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  • 1980-1984  (6,715)
  • 1983  (6,715)
  • Chemistry  (6,715)
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 492-493 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 471-479 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; On-column injection ; Split sampling ; Temperature control ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of sample injection temperature on quantitation is examined for on-column and conventional split modes of sampling in capillary gas chromatography. Discrimination effects can be observed even with on-column injection if the injection temperature is too far above the boiling point of the solvent (or that of a major low boiling constituent(. This is attributed to higher boiling components being left behind in the syringe needle, and a set of simulation experiments are described to illustrate this effect. Various discrimination patterns using conventional split injection were observed, depending on temperature of injection. Apart from syringe needle effects, discrimination is probably due to the preferential venting of higher boiling components as liquid sample droplets, which can have a lifetime greater than the time of transit to the splitter. With such a two-phase system, involving variable droplet size, the flow distribution in the splitter will be critical to uniform sampling. The use of combination on-column/split sampling, with the appropriate temperature control to provide sample uniformity to the splitter is discussed as an advantageous alternative to conventional split sampling.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 480-487 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Residue mixtures ; Inlet characteristics ; Injection procedure ; Repeatability ; Linearity ; Quantification ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Residue mixtures of pesticides in foods which were difficult to separate by packed-column gas chromatography were determined by capillary gas chromatography and electron capture detection. Manual injections of sample and reference standard were made with a 10 μL syringe on a septum-enclosed, split/ splitless inlet system. Optimal peak height repeatability (± 3%( was achieved with three-μL injections which were made within time periods of four hours or less. The average linearity coefficient (slope( obtained for detector response as a function of solution concentration was 1.1.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 497-500 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column, fused silica ; On-column injection ; Solvent polarity ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 501-504 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Van Deemter curves ; Thick film columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 504-507 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Effluent splitting ; Polyimide ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 510-511 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Optically active compounds ; Determination of trace amounts ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 514-515 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Partition chromatography ; Atropine ; Belladonna alkaloids ; Electrochemical detection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 554-559 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; On-column Injection ; Capillary Columns ; Solute Focusing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel solute focusing technique for on-column injection of liquid samples onto capillary GC columns is described. The focusing technique allows injection of 8.0 microliters or more of sample without producing the peak distortion or splitting observed under conventional on-column injection conditions. The experimentally determined performance of the technique is given for a wide volatility range sample. Solute focusing is useful in situations where on-column injection of 1.0 microliter or greater is required.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 110
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, capillary ; Sample discrimination ; Injection, on-column ; Secondary cooling ; Quantitation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A comparison is made between air and carbon dioxide as secondary cooling gases in cold on-column injection into capillary columns. Because CO2 is a more effective coolant than air, the injection zone can be kept at a colder temperature, thus preventing loss of sample vapor through the open injector even as the initial oven temperatures because greater than the boiling point of the solvent. Sample loss at these elevated temperatures is shown as a reduction in peak area as functions of column temperature during injection and different injection zone temperatures. The maximum allowable oven temperature during injection is significantly higher when CO2 is used as secondary coolant rather than air.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 111
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 566-567 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary ; Capillary liquid chromatography ; Capillary gas chromatography ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 567-568 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Solvent effect ; Headspace analysis ; Trace analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 113
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 571-572 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Micro HPLC ; Bile acids ; Precolumn concentration ; Postcolumn reaction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 114
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 573-574 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Reversed phase HPLC ; Fluorimetric detection ; Fossil chlorins ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 115
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 581-583 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 116
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 577-580 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 575-576 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-film chromatography, HPTFC ; Separation on argentized silica gel ; Detection ; Scanning densitometry ; Lipids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 118
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 583-583 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 119
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 120
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A43 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 121
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 122
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A68 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 123
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A71 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 124
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 11-18 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Geometrieänderung von Oberflächenrissen unter alternierender Zug- und BiegebelastungDie Geometrieänderung von Oberflächenrissen unter alternierender Zug- und Biegebelastung wird unter Verwendung der Spannungsintensitätsfaktoren von Newmann und Raju und des ASME-Codes berechnet. Es wird angenommen, daß das Rißwachstum am tiefsten Punkt und an der Oberfläche entsprechend dem jeweiligen K-Faktor an diesem Punkt erfolgt. Berechnungen mit lokalen und über die Rißfront gemittelten K-Faktoren werden ausgeführt und mit Resultaten aus der Literatur verglichen.
