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  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (186)
  • 1990  (186)
  • Genetics  (143)
  • Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The genetics of two homothallic species of the Mucoraceae (1990)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 3 (1990), S. 31-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Mucoraceae ; Zygomycetes ; Homothallic ; Genetics ; Nutritional complementation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Auxotrophic strains of Mucor genevensis and Zygorhynchus exponens were crossed and the resulting zygospores germinated. The presence of a true sexual cycle in both species was demonstrated by the recovery of recombinant genotypes. Expected Mendelian ratios were not realized, however. The presence of selfed zygospores among those isolated makes this observation understandable. It was possible to demonstrate nutritional complementation when young mating mycelium was transferred to minimal medium and forced heterokaryons were recovered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189949
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rheumatic poison: a survey of some published investigations of the immunopathogenesis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (1990)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 4 (1990), S. 533-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Henoch-Schönlein purpura ; Pathogenesis ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory studies of the pathophysiology of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) have become more numerous in recent years with the recognition of the disease's links with the mucosal immune system in general and IgA nephropathy in particular. There are weak genetic associations with C4 null phenotypes and with HLA B35 and DR4. Studies of plasma proteins in HSP patients show an increased IgA concentration, activation of the alternative pathway of complement and consumption of factor XIII. High molecular weight (polymeric) IgA has been detected in affected individuals, which some investigators have called “immune complexes”. Many patients synthesise an IgA rheumatoid factor in the acute phase, but other autoantibodies are largely absent. In vitro studies of lymphocytes from HSP patients have demonstrated an increased number of IgA-bearing and secreting B-cells, with altered T-cell regulation of antibody synthesis. While these observations point to immune dysregulation — primarily of IgA production — as a consistent feature of acute HSP, there is as yet insufficient information available to allow a consistent theory of pathogenesis to be formulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00869841
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Common mechanisms in proboscis extension conditioning and visual learning revealed by genetic selection in honeybees (Apis mellifera capensis) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 166 (1990), S. 545-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Honeybees ; Learning ; Classical conditioning ; Selection ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four strains of the honeybee (Apis mellifera capensis), which were selected for high (N=2) or low (N=2) performance levels in classic conditioning of olfactory and mechanosensory stimuli, were examined in two instrumental visual learning tasks. Bees were trained to coloured cardboards either at the hive entrance or at the feeding station. Positive correlations were detected between olfactory/mechanosensory conditioning and visual learning. Good and poor learners from strains selected for olfactory conditioning differed significantly in their visual learning values. These strain differences reflect genetic differences in a common learning system rather than task specific differences in sensory, motor or motivational components. Parameters that were influenced by activity of the colony (duration of stay at the feeding place, time between visits) also differed among selected strains. These effects were not due to selection. Instead, they reflect a specific genetic background produced in each strain independently of selection. The results indicate that associative learning has a genetic basis which is independent of the sensory stimuli associated with reward, the learning procedure (classical conditioning or instrumental learning) or the motor patterns used to execute the learned behavior (proboscis extension, control for flight behavior, open field orientation).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192025
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiological “metamorphosis” in a patient with severe congenital osteogenesis imperfecta (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 149 (1990), S. 403-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Osteogenesis imperfecta ; Collagen type I ; Radiology, classification ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Congenital osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) was diagnosed by ultrasound in a 31-week-old fetus, and the diagnosis confirmed after delivery by caesarean section at week 36. The baby survived the neonatal period, but failed to thrive, had recurrent respiratory infections and ultimately died at 8 months. Cultured fibroblasts synthesized both normal type I collagen and unstable type I collagen harbouring a structural defect in the α1(I) cyanogen bromide-derived peptide number 8 (CB8) region of the molecule, indicating a heterozygous dominant mutation. A+ birth, the radiological picture was that of the “thin bone”-type of congenital OI (OI type IIB/III in the Sillence classification); at the age of 12 weeks ribs and long bones had undergone a marked expansion giving a very different picture, that of the “thick bone”-type congenital OI (OI type IIA). The mechanism responsible for this change in bone structure is not known, but fractures and callus formation are unlikely to be the only factors. Caution is needed in the interpretation of radiographs of newborns with OI for prognostic or genetic purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02009659
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approximate analysis of variance of spatially autocorrelated regional data (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of classification 7 (1990), S. 53-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1343
    Keywords: Analysis of variance ; Choropleth map ; Ecology ; Genetics ; Geography ; Permutation test ; Spatial autocorrelation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cet article présente une solution au problème de l'analyse de variance, pour certains cas où la variable à analyser est spatialement autocorr élée alors que le critère de classification représente des sous-régions connexes du territoire à l'étude. On sait que les méthodes classiques d'analyse de variance ne sont pas applicables dans ce type de situation puisque la condition d'indépendance des échantillons n'est pas respectée; l'autocorrélation positive réduit la variabilité intragroupe, si bien que la quantité relative de variabilité intergroupe s'en trouve artificiellement augmentée. Cette situation correspond en réalité à une vaste catégorie de problèmes en génétique des populations, en écologie et dans d'autres branches de la biologie, ainsi qu'en épidémiologie, en géographie, en géologie, en science économique, en science politique et en sociologie. Ce nouveau test appartient à la famille des tests par permutation. Nous calculons la somme des dispersions intragroupes et testons contre une distribution de référence obtenue en permutant les régions géographiques un grand nombre de fois sur la carte. La véritable difficulté de ce test est d'ordre algorithmique, puisqu'il n'est pas facile de permuter des régions sur une carte, de façon à ce que chaque groupe demeure connexe, et que la carte permutée occupe le même espace total que la carte d'origine. Cet article présente la théorie, les algorithmes, ainsi que des résultats obtenus par cette méthode. Un programme écrit en PASCAL est disponible.
    Notes: Abstract The classical method for analysis of variance of data divided in geographic regions is impaired if the data are spatially autocorrelated within regions, because the condition of independence of the observations is not met. Positive autocorrelation reduces within-group variability, thus artificially increasing the relative amount of among-group variance. Negative autocorrelation may produce the opposite effect. This difficulty can be viewed as a loss of an unknown number of degrees of freedom. Such problems can be found in population genetics, in ecology and in other branches of biology, as well as in economics, epidemiology, geography, geology, marketing, political science, and sociology. A computer-intensive method has been developed to overcome this problem in certain cases. It is based on the computation of pooled within-group sums of squares for sampled permutations of internally connected areas on a map. The paper presents the theory, the algorithms, and results obtained using this method. A computer program, written in PASCAL, is available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01889703
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetical control and linkage relationships of Isozyme markers in sugar beet (B. vulgaris L.). 2. NADP- and NAD-specific malate dehydrogenases, 6-P-gluconate dehydrogenase, shikimate dehydrogenase, diaphorase and aconitase (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 593-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; Sugar beet ; Isozymes ; Genetics ; Linkage ; Pollen fertility restorer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The NADP-specific malate dehydrogenase isozymes were controlled by multiple gene systems. Three genes coding for dimeric enzymes segregated in a dependent fashion (NADP-Mdh 1, NADP-Mdh 2, NADP-Mdh 3). A fourth gene (NADP-Mdh 4), also coded for dimers, but was not polymorphic in B. vulgaris. A fifth gene (NADP-Me 1) coded for enzymes active as monomers. Two genes were found to control the main zone of NAD-specific malate dehydrogenase: one coded for dimers (Mdh 1), while a second (Mdh 2) was not polymorphic in the assessions studied. 6-P-Gluconate dehydrogenase was not polymorphic in B. vulgaris; the two types detected on SGE1 electrophoresis were due to developmental expression of the different systems. No genetical segregations could be detected in progeny of crosses of the distinct phenotypes. A shikimate dehydrogenase gene (Skdh 1) that coded for monomers was identified. The diaphorase system was rather complex, but one gene (Dia 1) coding for monomeric enzymes could be identified. Aconitase was found to be controlled by two independent genes (Aco 1, Aco 2), both polymorphic and coding for proteins active as monomers. Tight linkage was found between the genes NADP-Mdh 1, NADP-Mdh 2 and NADP-Mdh 3. Linkage was also found between a pollen fertility restorer (Z) and the Mdh 1 gene. The identification of linkage with Aco 1 needs further investigation. R segregated independently from Mdh 1, Aco 1 and Dia 1. Independent segregations were scored for isozyme genes Pgm 2, Icd 1, Ak 1, Gpi 1, Aco 1 and Dia 1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224217
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic data and natural history of Friedreich's disease: a study of 80 Italian patients (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 237 (1990), S. 345-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Spinocerebellar degeneration ; Friedreich's disease ; Diagnostic criteria ; Genetics ; Natural history
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clinical and genetic features of 80 patients with Friedreich's disease from 64 families are described. Diagnostic criteria were: no evidence of dominant inheritance, onset by the age of 20 years, progressive unremitting ataxia of limbs and gait, and absence of knee and ankle jerks. Furthermore, at least one of the following accessory signs was present: dysarthria, extensor plantar response and echocardiographic evidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Two peaks of onset age were evident at 6–9 and 12–15 years. Analysis of intrafamily variation of onset age and absence of clustering of cardiomyopathy and diabetes did not suggest genetic heterogeneity. Peripheral nerve impairment was an early finding and showed slight further progression, whereas involvement of the cerebellar and corticospinal pathways appeared later and mainly accounted for the progressive worsening of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315657
