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  • 1990-1994  (1,232)
  • 1980-1984  (701)
  • 1990  (1,232)
  • 1981  (701)
  • Chemical Engineering  (1,134)
  • Engineering  (799)
  • Nuclear reactions
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  • 1990-1994  (1,232)
  • 1980-1984  (701)
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A computer program for waveguide analysis using high-order, vector, finite elements (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A computer program has been written for the analysis and design of arbitrarily shaped waveguides, containing dielectric and magnetic materials. The program calculates the propagating modes of the waveguide by the three-component vector finite element method. High accuracy is achieved by the use of high-order elements, and by the inclusion of singular trial functions near sharp metal edges. An efficient algorithm based on the conjugate gradient method is used to solve the algebraic eigenvalue problem. Results are given for rib waveguide and fin-line.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030105
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling of the generation of Ga interstitials during the diffusion of Zn into GaAs (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The diffusion of Zn into a GaAs crystal is modelled using numerical techniques similar to those of Zahari and Tuck.1 This technique does not directly solve any differential equations, the physical processes are directly modelled. The diffusion of Zn is assumed to be by the kick-out mechanism. In this mechanism the Zn atoms diffuse into the crystal interstitially with a constant diffusion coefficient. The interstitial Zn atoms transfer to the substitutional lattice site by kicking out a Ga atom. The incorporation of the Zn atoms on to the lattice sites is assumed to take place at a rate much greater than the diffusion of the interstitial Zn. The diffusion of the generated Ga interstitial is also contained in the model. The effect on the Zn concentration profile and Ga interstitial concentration of varying both the Ga interstitial diffusivity and equilibrium concentration has been examined. Finally, the implications of these results on Zn induced disordering of GaAs/AlAs superlattices is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030205
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The modelling of networks with frequently changing topology whilst maintaining a constant system matrix (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 11-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a novel technique with which a system with changing topology can be modelled whilst maintaining a constant system matrix. This technique employs a new transmission-line switch model which has a constant characteristic impedance, irrespective of its state. The method is explained, compared with the switched-resistance method and demonstrated by two examples. It has been found that the proposed method offers substantial advantages in the formulation of the problems and in the efficiency of computation.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030103
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional relaxations and spectral techniques in Computer-Aided circuit analysis (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 183-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Analysis of transients in integrated circuits is performed with the use of highly specialized computer programs. The transient responses are computed using time-marching integration methods and require a substantial amount of computer time. A new method based on spectral analysis and waveform relaxation is proposed. The method results in a substantial saving in computing time without compromising the accuracy. A basic algorithm utilizing the spectral technique in a relaxation framework is described. A prototype simulator based on the algorithm was developed and used to simulate certain types of CMOS circuits. The results showed a significant time savings in comparison with the widely used circuit simulator ‘SPICE’. Example circuits and relevant results are provided.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030303
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substructuring of space and time in TLM diffusion applications (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 207-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A simple method is described for spatial substructuring of meshes used in TLM diffusion routines in such a way as to enable discontinuous mesh lines to be used. A method of operating TLM diffusion routines using different timesteps in different spatial regions is also described. For both aspects, results are compared with those derived using standard TLM techniques.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030305
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling of electrically thick cylindrical antennas (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 195-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Hallen's integral equation has been used as the basis for the formulation of cylindrical antenna theories for many years. Being a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind, its solution is mathematically an ill-posed problem. The stability of the numerical methods based on this integral equation is dependent on the singularity and the non-smoothness of the kernel function. For electrically thick cylindrical antennas, the dominance of the singular part of the kernel (logarithmic) is weakened and the kernel function becomes relatively smooth. This observation implies possible deteriorations of the stability of the numerical methods based on Hallen's integral equation. This paper describes the development of an alternative formulation for the electrically thick cylindrical antennas based on the singular integral equation of the first kind with a Cauchy-type kernel which eliminates the potential instability problem. A numerical method based on this formulation of the antenna problem has been implemented and case studies show that it is very stable and efficient for the numerical modelling of electrically thick cylindrical antennas.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030304
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical solution of inhomogeneous and non-linear ordinary differential equations using the TLM multicompartment model (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 215-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper presents a simple algorithm for solving a system of inhomogeneous high order differential equations with variable coefficients. The method also provides a numerical solution to non-linear ordinary differential equations. The technique is based on reducing the high order equations into a system of first order rate equations. Through a simple translation process, the variables in the reduced set of equations are solved simultaneously by an iterative scheme using the TLM multicompartment model. The numerical technique is demonstrated by solving well-known second order differential equations. The numerical solutions are compared with the analytical solutions to the differential equations.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030306
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Call for Papers (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030307
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030401
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. ii 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030402
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Full-wave analysis of multiport microstrip discontinuities using a superposition principle and mode-matching technique (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 259-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Accurate full-wave analysis of shielded microstrip discontinuities, based on a mode-matching technique and employing Kühn's method is presented. Finite thickness of the strip metallization is taken into account. Examples include bends, T-junctions, and crossings.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030406
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of microstrip antennas using the TLM simulation associated with a Prony-Pisarenko method (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 269-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The transmission-line matrix (TLM) method enables simulation of interior electromagnetic field propagation problems. With the use of absorbent walls, we can simulate exterior problems such as the radiaition of a microstrip antenna. The input impedance is deduced from the standing wave observed in the feedline. The radiation pattern is determined from the field over a plane located in the immediate vicinity of the antenna, using the theory of radiating apertures. However, the CPU time and memory space involved are excessive. Since the radiating structure has several resonant frequencies, it is convenient to apply classical digital signal processing techniques such as finite impulse response filtering associated with a linear prediction method. The present paper focuses on a Prony-Pisarenko method to improve on the TLM method in terms of both computation time and precision of the frequency-domain analysis of the results. In this case, overall CPU time is reduced by a factor of 2 to 3. The paper discusses the results obtained for radiation patterns. This represents a new field of application for the TLM method whose drawbacks are reduced by using appropriate signal processing methods.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030407
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Call for Papers (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 75-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030109
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 77-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030202
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Call for Paper (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 78-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030203
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automatic timestepping in TLM routines for the modelling of thermal diffusion processes (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 127-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030208
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple multipole (MMP) computations of guided waves and waveguide discontinuities (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 247-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The MMP (multiple multipole) code, that is based on the generalized multipole technique (GMT), offers several features to overcome problems occurring in computations of guided waves and waveguide discontinuities. The most important problems and the corresponding MMP solutions are outlined. The procedure is illustrated with different examples which demonstrate the wide range of applications of the code.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030405
