., XVI, 458 S., 197 Abb., 54 Tab., geb., DM 68, -. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 830-830 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330521015
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  • 192
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    Ein physikalisches Modell der axialen Flüssigphase-Durchmischung für Blasensäulen im heterogenen Strömungszustand (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 838-839 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Blasensäule ; Dispersionsmodell ; Flüssigphase-Durchmischung ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330521018
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  • 193
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    Verbesserte Kostenschätzungen durch Anwendung von Mengen- und Mannstunden-VerhältniszahlenVortrag auf der “International Conference of the American Association of Cost Engineers” in Boston/Mass. 1976. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 880-888 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Improved cost factor estimation with quantity and man-hour ratios. Present-day cost estimation on a multi-currency basis is becoming more and more complex due to the wild and frequent fluctuations of exchange rates and different inflationary trends in various countries. The preparation of comparatively accurate preliminary cost estimates, based on world-wide procurement, overseas construction and engineering, became a major problem for companies like badger with international activities. To maintain an acceptable degree of accuracy, the traditional method of cost factor estimation has to be supplemented with a quantity and man-hour ratio method. Basically, costs are related to quantities; therefore cost ratios can be converted into quantity ratios. Man-hour ratios originate from the existing relationship between quantities, material costs, and field man-hours to install these quantities. In this article the value of the Quantity Ratio Method as a tool in these unstable times will be stressed, as well as the added advantages it offers with regard to better cost control and communication.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330521105
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  • 194
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    Tritium-Anreicherung durch Isotopen-Austausch zwischen Wasserstoff und Wasser mittels hydrophoben Katalysators für die Kernbrennstoff-Wiederaufbereitung (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 892-895 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330521107
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  • 195
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    Pharmakologisch-aktive polymere, 2120. Mitteilung: T. Hirano, W. Klesse, H. Ringsdorf, Makromol. Chem. 180, 1125 (1979).. Orientierende Untersuchungen zur körperverteilung und Ausscheidung von poly[2-(methylsulfinyl)ethylacrylat]en bei der Ratte (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 351-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Poly[2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl acrylate] (1) was synthesized as well as derivatives 14C-labelled in side groups (6) or 14C-labelled in the main chain (11). Polymer 11 with the 14C-labelled main chain was fractionated by precipitation. The η-M-relation determined by measurements of unlabelled polymers in the ultracentrifuge for comparison was used to establish the viscosimetrically determined molecular weights of the labelled fractions. After intravenous application of aqueous solutions of the polymer in rats the excretion rate up to 72 h after treatment was ascertained to ca. 50%; the concentration in the blood serum was found to be strikingly high. A tendency to reinforced storage in organs of high phagocytose activity by growing molecular weight was observed. The tumor affinity was  -  if at all  -  low.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021810206
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  • 196
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    The effect of stereochemical structure on the viscoelastic behaviour of poly(ethyl methacrylate) (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 277-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The low-frequency viscoelastic behaviour of three stereoregular samples of poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) in the main transition region was investigated. The main effect of tacticity in the transition from the syndiotactic sample to the isotactic one consists in a shift of the main transition region (or of the glass transition temperatures, Tg) to lower temperatures by ≈ 70 K. The temperature dependence of the shift factor of all samples could not be adequately described by the single Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) equation within the whole range of temperatures; in the range T〉Tg+60K, isotactic PEMA exhibited the largest departures from the WLF equation. In all cases, departures from the WLF equation could be quantitatively described in terms of the temperature dependence of the Andreade coefficient β. The temperature dependence of the Andreade compliance, JA, was also most pronounced for the isotactic sample. Vertical correction of the complex modulus G*, with WLF horizontal shifts preserved, led to the lowest activation energy ΔH for the isotactic sample, which means the highest magnitude of secondary relaxation mechanism in this sample. The birefringence measurement showed that the molecular nature of the deformational birefringence is independent of the tacticity of the sample and does not vary in the range Tg+25K〈T〈Tg+100K. In all the characteristics mentioned here, parameters of a conventional sample obtained by radical polymerization approached those of the syndiotactic sample.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021810125
