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  • 1985-1989  (343)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1987  (343)
  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics  (275)
  • Gas chromatography
  • Nuclear reactions
  • Physics
Material
Years
  • 1985-1989  (343)
  • 1980-1984
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Trees 1 (1987), S. 94-101 
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Monoterpenes ; Abies alba Mill ; Resin ; Seeds ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Using gas-chromatographic methods, the variability of the contents of monoterpene hydrocarbons (α-pinene, β-pinene, Δ3carene and limonene) in the resin of silver fir seeds (Abies alba Mill.) was studied. Resin cavities were characterized according to their position on the seed surface. It was estabilished that the terpene content of the resin of cavities localized on the abaxialadaxial surfaces of the seed differs significantly, creating a gradient of resin composition around the circumference of the seed. The differences between various resin cavities of single seeds were greater than the differences between different seeds of a single cone and between seeds of various cones on a single tree. An accurate definition of the resin cavity location on the seeds appears to be a fundamental condition for the collection of a sample representing the resin composition of individual trees. Resin biosynthesis in the course of organogenesis and the control of terpene contents in the resin of various locations on the seed and the cone are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Bile acids ; Gas chromatography ; Peroxisomal disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Six patients with disorders of peroxisomal function have been studied. Two presented in the neonatal period with the classical features of the Zellweger syndrome, two had incomplete Zellweger phenotypes, one infantile Refsum's disease and one rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata. Plasma bile acid profiles were determined using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In all patients, except the case of chondrodysplasia punctata, 27-carbon and 29-carbon bile acids were present. The compounds identified included trihydroxycoprostanic acid (THCA), dihydroxycoprostanic acid (DHCA), C24-, C25- and C26-hydroxylated derivatives of THCA, a 27-carbon acid with four nuclear hydroxy groups and 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-27a,27b-dihomo-5β-cholestan-26, 27b-dioic acid (C29-dicarboxylic acid). THCA was present at a low concentration in the patient with infantile Refsum's disease; the concentration of DHCA and the C29 dicarboxylic acid were considerably higher. The presence of abnormal bile acids in patients with Zellweger syndrome and infantile Refsum's disease could be explained by the absence of peroxisomes from their hepatocytes. In chondrodysplasia punctata the cause of peroxisomal dysfunction must be different, since normal bile acid synthesis is preserved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome ; Alpha-tocopherol ; Alpha-tocopherolquinone ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Serum levels of tocopherols were measured in 5 healthy volunteers and in 14 patients with acute respiratory failure before and after onset of high-dose enteral vitamin E administration. The initial alphatocopherol levels did not differ between both groups (12.1±2.7 μg/ml in the volunteers and 11.3±3.5 μg/ml in the patient; mean±SD). After oral administration of 1 g d,l-alpha-tocopherylacetate per day the serum levels more than doubled within 1 day and reached a plateau between 22 and 30 μg/ml after 3 days in the volunteers. In contrast, application of even 3 g vitamin E/day by gastric tube in the patients with respiratory failure caused only a delayed increase of the serum levels with values nearly doubling after 5–10 days (6 patients), or there was no increase at all (8 patients). Serum alpha-tocopherol did not rise in patients without accompanying highmolecular weight formula diet and in patients with prolonged hemodynamic insufficiency and metabolic acidosis. The age of the patients, the fact of severe blood losses, hemodialysis and hemofiltration and the final out-come of death or survival appeared to be without influence on the response to enteral vitamin application. Neither in the volunteers nor in the patients with acute respiratory failure were there any detectable amounts of beta-, gamma- or delta-tocopherol or of alphatocopherolquinone or alpha-tocotrienol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Propyl esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The direct esterification and gas chromatographic analysis of aromatic carboxylic acids as n-propyl esters is described. Derivatization is performed in aqueous solution with n-propanol in the presence of sulfuric acid. The n-propyl esters of benzoic, phthalic, trimellitic and pyromellitic acids permit their gas chromatographic separation from each other and from fatty acids and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids. At mode ratios of [H2O]/[n-PrOH]≤0.03 the water present does not interfere with the esterification reaction. At mole ratios above 0.03 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for binding the water, at mole ratios of [Na2SO4anh.]/[H2O]=0.51–1.52 and of [H2SO4]/[Na2SO4anh.]=0.43–1.28, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 790-795 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns in series ; Variable polarity columns ; Essential oils analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary By connecting capillary columns of different polarity in series and by changing the temperature program gradient, a system of variable polarity is obtained. The working conditions can be adjusted to optimize separations of complex mixtures. Application to the analysis of essential oils of: lavender, thyme, lemon petit grain, bergamot, and tangerine, are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Aqueous samples ; Direct injection ; Traces of ketones and halogenated hydrocarbons ; Environmental analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Procedures for the quantitative analysis of industrial effluents which involve concentration by solvent extraction or the purge-and-trap method are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to error. Direct aqueous injection gas chromatography using an electron-capture detector for the analysis of volatile halocarbons at the ppb level is in routine use in many laboratories. We now discuss the development of a similar protocol for the analysis of volatile polar organics such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and tretrahydrofuran using a flame-ionization detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Backflushing, peak-cutting technique ; Trace analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A backflusing, peak-cutting method was developed for the analysis of trace components present in the tail of a major component peak. Using a helium-ionization detector, the minimum detectable concentration (MDC) was: oxygen in hydrogen, 0.5ppm; nitrogen in oxygen or argon, 1ppm; and methane and carbon monoxide in nitrogen, 1ppm. The corresponding MDC values for the conventional single-column method were 7.2ppm, 8.3ppm, and 14 and 5ppm, respectively. Equations used to predict the retention time are given. The accuracy of the predicted retention time is about two percent compared to experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; FT-IR detection ; γ- and δ-Haloesters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The decomposition of γ- and δ-haloesters has previously been observed to take place within a commercial GC/FT-IR light-pipe system. Using a home-built light-pipe interface, an analysis of this same class of compounds was conducted from which the source of the decomposition was determined to be a brass fitting central to the commercial system's assembly. It is proposed that the reaction is due to a weakening of the carbon-halogen bond by metal interaction thereby allowing lactonization to occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 50-52 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Retention indices ; C6 alkanols ; OV-101 ; Carbowax 20M