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic aspects of interpopulational differences in pheromone blend of cabbage looper moth,Trichoplusia ni (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2935-2946 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Genetics ; sex pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Trichoplusia ni ; cabbage looper moth ; reproductive isolation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The genetic basis of interpopulational differences in the pheromone blend emitted by the cabbage looper moth,Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), was examined by crossing individuals from a field-derived population (P1) with individuals from a long-maintained laboratory colony (P2). These colonies differed in the emission rate and relative proportions of four of the five known minor pheromone components, but not in the emission rate of the major component, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12∶Ac). These differences in pheromone blend were quantitatively small but biologically significant, because in the field, males responded preferentially to traps baited with a pheromone blend that is similar to that emitted by P1 females relative to a blend similar to that emitted by P2 females. In initial crosses, variation in the quantity and quality of pheromone blends among families of P1, P2, and F1 hybrid females was examined. In F1 females the relative proportions (quantity relative to the major component) of (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate (Z5-12∶Ac) and (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate (Z7-14∶Ac) were intermediate to parental lines. In a second more extensive set of crosses, analyses included P1, P2, F1, F2, and selected backcrosses. The relative proportion of Z5-12∶Ac, Z7-14∶Ac, and Z9-14∶Ac emitted by F1 females were intermediate to parental lines. The frequency distributions of relative proportions of these components emitted by females were not consistent with those expected under a single autosomal or sex-linked gene hypothesis, suggesting that more than one gene is involved in the quantitative differences in the pheromone blend.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00979485
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variability associated with hovering time inTabanus nigrovittatus Macquart (Diptera: Tabanidae) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 579-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Genetics ; polymorphism ; reproductive isolation ; hovering behavior ; Tabanus nigrovittatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The salt marsh horse fly, Tabanus nigrovittatusMacquart, exhibits two nonoverlapping daily periods of hovering and mating activity, which are correlated with different environmental temperatures. Allelic and genotypic frequencies of hovering males collected during the two periods were compared by electrophoresis of three polymorphic enzyme loci. Approximately 26% of early-hovering males possessed a Pgmallozyme that was absent in our sample of late-hovering males. However, based on other allozyme loci, we found no evidence for reproductive isolation between early and late hoverers. All the genetic data are consistent with the hypothesis that the Pgmpolymorphism is associated with behaviorally and physiologically distinct groups of males that, by all other criteria, form a single Mendelian population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052329
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of sampling scale in the assessment of intraspecific life-history differences in plains killifish, Fundulus zebrinus, populations (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) (1990)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 29 (1990), S. 263-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Demography ; Genetics ; Geographic variation ; Stochasticity ; Fluctuating environments ; Allele frequencies ; River ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of unpredictable environmental fluctuations on the demographic and genetic structure of Fundulus zebrinus populations. Collections of F. zebrinus were taken from three rivers in the Arkansas River basin: the Arkansas, Chikaskia, and Ninnescah. Fish were sampled from three sites on each river on nine collection dates throughout 1984 and 1985. Totals of 2100 fish and 6000 fish were included in electrophoretic and demographic analyses, respectively. The results of the study indicate that within a limited geographic region (i.e. within rivers) spatial differences and temporal changes in both demographic and genetic population characteristics occur frequently and are primarily stochastic. However, on a larger spatial scale (i.e. across rivers), general trends emerge for demographic and especially for genetic population characteristics. These results illustrate the importance of sampling scale for conclusions of life-history evolution in fluctuating environments. In addition, it was found that regulation of Fundulus zebrinus populations includes an important density-independent component. Stochastic demographic differences across space and changes through time and spatially and temporally heterogeneous allele frequencies, are both indicative of density-independent regulation. Variation in population parameters, both demographic and genetic, was observed between populations sampled from each river. These population differences were attributed to differences between the rivers themselves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00001184
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Iowa multiplex family study of schizophrenia: Linkage analyses on chromosome 5 (1990)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 239 (1990), S. 290-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Schizophrenia ; Linkage ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We analysed six multiplex pedigrees of schizophrenia for linkage to two DNA probes mapping to the chromosome 5q11–q13 region where linkage to a gene for schizophrenia was recently reported. Analyses were conducted using three penetrance models and considering the affected state to be schizophrenia, the schizophrenia spectrum, and all psychiatric diagnoses. All analyses gave consistently negative lod scores. Although the region was not formally excluded, no evidence for linkage was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01735053
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Rj4 allele in soybean represses nodulation by chlorosis-inducing bradyrhizobia classified as DNA homology group II by antibiotic resistance profiles (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 33-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetics ; Symbiosis ; Nitrogen fixation ; Coevolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary To determine the relationship between nodulation restriction by the Rj4 allele of soybean, rhizobitoxine-induced chlorosis, and taxonomic grouping of bradyrhizobia, 119 bradyrhizobial isolates were tested in Leonard jar culture for nodulation response and chlorosis induction. In addition to strain USDA 61, the strain originally reported as defining the Rj4 response, eight other isolates (i.e., USDA 62, 83, 94, 238, 252, 259, 260, and 340) were discovered to elicit the nodulation interdiction of the Rj4 allele. Only 16% of all the bradyrhizobial strains tested induced chlorosis, but seven of the nine strains (78%) interdicted by the Rj4 allele were chlorosis-inducing strains. Furthermore, in tests for antibiotic resistance profile, eight of the nine interdicted strains (89%) were classed in DNA homology group II. This evidence suggests that the Rj4 allele has a positive value to the host plant in shielding it from nodulation by certain chlorosis-inducing bradyrhizobia of a DNA homology group with impaired efficiency of nitrogen fixation with soybean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224012
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are genes units of inheritance? (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and philosophy 5 (1990), S. 349-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8404
    Keywords: Genetics ; gene structure ; hereditary unit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Definitions of the term ‘gene’ typically superimpose molecular genetics onto Mendelism. What emerges are persistent attempts to regard the gene as a ‘unit’ of structure and/or function, language that creates multiple meanings for the term and fails to acknowledge the diversity of gene architecture. I argue that coherence at the molecular level requires abandonment of the classical unit concept and recognition that a gene is constructed from an assemblage of domains. Hence, a domain set (1) conforms more closely to empirical evidence for genetic organization of DNA regions capable of transcription and (2) has ontological properties lacking in the traditional unit definition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00165258
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technologically Relevant Particle Shape Analysis (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 30-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The current state in shape analysis is distinguished by a number of characterization methods, but the great variety of specific shapes complicates the selection of parameters that are relevant for a particular problem. Therefore, the preferred approach is to characterize single particles "free of presupposition" and to select technologically relevant parameters using cluster and discriminance algorithms.Parameter vectors including elongation, bulkiness, fractal dimension and area-equivalent diameter are calculated on the basis of image analysis. First applications to bacteria and agricultural freestuffs exemplify the concept and illustrate that technologically relevant particle shape analysis permits the classification of single particles and the quantification of property functions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070106
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Standard Media for Particle Size and Number-Density Calibrations in single, multiple and dependent scattering (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 36-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two kinds of standard media for particle size and number-density measurements and calibration are described. Although the main concern is multiple scattering situations, they might also be useful for single and dependent scattering. One medium is made of particles embedded in a solid polymer matrix and the other of particles embedded in a gel. Transmittance measurements at two wavelengths (visible and far-infrared) are used to exemplify the use of these media.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070107
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    People. Arnold-Eucken-Medaille to Professor Dr.-Ing. Kurt Leschonski (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 44-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070108
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle size analysis (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 44-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070109
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dual-Cylindrical Wave Method for Particle Sizing (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 45-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new laser Doppler method for particle sizing has been developed. In contrast to the standard phase Doppler technique, which uses scattering from plane waves for a measurement, the proposed method employs cylindrical waves of incident light. The main advantage is that signal frequency, instead of the signal phase, becomes a function of particle diameter and a standard frequency measuring device may be used as a signal processor. The advantages of spectrum analysis as the signal processing method are highlighted.The laws of geometrical optics applied to the present scattering problem provide a relationship for the frequency of the collected signal which is expressed as the sum of two terms, the conventional Doppler frequency and the "anisotropic frequency", which is directly dependent on the particle size. These theoretical assertions were examined experimentally. Measurements on glass and metal particles of known diameters showed good agreement with the theory.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070110
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axial-View Measurements of Particle Motion in a Turbulent Pipe Flow (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 60-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper describes experimental measurements and numerical predictions of the motion of particles of size 500-800 m̈m diameter in a 20 m long (i. e. 620 pipe diameters) vertical tube. The numerical simulations suggest that the particles attain a fluctuating r.m.s. velocity in a direction normal to the axis of the tube which is at least one order of magnitude less than that of the gas phase turbulence fluctuations. However, the measured values are of the same order as the gas phase turbulence fluctuations (i. e. 0.5 to 1 m/s). This discrepancy is likely to occur because of particle/wall interactions and these were investigated in separate experiments. Although the cause of the measured coefficients of restitution in the normal direction being greater than unity was not finally demonstrated, the results indicated strongly that the effects were due to non-ideal bouncing of the particles in the presence of particle spin.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070112
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of One-Parameter Models for the Assessment of Particle Interactions by photon correlation spectroscopy (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 74-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The use of very simple one-parameter models of particle interactions for the analysis of the concentration dependence of the collective diffusion coefficient as determined by photon correlation spectroscopy is illustrated by measurements on two different systems. In one, a micro-emulsion, attractive interactions are dominant whereas in the other, a silica dispersion, repulsive interactions play the major role.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070114