    Notes: The change in geometry of surface cracks during alternating tension and bending is calculated using the stress intensity factors of Newman and Raju and of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. It is assumed that the crack extends at the deepest point and at the surface according to the stress intensity factors at these points. Calculations were performed with local K-values and with K-values obtained by a weighted averaging along the crack front. The obtained results were compared with results from the literature.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 125
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 31-35 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 126
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 127
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A19 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 128
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A84 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 129
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A31 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 130
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A28 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 131
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 73-81 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Crack Initiation in Glass Fibres Under the Influence of Chemical Environment and High TemperatureSpecific interactions between chemical environments (distilled water, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid) and the glass fibre generate stress corrosion cracking in the glass fibre surface. The etching of glass fibre effects either axial or spiral cracks in the glass fibre surface. These effects depend on the fibre diameter, the etching time and the chemical environment. Crack initiation generates a drop of tensile stresses. At least the glass fibre crumbles with increasing etching time.The reasons for this phenomenon are residual stresses in the glass fibre. Therefore it is necessary to know something about residual stresses. Strict etching procedures lead to definite crack structures in glass fibres and should indicate the kind of residual stresses in connection with strength tests.
    Notes: Spezifische Wechselwirkungen zwischen korrosiven Umgebungsmedien (dest. Wasser, Salz- und Schwefelsäure) und Elementarglasfasern führen zur Spannungsrißbildung in Glasfasern. Durch Ansätzen von Glasfasern bilden sich in der Oberflächenschicht sowohl axiale als auch spiralförmige Risse aus. Die Art der Rißbildung ist abhängig vom Elementarfaserdurchmesser, der Ätzzeit und den verwendeten korrosiven Medien. Der durch die Rißbildung hervorgerufene Festigkeitsabfall der Glasfasern ist erheblich.Mit zunehmender Einwirkung korrosiver Medien zerfällt schließlich die Glasfaser.Ein Grund für die Rißbildung sind Eigenspannungen in Elementarglasfasern. Es ist deshalb wichtig, Eigenspannungen in den Fasern zu ermitteln, mindestens aber abschätzen zu können. Gezielte Ätzverfahren bewirkten definierbare Rißstrukturen in Fasern. Sie sollen in Verbindung mit Festigkeitsprüfungen Aufschluß über Art und Größe von Eigenspannungen in Elementarglasfasern geben.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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  • 132
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 133
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 417-421 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The report presents investigations of the microstructure of commercial Alloy 800 after isothermal ageing at 900°C, carried out by optical microscopy and by transmission electron microscopy using replica and thin foil techniques.The high temperature ageing was characterized predominantly by precipitation of carbides on grain and twin boundaries of the austenitic matrix, as well as on dislocations within the grains. The carbides were identified, using electron microscope diffraction and X-ray phase analysis of electrolytic extractions, as (Cr, Fe)23C6, Ti (C, N) and TiC.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 134
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 135-140 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Silicon carbide (SiSiC), a new material for mechanical engineeringThe state of the art of components made from SiSiC (=reaction sintered, free silicon-containing silicon carbide) is presented. Physical, mechanical properties, resistance against corrosion, methods of joining, costs, and future applications are discussed.
    Notes: Der Stand der Entwicklung großformatiger Bauteile aus SiSiC (mit Silizium infiltriertes, reaktionsgebundes Siliziumcarbid) für den Apparatebau wird vorgestellt. Werkstoffeigenschaften, Korrosionsverhalten, Fügetechnik, Kosten und Anwendungen werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 135
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A48 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 136
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 141-147 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion of Grey Cast Iron in Concentrated Sulphuric AcidThe Pauling process of regenerating spent sulphuric acid is an example of industrial application of the corrosion resistance of grey cast iron in boiling strong sulphuric acid. The corrosion behaviour of cast iron in boiling sulphuric acid depends on the corrosion potential. At a high corrosion potential, the material shows a stable passive state.In a study on the influence of the alloy components Si, Cu and Sn on the corrosion resistance of grey cast iron, the following results were derived:In the active state, cast iron containing more than 1,4-1,5% Si exhibits a corrosion maximum in 97% boiling sulphuric acid, whereas alloyed grey cast iron with low Si content displays in the active state better corrosion behaviour over the whole concentration range from 93-98% H2SO4.When the alloyed cast iron is in the passive state, corrosion resistance increases as the silicon content is reduced and the sulphuric acid concentration is raised.
    Notes: Die Beständigkeit von grauem Gußeisen in siedender konzentrierter Schwefelsäure findet im Pauling-Verfahren zur Regeneration von Abfallschwefelsäure technische Anwendung. Das Korrosionsverhalten des Gußeisens in der siedenden Säure ist abhängig vom Korrosionspotential. Bei hohem Korrosionspotential tritt Passivität des Materials ein.In einer Untersuchung konnte der Einfluß der Legierungsbestandteile Si, Cu und Sn auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit von Grauguß geklärt werden:Gußeisen, das mehr als 1,4-1,5% Si enthält, zeigt im aktiven Zustand in 97%iger siedender Schwefelsäure ein Korrosionsmaximum. Demgegenüber weist Si-armer, legierter Grauguß im aktiven Zustand für den ganzen Konzentrationsbereich von 93-98% H2SO4 besseres Korrosionsverhalten auf.Im passiven Zustand des legierten Gußeisens steigt die Korrosionsbeständigkeit mit abnehmendem Si-Gehalt des Materials und zunehmender H2SO4-Konzentration an.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 137
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 175-177 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 138
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 179-180 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 139
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 201-207 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fundamental Properties for the Design with Engineering CeramicsWithin the class of technical ceramics a new group of high quality materials has been developed, called “engineering ceramics”. A definition is given, some of their properties and future applications for mechanical design are pointed out. Comparing to the fundamental properties and definitions known for metallic materials the distinctions and different approach for the design with engineering ceramics are discussed.