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Gas chromatographic retention indices for 16 C6 alkanols measured on capillary columns coated with OV-101 methylsilicone and Carbowax 20M propylethyleneglycol liquid phases at 80° and 90°C were determined. The respective standard deviation values were 0.5 and 0.8 i.u. The correlation between the retention indices measured on non-polar and polar stationary phases and the boiling points of the alkanols was studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 53-54 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Dual-column system ; Thermal conductivity detector ; Anesthetic gas mixtures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A simple dual-column system with a thermal conductivity detector is described, that can be used for the quantitative analysis of anesthetic gas mixtures of halothane (2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane), nitrous oxide and oxygen. The separation was performed on a Carbopack (SP 1000) column and a Porapak Q column arranged in series across the detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 818-824 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Selective sampling ; On-line fractionation ; Essential oil analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The paper describes the possibilities of on-line selective sampling as an on-line fraction technique for the analysis of essential oils. Selective sampling is a micro-separation method, on-line with on-column injection, carried out directly in the syringe body by means of a selective elution of the sample through a fraction cartridge. The paper reports a method of both preparing and standardizing silica gel cartridges, and illustrates through some examples the results of some elution series of solvents on different essential oils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Organic pollutants determination ; Gas chromatography ; Thermal desorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The problem of the separation of 34 volatile organic chlorinated compounds is solved by using three different GC columns selected according to the needs of the particular separation required. The effect of water vapor contained as moisture in the trapped air on the retention of some characteristic compounds is studied. The influence of dead volumes on trap injection is also studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 888-892 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Calculation of temperature programmed ; Retention indices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A new method is presented for the calculation of the retention indices under linear temperature programming with or without an initial isothermal period. The data calculated by the method are in good agreement with the isothermal retention indices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 169-170 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Packed column ; Immobilized silicone stationary phases ; Ozonization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Immobilization of silicone stationary phases, OV-1701 vinyl and OV-225 vinyl, on Chromosorb W-AW support was achieved in a simple procedure using ozone as an initiator. A column efficiency of 2400 theoretical plates/meter was obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 195-198 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Structure-retention relationships ; Polarity parameters ; Retention index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The possibility of evaluation of the parameters representing the dispersive solute-solvent interactions is presented. BN and Bs values can be used to describe the liquid phase polarity and to predict the retention indices of alcohols when the model polyxyethylene glycol dialkyl ethers and their sulphur analogs are used as stationary phases. The possibility of the first ionization potentials estimation is also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 240-242 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Stillingia oil ; Quantitative lipid analysis ; Chinese tallow,Sapium sebiferum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Contemporary stillingia oil from China is qualitatively similar to the oil described earlier, but it exhibits significant quantitative differences reflecting a degree of autoxidation of the unsaturated fatty acids either before or after crushing of the seeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Chemically bonded phases ; Specific interactions ; Chloroderivatives of alkanes and alkenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Interactions of Cu(II) complexes chemically bonded to the surface of silica with chloro-derivatives of alkanes and alkenes were investigated. It was found that chlorine as a substituent exerts a considerable influence on the retention of the individual chloro-derivatives. In the case of chloroalkenes this influence is negative while in the case of chloroalkanes it is positive. The magnitude of the observed effect depends on the number of substituents and on the way of their distribution within the molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 286-288 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Macroporous copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl ; methacrylate ; Graft polymers ; Polar sorbent for gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The gas chromatographic behaviour of crosslinked macroporous 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate grafted with 2-methyloxazoline was investigated and the range of applicability of the copolymer was assessed. Retention index values were measured on this copolymer and compared with those obtained on the terpolymer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-ethylene dimethacrylate-acrylonitrile. Rohrschneider constants and efficiency data for selected sorbates are given. The use of this type of polymer in the separation of various types of compounds is documented by various examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 423-426 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Complexation ; Mercaptosilane chemically bonded phase ; Transition metal complexes ; Olefinic π-complexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A column packing containing thiol groups chemically bonded to the silica surface was synthesized. The thiol functional groups were used as ligands capable of forming stable complexes with Cu(II). The prepared material was characterized by gas chromatography using unsaturated linear and branched hydrocarbons as well as cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The occurrence of specific metal—olefin interactions resulting from the formation of π-complexes during the chromatographic process was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 499-501 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Packed+capillary GC switching system ; Precolumn construction, oven and connector
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The constractional details of precolumns, its oven and connector have been given with two types of multiflow control modules. Two types of phases made in China, a silanized pellicular beads and a non silanized pellicular silica beads, with an optimum particle size of 20μm to 30μm were packed in the precolumn 20mm in length with the column efficiency of 4620 plates/meter at column temperature of 49°C. A 25m×0.22mm i.d. capillary column coated with bonded methylsilicone phase from Chrompack connected with the precolumn (250°C) has an efficiency of 5376 plates/meter for n-octane. But it decreased to 3149 plates/meter by decreasing the precolumn temperature to 130°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 1 (1987), S. 157-173 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Simplex ; Barycentric co-ordinates ; Discriminant analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper proposes an elegant, yet straightforward, model for classifying linear mixtures. A linear mixture is defined as a random vector y in which the variable are a (non-negative) weighted average of corresponding variables, assumed to characterize g component groups. These weights are referred to as ‘mixing proportions’. The model seeks to identify the mixture constituents and estimate the mixing proportions. It is demonstrated within the context of high resolution gas chromatography and the problem of identifying the constituents in polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 158-159 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Silylation ; Critical surface tension ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 156-157 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) joints ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 213-214 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Cryogenic trapping ; NMR analysis ; Flavor and aroma analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 273-279 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; High speed capillary GC ; Sample introduction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The speed of analysis in capillary gas chromatography can be substantially increased by reduction of the column inner diameter. However, special demands are then posed upon instrumental design. In particular, the sampling system is highly critical because it has to be capable of delivering extremely small injection band widths which must be compatible with the column inside diameter. This study focuses on the evaluation of two potentially suitable sample introduction systems with respect to input band width and detection limits and their compatibility with small bore (≦ 100 μm) columns in capillary gas chromatography. One of them allows liquid on-column injection, based on liquid splitting, of only a few nl onto small bore (≦ 100 ◂m) fused silica columns. For gases, input band widths as low as 1 ms are obtained with this system. The other one is part of a miniaturized gas chromatograph with extremely low dead volume interfaces and detector volumes. It allows input band widths for gases of a few ms. Without any preconcentration ppm concentrations are measured in gaseous samples with a 80 ◂m thick film capillary column. It will be shown that a further reduction of the minimum detectable amount and analysis time is possible with this equipment.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 369-370 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Cryogenic effluent trap ; Odor evaluation ; Aroma fractions ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 392-397 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; FID signals ; Signal handling ; Signal enhancing ; Data acquisition ; Smoothing filtering correlation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The performances of some numerical methods to improve the signal to noise ratio are compared and applied to enhance noisy signals obtained in gas chromatography with capillary columns and a flame Ionization detector. Several methods have been considered: cutoffs In the Fourier transform of the recorded signal; real time numerical filtering; theoretical model curve fitting; and the correlation of a chromatogram recorded from a pseudorandomly injected sample with the pseudorandom injection function. Numerical real time filtering is shown to be the most convenient method when the main periodic component of the noise has been determined by Fourier analysis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 28