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First Announcements and call for papers international conference on multiphase flows '91 (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 97-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070118
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  • 22
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    Electronic Resource
    The Use of Simulated Fractals in Particle Characterization (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The principal focus in this paper is the development of a general method to simulate irregulary shaped particles whose perimeters are fractal. It is shown that this method can produce a particle of almost arbitrary fractal dimension. The Fourier components of these fractals are then computed. It is shown that these components were either independent of the fractal dimension or that any dependence is less important than other properties of the cluster such as symmetry and aspect ratio.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070116
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle Size Analysis by Interaction of Charged Particles with an Alternating Electric Field (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 93-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical model for the interaction of charged particles with an alternating current field is developed. This model permits the determination of the particle size distribution by a numerical nonlinear iterative method. Results of numerical simulations are presented and discussed. Restrictions on the applicability of the model as an on-line measuring system are pointed out.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070117
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  • 24
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    Mean Particle Diameters. Part I: Evaluation of definition systemsDedicated to Professor Kurt Leschonski on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 233-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mean particle diameters are important for the science of particulate systems because they provide information on particlesize distributions in such a way that they can be related to physical or physiological processes or product properties. There are different notation systems for such mean diameters which may cause much confusion. This equally applies to their nomenclature. The present paper is concerned with comments on the “Moment-Ratio” and German (DIN) notations. The Moment-Ratio notation is recommended for standardization. A more extensive contribution of statistics to the science of particulate systems is recommended.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070138
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Kinetics and Shape Factors of Ultrafine Dry Grinding in a laboratory tumbling ball mill (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 242-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of batch grinding quartz from a feed of 600 by 425 m̈m to a product of 80% less than 10 m̈m have been determined using screening and laser diffractometer sizing for size analysis. The specific rates of breakage decreased by a factor of about three when the material became less than about 100 m̈m in size, but the primary breakage distribution function also changed to give proportionately more fine material, so that the grinding efficiency expressed as the development of surface area (B.E.T.) per unit of energy input did not decrease. Analysis of the shape of the particles in the 25 × 38 m̈m size range showed that particles of this size produced by roll crushing or by 8 minutes of grinding of a 425 × 600 m̈m feed were not different but at long grinding times the particles were rounded. This suggests that the breakage mechanism changes to give more chipping and abrasion and less disintegrative fracture. As the material approached the ultrafine size range it adhered to the mill case and there was no further size reduction. However, a technique for striking the mill case to dislodge the particles was successful in allowing further grinding to 40% by weight less than 2 μm.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070139
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  • 26
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    Bipolar Ion and Electron Diffusion Charging of Aerosol Particles in high purity argon and nitrogenDedicated to Professor Kurt Leschonski on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 250-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The bipolar diffusion charging process is studied theoretically for aerosol particles in high purity argon and nitrogen. The Fuchs theory is extended by the incorporation of the free electron charging of the aerosol particles. The ion parameters for positive and negative ions are assumed to be identical. The influence of the free electrons explains the differences between the mean mobility and mean mass of negative and positive ions. The ratio of the electron number concentration to the number concentration of negative ions is used to fit the curves, calculated by the extended model, to the experimentally determined bipolar charge distribution in argon and nitrogen. The extended Fuchs model was found to be rather insensitive to variations in the mobility and mass compared with the model with four different ion parameters. Further experimental studies of the bipolar charge distribution in a gas mixture of pure nitrogen and sulfur hexafluoride, SF6, indicate the importance of the free electrons in the bipolar diffusion charging process.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070141
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  • 27
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    Electronic Resource
    Droplet Deposition from a Mist Flow on a Parallel Vertical Wall (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 70-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A primarily experimental investigation of the deposition of droplets from a turbulent two-phase suspension flow on a parallel vertical wall has been found to be closely related to the ratio of fluctuation velocity of the droplets to that of the flow and the size of the droplets. Data are obtained for an air-water mist flow parallel to a vertical flat plat at Re = 1.54 × 105 to 4.2 × 105 by the use of a particle-sizing two-dimensional reference-mode laser-Doppler anemometry technique. Although no rigorous theory can be formulated at present due to the complexities involved, however, an analytical attempt is made in the hope of providing an explanation to the physics of the phenomenon. It is based on an apparent turbulent viscosity of the fluid as felt by the moving particles in a turbulent two-phase suspension flow and the most energetic eddy frequency of the flow.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070113
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  • 28
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    Calculated Characteristics of Droplet Size and Velocity Distributions in liquid sprays (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 54-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Predictions of the droplet size and velocity distributions in sprays under isothermal conditions are reported. The calculations are based on the maximum entropy formalism, complying with the conservation laws of liquid mass, momentum and energy. This theoretical approach considers only the macroscopic quantities about the atomization processes, without resorting to the details of the liquid breakup processes such as the onset and growth of instabilities. The derived joint droplet size and velocity distribution function depends on the Weber number as well as the liquid mass, momentum and energy source terms.These parameters represent the conditions under which the atomization occurs. The droplet velocity distributions are truncated Gaussian distributions for any specific sizes. The nondimensional Sauter mean diameter decreases slightly with the Weber number and then approaches an asymptotic constant. The calculated values of D21/D30 are very close to unity which agrees with the experimental observations. The computations also show that the atomization efficiency is very low; less than 2.6 percent.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070111
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  • 29
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    A Single Expression of Common Particle Size Distribution (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new particle size distribution function based on a simple model is presented. Data generated by the normal, log-normal and Rosin-Rammler distribution functions were fitted with this new distribution function and the fitted curves were, for all practical purposes, indistinguishable from all three distributions.The new distribution function can replace all the three functions and thus a means of presenting and comparing the different size distribution patterns in terms of a single mathematical expression is obtained. Additionally, the new distribution function provides the possibility of developing the discussion on the physical meaning of the particle size distribution.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070124
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  • 30
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    Dispersion of Monosized Heavy Particles in Grid Turbulence Effects of Body Forces (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 136-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dispersion of monosized drops downstream a point injection in a grid-generated turbulence is studied. Influence of extra bodyforces is also investigated by use of ferrofluid drops and magnetic field. Datas are obtained through LDV and given for fluid and particles mean and fluctuant velocities. Presence probability repartition for particles downstream the injection is obtained by LDV counting.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070126
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  • 31
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    The Linearity and Response of Focussed AperturesPresented at the 4th European Symposium Particle Characterization, PARTEC, Nürnberg (FRG), 19-21 April 1989. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Practical experience of particle size analysers using the Coulter principle shows that for measurements made over a range of 2% to 60% of the aperture diameter, the aperture responds linearly to particle volume at least for spheres. In this paper it is shown that the response of a focussed aperture is not significantly different from an unfocussed aperture. It is also shown that a simple linear equation of response successfully applied to a COULTER COUNTER® model ZM in a previous paper, can be used to predict the calibration constant of a new wide range instrument, the COULTER® MULTISIZER.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070101
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  • 32
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    Improved Accuracy in the Measurement of Particle Size Distribution with a coulter counter equipped with a hydrodynamically focused aperture (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 6-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It is well known that broadening of the observed particle size distribution occurs both at the finer end and at the coarser end of the distribution when using the Coulter Counter. This problem can partly be overcome with the aid of electronic pulse editing. However, it has been found that the accuracy can be further improved when the Coulter Counter is equipped with a hydrodynamically focused (HDF) aperture. The standard deviations of the main peaks of samples with diameters of 5.0, 10.2, 15.1 and 20.0 m̈m decreased by 21%-49% with HDF. HDF also prevents artefacts at the fine side of the main peak that originate from particles re-entering the sensing zone of a standard aperture after they have passed through it. In the experimental model used i.e. a silica sample with a diameter of 15.6 m̈m, the estimate of small particles (〉10 μm) decreased from 6.5% to 0.4%.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070102
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  • 33
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    Improved Resolution and Accuracy in Electrical Sensing Zone particle counters through hydrodynamic focussing (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 11-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The electrical sensing zone technique is long established, well researched and widely used. It is often used as a reference method against which others are compared or calibrated. This position should not be allowed to disguise the potential which exists for still greater accuracy and versatility. In this paper the use of the hydrodynamic focussing technique is evaluated and an experimental comparison is made with a normal Coulter stand for several samples. It is clearly shown that hydrodynamic focussing enables higher resolution and accuracy to be obtained for materials with narrow or unusual particle size distributions.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070103
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  • 34