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new time-domain transverse resonance method in solving guided wave problems (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new time-domain approach based on the frequency-domain transverse resonance method is proposed to solve guided wave problems. This new method is capable of solving both the two-dimensional and the three-dimensional propagation problems. The structure under investigation is cut into individual substructures. Time-domain Green's functions of each substructure are computed via the analytical inverse Laplace transform of the frequency-domain Green's functions. The original problem is reconstructed by connecting the cut-out substructures together through the interface boundary conditions. In order to verify the present approach, the empty rectangular waveguide is used as a comparison. With accurately calculated time-domain Green's functions, the data obtained are in good agreement with the analytical results.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030403
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of passive microwave devices by using three-dimensional tangential vector finite elements (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 235-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: There are two major difficulties in applying the finite element method to the analysis of microwave devices in three dimensions. One is to obtain a stable vector finite element which does not generate spurious modes, or non-physical solutions, in the numerical analysis. The other is to model efficiently the coupling of port regions and the discontinuity region. In this paper, we describe the application of two new finite element techniques, the tangential vector finite element method and the transfinite element method, for modelling three-dimensional microwave devices. The tangential vector finite element method, unlike the conventional nodal finite element methods, imposes only the tangential continuity of the vector unknown across elements' boundaries. As a result, there would be no spurious modes, and reliable solutions are obtained. The transfinite element method, which combines the modal basis functions and the finite element basis functions through the variational technique, provides an efficient way to model the open boundary nature of the device. To validate the current analysis, a low VSWR waveguide connector and two microstrip low-pass filters are analysed. Numerical results agree very well with the measurements or those obtained by other methods.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030404
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model for atomic mixing (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 157-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper is concerned with the theoretical determination of the amount of atomic mixing which accompanies the erosion of a solid surface exposed to an energetic ion beam. The work is relevant to sputter depth profiling where such mixing complicates the deduction of the initial depth distributions from the measured ion yields.A mathematical model, which considers the effects of incident ion accumulation, ballistic relocation and diffusion is described. The governing integro-differential equations are solved numerically.Results for a GaAs-AlGaAs multi-layer structure bombarded with O2+ ions are compared with results obtained experimentally.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030210
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A hybrid moment-ray-mode method for wave scattering from an aperture coupled system (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 171-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Wave scattering from an aperture coupled system is studied using a new method which combines the hybrid ray-mode method and method of moments. The latter is used to formulate the coupling process and the former to provide the Green's function of a parallel plate waveguide. Following standard procedures of the method of moments, we first formulate a system equation for field distributions across the aperture. By expressing these unknown distributions in terms of appropriate basis functions and choosing appropriate weighting functions, the system equation is then reduced to a matrix equation which is solved numerically. In the system of equations, one needs to compute the Green's function of the waveguide for various arrangements of locations of source and receiver. The hybrid ray-mode formulation is best suited for this purpose because it combines rays and modes self-consistently to optimize the advantages of each. The efficiency of the ray-mode Green's function makes use of the moment method practical in waveguides, and the flexibility of the moment method permits application of the Green's function considered to arbitrarily shaped and placed apertures. Numerical implementation illustrates these aspects.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030302
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined fine-coarse mesh transmission-line modelling method for diffusion problems (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 111-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper presents a combined fine-coarse mesh TLM method. This technique reduces the memory storage and the computational time when modelling complex structures. In the combined fine-coarse mesh model, the region of interest is covered with a set of transmission-line fine meshes. The remaining part is covered with regular (or irregular) coarse meshes. The fine-mesh nodes are connected through busbars to the adjacent coarse-mesh nodes. The combined fine-coarse mesh TLM technique is applied to some diffusion problems. Significant savings in computational time and memory storage are obtained without loss of accuracy.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030207
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030301
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The modelling of surface evolution during growth and erosionInvited Review. (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 137-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: When the erosion or growth of a surface that occurs in semiconductor device processing can be considered as everywhere continuous in space and time, the equations of motion of the surface may be specified and determined numerically using a kinetic model of surface evolution. In this review the fundamental concepts of the kinematic model of surface evolution are discussed. Detailed consideration of the theory of characteristics reveals its limitations which are overcome by recent theoretical development based on the Huygens principle of wavefront reconstruction. Correct interpretation of the nature of the basic wavelet, coupled with contemporary ideas of surface and edge propagation, form the essence of a new numerical algorithm. Numerical analysis and consequent numerical procedures derived from the generalized kinematic model are presented. Examples of surface evolution, with particular reference to ion beam induced erosion are given to show the advantages and potential of the method as opposed to existing models and theoretical prediction.When evolution processes are discontinuous and localized, other approaches, particularly those that use numerical modelling, are required. Such approaches are also reviewed here.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030209
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Noise analysis of linear microwave circuits (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 287-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The fundamentals of computer-aided noise analysis of linear noisy microwave circuits are presented. The method is based on the description of noisy networks by correlation matrices, and allows the noise analysis of linear circuits of general topology exhibiting arbitrary correlations between the noise sources. The description of linear noisy networks by correlation matrices in different representations, the interconnection of noisy networks and the nodal analysis of noisy networks are treated. The correlation matrices of circuits or subcircuits exhibiting thermal noise may be calculated directly from its admittance matrix. The application of the method for the noise analysis of linear microwave amplifiers is discussed.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030408
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030101
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concurrent processing: The key to rapid probabilistic potential methods (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper shows how probabilistic potential methods based on the Monte Carlo approach can be efficiently mapped onto an array of concurrent processors and how the resulting algorithm can provide rapid solutions of harmonic function problems. The method described here exploits the natural concurrency of the Monte Carlo approach. Computation is achieved by use of a low-cost array of transputers linked to a PC-AT. The resulting methodology is powerful and the ideas suggested should have application to many other modelling techniques used for field modelling.A microstrip geometry is used as the discussion vehicle throughout this paper. This geometry was selected since it exhibits a number of the important topological features required in a general problem, e.g. Dirichlet boundary conditions and mixed dielectric. The design of the parallel algorithm used is discussed in detail, and typical results are given.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030102
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    Electronic Resource
    Planar analysis of radial-line power dividers (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 23-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The resonant mode field expansion technique presented in previous papers to analyse one- or two-port microstrip structures of different geometrical shapes is now applied to multiport radial lines. In particular, a radial-line n-way power divider is considered. This device allows, under certain hypotheses, an equiphase and equiamplitude splitting of an input signal. The Z matrix formulation has been derived and utilized to obtain the scattering parameters for the circuit. The numerical results are in good agreement with both experimental and theoretical data presented in the literature. The low number of resonant modes required to obtain satisfactory numerical convergence allows a substantial reduction of the computing time with respect to other more complicated approaches.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030104
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  • 29
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    Electronic Resource
    Numerical aspects of the boundary residual method (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 57-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The boundary residual method is a powerful technique for solving EM boundary-value problems. This technique produces matrices difficult to solve using many of the standard numerical techniques. This paper discusses lesser-known numerical aspects of this method, and it shows efficient and well-conditioned methods to solve both the homogeneous and non-homogeneous boundary residual problem.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030107