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Capillary GC ; Fused silica GC ; Nitro-PAHs ; Aminonitropyrene ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Trace analysis ; Gas chromatography ; Solvent effect ; Inlet ; Injector ; Sampling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A sampling system for high resolution gas-liquid chromatography, based on the dynamic solvent effect, is described. Volatiles are accumulated off-line in a concentrator/injector and delivered to the column using an on-line inlet. Volatiles may be accumulated from gaseous or liquid matrices; they may be transferred to these by gas sparging or solvent extraction of any type of sample. The sampling technique is quantitatively precise; e.g. coefficients of variation of peak percentage areas better than 5% for a range of solutes at a concentration of 2:107. Examples of the application of the sampling system are presented.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 383-387 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Wide bore glass capillary ; Fused-silica capillary ; Component discrimination ; Butt connectors ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A procedure is described in which a wide bore capillary column is used as an alternative to the more traditional packed column for the quantitative analysis of amino acids as their N-heptafluorobutyryl isobutyl ester (HBB) derivatives. The column, installed in a gas chromatograph previously configured for use with a packed column, is shown to give good reproducibility by repeated determination of amino acid response factors (RSD values for all amino acids are below 3%). A number of problems, encountered during the use of this column, are discussed and suitable techniques to overcome them are reported.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 409-410 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary GC ; Mass spectrometry ; Purge and trap ; Purge with whole column cryotrapping ; Whole column cryotrapping ; Purgeable compound determination ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 461-463 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Mono and polycyclic olefins ; Retention index data ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 479-480 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Megabore columns ; Simulated distillation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 522-523 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Volatile fatty acids ; tert-Butyldimethylsilyl esters ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 573-575 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Cryogenic cooling ; Volatile aromatics ; Water removal ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 594-597 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary ; Mass spectrometry ; Ion monitoring ; Wax esters ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for the determination of the acid and alcohol moieties in long chain wax esters. The co-eluting esters are differentiated by means of CGC-MS operating in the ion monitoring mode. The technique allows to detect ester components present in very low amounts in plant surface waxes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 37
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 603-606 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Temperature-programmed retention indices ; Sample size ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of the solute sample size on the measurement of temperature-programmed retention indices (ITP) has been studied on glass capillary columns with different stationary phases, film thicknesses, and temperature programs. The sample capacity of a solute is little affected by the parameters of temperature program, i. e. initial temperature and heating rate. However, it has been found that in a temperature programmed run, allowable sample sizes for high ITP values are lower than for low ITP values. About 10 ng of each compound is recommended as the sample size for accurate measurement of ITP values on commonly used capillary columns.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 38
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 620-622 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary GC ; Fused silica ; Wide-bore ; Direct flash vaporization ; Chlorinated pesticides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Capillary GC ; Fused silica GC ; Nitro-PAHs ; Air particulate matter ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper describes the use of high resolution capillary gas chromatography combined with negative ion atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (NIAPIMS) for the analysis of an air particulate extract for mononitropyrenes and mononitrofluoranthenes, some of which are powerful bacterial mutagens. The results are compared to those obtained by the electron impact mass spectrometric analysis of the same sample In addition, the NIAPIMS method confirmed the identification of 4-nitropyrene in the ambient air sample.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 40
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 647-649 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns, fused silica ; Priority pollutant phenols ; Internal standard quantitation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Priority pollutant phenols are determined by gas chromatography on an SE-30 WCOT column using hydrogen carrier and flame ionization detection with dual internal standards. Linear responses over ranges ca. 12-125 ng per component are achieved and detection limits at or below 1 ng are obtained. Carrier flow and temperature program are optimized to maintain baseline resolution while affording an analysis time of less than 15 minutes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 41
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns, glass ; Polyalkyleneglycol ether phases ; Inert columns ; Immobilization by condensation ; Methyltrimethoxysilane, coupling agent ; Trifluoroacetic acid, catalyst ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using UCON 50 HB-5100, one of the most successful stationary phases in capillary gas chromatography during the past decade, as an example, we wish to redirect attention to the excellent properties of the polyethylene/polypropyleneglycol ether copolymer coatings. Based on experience gained in work with OH-terminated polysiloxanes, a method is described for preparing inert and relatively temperature stable chemically bonded and crosslinked coatings in a single working step. Methyltrimethoxysilane was used as coupling agent, and trifluoroacetic acid was introduced as an acidic catalyst. The reaction mechanisms involved as well as the influence of additional crosslinking on the column behavior are discussed, particularly with respect of the inertness of the coatings.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 42
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 97-99 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns glass ; Tetronic, stationary phase ; Inert column ; Irganox 1010 ; Antioxidant ; Catalyst ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 43
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 240-243 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns, coupled ; Heart cutting ; Multi-chromatography ; Wine analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Data about the existence of native HO—CH2—CH2—OH (MEG) in natural wines and champagne has led to delicate questions because of legal decisions already made to declare wine or champagne illegal for sale if the MEG concentrations found are above 10 mg/liter. Action has been taken because of the DEG (diethylene glycol) disaster in European wines of 1985…86. An incorrect legal decision was made due to the belief that MEG cannot be produced biochemically by grape vines. A further reason may be lack of correct data on native MEG trace concentrations, as a result of the special behavior of this diol. As first member of a homologous series whose higher members (C4) are normally found in all wines at quite high concentration levels, MEG shows extremely adsorptive behavior. The solution of the chromatographic problems is summarized in this paper. MEG concentrations in Riesling as example are in the range of 2 to 6 mg/liter and can easily be increased by biotechnological steps to a level of around 10 to 60 mg/liter. This is again due to the specific adsorptive behavior of MEG, which can be enriched on filter surfaces and displaced when the wine acidity changes with changing types. In order to control and guarantee the qualitative and quantitative results of MEG analyses we used a combination of Deans heart cutting on-line with Multi-Chromatography. It was easy to produce false data by many otherwise useful single column or two-dimensional separation processes, etc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 44
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 41-42 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; PCDD's ; PCDF's ; Adsorption phenomena ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 45