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    Particle Dispersion in a Swirling Confined Jet FlowPresented at the 4th European Symposium Particle Characterization, PARTEC, Nürnberg (FRG), 19-21 April 1989. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 16-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The characteristics of swirling single- and two-phase flows discharging into a sudden pipe expansion were studied in detail by the use of laser-Doppler anemometry. The results are compared with those for the comparable non-swirling case. The central recirculation zone established for a swirl number of 0.56 was found to have an annular shape, which was a result of the subcritical nature of the flow and the area contraction at the end of the test section.The behaviour of the particles in both swirling and non-swirling flow was studied by flow visualization, particle concentration and velocity measurements. Initially, the spreading of the particle jet is about the same for both cases owing to the particle inertia. In the middle of the recirculation bubble the particles start to spread more rapidly under the acting of centrifugal forces established in a swirling flow. This finally results in a high concentration of particles near the wall of the test section and a particle-free region in the core of the vortex. The numerical simulations of the non-swirling flow showed good agreement for both the gas and particle phases in comparison with the experimental results.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070104
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  • 35
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    Use of the Laser Diffraction Technique for Particle Size Measurement at high suspension densitiesPresented at the 4th European Symposium Particle Characterization, PARTEC, Nürnberg (FRG), 19-21 April 1989. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A laser diffraction technique for the on-line measurement of crystal growth rates was developed. The crystal growth experiments were executed in a fluidized bed apparatus with a specially designed measuring chamber. It is typical in crystallization from solutions to deal with non-spherically shaped particles at high suspension densities (3-25 Vol.-%). The results achieved in a first approach with commercially available instruments were not understandable. It was shown that the particle size distributions from experiments at high suspension densities depend on the volume concentration. This effect was examined by experiments with constant particle sizes and different volume concentrations.If the volume concentration is detected and used to correct the results achieved for the particle size distribution, understandable and reproducible results can be obtained.The necessary correlation function for the measurements at high suspension densities is introduced.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070105
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  • 36
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    Spectral Properties of the Regularized Inversion of the Laplace Transform (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 80-86 
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    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Inversion of the Laplace integral equation, used in the laser scattering measurement of colloidal particle size distributions, presents sever numerical and experimental difficulties. In the presence of noise the variance of the inversion integral is infinite, indicating maximum uncertainty in the accuracy of the inversion. The regularized inversion of the Laplace intergral equation provides a convenient computational algorithm which requires no a priori knowledge of the unknown linewidth distribution. Using the eigenfunction decomposition of the Laplace kernel, the spectral properties of the regularized inversion may be seen.Regularized inversion represents a type of low pass filter which preserves the properties of the inversion spectrum at low frequencies, but provides a cutoff at a point controlled by the regularization parameter. This filtering reduces the variance of the inversion to a finite value. Regularized inversion is somewhere between optimal filtering and the abrupt truncation used in singular value decomposition and other similar methods. Two examples, a monodisperse and a bimodal linewidth distribution, are used to compare the performance of regularized inversion to that obtained through an optimal filter.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070115
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  • 37
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    Sizing Nanoparticles by Means of Elliptically Polarized Scattered Light: A suggested method (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Given the paucity of optical methods for sizing nanoparticles (those between 1 and 100 nm), more methods are needed if, as has been predicted, such particles have a bright future. Linearly polarized light is transformed into elliptically polarized light upon scattering by small spheres at 90°. The resulting circular polarization increases as the fifth power of particle diameter and the shift of the azimuth of the vibration ellipse from the vertical increases as the square if the particles are negligibly absorbing. Titanium dioxide spheres (in air) with diameters between 20 and 120 nm give circular polarizations between about 10-5 and 10-1 for incident light of wavelength 450 nm. The corresponding azimuth shifts (in radians) lie between about 10-2 and 1. These values are within reach of experimental techniques based on polarization modulation. Metallic spheres yield much larger circular polarizations and azimuth shifts (with signs opposite those for negligibly absorbing spheres), both of which increase approximately as the square of particle diameter.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070120
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  • 38
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    Evaluation of a Commercial Instrument of Sedimentation Field Flow FractionationPresented at the 4th European Symposium on Particle Characterization, Nürnberg (FRG) 19-21 April 1989. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 99-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The analysis of particles in the sub-micron range by sedimentation field flow fractionation (SFFF) is not new, but its commercial exploitation is recent. This inevitably will lead to a rigorous evaluation of the technique by many laboratories, for many applications, as well as to rapid development.This paper describes first an evaluation of the new commercial instrument using both ideal and real materials. These experiments lead to a discussion of the software package and of the influence of experimental conditions. A particular study is described of the combination of the SFFF technique with that of quasi-elastic light scattering. The paper concludes that SFFF now offers the technology for realistically measuring particle size distributions at high resolution in the submicron size range. The analysis time is in the order of one hour, but can be reduced at the expense of resolution.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070119
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  • 39
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    Alignment Errors in Phase Doppler Receiving Optics (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 116-120 
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    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It is shown that if the pinhole in a phase Doppler system' s collection optics is misaligned, even by a matter of micrometers, the effective collection aperture will be different from the aperture of the collection lens. This directly alters the phase characteristics of the resulting signal and can produce systematic and random errors in drop size measurements. The results of misalignment in a simple system are calculated, experimental evidence of the errors presented, and it is shown that replacing pinholes with vertiacl slits will reduce the sensitivity to such errors.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070122
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  • 40
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    Constraints On The Size And Shape Of The Receiving Aperture in a phase/doppler system (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 113-115 
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    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Using computations based on Mie scattering theory, the influence of the size and shape of the receiving aperture on the signal properties of a phase/Doppler system is examined. For circular apertures exceeding a certain size limit, it is shown that the signal phase is non-monotonic with respect to the particle diameter and exhibits abrupt changes of 180° at certain values of the diameter. This difficulty may be overcome by using rectangular apertures with appropriate aspect ratios.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070121
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  • 41
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    Characterization of Particle Swelling of Materials of Pharmaceutical InterestPresented in part at the 4th European Symposium on Particle Characterization, PARTEC Nürnberg (FRG) 19-21 April 1989 (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 131-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method based on the employment of an electrical sensing zone instrument (Coulter Counter) has recently been proposed for the combined measurement of the increase in particle volume (particle swelling) and granulometric characterization of pharmaceutical tablet disintegrants. The performance of the method, as far as its applicability to limited swelling materials is concerned, has been assessed. Both inert materials (polystyrene latices) and limited swelling disintegrants (maize starch and crospovidone in different granulometric fractions) were examined for total particulate volume in aqueous media. The accuracy and repeatability of measurements of both total particulate volume and particle volume increase were defined. The results obtained indicate that the method may be adapted for measuring the increase in particle volume of so-called limited swelling disintegrants.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070125
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  • 42
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    Aerosol Generation from the Sanding, Cutting, and Breaking of Floor Tiles (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various types of floor tile were tested in a controlled and isolated environment to determine quantitatively the wear rate and size characteristics of material generated from floor tile during operations of sanding, cutting, and breaking. Size characteristics were determined for the aerosolized fractions as well as the settled material worn from the tile surface. In addition to the vinyl composition tile, tests were also conducted with floor tile containing various amounts of glass fiber and sodium phosphate fibers. The tests were conducted in a specially designed glove box which allowed complete sampling and fractionization of the generated aerosol. Due to good measurement repeatability, aerosol generation differences from the various flooring types were determinable.A Frick-Taber accelerated wear machine was employed to establish comparative wear rates of the different flooring materials. Test results were repeatable and measured relative wear rates correlate well with published measurements. Results indicate that the presence of up to 13% glass fibers or phosphate fibers in the tile does not improve the tile's wear characteristics or significantly alter the size distribution of the generated material. Although asbestos-containing floor tile was not tested in this study, results from the simulant fiber tile tests may enable prediction of the behavior of vinyl-asbestos tile under the influence of similar wear mechanisms.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070123
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    Congratulations to Prof. Dr.- Ing. Dr.-Ing. E. h. Kurt Leschonski on the occasion of his 60th birthday on 17 december 1990 (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 169-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070130
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    Velocity and Drop Size Measurements in Fuel Sprays in a direct injection diesel engine (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 160-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: High-pressure injection fuel sprays have been investigated in a single-cylinder research Diesel engine using the laser and phase Doppler anemometry techniques to measure fuel droplet velocities and sizes and their spatial and temporal distributions within the spray. The measurements relate to the determination of the droplets' axial velocity component and diameter on the spray centre line between 75 and 100 nozzle diameters downstream from a single-hole injector nozzle. The experimental program covered the use of both Diesel and a non-combusting alcohol fuel. Measurements at radial locations in the spray and at different fuel loads were also taken for the alcohol fuel. Temporally resolved measurements of droplet velocity and size are presented together with time  -  averaged values in such a way as to isolate the contributions from the leading and trailing regions of each spray and identify two different break  -  up mechanisms occurring as suggested by a conceptual model of the spray behaviour.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070129