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  • 30
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    Analysis of acoustic radiation patterns of array transducers using the TLM method (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 39-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper describes the application of the TLM numerical method for the analysis of acoustic wave propagation. It presents a general scattering algorithm for modelling homogeneous and inhomogeneous mediums where both the density and compressibility of the propagation space are varied. The method is used to obtain the acoustic radiation patterns of discrete transducer arrays. The effect of the spacing and the number of transducer elements on the radiation pattern are demonstrated by numerical results obtained using a two-dimensional TLM mesh. The results also show the effect of array shading on the radiation pattern. Beam steering by delayed excitation of the transducer elements is also demonstrated here. In addition the paper presents two simple techniques for detecting the direction of wave propagation in the TLM mesh.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030106
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    Numerical techniques for microwave and millimeter-wave passive structures. Editor T. Itoh, John Wiley and Sons, 1989, 707 pages. Price £58.50. ISBN: 0-471-62563-9 (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 73-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030108
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  • 32
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030201
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  • 33
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    Electronic Resource
    Non-linear diffusion in process modelling (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 79-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The non-linear diffusion mechanism arising in process modelling is analysed via a model problem. Using a scaling of the dopant concentration and an adaptive finite element method, high resolution is obtained in a particularly economical way.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030204
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  • 34
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    Estimation of parameters in numerical modelling of non-linear diffusion in semiconductors (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 99-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A procedure is described for estimating various parameters governing the diffusion of impurities in semiconductors; these parameters are required for a number of explicit numerical models of non-linear diffusion in III-V crystals. The method is based on an analytical solution of the continuum equivalent of a discrete numerical model due to Zahari and Tuck and provides a systematic procedure for analysing experimental data to yield predictions for the coefficient of diffusion of the impurity, the coefficient of self-diffusion of the host material, the bulk equilibrium vacancy concentration and, under conditions of “dissociation” pressure, the surface vacancy concentration. Application of the procedure to two sets of independent experimental data provided reasonably consistent values of the parameters.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660030206
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  • 35
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    Mechanical behavior related to the phase morphology of PC/SAN polymer blendsA part of this work has been presented at the seventh international conference “deformation, yield, and fracture of polymers”(1988) (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1474-1483 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The phase morphology of intensively melt mixed and injection moulded bisphenol-A polycarbonate (PC)/styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) blends changes on annealing above the glass-transition temperature (Tg) of both components. For the selected PC and SAN resins, the phase morphology of the 60/40 PC/SAN blend changes from a fine dispersion of the PC phase in a SAN matrix to a coarse co-continuous phase network, whereas a co-continuous 70/30 PC/SAN blend changes to a dispersion of SAN domains in a PC matrix. The effect of the blend morphology on dynamic mechanical properties and ambient tensile stress-strain properties have been studied thoroughly. An increase of the storage modulus between Tg(SAN) and Tg(PC) is observed with increasing coarsening of the phase structure until a continuous PC matrix is formed. The coarsening of the phase structure of the blends gives rise to a transition from ductile to brittle fracture. The loss in ductility is related to a decrease in relative amount of interface and a transition in the type of dispersion.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760302208
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    A direct injection gas-liquid chromatographic method to monitor polymer melt devolatilization: Methyl methacrylate in poly(methyl methacrylate) (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1500-1503 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new capillary gas chromatography method to monitor a residual monomer in a polymer is described. A short (5 m) crosslinked methyl silicone fused silica capillary column with flame ionization detection gave good separation efficiency and parts-per-million detection limits. Capillary gas-liquid chromatography was superior to packed column analysis (SP 1000) in terms of both analytical utility and ease of use. This technique may prove useful for monitoring other monomer/polymer systems.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760302303
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  • 37
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    Iterative boundary pressure reflection method for the simulation of injection mold filling (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1513-1522 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An Iterative Boundary Pressure Reflection (IBPR) method has been developed to improve the accuracy of the flow front generation and transient mold filling simulation in injection molding. The method iteratively calculates the virtual pressure reflection, either positive or negative, at the impinging melt front nodes which are to be relocated subsequently according to the new pressure field. The scheme is formulated into a finite element program using a power-law model and applied to the filling of polystyrene melts injected into an edge-gated circular cavity and a variable-gap-thickness cavity with an insert. The calculated results show very good agreement with the experimental results of the previous study by others in the position of the advancing melt fronts at each time step, weldline location, and pressure distributions.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760302305
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  • 38
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    Mold pressurization as a method to reduce warpage in rotational molding of polyethylene (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1523-1528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Warpage and global shrinkage of rotationally molded polyethylene parts can be a serious problem with resins of higher densities with rapid quenches and high mold wall thicknesses. It is shown that relatively low pressurization of molds substantially reduces the warpage of molded polyethylene parts. Samples cut out of parts produced in pressurized molds have the same density distributions, Izod Impact, and uniaxial stress-strain characteristics as parts fabricated in unpressurized molds.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760302306
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  • 39
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    An experimental study on plasticating single-screw extrusion (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1557-1567 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An experimental study was conducted with a plasticating single-screw extruder, which had the following screw dimensions: (a) the diameter (D) of 6.35 cm; (b) the total extruder length of 24 D; (c) the length of the feed section of 3 D; (d) the length of the tapered section of 4 D; and (e) the length of the metering section of 17 D. The extruder had nine pressure transducers which were mounted, almost equally spaced along the extruder axis, on the wall of the extruder barrel, so that we could measure axial pressure profiles during extrusion. Also measured in our study were the solid-bed width profiles in the screw channel by conducting tracer experiments (i.e., screw ‘pushout’ experiments). For the study, a high-pressure low-density polyethylene and a high-density polyethylene were used. Experimental results were analyzed using the reported Lee-Han melting model. Theoretical predictions of axial pressure profiles were found to be in good agreement with results. Of particular note are the theoretical predictions that for the particular screw configurations used, which has short feed and tapered sections, and extrusion conditions employed, there was considerable solid-bed acceleration in the tapered section of the screw.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760302402
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  • 40
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    Multiple filter methods for detection of hazardous states in an industrial plant (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1697-1706 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Model-based detection systems are presented and classified according to their complexity. The main emphasis is put on multiple Kalman filters. A two-stage approach including Bayes formula and inhomogeneous Markovian processes is suggested to achieve a fault discrimination. Methods are presented to use the information of nondisjunctive models in this context. To show the proper working of the detection algorithms simulation studies and on-line laboratory experiments with runaway reactions are considered first. A report on an implementation at a large-scale industrial process unit concludes the discussion.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361110
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  • 41
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    Fluidized bed drying of solids (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 29-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A kinetic model is developed for the drying of solids in fluidized beds, assuming a falling rate period following a constant rate period. Experimental data obtained using batch and continuous single and spiral fluidized beds are satisfactorily matched with the assumed drying kinetics and the residence time distribution of solids appropriate for the type of dryer.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360106