    Notes: Unter den technischen keramischen Werkstoffen zeichnet sich eine Gruppe hochwertiger Materialien aus, für die die Bezeichnung „Ingenieurkeramik“ geprägt worden ist. Dieser neue Begriff wird definiert. Eigenschaften und mögliche Anwendungen im Maschinen- und Apparatebau werden vorgestellt. An Hand üblicher, relevanter Begriffe aus der Werkstoffkunde werden die Unterschiede zwischen metallischen Werkstoffen und Ingenieurkeramik und die daraus resultierende andere Vorgehensweise beim konstruktiven Entwurf diskutiert.
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  • 140
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Teil II: Neue Herstellungstechniken von SiliciumnitridIn Teil I wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen Gefüge und verschiedenen mechanischen, thermischen und thermomechanischen Eigenschaften von heißgepreßtem und reaktionsgesintertem Siliciumnitrid diskutiert, wie Bruchfestigkeit, Temperaturleitfähigkeit und Thermoschockverhalten. Aufbauend auf dieser Korrelation wurden die heutigen Grenzen von Siliciumnitrid für eine breitere Anwendung sowie die Möglichkeiten für eine Optimierung dieser Materialgruppe dargelegt. Diese Diskussion zeigt sehr deutlich, daß es notwendig ist, einige wichtige Eigenschaften weiter zu verbessern und neue Herstellungs-techniken zu entwickeln. In Teil II der Arbeit werden die Entwicklungsrichtungen dieser neuen Herstellungstechniken für Siliciumnitrid aufgezeigt. Es wird ein Überblick über die in jüngster Zeit erzielten Fortschritte bei der Anwendung dieser Techniken gegeben. Als Beispiel einer neuen Herstellungstechnik werden Ergebnisse vom heißisostatischen Pressen von reaktionsgesintertem Siliciumnitrid diskutiert.
    Notes: In part I of this paper the relationship between microstructure and various mechanical, thermal and thermo-mechanical properties of hot-pressed and reaction-bonded silicon nitride, such as fracture strength, thermal diffusivity and thermal shock resistance, was discussed. On the basis of this correlation today's limits of silicon nitride regarding a broader application and the possibilities for optimizing this material group were outlined. This discussion demonstrates the necessity of further improving some important properties and of developing new processing techniques. In part II the development lines of these new techniques for silicon nitride processing are discussed and a survey is given of recent progresses in the use of those techniques. As an example of a new processing technique, results of hot-isostatic pressing of reaction-bonded silicon nitride are presented in more detail.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 141
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 207-219 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Comparison of Service Spectrum Test Results with Aid of the Relative-Miner-RuleSome examples of using the Relative-Miner-Rule for comparison of different test results are given in the paper. The tests were performed with not identical aircraft loading spectra on different joints in different laboratories. A conversion of test results with aid of the Relative-Miner-Rule in comparable fatigue life parameters (e. g. Number of flights) for a common loading frequency distribution is possible, if S-N lines of the joints are experimentally established. A comparison of the fatigue life of riveted joints, pin-lug joints and notched specimens in the cases of TWIST and FALSTAFF was discussed. The comparison showed that the relative location of the corresponding endurance lines depends on the type of loading frequency distribution and on the magnitude of the largest loading cycles. The application areas of the Relative-Miner-Rule were analysed in detail from the viewpoint of the effect of loading spectrum modifications, material variations, type of component, specimen size and of calculation input data.
    Notes: Es wurden Beispiele für die Anwendung der Relativ-Miner-Regel zum Vergleich von Versuchsergebnissen gegeben. Diese Versuche wurden für unterschiedliche Flugzeug-Lastkollektive an Fügungen in verschiedenen Labors durchgeführt. Bei bekannten Wöhlerlinien von Fügungen lassen sich die Versuchsergebnisse auf vergleichbare Lebensdauerparameter (z. B. Flugzahlen) für eine gemeinsame Häufigkeitsverteilung mit Hilfe der Relativ-Miner-Regel umrechnen. Ein Vergleich der Lebensdauer bei TWIST und FALSTAFF wurde für Nietverbindungen, Augenstäbe und Kerbproben durchgeführt. Eine Gegenüberstellung der Lebensdauerlinien von Kerbstäben und Fügungen zeigt, daß sich die Lage dieser Linien untereinander mit der Art der Häufigkeitsverteilung und der Höhe der maximalen Lastamplitude verändern kann. Der Anwendungsbereich der Relativ-Miner-Regel in Bezug auf Häufigkeitsverteilung, Werkstoff, Bauteilart, Probengröße und Berechnungsunterlagen wurde ausführlich analysiert.