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    Prediction of Gas-Particle Turbulent Free or Confined Jet FlowsDedicated to Professor Kurt Leschonski on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Numerical predictions of two-phase turbulent gas-particle flows are reported for two test cases: for a plane jet and for an axisymmetric free jet. The numerical algorithm uses an Eulerian approach for the fluid phase and the particulate phase is described by using a Lagrangian stochastic model. The k-ε turbulence model was used to characterize the length and time scales of the fluid. In the plane confined jet the influence of the restitution coefficient on the statistical distribution of velocities was analysed. Particular attention was dedicated to the ε equation corrections regarding the problem of the free jet spreading rate overprediction. The influence of the particle tangential momentum equation on the prediction of particle concentration near the centre line in axisymmetric free jets was also analysed. Comparisons between predictions and experimental data are presented and shown to be satisfactory regarding the incomplete knowledge of turbulent multiphase flows.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070131
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  • 46
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    A Statistically Conditioned Averaging Formalism for Deriving Two-Phase Flow EquationsDedicated to Professor Kurt Leschonski on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 191-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A statistical formalism overcoming some conceptual and practical difficulties arising in existing two-phase flow (2 PHF) formulations and modelling techniques is introduced. Basic theorems for the case of dispersed 2 PHF are presented. Phase interaction terms with a clear physical meaning enter the equations and this formalism provides some guidelines to avoid closure assumptions or to close those terms rationally. Continuous phase averaged continuity, momentum, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulence dissipation rate equations can be rigorously and systematically obtained with this methodology in a single step. These equations display a structure similar to that for single-phase flows. It is also assumed that the dispersed phase is well described by a "Boltzmann-type" equation and Eulerian "continuity", momentum and fluctuating kinetic energy equations for the dispersed phase are obtained. A k-ε turbulence model for the continuous phase is used. A gradient transport model is adopted for the dispersed phase fluctuating fluxes of momentum and kinetic energy. Closure assumptions are proposed for the phase interaction terms. This model is then used to predict the behaviour of an axisymmetric turbulent jet of air laden with solid particles varying in sizes and concentrations. Numerical results compare reasonably well with available experimental data.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070133
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  • 47
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    The Origin of Turbulence Acquired by Heavy Particles in a round, turbulent jetDedicated to Professor Kurt Leschonski on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The paper describes the application of a stochastic separated flow model for the dispersed phase to the prediction of a particle-laden turbulent air jet discharging at 13 m/s from a 15 mm nozzle into stagnant surroundings. Emphasis is placed on the stochastic element of the Lagrangian particle tracking part of the model and on the importance of particle initial conditions over the first 20 jet diameters. Calculations are presented for 80 m̈m sized glass particles which clarify how particles with turbulent Stokes number less than unity acquire axial turbulence much larger than radial. Far from being only a response to the gas-phase turbulence as implied by the model, the axial turbulence is shown to be also produced by an interaction between particle radial turbulence fluctuations and cross-stream spatial gradients in particle mean velocity, here referred to as "fanspreading". In addition, initial particle turbulence levels remain identifiable for about 10 jet diameters; the initial radial turbulence reinforces the fan-spreading contribution and leads to extra generation of axial turbulence farther downstream. In general, the results agree well with experimental measurements.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070134
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  • 48
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    Drop Sizing by Laser Light Scattring Exploiting Intensity Angular Oscillation in the mie regimeDedicated to Professor Kurt Leschonski on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 221-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The intensity angular pattern of the light scattered by a drop at a scattering angle of ca. 90° is related to the size of the scattering drop. A simple relationship between the number of fringes per degree and the size is presented. The possibility of measuring the drop size through visualization of the fringe pattern is demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070136
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    Particle Dispersion in Turbulent Flow: The effect of particle size distributionDedicated to Professor Kurt Leschonski on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 209-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The measured velocity fluctuation of particles in dispersed twophase flow systems is discussed and an interpretation of particle velocity statistics is given. Besides the turbulent velocity fluctuations resulting from the particle's response to the fluid turbulence, two additional apparent fluctuation components may be distinguished, caused by inertial effects of the particles and by a polydisperse particle phase.Especially for larger particles inertial effects may become important and therefore the particle motion in the flow field is strongly governed by the inlet conditions, namely the instantaneous particle velocity. Therefore, the measured axial particle velocity fluctuation at a given location may be considerably increased as particles from different starting locations with different initial velocities may cross the same measuring point. This dynamic particle behaviour is demonstrated by the numerical simulation of particle trajectories in a given flow field. The results show the importance of including appropriate inlet conditions for the numerical prediction of particulate two-phase flows.Further, in experimental realizations of particulate two-phase flows, the particles usually exhibit a certain size distribution. Owing to the different responses of the different sized particles to both the mean flow field and the turbulence characteristics of the flow, the measured particle velocity fluctuations are higher than in the comparable monodisperse case. Therefore, the particle size distribution was taken into account in the present numerical calculations in order to obtain results which are comparable to the corresponding experiments. In this numerical simulation the particle mean velocity and the rms value of the velocity fluctuation were obtained by averaging over the whole particle size distribution and then compared with the measured values. Calculations are presented for two different shaped particle size distributions with a different mean size and compared with calculations with a monosized particle material and experimental results.Further, the behaviour of the different sized particles in the particle size distribution is discussed by considering the changes in the particle size distribution and the particle velocity distribution throughout the flow field.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070135
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    Pulse Holography and Phase-Doppler Technique. A comparison when applied to swirl pressure-jet atomizersDedicated to Professor Kurt Leschonski on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 226-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pulse holography and the phase-Doppler technique are two of the very few methods with which the size and velocity of individual particles within a two-phase flow may be simultaneously measured. This enables the two-dimensional frequency distributions of particle size and velocity to be compiled and allows the existence of mutual correlations to be verified.The application of both methods to investigations into water droplet collections within the hollow spray cone of a swirl pressure-jet atomizer is described. When comparing the results of measurements obtained by the two methods under identical conditions, one fundamental difference must be taken into account: whereas pulse holography delivers space-averaged concentration-dependent frequency distributions, those derived from the phase-Doppler technique are time-averaged fluxdependent. The methods hence deliver different, but equivalent, results. Since the possibility of conversion exists, both representations are always available. As far as the particle size distributions are concerned, the results obtained from the two methods confirm the expected differences, whilst verifying the compliance of the interconverted size distribution data. Regarding the velocity distributions, however, some unexplained discrepancies still remain.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070137
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    Agglomeration and Solution of Particles During Sedimenation AnalysisPresented at the 4th European Symposium on Particle Technology, PARTEC, Nürnberg, 19-21 April 1989 (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 144-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A basic requirement of particle size analysis through sedimentation is the perfect dispersion of the particles in suspension. The dispersion must be perfect and stable. To ensure this, for a number of solids DIN 66111 specifies sedimentation liquids and suitable dispersing agents and defines an upper limit for the concentration of the solids in suspension. Some instruments require higher solids concentrations than are recommended in DIN 66111. However, there is no simple test to prove the stability of a dispersion with sedimenting particles.An effective method for testing the stability of a dispersion is to make a number of simultaneous sedimentation analyses, measuring the concentration of the particles at different distances from the surface of the liquid. If the dispersion remains perfect, identical particle concentrations have to be measured, when the measuring time is normalized to one distance from the surface (e.g. t1′ = t(h3/h1), t2′ = t(h3/h2) …). From the particle concentration, distance from the surface and time, the particle size distribution can be calculated.If the results of the lower (and hence later) measurement show a shift to the larger diameters, agglomeration has occurred. If the sensing technique is light extinction, then the effect is particularly pronounced.A photosedimentometer with three light beams at distances from the surface of 1.5, 15 and 150 mm was used to demonstrate the effect of agglomeration on particle size distribution and to optimize sedimentation liquids and dispersing agents. An attempt was made to determine the kinetics of agglomeration from the increase in transmission of a light beam through a suspension.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070127
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    Application of Laser/Phase Doppler Anemometer to Dispersed Two-Phase Jet Flow (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 152-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A confined jet flow involving glass particles was examined to clarify fundamental aspects of the turbulence structure of two-phase flow. Spherical glass particles of mean diameter 62.4 m̈m were loaded in a primary jet at a mass loading ratio of 0.3. The primary jet diameter was 13 mm and exit velocities at the centre line were set at 20 and 30 m/s. The confined pipe diameter was 60 mm and velocities were set at 10 and 15 m/s. The particle and gas flow characteristics, such as local mean velocities, their fluctuations and size distribution, are discussed for three flow conditions which were obtained by changing the velocities of primary and secondary flows.Laser Doppler anemometry was applied to measure the flows of both particles and tracer, discriminated by scattering light intensity, and the precise particle size, for examining the dependence of particle size on the flow, by phase Doppler anemometry. The signal processing of the phase Doppler anemometer was based on a fast Fourier transform method to detect not only Doppler frequency for velocity but also the phase shift of Doppler signals for particle sizing. The processing system consisted of conventional fast analogue to digital converters, multi-digital signal processor units and a host microcomputer.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070128
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  • 53