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 77-81 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Liquid crystalline stationary phases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Liquid crystalline polyacrylates (LCPAs) are evaluated as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography (CGC). Aromatic hydrocarbons as well as polar isomeric compounds are used as test solutes to compare the polarity of the LCPAs with a conventional polysiloxane column and a Carbowax 20M column. The relative polarity of the columns with respect to change in the lateral and terminal substituents is also discussed. Lateral substitution, polarity of the terminal group, together with the solute size, affect the LCPA selectivity.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 46
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 263-268 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillaries ; Automated cold on-column injection ; High oven temperature ; Lipid analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Modification of the Carlo-Erba cold on-column injector for (automated) analysis of high molecular compounds at high oven temperature is described. The secondary cooling tube of the cold on-column injector is replaced by a lengthened tube through which a high air flow is directed. The injection site is maintained at 65-70 °C while the oven is at high temperature (≷ 300 °C). For automated injection, a short deactivated precolumn of 22 to 30 cm × 0.53 mm i.d. is coupled to the analytical column via a butt connector with make-up gas supply. For a triglyceride mixture, automatically injected at 300 °C, the mean % deviation for all peak areas was 1.8% and the mean % deviation for all retention times was 0.09 % for five consecutive runs.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 47
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 288-296 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Universal sampling system ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The multipurpose cold injector described in this paper represents a solution for an universal sampling system for high resolution gas chromatography. The system is modular and is built around the Carlo Erba cold on-column injector provided with secondary cooling. An auxiliary module, easily fixable on the bottom of the on-column injector, creates a temperature programmable vaporizing chamber making the system also suitable for cold split-splitless injections or solvent venting prior to the sample transfer into the capillary. The system can be operated manually or in a fully automatic mode using the auto-sampler for cold on-column injections. The experimental data illustrate its benefits and limitations.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 48
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 670-671 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Retention index standards ; McReynolds phase constants ; Partial molar Gibbs free energy ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 49
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 128-136 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Coating of capillaries, static and dynamic ; Rayleigh instability ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The film of stationary phase on the wall of a capillary column and that of the phase solution during both static and dynamic coating is subject to Rayleigh instability, which is quite independent of so-called wettability. A theory is developed which shows that the logarithmic growth rate of Rayleigh instabilities is proportional to the surface tension and to the third power of the film thickness, and inversely to the viscosity and to the fourth power of the capillary diameter. Determination of the variation of the viscosities of stationary phase solutions with concentration in coating solvents, and the variation of the viscosities of neat stationary phases with temperature, both revealed that heating and/or diluting changed the viscosities of phases with π-electron-containing, groups much more than for polydimethylsiloxanes. Rayleigh instability is therefore more important during coating of phenyl-containing phases such as OV-17, and later during column operation. The efficiencies of capillary columns of different diameters coated with a number of phases under different conditions of temperature and coating rate, and then operated at different temperatures were in good agreement with the predictions of the theory.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 50
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 231-234 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Selectivity tuning ; Optimization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: While separations based on the use of stationary phases specifically designed to maximize solute alphas can, in the strictest sense, be precisely optimized only under specific isothermal conditions, the approach has previously been used even with temperature programmed separations. Selectivity can by further “tuned” by (1) differential variations in the carrier gas velocity through dissimilarly coated coupled columns, and (2) temperature variations in columns of at least moderate polarity. This paper explores the latter approach.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 51
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    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 3-6 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Allyl bonded phases ; Addition Reactions ; Synthesis of new bonded phases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The presence of the double bond on the allyl moiety has been utilized as a site for addition reactions which could produce new stationary phases. Bromination and hydrobromination reactions have been employed to prove the feasibility of making modifications to the allyl bonded phase. Both retention volumes and thermodynamic parameters for the solutes studied change upon conversion to one of the brominated phases. Sample size studies are consistent with a bonded phase adsorption mechanism. FTIR spectra also confirm the modifications which have occurred on the allyl bonded material.
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  • 52
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Carbohydrate TMS-ethers ; Tautomeric equilibrium mixtures of aldoses ; MS and NMR identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Equilibrium tautomers of aldopentoses (arabinose, ribose, xylose and lyxose) and aldohexones (allose, altrose, gulose, idose and talose) have been analyzed as their trimethyl-silyl ethers by capillary GC. Pentoses were separated on SE-54 and hexoses on OV-225. The four components of the tautomer equilibrium mixture have been identified using GC/MS and NMR data.
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  • 53
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    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 722-726 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Adsorbents for gas chromatography ; Strong adsorption sites ; Heterogeneity of silica surface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A simple gas chromatographic method is presented for the determination of the quantity of the strongest adsorption sites on an adsorbent's surface. The method consists of the blockage of the sites with quasi-irreversibly adsorbed, known amount of a strongly interacting compound and subsequent measuring of the retention of a hydrocarbon during the presence of the blocking compound in the column. Heterogeneity of chromatographic grade silicas is investigated with this method.
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  • 54
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Propyl esters of aliphatic hydroxy acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Aliphatic hydroxy acids were esterified in aqueous solution in the presence of different amounts of sulfuric acid. Esterification of lactic, tartronic, malic and citric acids in water/n-propanol mixtures with mole ratios between 0.03 and 2.15 can be utilized for the determination of these acids by gas chromatography. Water does not interfere at water/n-propanol mole ratios below 0.03. For mole ratios above 0.03 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for the binding of water. The mole ratio range was 0.24–2.13 for anhydrous sodium sulfate/water, and 0.16–1.28 for sulfuric acid/anhydrous sodium sulfate.
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  • 55
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Bonded silica ; Residual silanol groups
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Silanol groups of chromatographic material surfaces were determined by chemical reaction with methyl-lithium. Evolved methane was measured by a gas chromatographic method using a column packed with molecular sieves. This chromatographic technique leads to very reproducible results, particularly for the control of the hydroxylation of a silica gel and for the analysis of residual groups at the surface of bonded silica.
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  • 56
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    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 132-136 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Column liquid chromatography ; Thin-layer chromatography ; Analysis of lactulose in carbohydrate mixtures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Lactulose is a disaccharide with important implications in medicine, nutrition and dairy technology. It has to be determined usually as a minor component in complex matrices containing many other sugars. This paper describes the different chromatographic techniques (planar, liquid and gas chromatography) which have been proposed for the separation and quantification of lactulose in mixtures with other carbohydrates; the advantages of each technique are compared and some features where more research is necessary are outlined.