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  • 42
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    The backfill cycle of the pressure swing adsorption process (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 53-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The backfill cycle in the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) separation of air to produce an enriched oxygen product using a zeolite 5A molecular sieve was studied theoretically and experimentally. The effects of the backfill cycle, cycle configuration, backfill rate, pressurisation rate, and product rate were studied. The theory agreed well with the experimental results in predicting the product oxygen concentration over a wide range of backfill pressures, thus giving a basic understanding of the bed dynamics of the backfill cycle. The theory showed that the backfill rate and adsorption capacity of the adsorbent were the most important parameters governing the efficiency of the PSA process. We showed that, given an adequate backfill pressure, a separate pressurization step could be omitted by incorporating it with the product release step with no detrimental effect on the product oxygen concentrations while increasing adsorbent productivity.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360108
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  • 43
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    Bubble-size distribution in Fischer-Tropsch-derived waxes in a bubble column (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 93-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bubble sizes were measured for molten wax-nitrogen systems using photography and dynamic gas disengagement. The effects of operating conditions, system geometry and wax type were studied in 0.05- and 0.23-m-diameter by 3-m-tall bubble columns. Both techniques were used with FT-300 wax, while only the dynamic gas disengagement technique could be used with reactor waxes due to their dark color. For FT-300 wax, Sauter mean diameters obtained from photographs taken near the column wall were significantly lower than those obtained from photographs taken near the center. The ds values obtained from dynamic gas disengagement and photographic (near the column center) methods, for this noncoalescing medium, were in the range 0.5-1.6 mm in the large-diameter column. For reactor waxes, ds values were significantly higher (1-2 mm for Sasol and 1-5.5 mm for Mobil's reactor wax) and are in agreement with results reported in earlier studies with similar waxes (ds = 2-4 mm), where different experimental techniques (light transmission or hot wire anemometry) were employed.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360112
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  • 44
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    An approach to organizing the EOS model in process simulators (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 132-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360116
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    Ullman's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. vols. B2, B3: Unit operations I, II edited by Barbara Elvers, Michael Ravenscroft, James Rounsaville, Gail Schulz; Wolfgang Gerhartz, Executive Editor, VCH Publishers, New York, 1988, approx. 850 pp. / vol., $190.00 vol (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 157-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360121
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  • 46
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    Advances in turbulence. W. K. George and R. Arndt, ed., Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1989, 234 pp., $60 (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 159-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360125
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  • 47
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    A mathematical model of pulse plating on a rotating disk electrode (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 187-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A galvanostatic pulse plating model is presented for the electrodeposition of an alloy on a rotating disk electrode. This model is used to simulate the electrodeposition of nickel/chrome alloys. The mass transport equations used in the model include the effects of diffusion, migration and convection; and the electrode kinetics are described by the Butler-Volmer equation. It is predicted that the effect of ionic migration is significant and therefore should be included in models of pulse plating.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360204
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  • 48
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    Ultrapurification of SiCl4 by photochlorination in a bubble column reactor (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 216-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The development and performance of a bubble column photoreactor for ultrapurification of SiCl4 is described. Trichlorosilane (SiHCl3), the principle contaminant in SiCl4 commercially available for use in optical fiber manufacture, is converted to SiCl4 and HCl by UV-initiated photochlorination. Studies of the homogeneous photochlorination kinetics and of Cl2 gas absorption in a bubble column were undertaken. In addition, an extensive set of data was collected from continuous-flow bubble column reactor (BCR) runs. The rate of photochlorination in the BCR was found to be mass-transfer-limited. A simple model of BCR performance, incorporating the effect of Cl2 mass transfer rate enhancement by chemical reaction, was tested that agrees well with the experimental data. The BCR was found to be operable over a wide range of SiHCl3 concentrations and SiCl4 feed rates, and capable of lowering the concentration of SiHCl3 in product to below measurable levels (〈1 ppm).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360207
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  • 49
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    A dynamic model for the interaction of caustic reagents with acidic oils (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 233-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper describes the mechanisms and a quantative analysis of the interaction between a multicomponent acid mixture with a spectrum of caustic solutions. A physico-chemical model of the acidic oil/caustic system has been proposed which demonstrates the effect on dynamic interfacial tension (IFT) of variations in caustic concentration as well as changes in the initial composition and ionization properties of the constituent acids of the oleic phase. The model relies on the Langmuirian theory of interfacial sorption kinetics in addition to the Nernstian theory of convective diffusion. Pertinent kinetic and mass transfer parameters for all contributing surface-active species were determined from a recently proposed single-component dynamic model (Chiwetelu et al., 1988a). The validity of this multicomponent dynamic model was confirmed by the close agreement between predicted IFT and experimental data for a binary carboxylic acid system in contact with a broad range of caustic concentrations.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360209
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  • 50
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    Experimental study and parameterization of interfacial gas absorption (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 265-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experiments of simultaneous absorption of carbon dioxide and helium, in transient absorption regimes, have been carried out in a gas-liquid flume for stratified-type cocurrent flows. There was a need to improve a method of chromatographic analysis for helium and CO2 titrations in the gaseous phase and the liquid phase; this led us to study simultaneous absorption of CO2 and He independent of dynamic conditions. In addition the dominant wave characteristics were studied and the interfacial friction velocity was measured. It was confirmed that, for two gases presenting a large contrast in diffusivities, gas absorption rates are related directly to the physical properties of the gases. The mass transfer coefficient varies with the - 1/2 exponent of the Schmidt number for a large interfacial stress and a clean interface whereas it varies with the - 2/3 exponent for weaker winds.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360212
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    Exploiting parallelism in chemical engineering computations (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 291-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360216
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    Sorbents for removal of Lead compounds from hot flue gases (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 307-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360220
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    Shear thickening (dilatancy) in concentrated dispersions (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 321-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new criterion is introduced for the onset of shear thickening in a concentrated dispersion. The criterion follows from the assumption that shear thickening occurs when the shear forces overrule the interparticle forces. A force balance at small interparticle distances is used to predict the dependence of this critical shear rate on the volume fraction. It is deduced that the critical shear rate is proportional to the interparticle distance, has a linear dependence on the magnitude of the stabilizing force, an inverse linear dependence on the dispersion medium viscosity, and an inverse linear dependence on the particle radius. The model is confirmed experimentally with viscosity measurements on various electrostatically stabilized dispersions. The validity of the model is also checked with data obtained from the literature. Experiments indicate that polydisperse dispersions exhibit pronounced shear thickening but with a less dramatic increase in viscosity than monodisperse dispersions.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360302
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    Computer simulation of isothermal fluidization in large-scale laboratory rigs (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 361-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Finite-difference computer models have been used by several investigators to predict hydrodynamic mixing in fluidized beds. In the present study the finite-difference model CHEMFLUB is used to simulate cold, isothermal mixing in axisymmetric fluidized beds. The bed geometries and the operating conditions are based upon those of two large-scale laboratory cold flow rigs. The finite-difference model is an iterative, implicit formulation to solve continuum equations describing the gas and particle dynamics of fluidization. Comparisons with experimental data are presented. It is shown that the model provides a good prediction of jet penetration height, bubble frequency, and bubble velocity.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360306