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    Lagrangian Stochastic-Deterministic (LSD) Predictions of Particle Dispersion in TurbulenceDedicated to Professor Kurt Leschonski on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 181-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A Lagrangian model of particle motion in turbulence has been developed. The model is stochastic in the sense that the "instantaneous" fluid velocity field is generated from known turbulence energy and time scales of large eddies by using a random sampling. The particle motion during the interaction with the eddies is deterministic as being predicted from solutions of Lagrangian momentum equations. On the basis of a large number of calculated trajectories, the distributions of local particle mean and fluctuation velocity components and of the mean square particle displacement are evaluated in a flow domain. The results of the predictions for the case of particle dispersion in nearly homogeneous and isotropic turbulence behind a grid are compared with existing experimental data and satisfactory agreement is achieved. The model is also applied to the case of the particle dispersion from a point source in a nonhomogeneous turbulence of fully developed pipe flow. The agreement with experiments is satisfactory for both heavy and tracer particles. An explanation is given for the experimentally observed phenomenon that in some cases heavy particles disperse faster than fluid points.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070132
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    Advances in particulate technology (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 256-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070142
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  • 55
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    Optical Levitation Experiments for generalized lorenz-mie theory validationDedicated to Professor Kurt Leschonski on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 248-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (GLMT) is validated by comparisons between theoretical results and experimental optical levitation data. Selected results are presented.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070140
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    International symposium on polymer analysis and characterization (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 7 (1990), S. 256-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19900070143
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  • 57
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    Chromosome constitution of highly motile mouse sperm (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 27 (1990), S. 168-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Motility ; Genetics ; Sex chromosome ratio ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In this study, we address the relationship between motility and genetic content of mouse sperm. The chromosome complements of highly motile mouse sperm, selected using the swim-up technique, were analyzed after in vitro fertilization, at the first cleavage state. They were compared to those of unselected sperm. Identification of male and female chromosome sets was possible because of their differential condensation at the first mitotic division. In vitro fertilization, swim-up separation, chromosome preparation, and staining were carried out using standard techniques. The results indicate that highly motile mouse sperm did not differ in types and frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities from those not selected for motility. Moreover, separation of motile sperm does not deviate the sex ratio from the theoretical 1:1.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080270213
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  • 58
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    Anatomically identical short-segment Hirschsprung's disease in three male siblings (1990)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 5 (1990), S. 359-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Hirschsprung's disease ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three male children with identical short-segment Hirschsprung's disease born to a young married couple are reported. There was no positive family history despite an extensive search. There were no associated abnormalities. Although sex-modified multifactorial inheritance, with males having a lower threshold of genes for expression of Hirschsprung's disease, is accepted, the identical expression of the disorder in the three siblings presented suggests a dominant, possibly X-linked gene with variable penetrance. Another possibility is that an identical micro-environmental factor was present prenatally resulting in all three boys having Hirschsprung's disease. This is the first report of three siblings with identical short-segment Hirschsprung's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177106
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  • 59
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    The plasmid-encoded killer system of Kluyveromyces lactis: A review (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 1-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060102
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    Intracellular and extracellular levels of cyclic AMP during the cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Cyclic AMP ; Cell Cycle ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Using the techniques of centrifugal elutriation it was demonstrated that during the cell division cycle of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae there are stage-specific fluctuations in the intracellular concentration of adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). Results shown here indicate that the intracellular concentration of cAMP is at its highest during the division cycle, and its lowest immediately prior to and just after cell sepraration. Results also show the extrusion of extracellular cAMP into the medium by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, extracellular cAMP levels being ten to one hundred times higher than intracellular levels. During the cell of Saccharomyces cerevisiae the extracellular level of cAMP does not fluctuate.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060106
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    Comparative study on cytochrome P-450 of yeasts using specific antibodies to cytochromes P-450alk and P-45014DM (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Cytochrome P-450 ; Lanosterol 14α-demethylase ; alkane hydroxylase ; Immunological Analysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The occurrence of cytochrome P-45014DM(lanosterol 14α-demethylase) and cytochrome P-450alk (long-chain alkane terminal hydroxylase) in various yeast strain was determined with immunological procedures. Cytochrome P-45014DM, which is a constitutive or housekeeping enzyme playing an essential role in ergosterol biogenesis, was found in all yeast strains so far tested. Cytochromes P-45014DM from different species of yeast were immunologically different, although they may have a few common antigenic sites. In contrast, cytochrome P-450alk was detected only in the alkane-assimilating yeasts.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060107
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    Peroxisome-deficient mutants of Hansenula polymorpha (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 87-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Hansenula polymorpha ; methylotrophic yeast ; microbodies ; peroxisome-deficient mutants ; alcohol oxidase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: As a first step in a genetic approach towards understanding peroxisome biogenesis and function, we have sought to isolate mutants of the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha which are deficient in peroxisomes. A collection of 260 methanol-utilization-defective strains was isolated and screened for the ability to utilize a second compound, ethanol, the metabolism of which involves peroxisomes. Electron microscopical investigations of ultrathin sections of selected pleiotropic mutants revealed two strains which were completely devoid of peroxisomes. In both, different peroxisomal matrix enzymes were active but located in the cytosol; these included catalase, alcohol oxidase, malate synthase and isocitrate lyase.Subsequent backcrossing experiments revealed that for all crosses involving both strains, the methanol- and ethanol utilizing-deficient phenotypes segregated independently of each other, indicating that different gene mutations were responsible for these phenotypes. The phenotype of the backcrossed peroxisome-deficient derivates was identical: defective in the ability to utilize methanol but capable of growth on other carbon sources, including ethanol.The mutations complemented and therefore were recessive mutations in different genes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060202
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    Optical fibers as tetrad dissection needles (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 139-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060207
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  • 64
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    Cloning and sequencing of the ornithine carbamoyltransferase gene from Pachysolen tannophilus (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 141-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Pachysolen ; ornithine carbamoyltransferase ; xylose ; yeast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A fragment of DNA from a yeast Pachysolen tannophilus, bearing the ornithine carbamoyltransferase gene (OCTase, EC 2.1.3.3) has been cloned from a genomic library by functional complementation of the Escherichia coli OCT-negative mutant. The gene was located within the cloned segment of DNA and its coding sequence identified by DNA sequencing. This has indicated that P. tannophilus OCT gene encodes a 347 amino acid polypeptide, which shows 60% identity to the homologous Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein. The amino acid composition of its N-terminus indicates that this protein is translocated across the mitochondrial membrane. The gene can be expressed in E. coli as well as in S. cerevisiae. Comparison with other OCTases confirms a high degree of conservation among these proteins.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060208
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    Substrate-accelerated death of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 8066 under maltose stress (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 149-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Maltose transport ; α-glucosidase ; yeast ; chemostat ; cell death ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: When Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 8066 was grown under maltose limitation, two enzymes specific for maltose utilization were present: a maltose carrier, and the maltose-hydrolysing α-glucosidase. The role of these two enzymes in the physiology of S. cerevisiae was investigated in a comparative study in which Candida utilis CBS 621 was used as a reference organism.Maltose pulses to a maltose-limited chemostat culture of S. cerevisiae resulted in ‘substrate-accelerated death’. This was evident from: (1) enhanced protein release from cells: (2) excretion of glucose into the medium; (3) decreased viability. These effects were specific with respect to both substrate and organism: pulses of glucose to maltose-limited cultures of S. cerevisiae did not result in cell death, neither did maltose pulses to maltose-limited cultures of C. utilis. The maltose-accelerated death of S. cerevisiae is most likely explained in terms of an uncontrolled uptake of maltose into the cell, resulting in an osmotic burst. Our results also provide evidence that the aerobic alcoholic fermentation that occurs after pulsing sugars to sugar-limited cultures of S. cerevisiae (short-term Crabtree effect) cannot solely be explained in terms of the mechanism of sugar transport. Both glucose and maltose pulses to maltose-limited cultures triggered aerobic alcohol formation. However, glucose transport by S. cerevisiae occurs via facilitated diffusion, whereas maltose entry into this yeast is mediated by a maltose/proton symport system.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060209
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  • 66
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    Masthead (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060301
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  • 67