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  • 57
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    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 487-491 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Packed+capillary GC switching system ; Column efficiency utilization ratio ; New packed precolumn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary To match the need of high efficiency capillary column (plate number N2, Plate height H2 and carrier gas linear velocity U2), a new high efficiency packed column (N1, H1 and U1) at high carrier gas velocity with small capacity factor has been developed in the light of theoretical discussion of factors effecting the column efficiency utilization ratio.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Immobilized Carbowax-type stationary phases ; Free fatty acids analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Capillary columns coated with acid-modified poly-(ethylene glycol)-type immobilized stationary phases have been studied. The thermostability and chromatographic behaviour of the columns and the stability of the coated films after washing with different solvents were investigated.
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  • 59
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    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 215-219 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid chromatography ; Thermodynamic equilibria ; Solution and adsorption thermodynamics ; Gas adsorption isotherms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary After a brief recall of the chromatographic principles, the different applications of gas chromatographic measurements of thermodynamic equilibria were reviewed. Gas and liquid chromatographies are now well known and elegant methods for measuring the physicochemical properties and phase equilibrium thermodynamic constants. Although fundamentally a dynamical method and mostly known as a powerful separation technique, chromatography can be schematized by a sucession of equilbria of a chemical species partitioning between a mobile phase and a fixed liquid or solid stationary phase. It can be operated in either infinite dilution or finite concentration conditions and permits to collect a large number of data for calculating molecular interactions for solutes which are either rare or available at the trace level. Gas chromatography permits the measurement of gas adsorption isotherm, gas-liquid equilibria, molecular diffusion and interaction virials. The modelization of successive partition equuilibria occuring in the chromatographic column leads to rather simple expression of differential enthalpy, entropy, free energy of adsorption or solution, variation of heat capacity, complexation constant, second virial coefficients, gas-solid and gasliquid isotherm and also binary or ternary equilibria. The possibilities of High Performance-Liquid Chromatography to investigate adsorption from solutions and chemical equilibria are also discussed.
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  • 60
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    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 265-268 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Dicarboxylic acid analysis ; n-Propyl esters of C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids ; Esterification in aqueous solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids were esterified in aqueous solution in the presence of sulfuric acid. Esterification in water/n-propanol mixtures with mole ratios between 0.03 and 2.21 can be utilized for the quantitative determination of dicarboxylic acids by gas chromatography. The presence of water does not interfere at water/n-propanol mole ratios below 0.45. For mole ratios above 0.45 anhydrous sodium sulfate has been used for binding the water. The mole ratio range tested was 0.12–0.99 for anhydrous sodium sulfate/water, and 0.16–2.55 for sulfuric acid/anhydrous sodium sulfate.
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  • 61
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Nitrogen-specific detector ; Flash methylation ; Barbital and pentobarbital ; Blood analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A sensitive and simplified method is described for the determination of barbital (B) and pentobarbital (PB) in blood using gas chromatography with a nitrogen-specific flame ionization detector. After a simple one-step extraction, B and PB were reconstituted in trimethylanilinium hydroxide and introduced directly into the gas chromatograph. Lower limits of detection was 0.14 μg/ml for B and PB in either water or blood solutions. The recoveries for B from water and blood were 90 and 88%, respectively; for PB they were essentially complete. The average between-run and within-run coefficients of variation for B from water and blood were lower than 7.8%, whereas those of PB were lower than 3.0%. The scale and sensitivity of detection for B and PB were found to be suitable for use in pharmacokinetic studies in the rat.
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  • 62
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Prediction of retention volume ; Porous polymers coated with liquid phases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A new expression which permits the prediction of the net retention volumes in gas chromatography with column packings of coated porous polymers is reported. The porous polymers Chromosorb 101 and Chromosorb 102 were used as supports and squalane, Ethofat and Carbowax 20M as stationary phases at three different column temperatures of 80°C, 100°C and 150°C. Several organic compounds of various polarity were used as test compounds and the net retention volumes, VNtheor, have been calculated according to this new expression. The VNtheor values were compared with the experimental net retention volumes, VNexp, and it was found that the difference between these two values is dependent on the type of compound and column packing. Nevertheless, the elution order could be predicted in most cases.
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  • 63
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    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 492-498 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Packed+capillary GC switching system ; Accurate system quantitation ; Analysis of complex samples or dilute solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A packed column containing immobilized SE-54 liquid phase on pellicular silica beads ZIPAX and having a high efficiency and high mass transfer rate has been successfully used in a two-dimensional packed+capillary column system without a cold trap. The application of this system is demonstrated by the analysis of C6-C8 aromatic hydrocarbons and lowboiling hydrocarbons present in natural oils, and of highboiling components present in low concentrations in a low-boiling solvent.
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  • 64
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Alkylthiazoles ; Energy contributions of the alkyl groups ; Retention indices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Retention indices and their energy equivalents were determined for ten alkylthiazoles analysed on the stationary phases Apiezon L, Triton X-305 and Carbowax 1000. It was found that the energy contributions of identical alkyl groups to the partial molar free energy of sorption of a molecule are not equivalent. Smaller energy contribututions are due to the α-position of alkyl groups with respect to the heteroatoms in the thiazole ring (α-effect). This effect was most pronounced for 2-alkylthiazoles. Higher sorption energies were found for dimethylthiazoles with two methylgroups in a vicinal position. The retention indices were predicted for ten other di- and tri-substituted methyl, ethyl and propyl thiazoles on the basis of the so-called α- and ortho-effects. The predicted values are in good agreement with the experimentally determined values.
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  • 65
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fourier transform IR detection ; Headspace sampling ; Solvents of abuse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary After experimental intoxication of rats, gas chromatography — Fourier transform infrared spectrometry with headspace sampling (HS/GC/FT-IR) was used to identify solvents of abuse in biological material (blood, liver, lungs and brain). Limits of detection were measured for acetone, 2-butanone, ether, toluene and trichlorethylene with standard solutions. All the solvents have been identified in the organs of the intoxicated rats. For blood samples a salting-out effect was obtained with potassium carbonate. HS/GC/FT-IR allowed the identification of metabolites of acetone (isopropanol) and of 2-butanone (2-butanol) in blood and organs.