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  • 142
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 382-389 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Wear Behavior of Ledeburitic Cr-Steels with Niobium and TitaniumBy addition of niobium, titanium, titanium and carbon to a steel with 2% C and 12% Cr alloys with MC-Carbide content of 1; 2,5 or 5 vol.% were produced. The wear behavior of these alloys was investigated in comparison to common ledeburitic Cr-steels by means of a slow turn-test and the pin-on-disc method. The influence of carbides (amount, hardness and distribution) is described as well as a change in the matrix, caused by varying austenitizing and tempering temperature, Except for the alloys with 2,5 and 5 vol.% TiC and an alloy with 2,5 vol.% NbC at high matrix hardness, which show increased wear as compared to the ledeburitic Cr-steels, the wear rate is lowered by addition of MC-carbides. In the pin-on -disc test the wear rate is more significantly lowered by increasing the content of ratained austenite than by carbides.
    Notes: Durch Zusatz von Niob, Titan und Kohlenstoff zum Stahl X210Cr12 wurden Legierungen mit Gehalten von 1; 2,5 oder 5 Vol.% MC-Karbid erzeugt und deren Verschleißverhalten im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen ledburitischen Chromstählen im langsamen Dreh- und im Schleifpapierversuch ermittelt. Die Einflüsse von Karbidmenge, härte und verteilung werden dargestellt, wobei der durch die Wahl von Austenitisierungs- und Anlaßtemperatur eingestellte Zustand der Grundmasse Berücksichtigung findet. Mit Ausnahme der Legierungen mit 2,5 und 5 Vol.% TiC und einer mit 2,5 Vol.% NbC, die bei hochharter Grundmasse im langsamen Drehversuch einen höheren Verschieß aufweisen als die Vergleichsstähle, wird der Verschleiß durch Zusatz von MC-Karbiden in allen anderen Fällen gemindert. Im Schleifpapierverfahren sinkt die Verschleißrate durch Zunahme des Restaustenitgehaltes stärker als durch Zusatz von MC-Karbiden.
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  • 143
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 391-406 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Comparison of Multiaxial Fatigue CriteriaThis paper discussed multiaxial fatigue criteria for synchronous stresses as well as combined static and alternating stresses. Seven prediction methods (Marin, Sines, Kakuno and Kawada, McDiarmid, El-Magd and Mielke, Zenner), some of them in several modifications, are used to calculate 92 results from laboratory fatigue experiments, reported in the literature. The methods aim at the prediction of high cycle fatigue only.With the exception of the Marin criterion and some modifications the methods yield to acceptable predictions. However one of the methods is found to be superior, the so called “Näherungsformel”, Eqs. (32). This method showes the lowest deviation between experimental results and prediction and only this method is applicable to all 92 stress cases.
    Notes: Behandelt werden Festigkeitshypothesen für die Dauerschwingfestigkeit duktiler Werkstoffe für den ebenen Spannungszustand, wobei die Beanspruchungen synchron ablaufen und statische Anteile überlagert sein können. Durch umfangreiche Vergleiche mit Versuchsergebnissen und formale Betrachtungen werden die Treffsicherheit der Hypothesen und ihr Gültigkeitsbereich überprüft. Für die Anwendung kann eine neue Versagensbedingung ohne Einschränkungen empfohlen werden. Nicht behandelt wird der Einfluß einer mehrachsigen Beanspruchung auf eine endliche Lebensdauer, d.h. auf Betriebsfestigkeit, LCF und Rißfortschritt.
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  • 144
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: An Improved Method for the Evaluation of Staircase TestsThe assessment of the endurance limit by a time- and cost-saving methode - taking into account the mean, the scatter and the confidence limits - is an important engineering challenge. Among the many methods used up to now, only the staircase method developed by Dixon and Mood in 1948 specifies the confidence limits of the mean and standard deviation.Based on certain considerations it has to be doubted, however, wether the method of Dixon and Mood evaluating the “less frequent occurrence: failures or runouts” gives reliable estimates and confidence limits.Using a large numer of staircase tests, randomly computer-generated by way of the Monte Carlo-method, the evaluation method of Dixon and Mood was examined. An important result was that the estimate of the standard deviation is always too small and the use of the “less frequent occurrence” does not result in optimum confidence limits. The method was therefore improved considering all accurrences: failures and runouts in the evaluation.The new method for the evaluation of the estimate of means, standard deviations and their confidence limits is outlined. Moreover, an optimum way to plan staircase tests is explained. Finally a practical application of the new method is presented.