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    The alcohol dehydrogenase system in the yeast, Kluyveromyces lactis (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 193-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Kluyveromyces lactis ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; gene regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have studied the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) system in the yeast Kluyvefromyces lactis. Southern hybridization to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADH2 gene indicates four probable structural ADH genes in K. lactis. Two of these genes have been isolated from a genomic bank by hybridization to ADH2. The nucleotide sequence of one of these genes shows 80% and 50% sequence identity to the ADH genes of S. cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe respectively. One K. lactis ADH gene is preferentially expressed in glucose-grown cells and, in analogy to S. cerevisiae, was named K1ADH1. The other gene, homologous to K1ADH1 in sequence, shows an amino-terminal extension which displays all of the characteristics of a mitochondrial targeting presequence. We named this gene K1ADH3. The two genes have been localized on different chromosomes by Southern hybridization to an orthogonal-field-alternation gel electrophoresis-resolved K. lactis genome. ADH activities resolved by gel electrophoresis revealed several ADH isozymes which are differently expressed in K. lactis cells depending on the carbon source.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060304
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  • 68
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    Creation of ARS activity in yeast through iteration of non-functional sequences (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: DNA replication ; replication origin ; eukaryotic chromosome ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Replication origins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been identified through the clonning of autonomous replication sequence (ARS) elements that allow the extrachromosonal maintenance of plasmid molecules. ARS activity requires a close matcht to an 11 bp consensus sequence and A+T-rich flanking DNA. ARS elements with a wide range of capacities for promoting plasmid maintenance have been described. We determined the ARS activity of plasmid with inserts consisting of repetitions of a 64 bp 100% A+T sequence that has sequence similarities to known ARS elements. An insert with approximately four repeats did not yield transformants, but inserts with either eight or eleven repeats did. The cooperative of ARS activity did not require a contiguous arrangement since a plasmid containing two inserts of four repeats each, separated by about 1 kb, was functional. Our results show that a charge from non-function to function can be accomplished by the cumulative action of individually inactive sequences. We conclude that the probability of replication initiation is too low with only four repeats to allow plasmid maintenance, but the overall probability is increased by further sequence iteration to provide origin activity. We suggest that chromosomes may contain streches with dispersed, weak origin elements, each undetected by the conventional ARS assay, that in sum provide origin function.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060302
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  • 69
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    An essential gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae shares an upstream regulatory element with PRP4 (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: RNA processing ; divergent transcripts ; temperature-sensitive mutants ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: ORF2 is an essential gene immediately upstream of PRP4 (formeryl RNA4), a gene involved in nuclear mRNA processing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The two genes are arranged head-to-head. An 8 base-pair conserved sequences element is found upstream of both genes, as well as upstream of certain other genes that are known to be involved in pre-mRNA processing. Through deletion analysis we have found that both of the conserved sequence elements are important for transcription of both genes. We have cloned ORF2 and have isolated temperature-sensitive orf2 mutants. The phenotype of these mutants does not suggest a role for ORF2 in mRNA processing. The deduced amino acid sequence of ORF2 indicates significant similarity to DPR1, a gene encoding a protein that is involved in the carboxy-terminal processing of G-protein.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060407
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  • 70
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    Ornithine decarboxylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Chromosomal assignment and genetic mapping of the SPE1 gene (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 455-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Ornithine decarboxylase ; putrescine ; SPE1 gene ; spe10 mutation ; chromosome XI ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The gene for ornithine decarboxylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, SPE1, has been assigned to chromosome XI by the technique of transverse alternating pulsed field electrophoresis and DNA-DNA hybridization. Genetic mapping by tetrad analysis shows that the SPE1 gene is located on the left arm of chromosome XI, 6 cM from the LAP1 gene and 43 cM from the TRP3 gene. The spe10 mutation previously isolated in this laboratory is mapped to the N-terminal region of the SPE1 gene, and therefore should be designated as a spe1 allele.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060602
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  • 71
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    Masthead (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060501
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  • 72
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    Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae selectable markers in pUC18 polylinkers (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 363-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Selectable markers ; Plasmids ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A set of plasmids was constructed that contain the yeast selectable markers HIS3, LEU2, TRP1 or URA3 embedded in the multiple cloning site of pUC18.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060502
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  • 73
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    Nucleotide sequence of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 and val-tRNA genes and surrounding sequences from Kluyveromyces lactis K8 mitochondrial DNAEMBL Accession. No. X15999. (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 403-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Kluveromyces lactis ; budding yeast ; mitochondrial DNA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The nucleotide sequence of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 (cox2) and val-tRNA genes and surrounding regions from Kluyveromyces lactis mitochondrial DNA is reported. Analysis of the coding regions shows that the codons CUN (Thr), CGN (Arg) and AUA (Met) are absent in this gene. A single sequence, ATATAAGTAA, identical to the baker's yeast mtRNA polymerase recognition site, was detected upstream of val-tRNA. This sequence is absent from regions between val-tRNA-cox2 and cox2-cox1. In addition a sequence AATAATATTCTT, identical to the mRNA processing site in other yeast mitochondrial genomes is present 32-43 bp downstream to the TAA stop codon for the cox-2 gene. Another short conserved sequence of 5 bp, TCTAA, is present upstream of the coding regions of cox2 genes in several yeasts, including K. lactis, but is not present upstream of other genes. Comparison of cox2 sequences from other organisms indicates that the mitochondrial DNA of K. lactis. is closely related to that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060505
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  • 74
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    The chromosomal constitution of wine strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 367-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yeast genetics ; wine yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosomes ; karyotyping ; aneuploidy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A general procedure is described for determining the chromosomal constitution of industrial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on analysis of segregation frequencies for input markers among random spore progeny of industrial-laboratory strain hybrids. The multiple auxotrophic haploid testers used carried a dominant erythromycin-resistance marker, allowing hybrids to be selected in mass matings with produced by the wild-type industrial strains. Analysis a number of independent crosses between the haploid testers and an unselected population of spores of each wine strain distinguished between disomic, trisomic and tetrasomic chromosomal complements in the parents. Possible explanations for a significant class of aberrant segregation frequencies are discussed.Results of the analysis indicate that UCD Enology 522 (Montrachet) is diployed and possibly trisomic for chromosome VII; 522X is diploid; UCD Enology 505 (California Champagne) is disomic for chromosome XVI, trisomic for chromosomes I, II, III, VI, VIII, IX, X, XII, XV, tetrasomic for chromosomes IV, XI, XIII, XIV and either trisomic or tetrasomic for chromosomes V and VII; and that UCD Enology 595 (Pasteur Champagne) is disomic for chromosomes I, II, III, IX, XVI, trisomic for chromosomes IV, VI, X, XII, XIV, XV, tetrasomic for chromosomes V, VIII, XI, XIII, and either disomic or tetrasomic for chromosome VII.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060503
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  • 75
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    Characterization of the cytochrome c gene from the starch-fermenting yeast Schwanniomyces occidentalis and its expression in bakers's yeast (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 429-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A cytochrome c protein gene, CYC10, of the dextran- and starch-fermenting yeast, Schwanniomyces occidentalis was cloned and characterized. The DNA sequence was determined, and the predicted amino acid sequence of the protein-coding region shares close homologies to the cytochrome c genes. A. S. occidentalis strain with a disruption of the gene revealed that CYC10 was the only functional cytochrome c protein-encoding gene in S. occidentalis, unlike the two cytochrome c protein genes (CYC1 and CYC7) in Saccharomyces cerevisiaear The CYC10 gene was oxygen-induced but not subject to catabolite repression.The expression of the CYC10 gene was studied in the heterologous yeast. S. cerevisiae. The oxygen induction of the gene was found to be identical to that of the CYC1 gene, indecating these two genes share similar or closely related cis- and trans- acting oxygen regulatory elements. However, the CYC10 gene was glucose repressed in S. cerevisiae strains; a phenomenon which was not observed in the native S. accidentalis cells. Search in the 5′ unstranslated region of the CYC10 gene revealed some homologies at -425 to -405 to UAS1 of the S. cerevisiae CYC1 gene. A deletion of a segment of upstream region including this sequence abolished expression in S. cerevisiae.Finally the phylogenetic relationships of different yeasts and fungi were determined based upon the amino acid sequences of the cytochrome c proteins. These relationships do not completely agree with classical divisions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060508
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    An assay of relative cell wall porosity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 483-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Cell wall porosity ; permeability ; polycation assay ; cell wall structure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have developed a new assay to determine relative cell wall porosity in yeasts, which is based on polycation-induced leakage of UV-absorbing compounds. Polycations with a small hydrodynamic radius as measured by gel filtration (poly-L-lysine) caused cell leakage independent of cell wall porosity whereas polycations with a large hydrodynamic radius (DEAE-dextrans) caused only limited cell leakage due to limited passage through the cell wall. This allowed the ratio between DEAE-dextran- and poly-L-lysine-induced cell leakage to be used as a measure of cell wall porosity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Using this assay, we found that the composition of the growth medium affected cell wall porosity in S. cerevisiae. In addition, we could show that cell wall porosity is limited by the number of disulphide bridges in the wall and is dependent on cell turgor. It is argued that earlier methods to estimate cell wall porosity in S. cerevisiae resulted in large underestimations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060605
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  • 77
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    The complete sequence of the 8·2 kb segment left of MAT on chromosome III reveals five ORFs, including a gene for a yeast ribokinase (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 521-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Chromosome III ; sequencing ; gene disruption ; ribokinase ; ARS ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report here the DNA sequence of a segment of chromosome III extending over 8·2 kb. The sequence was determined using the random clone strategy followed by oligonucleotide-directed sequencing. The segments contains five long open reading frames, YCR521, 522, 523, 524 and 526, with only short distances between them. YCR523 (333 codons) endodes a ribokinase, a new function for yeast. YCR526 originates inside the MAT cassette, which is in continuity with the present segment, and extends over 358 codons outside of MAT. YCR524 (923 codons) codes for a putative membrane protein. YCR521, 522 and 524, have each been disrupted by insertion of a URA3 cassette and are non-essential genes. An active ARS element is located within YCR523 or its vicinity.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060609