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  • 197
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    Struktur und Eigenschaften segmentierter polyetherester, 32. Mitt. cf.5. Synthese definierter Oligomerer des polybutylenterephthalatsHerrn Prof. Dr. Batzer zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 301-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The synthesis of some series of oligo(oxytetramethylene oxyterephthaloyl) [oligo(butylene terephthalate)s] with different but well-defined end groups is described. The separation of artificial mixtures of the oligomers by high pressure liquid chromatography was studied under various elution and column conditions, and thus, the purity of the individual oligomers was demonstrated. The equilibrium melting point Tm0 = 236 ± 4°C and the corresponding heat of melting ΔHm0 = 28,7 kJ·mol-1 of poly(butylene terephthalate) was determined from the analysis of the melting behaviour of the oligomers as depending on the degree of polymerization and the structure of the end groups.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021810202
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  • 198
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    Condensation polymerization of 2,2′-diiodobiphenyl-4,4′-dicarbonyl dichloride with some mono- and diamino compounds (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 333-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Several potentially thermostable polyamides were prepared. 2,2′-Diiodobiphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid and its diacid chloride 1 were synthesized. The latter was condensed with several amines, e.g., aniline, p-toluidine, p-chloroaniline, and 2-aminopyridine, to prepare model compounds of polyamides testing the reactivity of the diacid dichloride 1 towards various amines, and to compare their spectra with those of the polymers. The polyamides themselves were prepared by solution and melt condensation of diacid chloride 1 with the following diamines: p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, 2,6-diaminotoluene, benzidine, bis(4-aminophenyl)-methane, 4,4′-diaminobiphenyl sulfone, and 3,3′-diaminobenzophenone. The solubility of the polyamides in different solvents and their inherent viscosities were also measured. The values of the inherent viscosity were in the range of 0,1-1,9. The UV, IR, and 1H NMR spectra of the prepared polyamides were recorded. The melting points of the polymers were found to be higher than 360°C and the thermogravimetric curves showed that the polymers are stable up to 400°C in air.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021810204
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  • 199
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    The high pressure polymerization of pure ethylene (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 373-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A series of pure ethylene polymerizations performed to maximum pressures of 2,5 kbar and temperatures up to 250°C is discussed. The rate data which are obtained via quantitative infrared and near infrared spectroscopy closely fit to an overall polymerization rate law of the order 2,5 ± 0,2 in the ethylene concentration. The overall activation energy is determined to be 136,3 ± 6 kJ/mol. For the initiation reaction an activation energy of 209,8 ± 12 kJ/mol is derived. This fairly large value establishes that in dense high purity ethylene a thermally initiated (spontaneous) reaction to high molecular weight material occurs.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021810208
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  • 200
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    Polymer conformation and NMR chemical shifts, 1. 1H NMR spectrum of alternating methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 383-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: NMR chemical shifts of the methoxyl and α-methyl protons in the alternating methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer are calculated by taking into account the contributions of the diamagnetic shielding and the magnetic anisotropy effect of the benzene rings in styrene units. The conformational probabilities of the copolymer chain are calculated according to Flory's matrix method. It is deduced from the calculation that NMR should occur at higher field for the methoxyl and at lower field for the α-methyl protons of the methyl methacrylate unit in meso configuration with an adjacent styrene unit (regarding the methoxycarbonyl and phenyl groups) than for the corresponding protons in the unit of racemic configuration. Further, the differences between the chemical shifts for these protons in meso and racemic dyads are nearly equivalent to the differences in chemical shifts between two adjacent peaks of the observed triplet spectra. This result indicates that the spectral assignment based on a theoretical calculation is quite consistent with the one made by a conventional simulation method: from the lower magnetic field, peaks of cosyndiotactic, coheterotactic, and coisotactic triads appear in this order for the methoxyl protons and in the opposite order for the α-methyl protons. Magnetic anisotropy effect contributes to these tacticity-dependent chemical shifts to a far greater extent than diamagnetic shielding. The variation of the chemical shifts due to measuring temperature, probability of isotactic addition, and interactions between groups more than five bonds apart is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021810209
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