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  • 66
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Physico-chemical properties ; Retention indices ; Cycloolefins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The retention indices of mono and polycycloolefins with endo or exo double bonds, on squalane or polypropylenglycol 425 are related to their physico-chemical properties such as boiling point, molar volume, molar refraction, and refractive index. Equations have been empirically obtained, from which accurate retention indices of these compounds can be predicted. Unknown boiling points of some of these compounds can also be calculated from their lineal relation with the retention index on squalane.
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  • 67
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    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 839-843 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Stationary phases ; Porous polymer beads ; Polarity ; Adsorbents ; Breakthrough volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The breakthrough volume of ådsorbent traps made with porous polymer beads Porapak N, P. Q, R, S was evaluated by analysis of polarity reference substances proposed by Rohrschneider (ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, nitrometane, benzene, pyridine) by McReynolds (butanol, methyl propyl ketone) and of the first term of some homologous series: alcohols, aldehides, carboxilic acids, nitrocompounds, iodoalkanes and nitriles. Adjusted retention times of the compounds were measured at 200°C and correlated with the physical properties and with polarity class according to Ewell. Trapping efficiency of the various Porapak types was evaluated and the theoretical breakthrough volumes at 25°C was calculated for the used test substances.
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  • 68
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    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 850-855 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Bacterial cellular fatty acids ; Stationary phase selectivity ; Solid phase preseparation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The importance of selectivity in the capillary gas chromatographic analysis of the cellular fatty acids of micro-organisms is underestimated. The analysis on apolar silicone phases can lead to erratic elucidation of the fatty acid structure. Qualitative errors have been detected in commercially available standards on which computer matching identification techniques are based. Using highly polar capillary columns of the cyanopropyl silicone type, the errors could be elucidated. The exact identification of the hydrolysis products of bacteria is a must for chemotaxonomic studies applying chromatographic techniques. The fatty acid methyl ester profiles can also contain other chemical components which are very important taxonomic markers. Fatty aldehydes, for example, are main components in someClostridium species. Fractionation techniques are described for selective enrichment of fatty aldehydes and hydroxy fatty acids.
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  • 69
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 70
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 33-44 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The theory of MCSCF and CI energy derivatives with respect to geometrical variations is briefly reviewed with special attention given to the MCSCF and MRCI energy gradients. A computational procedure is proposed for MRCI energy gradients that does not require the solution to any “coupled-perturbed MCSCF” equations, it does not require any expensive direct-CI matrix-vector products involving derivative integrals, and it does not require any derivative integrals to be transformed from the AO basis to the MO basis. An additional feature is that it does not require any changes to existing MCSCF gradient evaluation programs in order to compute MRCI gradients. The only difference in the two cases is the exact nature of the data passed to the gradient evaluation program from the previous steps in the computational procedure. The additional effort required to compute the entire MRCI energy gradient vector is approximately that required for one additional iteration of the MRCI diagonalization procedure and for one additional MCSCF iteration. For large scale MRCI wave functions, the MRCI energy gradient evaluation should only require about 10% of the effort of computing the wave function itself. This computational procedure removes a major computational botleneck of potential energy surface evaluation.
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  • 71
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 65-71 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preliminary results are presented for transition probabilities in the H + H2 system derived from an adiabatic representation in terms of surface functions on hyperspheres. Special attention is given to the resonance structure for transition probabilities in the first vibrational level.
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  • 72
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 99-112 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Low-lying excitation energies from the ground state of Be were calculated using a basis set of 61 Cartesian Gaussian functions. Three approximations were employed: the time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF), second-order equations-of-motion (EOM), and multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree-Fock (MCTDHF). The TDHF excitation energies are 0.5-1.1 eV lower than experiment, and the EOM values are 0.3-1.2 eV lower than experiment, whereas the MCTDHF excitation energies deviate on the absolute average from experiment by only 0.03 eV. We found that in an MCTDHF calculation, any proper MCSCF stationary point is a good reference (i.e., initial) state, not just the ground state. Experimental values for oscillator strength are accurately known only for the 2s2X1S → 2s2p1P0 transition. The TDHF value and the MCTDHF value agree with experiment, but the EOM value does not. The agreement of the TDHF value with experiment seems to be coincidental, because for higher lying transitions the TDHF values differ by approximately a factor of two or more from the more accurate MCTDHF. Frequency independent polarizabilities, α(0), were also calculated with the TDHF, HRPA, and MCTDHF and frequency dependent polarizabilities, β(ω), were calculated with the MCTDHF. No experimental data for Be polarizabilities exist, but we expect the MCTDHF values to be among the most accurate calculations available.
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  • 73
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cellular spin resonance (CSR) or electrorotation is the spinning of cells or other particulate matter in rotating electric fields. The spin rate of the (bio)particle varies markedly with the applied frequency and often is seen to have rather sharp maxima as the frequency is varied. In certain frequency ranges, living cells often are observed to undergo a striking inversion of their spin rate and then spin counter-clockwise (CCW) while the direction of rotation of the applied electric field is clockwise (CW).The CSR spectra are presumably due to dipolar interactions with the applied field, as are the spectra obtained by straightforward dielectrophoresis (DEP) techniques. The two spectra, however, differ radically in the low frequency ranges (below about 1 MHz). It is our objective to explain this apparently anomalous behavior.We believe that the anomaly appears primarily because one is comparing rotational with translational force responses. In the DEP techniques, the simpler translational force arising from the comparative polarizability of cell versus medium (water) gives a straightforward measure of the differential polarizability owing to volume and surface effects pro forma. In the CSR techniques the spin rate reflects the torque on the cells and hence emphasizes polarization at the outer periphery of the cells rather than that of the average overall polarizability.The problem is considered in terms of a living or dead cell rotating with an angular velocity Ω in a fluid medium of viscosity η when it is subject to an electric field rotating at angular frequency ω. It is observed in many experiments that Ω ≪ ω, and also that the sign of Ω for the same cell can change from CW to CCW and back to CW as the applied frequency ω of the CW electric field is increased. Moreover, the sign and magnitude of the CSR spectra differ for living and dead cells. All of these experimental results can be explained quantitatively by using Maxwell's equations and the dielectric properties of a lossy dielectric sphere in an ionically conductive dielectric fluid.
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  • 74
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 181-191 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It has been shown that an easier procedure to the study of molecular electrostatic potentials than the prevalent monopole isopotential approach is to use a dipole as the mapping device: allow the dipole to move on a geometrical surface enclosing the molecule such that the distance between the surface and the nearest atoms of the molecule (closest distance of approach) is fixed, say at 2 Å, calculate the electrostatic interaction energy between the molecule and the dipole at different points of the surface, and let the dipole orient itself along the minimum energy direction and treat these minimum energies as the desired electrostatic potentials. Thus the favorable binding sites of a given molecule for other species along with their relative orientations can be obtained. This procedure has been applied to the nucleic acid bases using the necessary input data from two independent sources. Thus success of the procedure in predicting important features of molecular electrostatic potentials has been demonstrated.