    Notes: Eine zeitsparende und kostengünstige Ermittlung des Übergangsgebietes ist nach wie vor ein bedeutendes technisches Problem, sollen Mittelwert, Streuung und Vertrauensgrenzen in die Auswertung mit einbezogen werden. Unter den vielen Methoden, die dafür verwendet werden, macht allein das von Dixon und Mood im Jahre 1948 entwickelte Treppenstufenverfahren Angaben über die Vertrauensgrenzen von Mittelwert und Standardabweichungen.Aufgrund bestimmter Überlegungen muß jedoch bezweifelt werden, ob die von Dixon und Mood vorgeschlagene Methode der Auswertung des „weniger oft eintretenden Ereignisses: Brüche oder Durchläufer“ optimale und richtige Schätzwerte und Vertrauensgrenzen ergibt.Durch Treppenstufen-Reihen, die auf dem Rechner in der Art der Monte Carlo-Methode in großer Zahl erzeugt wurden, konnte die Auswertemethode von Dixon und Mood überprüft werden. Dabei stellte sich u. a. heraus, daß der Schätzwert für die Standardabweichung stets zu klein ausfällt und die Verwendung des „weniger oft eingetretenen Ereignisses“ keine optimalen Vertrauensgrenzen erwarten läßt. Das Verfahren wurde daher umgestellt auf die Auswertung sämtlicher Ereignisse.Die neue Auswertemethode zur Ermittlung der Schätzwerte für Mittelwert, Standardabweichung und zugehörige Vertrauensgrenzen wird dargelegt. Weiterhin werden dem Anwender Hinweise für einen optimalen Versuchsansatz gegeben und der Ablauf einer Dauerfestigkeitsabschätzung anhand eines praxisnahen Beispiels erläutert.
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  • 145
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 146
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 47-48 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High performance thin-layer chromatography ; HPTLC bonded phases ; Cyanoalkyl-bonded phase ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 49-50 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer displacement chromatography ; Carrier displacement ; Deprenyl metabolites ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 50-50 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 149
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 101-103 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; GC/MS ; Drugs of abuse ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 150
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 104-105 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary columns, glass ; All-glass joints ; Jig greatly simplifies working ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 151
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 109-112 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 152
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 106-107 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC ; Column packing ; Column coupling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 153
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 107-108 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Columns ; Effciency ; Relaxation time ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 154
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 112-112 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 155
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 133-139 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Advantages of very thick coatings ; Separation efficiency correlated with film thickness ; Preparation of columns with very thick coatings ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It has become common practice with capillary columns to call film thicknesses of 0.1 - 0.3 μm regular or standard, whereas 0.3 - 1.0 μm is considered to denote thick films. Consequently, films with thickness beyond 1μm (we have explored the range up to 8.0 μm) may be termed very thick. Increasing film thickness, at least to about 5 μm, brings important additionl advantages primarily in terms of loading capacity. Columns with very thick coatings may replace the traditional SCOT columns thanks to at least equivalent loading capacity combined with higher separation efficiency, and better stability characteristics. Additional advantages are increased retention, essential for the analysis of very volatile substances, and increased elution temperature, providing a basis for direct water injection.We observe that TZ (the separation number) drops to roughly 50% when the film thickness is increased by a factor of 300 from 0.025 to 8.0 μm, provided TZ is measured with a standard flow of hydrogen. The reduction is only 30% when the thick-film colums are run with individual optimization with nitrogen as a carrier gas. In contrast to standard columns, very thickly coated columns show slightly increased separation efficiency with nitrogen at drastically reduced flow rate. The HETP increases very slightly in the indicated range of flim thickness. This contradicts widespread theoretical expectations, which probably account for the fact that very thick coatings have so far been neglected. Since the preparation of very thick coatings involves some deviations from the standard procedure, complete and detailed instructions are given.
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  • 156
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 153-155 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Immobilization of moderately polar phases ; Combination of surface bonding and crosslinking ; Vinyl groups in the support surface ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 157
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 158-160 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Reverse phase ; N-Trinitrophenyl derivatives ; Quantitative analysis, reproducibility ; Amino acids ; Peptides ; Protein hydrolyzates ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 161-166 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 159
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 166-166 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 160
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 178-184 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Regular GC equipment ; CO2 as a carrier; FID ; On-column sampling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Since capillary columns with well immobilized stationary phases are expected to withstand contact with supercritical fluids, we wished to study their amenability to SFC. Simultaneously, we wished to learn how far SFC can be accomplished with the ordianary tools of capillary GC.The study demonstrates that truly supercritical, not just relatively high, pressure is required to ensure the typical effects of SFC. Results obtained with sub-and supercritical pressure are compared and discussed. A comprehenshive study of the parameters permitting SFC with capillary GC equipment showed a clear preference for CO2 as a carrier, FID detection, and oncolumn sampling. While no additional equipment is required, a critical feature is the flow restrictor to be mounted on the end of the column. The production and properties of this restrictor are discussed in detail. It is reasonable to hope that SFC with 0.1 mm id capillary columns can be realized in the pressure range of 100-150 bar, where substances which cannot be eluted from a capillary colum under GC donditions are expected to be analyzed.
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  • 161
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Automated analysis ; Solvent vapor ; Gas sampling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Solvent vapors in air may be measured with capillary gas chromatographic columns. By using large diameter columns and sample loops of approximately the same internal diameter, the column may be connected directly to the gas sampling valve. This approach eliminates the use of a splitter or cryogenic trapping and allows low levels to be measured. By operating the column at high velocity, column efficiency is sacrificed for increase in speed.