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    Experiments on the conductivity of suspensions of ionically-conductive spheres (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 387-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This is a report on the ionic conductivity of monodisperse, neutrally-buoyant suspensions of ion-exchange beads, both AC total-ion conductivity and DC specific-ion conductivity of an electrochemically-active species. They represent the zero Péclet-number and the large Péclet-number limits of mass transfer, respectively.A rotating disc electrode was employed for the DC studies and a well mixed conductivity cell for the AC - for particle volume fractions φ ranging from zero to about 45%. Novel techniques were developed for rapidly determining the particle AC conductivity and for modifying the relative conductivity α of ion-exchange beads by poisoning with immobilely-bound ions. For α values, 0.044≤ α ≤ 1.48, of this study Maxwell's classical relation is shown to be adequate for φ ≤ 0.5, which is, in agreement with Turner (1973, 1976).Our results for the DC conductivity differ somewhat from those of Andersen (1987) land show the weak dependence on particle Péclet number predicted by the dilute-suspension theory of Nir and Acrivos (1976) for Pe ≫ 1.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360308
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  • 56
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    Particle generation in a chemical vapor deposition process with seed particles (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 409-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The formation of aerosol particles by gas-phase chemical reaction in the presence of seed particles has been studied experimentally and theoretically. Titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) vapor containing ultrafine TiO2 seed particles was introduced into a laminar flow aerosol reactor, and the properties of produced TiO2 aerosol were measured. By comparing the particle numbers and size distributions of the resulting aerosol with those of the seed particles and those of homogeneously nucleated particles in the absence of seed particles, the effects of initial concentrations of TTIP vapor, reaction temperatures, and properties of seed particles on the suppression of homogeneous nucleation were experimentally clarified. In the theoretical analysis, the population balance equation expressing simultaneous generation of TiO2 monomer, Brownian coagulation and diffusive deposition of TiO2 monomer and aerosols was solved. The observed suppression of homogeneous nucleation by the seed particles is explained qualitatively by the theoretical analysis.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360310
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  • 57
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    Correlation of aqueous Henry's constants from 0°c to the critical point (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 539-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Recent theoretical results (Japas and Levelt Sengers, 1989) for the temperature dependence of Henry's constant near the solvent's critical point are used to obtain a linear expression which, for aqueous solutions of nonpolar gases, fits experimental Henry's constant data at temperatures from water's critical point down to roughly the normal boiling point. A small correction with only one additional adjustable parameter extends the correlation to 0°C. The final result is a three-parameter correlation, covering the entire range of temperatures, which fits the available data as well as or better than existing four-parameter empirical expressions and better than a recently proposed three-parameter expression. Since the correct near-critical behavior is built in, the new correlation should be especially useful for estimating Henry's constants in systems where little or no data exist at high temperatures. Fitted parameters are given for ten nonpolar gases in H2O and six nonpolar gases in D2O.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360405
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    Rigorous dynamics and feedforward control design for distillation processes (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 576-586 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Feedforward control has the theoretical potential for perfect control; therefore, research to simplify and improve the use of such a control strategy for possible industrial applications has potential value. A general model for simulation of controlled distillation columns is used to reproduce operating trends of some monitored variables for an industrial column. Comparisons between simulated and operating data show a general good agreement.When a rigorous model is available and can be proved reliable for practical purposes, the design of feedforward control schemes becomes viable and can be incorporated in the more conventional approach. A specific industrial example shows the practical implementation problems and the real economic value of a feedforward control strategy to optimize the process behavior. In particular, the feedforward control action can reduce the inherent error from changes in feed composition when a basic feedback control structure is used to infer composition.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360409
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  • 59
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    Dynamics of pulsing flow in trickle beds (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 605-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A macroscopic model of two-phase flow in packed beds, based on the volume-averaged equations of motion for the gas and liquid phases, was analyzed in an attempt to understand the onset and evolution of fully-developed pulsing flow in trickle beds. By assuming that solutions take the form of waves travelling at constant speed, periodic solutions to these equations are found which can be associated with long-time, asymptotic behavior of pulses in a very long bed. Families of one-dimensional waves which exist at a particular set of mass fluxes can be characterized by infinite period bifurcations in the travelling wave frame. We numerically follow these bifurcations as the fluxes are changed, generating bifurcation diagrams for the original model. The results predict that properties of one-dimensional pulses should correlate with the total superficial velocity through the bed. A hysteresis in the trickling-pulsing transition is also predicted.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360412
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    Flow characteristics of stirred reactors with newtonian and non-newtonian fluids (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 627-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360414
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    Masthead (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360501
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  • 62
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    Hydrodynamics of gas-agitated liquid-liquid dispersions (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 677-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gas-agitated liquid-liquid dispersions arise in applications as diverse as direct hydrogenation processes for bitumen and coal, and the manufacture of iron and steel. The transfer of gas-phase constitutents to the dispersed liquid phase and/or elution of dispersed-phase drops have been identified as potential limiting phenomena in these processes. Consequently, mean drop size and drop size distribution are key design variables. In this paper, the impact of gas flux and the physical properties of dispersed-phase constitutents on the steady-state size distribution of liquid drops in lean liquid-liquid dispersions is quantified. The physical properties of the dispersed phase are shown to have a significant impact on drop size and drop-size distribution at low gas fluxes. Sauter mean drop size is correlated using theoretical models for drop break-up and coalescence. All results are compared with stirred tank analogues.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360505
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    Effective kinetic modeling of multistep homogeneous reactions (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1200-1208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Bodenstein approximation for trace-level intermediates is used to reduce multistep reaction-kinetic networks of arbitrary topology and size to simpler forms with only pseudosingle steps between nodes and to derive explicit equations for formation or consumption rates of end members. Networks with nontrace intermediates or steps of higher orders in intermediates must be broken at the respective steps into portions to which the procedure can then be applied separately. A recipe is provided with which rate and yield-ratio equations are readily compiled for networks of arbitrary configuration and complexity. The method is illustrated with an example of a reaction of industrial interest.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360809
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    Homogeneous nucleation in supercritical fluids (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1289-1298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When a supercritical solution is rapidly expanded, large solute supersaturations can be attained, and small particles are formed. The evolution of the homogeneous nucleation rate, work of nucleus formation, and critical nucleus size along different expansion paths is investigated here for the model system phenanthrene-carbon dioxide. Nucleation rates are the result of the competition among solvent expansion, cooling due to depressurization, and high supersaturation. Although supersaturations can reach very high values (〉 106), relatively flat nucleation rate profiles result due to cooling and expansion. For an interfacial tension of 0.02 N/m, computed nucleation rates never exceed 104 s-1 · cm-3. A substantial fraction of the maximum nucleation rate is attained with partial decompression to pressures above 1 bar.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360902
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    Calculation of the compression zone height in continuous thickeners (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 3-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method to calculate the compression zone height in continuous thickeners is presented. With this method, it is necessary to know the variations of the pulp-supernatant interface and the sediment height vs. time in a batch test. This method is discussed considering the following aspects: relationship between the settling rate of solids and their concentration in the settling zone; and the compression of solids due to the squeeze transmitted by the upper layers - unbuoyed weight of particles minus force of friction due to the Darcian flow. When the variation of the sediment height vs. time becomes linear, it is possible to calculate the maximum solids concentration which can be reached by sedimentation. The change of the solids matrix permeability and its influence on the method proposed are also analyzed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360103