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  • 75
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 149-164 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Hartree-Fock (HF) equations for the (He)2 system are solved using a suitable exchange perturbation technique. The HF interaction energy is then obtained directly from a rapidly convergent iteration procedure. The method remains convergent for short interatomic distances, where the interaction energy surpasses the energy of intraatomic excitations. The fast convergence of the method is a result of the proper treatment of the exchange-deformation effects. In the region of the van der Waals minimum, these effects account for 50% of the HF deformation energy.
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  • 76
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 249-264 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The algorithm to derive symmetry orbitals for one-electron band-structure calculations of one-dimensional crystals presented by Božović and Delhalle [1] has been applied to extend the explicit formulation of symmetry-adapted linear combinations of Bloch sums to any line group isogonal to Cn or Cnv. We also point out how the transformation matrices that block-diagonalize the one-electron eigenvalue equation H(k)C(k) = S(k)C(k)E(k) can be determined. Finally, the extended-Hückel block-matrix dimensions of some typical quasi-one-dimensional transition metal compounds have been tabulated in order to give a measure for computational savings achievable by this technique.
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  • 77
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 78
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 313-347 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Neutral, ionic, and complete alternant systems are studied using the alternancy symmetry adapted (ASA) approach. This approach is based on an explicit construction of ASA operators that are up to the sign invariant with respect to the particle-hole symmetry transformation. These operators serve as building blocks of alternant systems, and they determine their characteristic properties. All Hamiltonians describing neutral alternant systems are explicitly constructed. Up to some minor restrictions, all Hamiltonians describing ionic and complete alternant systems are also explicitly constructed. Inversely, given a Hamiltonian Ĥ in a second quantization notation, one can easily check whether or not this Hamiltonian describes a neutral (ionic, complete) alternant system. All linear properties characteristic to neutral (ionic, complete) alternant systems are obtained. In particular, all one- and two-particle properties are derived in an explicit form. The properties obtained substantially generalize “classical” properties of alternant systems such as, in the case of neutral alternant systems, uniform charge density distribution, vanishing bond orders between atomic sites of the same parity, and alternancy selection rules for the electric dipole transitions.
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  • 79
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 397-397 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 80
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 81
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 451-456 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The entity of generalized Rayleigh's quotient is introduced. A formalism involving calculation of the functional gradient and Hessian of the quotient reveals several properties that lean on the variational approach to the direct optimization of the ground state wave function. In particular, the link between a minimization of the generalized quotient and the solution to the “nonlinear Schrödinger equation” is elucidated. The concept of functional derivatives enables us to perform a direct optimization of the trial ket through the Newton-Raphson or the augmented Hessian method. Eventually, a “universal” perturbation theory is derived.
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  • 82
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 491-499 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The investigations on nonclassical polymers [4, 6, 12] have been extended to a new class of quasi-one-dimensional hydrocarbons. The latter are characterized by the occurrence of an infinitely narrow nonbonding band, originating from a new type of structural peculiarity. In contrast to the systems considered so far, the new polymers exhibit a strictly localized nonbonding band.
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  • 83
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 549-549 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 84
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 551-562 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pair-excitation multiconfigurational self-consistent field (PEMCSCF) treatment of 11 small molecules (LiH, BeH2, BH3, BF, CH4, C2H4, C2H2, CH2O, NH3, H2O, and HF) has been carried out in a minimum basis set of Slater Transform Preuss functions as fitted by six cartesian gaussians (STP-6G). The advantages of accuracy without using a split basis are shown by comparison to familiar 4-31G and 6-31G calculations using molecular geometries optimized with STO-6G basis sets. A benefit is shown for the use of minimum basis fitted to STP functions: they overemphasize long-tail radial dependence to achieve long range basis sensitivity without increasing the basis size at the AO-to-MO transformation step in the configuration interaction portion of the MCSCF algorithm. Fully optimized STP-6G parameters are given and appear to be transferable as shown for acrolein. A FORTRAN listing of the full least squares fitting algorithm is available* for in situ generation of STP-6G orbitals energetically superior to 4-31G, or a less accurate STP-6G 1S, 2S, and 2P basis may be scaled directly as if they were STO-6G functions, but with considerably lower energy that with an STO-6G basis.
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  • 85
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 575-589 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to avoid the determination of the perturbed wave function in the susceptibility calculation of closed shell molecules, several authors have developed gauge-variation methods based on Rebane's work. The present work illustrates that introduction of a certain restriction in the gauge-variation method makes the susceptibility calculations exceptionally simple. The restriction involves the use of the Coulomb gauge so that the gauge-function satisfies Laplace's equation. The restriction was dictated by the demonstration of gauge-invariance of the Rayleigh-Schrouml;dinger perturbation theory of diamagnetism. The method with the prescribed restriction has been applied to the H2O molecule, as an example, to demonstrate the advantages.
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  • 86
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 621-653 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Spin-independent alternant systems are analyzed using the alternancy symmetry adapted (ASA) approach. This approach is based on an explicit construction of ASA operators that either commute (altemant) or anticommute (antialternant) with the particle-hole symmetry operator K̂. The method yields an explicit construction and identification of all spin-independent Hamiltonians that describe altemant systems (neutral and/or ionic) as well as an explicit identification of all linear properties characteristic to these systems. It also establishes the connection between the spin-eigenstates and the particle-hole symmetry.
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  • 87
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 685-697 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A complete description of the rotational isomerism of monothioformic acid is presented. Ab initio results concerning the barrier heights and the energy difference between the stable isomers are in good agreement with the experimental data. A reduced potential function deduced from our calculations has been used to characterize the kinetics and thermodynamics of the rotational isomerization. The reported ab initio values of equilibrium constants are in good agreement with the experimental ones. From the analysis of the available experimental data, we have found that the free energy and enthalpy behavior are quite similar and that no noticeable entropy contributions are involved in the internal rotation, in agreement with previous studies on unimolecular isomerization processes.
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  • 88
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 723-723 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 89
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 1-1 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 90
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 85-103 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The equilibrium geometry, stabilization energy, and electric polarizability of formic acid, formamide, and the three possible cyclic hydrogen-bonded pairs are obtained by ab initio calculations using the STO-3G, 4-31G, and 6-31G** bases. These three properties are found to be very much dependent on the basis set extension. The polarizability of the dimers is found to be basically additive in contribution from the monomeric moieties.