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  • 162
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 232-235 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Inlets ; Solvent effect ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 163
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Dynamic versus static leaching ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is well known that removal of metal ions from the glass surface greatly improves both the thermal stability and the adsorption characteristics of glass capillary columns. Usually metal ions are removed from a glass surface by acid leaching; in particular, the static leaching procedure with hydrochloric acid is used very often for the preparation of glass capillary columns. This paper discusses the results of an investigation into dynamic leaching. Special attention is paid to those factors which affect the adsorption properties of the leached surface. The importance of the non-specific adsorptivity of the capillary surface due to changes of surface properties induced by the leaching process is pointed out.
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  • 164
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 281-282 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Si-OR, bonded stationary phase ; Change of physical state ; Retention mechanism ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 165
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 292-299 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary columns ; GC/MS/DS ; Cryotrapping of organics ; Cryofocusing of organics ; Trace organic analysis ; Priority pollutants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A 30 m, 0.25 mm ID, fused silica capillary column at temperatures from -60 to -100°C has been shown to be a quantitative trap for organic compounds with volatilities ranging from that of 1, 1 -dichloroethene that of chlorobenzene. This type of “whole column cryotrapping” provided sharp peaks (peak width approximately 4-7 seconds) for all compounds at a trapping temperature of -80°C and with high carrier gas pressures and linear velocities (30 psi and 110 cm/s, respectively). Whole column cryotrapping possesses great simplicity, chromatographic efficiency (no trapping loop connections), and a built-in indicator of quality assurance for trapping efficiency (i.e., peak shape). These advantages are extremely attractive and are indicative of the fact that the potential of this approach has not yet been fully appreciated.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 386-387 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; On column injection ; Movable injector ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 388-389 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary micro-packed columns ; Separation characteristics ; Application ; Separation of hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 444-445 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Open-tubular columns ; Reduced diameter ; High pressure ; Coating reservoir ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 169
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 448-450 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Solute focussing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 170
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin layer chromatography, TLC ; Quantitation by TLC scanner ; Detection mode, fluorescence quenching ; Precision 1.8%, accuracy 2.7% ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 171
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 451-451 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High performance liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Electron-capture detector, ECD ; Extra-column broadening, ECB ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 172
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 452-453 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Fatty acid anilides ; Contaminated cooking oils ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 173
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 454-455 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 174
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 175
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 456-456 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 176
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 561-563 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary ; On-column injection ; Rotary valve ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 177
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 564-565 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Splitless injection ; Trace analysis ; EPA phenols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 178
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 584-584 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 179
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 180
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 106-108 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 181
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 182
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A42 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 183
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 130-135 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Description of the Bauschinger-EffectThis paper uses as a starting point the plastic potential for anisotrop solids. A translation tensor corresponding to residual stresses describes the Bauschinger-phenomenon. For the uniaxial stress state a relationship is formulated between the amount of pre-strain, permanent strain and the Bauschinger-stress. It is shwon that the theory agrees satisfactorily with experimental results.
    Notes: Ausgehend vom plastischen Potential für Anisotropie wird zur Beschreibung des Bauschinger-Effekts ein Translationstensor verwendet, der als Eigenspannungstensor identifiziert werden kann. Für den einachsigen Spannungszustand ist eine Beziehung zwischen Vorverformung, bleibender Verformung und der Bauschinger-Spannung formuliert. Die Theorie stimmt befriedigend mit experimentellen Ergebnissen überein.
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  • 184
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 64-69 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Plastic Properties of Silicon Single Crystals in Dependence of Temperature and Dislocation DensityThe yield strength of [111]-orientated silicon single crystals showed a logarithmic dependence on temperature. Theoretical calculations carried out by van Bueren predicted these relationships. However Haasen postulated and Siethoff obtained experimentally for silicon a power law dependence of yield strength on strain rate. This discrepance can be explained by differences in dislocation multiplication and dislocation glide processes in dislocation-free and dislocation-containing material for multiple slip.
    Notes: Die Untersuchungen an den [111]-orientierten Siliciumeinkristallen ergaben in Übereinstimmung mit dem Streckgrenzenmodell von van Bueren eine logarithmische Abhängigkeit der Streckgrenze von der Abgleitgeschwindigkeit und eine exponentielle von der Temperatur. Im Gegensatz dazu stehen die von Haasen postulierte und von Siethoff an Silicium bestätigte exponentielle Geschwindigkeitsabhängigkeit. Diese Diskrepanz läßt sich durch unterschiedliche Versetzungsmultiplikation und Versetzungswanderung in versetzungsfreiem und versetzungsbehaftetem Material unter Berücksichtigung der Mehrfachgleitung erklären.