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    Heat transfer under multiple slot jets impinging on a permeable moving surface (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1370-1378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Local and average heat transfer were measured for a system of multiple jets impinging on a moving permeable surface at which there may be throughflow. Multiple jets were confined by a hood, as is required industrially for thermal efficiency. Exhaust ports located symmetrically between the jet nozzles eliminated crossflow, otherwise a strongly detrimental effect. Impingement surface motion decreases average heat transfer, by 17% at industrially relevant values of the surface motion parameter, Mvs. Enhancement of impingement heat flux by throughflow is linearly additive. Expressed as ΔSt, this enhancement depends only on the throughflow parameter, Mus, with ΔSt/Mus = 0.17. For typical operating conditions, withdrawal as throughflow of only 10% of the jet flow increases mean Nusselt number by over 50%. Industrial design modeling for the potential process of combined impingement and throughflow drying of wet webs such as paper is demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360910
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    Hydrodynamics of particulate motion in sinusoidal pores via a singularity method (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1403-1419 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Axisymmetric motions of suspended spheres and dumbbells through sinusoidally corrugated capillaries are considered as an illustrative model of particulate or macromolecular transport in porous media. Numerical simulations are carried out using a least-squares singularity method, which is well suited to simulating creeping flows in the complicated, time-evolving geometries associated with particle motion through nonrectilinear pores. The numerical method is applied to a representative closure problem, whose solution yields effective transport coefficients describing particulate flow in porous media. With reference to polymer-induced mobility control in enhanced oil recovery, a hydrodynamic mechanism of mobility reduction is studied using a rigid dumbbell polymer model.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360913
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  • 68
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    Mass transfer with chemical reaction in a threehyphen;phase foam-slurry reactor (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 117-125 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Studies on mass transfer coupled with chemical reaction were conducted in a gas-liquid-solid foam bed contactor under a variety of operating conditions in order to establish the controlling parameters for such a contacting system. Analytical equations were derived in order to predict the influence of solids dissolution on the specific rate of absorption in the stable foam stage of a three-phase foam-slurry reactor. Experimental investigations on the absorption of carbon dioxide in the presence of an aqueous foam-slurry containing calcium hydroxide particles were carried out in order to verify the theoretical model. Results indicate that the gas-liquid interfacial area and gas flow rate strongly affected the rate of mass transfer, while solids holdup affected mass transfer rates only moderately over the range of solids holdup studied. A comparison with conventional chemical reactor configurations (e.g., bubble column, CSTR) was made to demonstrate the gas-liquid-solid system, for which this novel reactor might be employed. Foam stability enhancement, due to the presence of solid particles, was not observed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360114
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    Letters to the editor (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 151-155 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360120
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  • 70
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    Melt blowing: General equation development and experimental verification (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 175-186 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model has been developed for steady polymer melt blowing. This model includes the dominant effect that the forwarding air has upon the process. Inertial, gravitational and heat transfer effects are also included. The model equations are solved numerically with both Newtonian and viscoelastic (Phan-Thien and Tanner) constitutive equations. The predicted results compare favorably with actual experimental data.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360203
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    Unifying indicator and instantaneous reaction methods of measuring micromixing (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 227-232 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Instantaneous chemical reactions, either themselves or together with chemical indicators, have previously been used as probes of turbulent micromixing. Both methods obtain statistics of the micromixing from measurement of time mean quantities. The mean reactant concentration, which is the quantity measured in the instantaneous reaction method, is shown here to be the integral with respect to feed concentration ratio of the mean color density, which is the quantity measured in the chemical indicator method. Differentiation of the mean color density gives the scalar probability density while integration gives the mean reactant concentration. Measurements of the color density of bromothymol blue at the centerline of a turbulent jet of base mixing with acid are used as an example.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360208
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    Interpretation of the magnetic resonance imaging signal from a foam (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 287-290 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360215
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    Single effective diffusivities for dynamic adsorption in bidisperse adsorbents (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 302-306 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360219
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    Novel liquid-in-pore configurations in membrane solvent extraction (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1592-1596 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361018
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    Self-consistent local composition model of electrolyte solutions (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 370-386 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A self-consistent local composition theory for the excess Gibbs free energy of a multicomponent electrolyte solution is developed. The theory incorporates correct pair counting, assumes that like-charged ions cannot be nearest neighbors of each other, and accounts for the effect of second nearest neighbor interactions.A perturbation analysis of the model, linear in the interaction parameters, is also carried out. For a given solvent and a given class of electrolyte the perturbed theory yields universal functions of molality, which can be weighted by suitable parameter values and added to give the desired property. The parameters can be expressed in a temperature-independent form. This theory correlates very well the data on osmotic and activity coefficients in single-solute aqueous solutions up to very high concentrations (up to 20 M) as well as over a range of temperatures.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360307
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    Flue gas desulfurization by in-duct dry scrubbing using calcium hydroxide (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 473-477 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Absract.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360318
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    A bubbling fluidization model using kinetic theory of granular flow (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 523-538 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Detailed knowledge of solids circulation, bubble motion, and frequencies of porosity oscillations is needed for a better understanding of tube erosion in fluidized bed combustors. A predictive two-phase flow model was derived starting with the Boltzman equation for velocity distribution of particles. The model is a generalization of the Navier-Stokes equations of the type proposed by R. Jackson, except that the solids viscosities and stresses are computed by simultaneously solving a fluctuating energy equation for the particulate phase. The model predictions agree with time-averaged and instantaneous porosities measured in two-dimensional fluidized beds. Observed flow patterns and bubbles were also predicted.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360404
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    Nucleation, growth, and aggregation rates from steady-state experimental data (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1748-1752 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361117
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  • 79
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    Hydrodynamics of a semibatch slurry bubble column with a foaming liquid (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1758-1762 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361119
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  • 80
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    Solid-liquid separation. Edited by Ladislav Svarovski, 3rd ed., Butterworths, Stoneham, MA, 1990, 716pp., $95 (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1780-1781 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361125
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  • 81
    Electronic Resource
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    Revised vapor-liquid equilibrium model for multicomponent formaldehyde mixtures (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1807-1814 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Formaldehyde is one of the most important intermediate products of the chemical industry. Due to its high reactivity, it is commonly handled in aqueous or methanolic solutions. In these solutions, formaldehyde is dissolved chemically. Therefore, modeling thermodynamic properties of aqueous and methanolic formaldehyde-containing mixtures require the consideration of chemical reactions and physical effects. A recently published physico-chemical model (Maurer, 1986) for the description of vapor-liquid equilibria of these systems is tested and improved on the basis of about 140 new experimental data points for mixtures containing formaldehyde, water, methanol, and trioxane at temperatures between 320 and 380 K and pressures below 100 kPa. Improvements are achieved by fitting some of those binary interaction parameters, which formerly had to be estimated due to the lack of experimental data. The revised model is able to reliably predict vapor-liquid equilibria in multicomponent formaldehyde-containing mixtures.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361204