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  • 91
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 133-147 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the course of conformational motions of molecules the changes in shapes of electronic charge distributions follow that of the nuclear framework. However, this coupling between the changes in the nuclear geometry and electron density may depend on the actual nuclear displacement; the coupling may be weak or strong for a given conformational motion. It is of some interest to analyze how faithfully the charge density variations follow the nuclear displacements in a family of conformational rearrangements. In certain cases small conformational changes may induce large changes in the shape of charge density distributions, while in other cases large and qualitatively important conformational changes may involve qualitatively inessential distortions in the shape of electron distributions. In this article we describe a new classification of conformations based on those domains of nuclear configuration space within which the „shape groups“ (symmetry independent homology groups) of the electric charge density remain invariant. Such an analysis might be valuable when seeking correlations between molecular structure and certain biological or biochemical activities.
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  • 92
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 565-567 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two-center Coulomb and hybrid integrals are combined into a single expression by use of the formulas given by the author for the expansion of real and complex STO's about a point displaced from the orbital center. The final results are expressed in terms of the overlap integrals between STO's. Analytical formulas for the evaluation of these integrals have been established recently by the author.
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  • 93
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 581-590 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The spectral density operator technique is proved to be a convenient tool for derivation of approximate topological formulae for total pi-electron energy (Epi) of benzenoid hydrocarbons (BHs). Developed mathematical formalism points out a common origin of three different measures for the stability of BHs, namely: resonance energy (RE), number of Kekule structures (K) and HOMO-LUMO separation (XHL). In turn, a novel topological invariant corresponding to “normalized” RE is derived. Numerical calculations for a representative set of BHs demonstrate effectiveness of the present approach. Various approaches to an estimation of BH stabilities are discussed.
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  • 94
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 569-579 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: There is considerable evidence indicating that the primary in vivo DNA alkylation product of vinyl chloride, believed to be responsible for its carcinogenicity, is the 7-N-(2-oxoethyl) derivative of guanine. Using a representative keto-enol system, we have studied computationally two possible equilibria involving this adduct. The first is between the 2-oxoethyl derivatives of the keto and enol forms of the representative system, whereas the second is between the 2-oxoethyl derivative of the keto form and the corresponding hemiacetal. In the case of the analogous guanine derivatives, such equilibria could lead to disruption of the hydrogen bonding between guanine and cytosine in DNA and could cause miscoding and replicational and transcriptional errors. An ab initio self-consistent field molecular orbital study has been carried out using the GAUSSIAN 82 system of programs. Optimized structures and energies have been calculated at the 2-21G level for the representative keto-enol system and its 2-oxoethyl and hemiacetal forms. The formation of the 2-oxoethyl adduct was found to have no significant effect upon this keto-enol equilibrium, which strongly favors the keto form. Our calculations further show hemiacetal formation to be an unlikely possibility for this system. On the basis of these results and recent data on guanine tautomers, we speculate about the analogous equilibria involving the guanine derivatives.
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  • 95
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 591-603 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The CI space Xn generated by n electrons moving over 2n spin orbitals is considered. It is shown that the transitions between different eigenstates ψi ∊ Xn of alternant and weakly alternant Hamiltonians are governed by some special selection rules. These selection rules are characteristic to alternant systems, and they do not apply to nonalternant systems. The set of all such selection rules can be easily derived from the splitting theorem. In particular, the selection rules associated with spin independent alternant systems are considered. As an example, the PPP Hamiltonian Ĥp describing netural alternant hydrocarbons is treated. In the case of electron dipole transitions between eigenstates ψi ∊ Xn of the Hamiltonian Ĥp, the selection rules obtained are in agreement with the selection rules derived previously by Pariser and McLachlan.
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  • 96
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 605-609 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An asymptotic formula describing a dependence of the algebraic structure count (ASC) of the even-membered rotagraphs on its size (N) is derived from the backfolding theorem for the electronic band structure. This new result imposes very strict constrains on ASC as a function of N.
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  • 97
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 625-638 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper we study the unitary transformations on the model space in quasidegenerate many body perturbation theory (QDMBPT). From this point of view we compare Brandow's and Kirtman's versions of QDMBPT up to the fifth order of perturbation expansion. We show that, starting from Brandow's QDMBPT, we can derive various versions of effective Hamiltonians order by order, of which the Kirtman's version is the simplest one. The operator of unitary transformation we express through the correlation operator.
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  • 98
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 639-647 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the Xα method a generalized Hellmann-Feynman theorem has been derived, and its most important applications are presented. A formula for electronegativity using the definition of electronegativity given by Iczkowski and Margrave and the magnetic nuclear shielding factor and its relation to the electronegativity have been obtained. The virial theorem of the Xα method has also been derived with the aid of the Hellmann-Feynman theorem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 611-623 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conformational preferences of modified nucleic acid base N6-(N-glycylcarbonyl) adenine, gc6Ade, have been investigated using the quantum chemical PCILO (Perturbative configuration interaction using localized orbitals) method. The multidimensional conformational space has been searched using selected grid points formed by combining various torsion angles that take favored values derived from energy variation with respect to each torsion angle individually. The theoretically predicted most stable, minimum energy conformation of the molecule is such that the substituent on N(6) spreads away from the imidazole moiety of the adenine ring, thus keeping distal orientation. The preferred molecular orientation is stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond from N(11)H of the amino acid to N(1) of the adenine. The carboxylic group of the substituent is trurned away in relation to N(11)H…N(1) and is perpendicular to the plane through the rest of the moleculeThe alternative stable conformation corresponding to an 0.8 kcal/mol higher energy has a coplanar carboxylic group turned towards the same side as N(11)H…N(1) and is exhibited in the crystal structure of the nucleoside derivative, gc6A. Energetically, the carboxyl group may change its orientation over a wide range, without much destabilization. This suggests probing by the carboxyl group of the molecular environment in the vicinity of the anticodon in tRNA.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 649-662 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Energies and geometries for a number of small hydrogen bonded dimers have been calculated by semiempirical method based on a perturbation approach. Results have been compared with experimental and the best theoretical data. A quite good description of equilibrium configurations has been obtained in every case when local multipoles from sufficiently accurate wave functions have been used. Hydrogen bond lengths have not been predicted with sufficient precision. Results indicate, however, that it should be possible to achieve improvement in the framework of the applied calculation scheme by modification of the parameter values.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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