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  • 185
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A36 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 186
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 109-115 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Shot Peening and Fatigue StrengthThe most important factors of shot peening treatments for steels are described and the structural changes occuring in the shot peened surface areas are discussed. Characteristic examples show how shot peening treatments are changing the surface topography, the workhardening and the residual stress state as well as the retained austenite content in the very surface and in subsurface areas. The consequences of those structural changes for the fatigue behavior are outlined. Thereby, the separate consideration of the materials states is useful: soft (hardness ≲ 250 HV), medium (hardness 350 to 500 HV) and hard (hardness ≳ 650 HV). In this way general valid indications are possible about those shot peening treatments which as a consequence of topographic, strain hardening and residual stress effects give the best fatigue behavior.
    Notes: Nach der Beschreibung wichtiger Kugelstrahlparameter werden die in der Oberfläche und in den oberflächennahen Bereichen gestrahlter Eisenbasiswerkstoffe auftretenden Zustandsänderungen erörtert. Anhand charakteristischer Beispiele wird gezeigt, wie sich neben der Oberflächentopographie die Verfestigungs- und Eigenspannungszustände sowie die Restaustenitgehalte nahe der Werkstoffoberfläche durch Strahlbehandlungen verändern lassen. Danach werden die Auswirkungen strahlbedingter Werkstoffveränderungen auf das Dauerschwingverhalten diskutiert. Dabei erweist es sich hinsichtlich der erzielbaren Wechselfestigkeitssteigerungen als zweckmäßig, weiche (〈 250 HV), mittelharte (350 HV bis 500 HV) und harte (≳ 650 HV) Werkstoffzustände getrennt zu betrachten. Auf diese Weise sind allgemeingültige Angaben über die Kugelstrahlbehandlungen möglich, die Kombinationen aus Topographie, Verfestigung und Eigenspannungen mit bestem Dauerschwingverhalten ergeben.
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  • 187
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 237-244 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Laser-Oberflächenumschmelzen von Gußeisen mit unterkühltem GraphitAn einer Gußeisenlegierung 3% C, 2% Si und 0,25% Ti mit unterkühltem Graphit wurden Laserumschmelzversuche mit unterschiedlichen Leistungsdichten und Einwirkzeiten durchgeführt. Die sich ergebenden charakteristischen Gefüge nach dem Umschmelzen und verschiedenen Wärmebehandlungszuständen werden beschrieben, ebenso wie die erzielbaren Härtesteigerungen. Beispielhaft wird aufgezeigt, in welcher Weise die Abschreckgeschwindigkeiten und die Konzentration das Erstarrungsverhalten hochkohlenstoffhaltiger Gußeisenlegierungen modifizieren können. Die gewählte Zusammensetzung des Gußeisens besitzt Modellcharakter und kann für viele Gußeisenlegierungen als repräsentativ angesehen werden.
    Notes: Laser surface melting experiments were carried out on an alloy cast iron with 3% C, 2% Si and 0.25% Ti containing undercooled graphite. Different heating times and energy densities were used to achieve different penetration depths and cooling rates. The microstructures obtained after surface melting and after various heat treatments are presented and discussed. It is shown how the cooling rate and concentration influence the solidification behaviour of high carbon cast irons. The composition chosen for the experiments can be considered as representative of many cast irons.
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  • 188
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 257-263 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Metallurgical Aspects of Laser CuttingIn this paper the possibilities of laser cutting and the microstructural changes it causes in the material are discussed. It is shown which cutting speeds can be used for different sheet thicknesses and how this changes the surface roughness and hardness. The influence of laser power and cutting gas pressure (oxygen) is demonstrated. Examples are given of low alloy carbon steels, high alloyed austenitic, ferritic and martensitic steels.
    Notes: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird gezeigt, welche Möglichkeiten das technische Schneiden mit Lasern heute bietet und welche Änderungen der Schneidvorgang im Werkstoff hervorruft. Es wird gezeigt, bei welchen Geschwindigkeiten Bleche unterschiedlicher Stärke geschnitten werden können und welchen Einfluß dies auf Rauhigkeit und Härte ausübt. Beispielhaft wird der Einfluß der Laserleistung und des O2 Schneidgasdruckes aufgezeigt. Untersucht wurden sowohl niedrig legierte Kohlenstoffstähle als auch hochlegierte austenitische, ferritische und martensitische Stähle.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 189
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 284-288 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fracture of Tempered and Cold Drawn Steel in Equilibrium with Compressed HydrogenTensile specimens are surface activated and stored in compressed hydrogen until equilibrium is attained. Charged and uncharged reference specimens are tested in air and in compressed hydrogen. The embrittlement of colddrawn steel (plenty of traps) is independent of strain rate and is caused mainly by the prior charging. Tempered steel (fewer traps) is not embrittled by charged hydrogen but by the effect of external hydrogen during the test. The degree of embrittlement decreases with increasing strain rate. In all cases of embrittlement there is in addition a strong notch sensitivity.