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  • 82
    Electronic Resource
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    Nonisothermal parison inflation in blow molding (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1837-1850 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Nonisothermal inflation of a viscous annular parison and its cooling and solidification before and upon wall contact are analyzed by solving the unsteady momentum and energy conservation equations. The algorithm simultaneously determines the flow field and temperature distribution within the parison together with the moving surfaces at every time step. Results of the present study indicate that the inflation rate is increased as a result of higher temperature within the parison. However, the instantaneous shape of the parison and the final thickness variation upon mold contact remain virtually unchanged. Due to the temperature dependence of physical properties, the critical factor during inflation is initial temperature distribution within the parison. Inflation resulting in full attachment to a confining mold wall takes only a small fraction of the time required to cool the material to the ambient gas temperature. The transient calculations illustrate how computer simulations may be used to improve design of blow molding operations, and they are in good agreement with available experiments.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361208
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  • 83
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    Wave propagation in the flow of shear-thinning fluids down an incline (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1873-1889 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of shear-thinning rheology on the spatial growth of waves in multilayered flow down an inclined plane is modeled, utilizing the Carreau viscosity constitutive equation. It is shown that waves associated with the free surface propagate as if they were in a Newtonian system, where the viscosity is some average of the varying viscosities in the shear-thinning layer. This averaging is due to the global effects of shear thinning, such as changes in velocity profile and film thicknesses. In contrast, waves that are associated with the interfaces between adjacent fluid layers are largely affected by the local interfacial viscosities; wave propagation is not governed by some average Newtonian viscosity across the layer. It is found that shear-thinning rheology can either increase or decrease the growth of waves associated with a fluid-fluid interface, compared with a purely Newtonian case.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361211
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  • 84
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    Correction (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1925-1925 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361220
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  • 85
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    Spatial instabilities in the regeneration of diesel-particulate filters (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 353-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An instability is proposed that can lead to channel formation during the regeneration of monolithic diesel-particulate filters. This instability, which occurs during the transport-controlled combustion of the soot bed, is compared to a kinetically driven instability by using a numerical model for channel growth. Both mechanisms are shown to be important and may lead to higher thermal stresses in the filter wall. It is suggested that both mechanisms can be controlled by the ratio of the filter-plate to soot-bed flow resistance, lateral heat transfer, and other design parameters.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360305
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  • 86
    Electronic Resource
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    Thermoflow multiplicity in a cooled tube (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 397-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The coupling between the momentum and energy balances and the change of physical properties with temperature can give rise to situations in which the pressure drop vs. flow rate curve is nonmonotonic. This can lead to thermoflow multiplicity - the existence of different flow rates in a tube under the same overall pressure drop. A two-dimensional model is used to analyze the conditions leading to thermoflow multiplicity for an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid flowing in a cooled tube. First, the multiplicity features of various limiting models are determined. These results are later used to gain an understanding of the asymptotic multiplicity features of the general model. The results show that the temperature sensitivity of the viscosity necessary for thermoflow multiplicity to occur decreases with increasing Brinkman number or β (modified Stanton number), or with decreasing cooling temperature, Biot number, or power law parameter. Multiple flow rates for a prescribed pressure drop are unlikely to occur in heat exchangers in which the Brinkman numbers are usually low and Biot numbers are high but may be found in polymer processing applications.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360309
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  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microencapsulation in polyurea shell by interfacial polycondensation (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 431-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model and a simple measurement technique for time of encapsulation have been developed to study the microencapsulation of butachlor in polyurea shell by means of interfacial polymerization. The model is based on diffusion of the hydrophilic monomer through the polymeric shell with an interfacial reaction at the inner surface while the measurement technique is based on the indirect determination of the concentration of the hydrophilic monomer in the continuous phase by monitoring the pH. Measurements show that capsule sizes ranging from 1 to 20 μm can be produced, and the surface to volume mean size varies only from 2 to 6 μm for a large variation in rpm of the agitator. Time of encapsulation is found to be approximately proportional to the microcapsule size, and it varies from 150 to 300 s. Both the data and the model were used to discern that the process is kinetically-controlled by and large. It is also shown that time of encapsulation varies with the square of the capsule size in a diffusion-controlled regime.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360312
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress distribution in a packed bed above raceway cavities formed by an air jet (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 461-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The vertical stress profile in a packed bed above the cavities formed by an upward, high-velocity air jet is estimated from a force balance analysis and static pressure measurements. The objective is to understand and determine the forces responsible for maintaining the cavity roof. Such cavities, formed in an iron blast furnace, adjacent to the hot air blast emanating from the tuyere pipes, are called raceways. A net upward force provided by the gas pressure drag and the support from the bed walls holds the raceway roof in its position. Abrupt changes in the stress and the gas velocity are observed near the roof. The zero vertical stress is also found close above the roof but fluctuates vertically with the raceway size, which varies irreversibly following a cyclic change in the blast rate.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360315
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ceramic processing: An overview (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 481-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Processing of ceramics is reviewed from a broad perspective, with emphasis on the predominant powder-based methods, but with considerable attention to other methods. Major stages of the powder process, from preparation, modification, and handling, to sintering or pressure densification (or postdensification) are discussed. Nonpowder-based methods, such as chemical vapor deposition, melt, and polymer pyrolysis processing, are also presented. Processing of ceramic composites is reviewed, noting the shifts in processing technology this entails. Practical aspects, such as part size, shape, volume, and the costs of various processes are also addressed.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360402
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging and modeling of flow in hollow-fiber bioreactors (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 547-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Nuclear magnetic resonance flow imaging (MRFI) was used to measure fluid flow noninvasively in the extracapillary space (ECS) of a hollow-fiber bioreactor without cells. Agreement between these axial flow measurements in a single hollow-fiber module and predicted axial velocity contour plots at various image planes along the path length was good.Flow in a solid-wall tube (phantom) was first used to calibrate pixel intensities with axial velocities. Flow images at several locations along the permeable hollow fiber length were then obtained in order to observe the well-known leakage or Starling flow in the ECS. These quantitative spatially dependent velocity measurements were then compared to theoretically derived velocities obtained from a solution of Poisson's equation with a constant pressure gradient and no slip at the solid surfaces. A mathematical transformation was used to simplify the numerical methods. Leakage flow through the ECS of a multifiber bioreactor (40 fibers) was also measured by MRFI, illustrating the applicability of this method for optimizing operational procedures and design of membrane bioreactors and filtration devices.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360406