    Notes: Zugproben werden oberflächenaktiviert und solange in komprimiertem Wasserstoffgas gelagert, bis sich Gleichgewicht eingestellt hat. Beladene und unbeladene Proben werden an Luft und in komprimiertem Wasserstoff zerrissen. Die Versprödung der fallenreichen kaltgezogenen Proben ist kaum von der Verformungsgeschwindigkeit abhängig und beruht hauptsächlich auf der vorherigen Beladung. Die fallenarmen vergüteten Proben verspröden nicht durch vorherige Beladung sondern durch den Wasserstoff, der während des Zugversuches einwirkt. Diese Versprödung wird mit wachsender Verformungsgeschwindigkeit geringer. Zusammen mit der Wasserstoffversprödung tritt in beiden Fällen starke Kerbempfindlichkeit auf.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A122 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. A123 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 36-37 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Cryogenic focusing ; On-column, pre-column trapping ; Volatile aroma compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 20-26 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Reversed-phase mode liquid chromatography ; Rekker's hydrophobic fragmental constant ; Calculation of concentration of organic modifier ; Prediction of retention time of phenols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chromatographic behavior of phenols in reversed-phase mode liquid chromatography differs from that of non-ionic compounds such as alkyl alcohols, alkylbenzenes, halogenated benzenes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and aromatic acids. Therefore, the retention times of 61 phenols were measured in a system of an octadecyl bonded silica gel and acetonitrile/water mixtures. The logarithm of the capacity ratio (log k') was found to be a linear function of the hydrophobicity (log P) in acidic acetonitrile/water mixtures. This result was applied to a different octadecyl bonded silica gel. Eight phenols were selected as standard compounds, and their log k' values were measured in 0.05 M phosphoric acid in 10 to 90% acetonitrile/water mixtures. An empirical polynomial relation was obtained between the concentration of acetonitrile and the slope of the log k' vs log P curve. Finally the capacity ratio of all phenols were calculated in given eluents by the equations derived from the measurements of standard compounds and the calculated log P values. The difference between predicted capacity ratios and measured ones was within 10%.
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  • 195
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 42-44 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Mg(NO3)2 .6H2O as stationary phase ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 60-63 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Cold silanization ; Medium polarity columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Silane-coupling agents, commonly used for fiberglass reinforced plastics (FRP), were applied for deactivation of silanol sites in glass capillary columns prior to coating with mediumpolarity phases such as Carbowax and Superox. The columns, prepared in a two-stage process in the case of glass (acidic leaching and drying, dynamic cold silanization followed by static coating with the phase) or a one stage process in the case of fused silica, gave the best results when deactivation and hence wettability were induced by glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane.
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  • 197
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 72-76 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ; Capillary column, fused silica ; Long term precision ; Pollutant analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A test mixture containing 28 compounds plus their stable isotopically labeled analogs was analyzed on a daily basis for one month during a series of routine fused silica capillary column GC/MS analyses in order to establish the precision with which retention times and responses were produced. These long-term precision data were evaluated to determine how to best predict retention times and how to best reproduce quantification. Results clearly indicate that relative retention times should be calculated using the reference compound eluted most closely to the target compound and that quantification should be based on relative response using a chemically “similar” compound.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 68-71 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ; Capillary, fused silica ; Negative ion ; Femtogram sensitivity ; Nitroglycerin ; Organic nitrates ; Dinitroglycerin ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Recent developments in the use of negative ion detection in GC-MS have indicated the potential for highly sensitive analyses for certain compounds. This paper describes the application of the techniques to the assay of Nitroglycerin and its metabolites yielding sensitivity to two femtograms. Because of the low levels of nitroglycerin in biological media such sensitivity is highly desirable if not essential for meaningful measurements. In addition to sensitivity the method is shown to yield extremely good selectivity contributing further to the credibility of quantitative results.
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  • 199
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 77-81 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High performance thin-layer chromatography, HPTLC ; Fluorescence quantitation ; Scanning densitomery ; Resolution ; Signal-to-noise ratio ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conditions for maximizing resolution and signal-to-noise ratios in fluorescence scanning densitometry of separations obtained by high performance thin-layer chromatography are described. Resolution was found to be independent of most instrument parameters with a small decrease observed at wide slit widths. Signal was found to be markedly dependent on experimental parameters such as slit width, slit height, sensitivity setting, and the time constant of electronic filters. For recording chromatograms a slit width of 1.00 mm, a slit height slightly greater than the spot diameter, a low sensitivity setting (50 mV), electronic filtering, and a scan rate of 24 or 48 mm min-1 are commensurate with minimum recording time and maximum sample detectability without incurring a significant decrease in resolution.
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  • 200
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 82-88 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography, TLC ; Resolution ; Optimization ; Development distance ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Theoretical equations are given to relate resolution with development distance. Comparative experiments undertaken with quaternary ammonium compounds as test substances and using a selection of basic drugs are presented. As expected, resolution decreases with shorter development distance. However, this effect is less pronounced for compounds with small Rf values and when the spot size at the starting point is kept small. It was also shown that, for correctly assessing resolution in relation to development distance, the amounts of material spotted have to be decreased for shorter development distances.
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