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple process equations, fixed-point methods, and chaos (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 641-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The chaotic behavior of fixed-point methods for steady-state process simulation is studied. It is shown that direct substitution and Newton's method exhibit all of the rich structure of chaos (period doubling, aperiodicity, fractal basin boundaries, and related properties) on simple process examples. These examples include finding roots to the Soave-Redlich-Kwong and Underwood equations, dew point and flash calculations for heterogeneous mixtures, and a simple process flowsheet.For single variable problems, it is shown that direct substitution follows a classical period-doubling route to chaos. On the other hand, the chaotic behavior of direct substitution and Newton's method on multivariable problems is considerably more complex, and can give the appearance that no organized route to chaos is followed. For example, for the dew point problems, truncated period doubling, odd periodic cycles, and chaotic behavior can be observed, within which are embedded narrow regions of global convergence. Many numerical results and geometric illustrations are presented.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360502
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lumped kinetics of many parallel nth-order reactions (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 685-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of lumped nth-order reactions are examined both asymptotically and numerically. The lumped kinetics in most cases are Mth order at large times. There exist two critical values for n, denoted by n* and n*, which are expressed explicitly as functions of the feed properties. It is shown that (1) M = n when n 〉 n*, (2) M is linear in n when n* 〈 n 〈 n*, and (3) M does not exist when n = n* or n ≤ n*. Whenever the feed contains some unconvertibles, M is independent of n for -∞ 〈 n 〈 n*. The overall effective rate constant is not continuous at n = n* nor at n = n*. Unexpectedly, when n 〉 n* the lump's long-time behavior is governed by all species, not just by the most refractory species. Although the asymptotic kinetics are developed for long times, they are useful for fitting the whole-time behavior of the lump by an mth-order model. This is true even when M does not exist in the asymptotic regime. Numerical experiments show that M and m behave similarly in many respects. For example, as n increases, they both become closer to n and less dependent on the feed properties. Some published data are rationalized in light of the present results.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360506
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    Competitive hydrodesulfurization and hydrogenation in a monolithic reactor (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 746-752 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Competitive liquid-phase hydrodesulfurization of thiophene and hydrogenation of cyclohexene on a monolithic CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst were studied. The flow pattern in the monolithic catalyst reactor was segmented gas-liquid flow (slug flow). The hydrogen pressure and the temperature were varied between 30-40 bar and 509-523 K, respectively. The experimental data are consistent with rate expressions of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood type where the reactions proceed on two different types of active sites. This kinetic model is based on hydrogenation of the thiophene ring prior to sulfur elimination.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360511
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    Catalytic hydroprocessing of chlorobenzene and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 773-778 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The hydrodechlorination reactions of chlorobenzene and 1,2-dichlorobenzene on a NiMo/γAl2O3 catalyst were examined in a differential microflow reactor. The NiMo catalyst had high activity and selectivity for dechlorination; no hydrogenation of the aromatic ring was detected. The dechlorination reactions were examined at temperatures ranging from 275 to 375°C. In this temperature range the rates of adsorption and surface reaction are comparable and neither controls the overall reaction rate. A kinetic model, incorporating adsorption, desorption and surface reaction rates, has been used to model the data.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360514
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    Bouncing motions of liquid drops between tilted parallel-plate electrodes (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1039-1045 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The paper reports on experimental and analytic studies on translational motions of liquid drops in an immiscible, dielectric liquid confined by a pair of tilted parallel-plate electrodes, across which a steady electric field is being applied. With an increase of the strength of the field, drops begin to bounce back and forth between the electrodes while falling down along the axis of tilt of the electrodes. The bouncing motions are found to be predictable with a reasonable accuracy by using a simple model constructed within the framework of conventional fluid mechanics and electrostatics.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360710
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  • 96
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    Development of a space-charge transport model for ion-exchange membranes (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1061-1074 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A two-dimensional, electrokinetic transport model that incorporates ionic hydration, orientation of solvent molecules by an applied electric field, and solvent dipole-dipole interactions is developed. The model is used to simulate equilibrium and transport experiments for perfluorosulfonic acid membranes containing aqueous alkali metal sulfate solutions. The membrane is modeled as an array of cylindrical pores. Solution of the mathematical model requires that the membrane porosity, water partition coefficient, coion partition coefficient, water diffusion coefficients, and coion and counterion diffusion coefficients be known. Membrane coion and counterion diffusion coefficients were determined from free solution equivalent conductance data. All other parameters were determined experimentally for a Nafion (of E. I. du Pont de Nemours Inc.) cation-exchange membrane and five 0.1 M alkali metal sulfate solutions. Experimental radiotracer data for coion absorption as well as for coion and water transport are compared with theoretical predictions to test the accuracy of the model.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360713
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  • 97
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    Control structures for disturbance rejection and decoupling of distillation (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1107-1113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The process gains for different distillation control structures can be calculated through transformations from known gains of one arbitrary structure.In this paper the transformation is utilized for calculation of a two-point distillation control structure which, in the steady state, simultaneously rejects disturbances in the feed composition and in the feed flow rate and results in implicit decoupling between the two product control loops. This disturbance rejecting and decoupling (DRD) structure is tested on a model of a 15-plate pilot-plant distillation column. It compares favorably with standard structures for dual composition control. Experimental results agree with the simulation results.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360717
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  • 98
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    The Benzylphenylether thermolysis mechanism: Insights from phase behavior (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1129-1136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The thermolysis of benzylphenylether (BPE) was examined at 320°C in liquid, vapor, and supercritical methanol phases as a probe of the reaction mechanism. Toluene and phenol were the major products in all cases, but observed selectivities were dependent upon the reaction phase. Isotopic labeling experiments demonstrated that methanol participated in the reaction network as a hydrogen donor through a free-radical mechanism. These results are consistent with free-radical steps for neat BPE primary pyrolysis that include BPE fission followed by hydrogen abstraction and radical recombination reactions. A detailed set of 21 free-radical steps quantitatively explains the dependence of the selectivity and conversion on the phase behavior.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360802
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  • 99
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    Near-critical phenomena and resolution in supercritical fluid chromatography (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1163-1175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The analysis in this paper shows the relationship between molecular resolution in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), and certain divergent thermodynamic properties of solutes dissolved in near-critical fluids. This divergence is most pronounced in the near-critical regime, leading to the hypothesis that this region provides most promise for heightened molecular resolution, which lies at the heart of analytical and separation technologies.A thermodynamic model for representing capacity factor data in SFC is proposed, spanning a wide density range. The model uses a perturbed hard sphere equation for the fluid phase and lattice concepts for the stationary phase. In addition, data are presented for a number of systems and discussed in terms of the analysis provided. For an isomeric system, the data shows that resolution between species increases with the onset of retrograde behavior, resulting in a distinct maximum point.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360806
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
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    Simultaneous synthesis of mass-exchange and regeneration networks (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1209-1219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A systematic procedure is developed for the simultaneous synthesis of primary transfer mass-exchange networks and their associated mass-exchange regeneration networks. The purpose of the primary transfer network is to preferentially transfer certain species from a set of rich streams to a set of lean streams. The regeneration network aims at regenerating any recyclable lean stream. The proposed procedure deals with the problem in two stages. In the first stage, a mixed-integer nonlinear program is solved to minimize the cost of mass-separating and regenerating agents. The solution of this program provides the location of the pinch points as well as the optimal flow rates of all the lean and the regenerative streams without any prior commitment to the network structure. In the second stage, a mixed-integer linear program is solved to minimize the number of exchangers in both networks. An example problem with industrial relevance is solved to elucidate the merits offered by the devised synthesis procedure.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360810
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