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  • 78
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    Occurrence of peroxisomal membrane proteins in methylotrophic yeasts grown under different conditions (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 35-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Hanseula polymorpha ; Candida boidinii ; peroxisomes ; peroxisomal membrane proteins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have the substructure and polypeptide composition of the peroxisomal membranes in two methylotrophic yeasts in relation to different growth conditions. The results obtained that no significant ultrastructural differences existed between the membranes of variously grown cells.The presence of specific peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs) was studied biochemically. On sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels of purified microbody membranes isolated from methanol-grown Hansenula polymorpha, prominent proteins bands were observed at 22, 31, 35, 42, 49 and 51 kD. These proteins were also present when the cells were grown in media containing ethanol and/or ethylamine. Apart from these, several other PMPs were specifically induced under these conditions, namely 24, 29, 37 and 62 kD proteins. The polypeptide composition of peroxisomal membranes from H. polymorpha was compared with that of another methylotroph. Candida biodinii. In the latter organism a specific PMP with a molecular weight of 23 kD was induced during growth on D-alanine instead of ammonium sulphate as the nitrogen source.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060104
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  • 79
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    Immunocytochemical demonstration of the peroxisomal ATPase of yeasts (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 45-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yeasts ; peroxisomes ; ATPase ; freeze-fracturing immunocytochemistry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The presence of an ATpase on yeast peroxisomal membranes was studied by immunological methods. Western blot analysis of purified peroxisomal membranes from several yeasts revealed distinct cross-reaction with specific antibodies against the F1-part or the β-subunit of the mitochondrial ATpase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This was not due to mitochondrial contamination as was demonstrated by analytical sucrose gradient centrifugation.Protein A-gold labelling carried out on Lowicryl-embedded methanol-grown Hansenula polymorpha using these antibodies did not result in significant staining. However, when organelles isolated from this yeast were successively incubated with antibodies and protein A-gold prior to embedding, specific labelling was observed on both the peroxisomal membrane and the membrane of damaged mitochondria but not on intact mitochondira. Specific labelling of the peroxisomal membrane was confirmed by freeze-fracture immunocytochemistry. In addition to the peroxisomal membrane, the mitochondrial membrane was also labelled in these experiments. Freeze-fracture immunocytochemistry was also successful for the localization of peroxisomal matrix proteins, e.g. alcohol oxidase and dihydroxyacetone synthase and of mitochondrial membrane proteins, e.g. cytochrome c oxidase.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060105
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  • 80
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    A novel aspartyl protease allowing KEX2-independent MFα propheromone processing in yeast (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 127-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; precursor processing ; aspartyl endopeptidase ; nucleotide sequence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which lack the KEX2-encoded endopeptidase are unable to process proteolytically the mating factor alpha (MFα) propheromone produced from the chromosomal MFα1 and MFα2 genes (Julius et al., 1983). Overproduction of pheromone precursor from multiple, plasmid-borne MFα genes did, however, lead to the production of active MFα peptides in the absence of the KEX2 gene product. S. cerevisiae therefore must possess an alternative processing enzyme. The cleavage site of this enzyme appeared identical to that of the KEX2-encoded endopeptidase. To identify the gene responsible for the alternative processing, we have isolated clones which allowed production of mature MFα in a kex2-disrupted strain even from the chromosomal MFα genes. The gene isolated in this way was shown also to be essential for the KEX2-independent processing of propheromone overproduced from plasmid-borne MFα1. The amino acid sequence deduced from the gene shows extensive homology to a number of aspartyl proteases including the PEP4 and BARI gene products from S. cerevisiae. In contrast to the BARI gene product, the novel aspartyl protease (YAP3 for Yeast Aspartyl Protease 3) contains a C-terminal serine/threonine-rich sequence and potential transmembrane domain similar to those found in the KEX2 gene product. The corresponding gene YAP3 was located to chromosome XII. The normal physiological role of the YAP3 gene product is not known. Strains disrupted in YAP3 are both viable and able to process the mating factor a precursor.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060206
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    A K2 neutral Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain contains a variant K2 M genome (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 159-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: dsRNA ; yeast ; killer yeast ; neutral yeast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: K2 neutral strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae USM12 was identified and characterized. This strain carried an M double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome encoding for resistance to K2 toxin. The M dsRNA was larger than the K2 killer yeast M dsRNA and homoduplex analysis of denatured and reannealed K2 neutral M dsRNA revealed an inverted duplication. Heteroduplex analysis showed that two thirds of the K2 M genome had homology with K2 neutral M genome. Hybridization showed that the USM12 M dsRNA has significant homology with the K2M dsRNA. Protein profiles of extracellular proteins from USMA12 and cured strain indicated that USM12 did not secrete any toxin. This is the first time that a K2 neutral yeast strain has been characterized.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060210
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    Calendar (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 177-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060213
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  • 83
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    Cell fusion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fragile mutants (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Cell fusion ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; fragile mutants ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Fragile mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are defective in the structure of the cell wall and plasma membrane. The mutant cells lyse in hypotonic solutions but grow exponentially when osmotic stabilizer is induced in the medium. These mutants display a general increase in the permeability of the plasma membrane. We show here that fragile yeast cells of the same mating type can fuse without protoplast formation. The frequency of cell × cell fusion is lower than that observed for protoplast × protoplast fusion and can be significantly increased if the cells of one partner are converted to protoplasts. Microscopic observations and genetic analysis demonstrate that the hybrids obtained are fusion products. The fusion between fragile cells is explained in terms of the existence of local defects on their surface where the cell wall is thinner (or even missing), thus allowing a direct contact of cells by means of their plasma membranes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060305
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    Purification of δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase from genetically engineered yeast (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 319-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: δ-Aminolevulinate dehydratase purification ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae HEM2 transformants ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed with a multicopy plasmid carrying the yeast structural gene HEM2, which codes for δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase, was enriched 20-fold in the enzyme. Beginning with cell-free extracts of transformed cells, the dehydratase was purified 193-fold to near-homogeneity. This represents a 3900-fold purification relative to the enzyme activity in normal, untransformed yeast cells. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 16·2 μmol h-1 per mg protein at pH 9·4 and 37·5°C. In most respects the yeast enzyme resembles mammalian enzymes. It is a homo-octamer with an apparent Mr, of 275 000, as determined by centrifugation in glycerol density gradients, and under denaturing conditions behaved as a single subunit of Mr ≃ 37 000. The enzyme requires reduced thiol compounds to maintain full activity, and maximum activity was obtained in the presence of 1·0 mM-Zn2+. It is sensitive to inhibition by the heavy metal ions Pb2+ and Cu2+. The enzyme exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics and has an apparent Km of 0·359 mM. Like dehydratases from animal tissues, the yeast enzyme is rather thermostable. During the purification process an enhancement in total δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase activity suggested the possibility that removal of an inhibitor of the enzyme could be occurring.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060405
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  • 85
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    Chromosome III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: An ordered clone bank, a detailed restriction map and analysis of transcripts suggest the presence of 160 genes (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 383-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome III ; ordered clone bank ; physical map ; transcripts ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Using λ phage vector EMBL4, we isolated 344 clones containing segments of chromosome III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, analysed their physical structure with eight restriction enzymes and sorted the data in contiguous groups with computer programmes. Furthermore, we performed Southern hybridizations between the sorted contiguous clone groups and interrelated them into larger groups. In this way, we constructed an ordered clone bank that covers almost the whole of chromosome III with a single gap of several kilobases in length. The consensus physical map thus obtained totals 334·6 kb, which is in good agreement with the size of this chromosome estimated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Southern hybridization analysis with the DNA probes containing telomere-specific sequences showed that the bank contained a telomere at a position corresponding to the right arm terminus of chromosome III. Also, five Ty elements were found to be present. To estimate the number of genes on this chromosome and to analyse their levels of expression, we performed a series of Northern hybridization experiments using total poly(A)+ RNA from vegetatively growing cells and appropriate restriction enzyme fragments from the bank. Thus, we identified a total of 156 transcripts on chromosome III, indicating, on an average, one gene in every 2 kb on this chromosome. The transcripts were visually categorized into five groups according to their apparent levels of expression. It was found that the genes located near both termini are expressed only at low levels and that highly expressed genes are rather scattered over the chromosome.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060504
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  • 86
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    Mating type locus-dependent stability of the Kluyveromyces linear pGKL plasmids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 417-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: linear plasmids ; killer ; stability ; mating type locus control ; a1-α2 repressor ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The linear killer plasmids, pGKL1 and pGKL2, from Kluyveromyces lactis stably replicated in mitochondria1 DNA-deficient (ρ0) MATa or MATα haploids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but were unstable and frequently lost in ρ° MATa/MATα diploids, suggesting that the replication of pGKL plasmids was under the control of the MAT locus. In MATa/MATα cells of S. cerevisiae, the MATα gene product (α2) is combined with the MATa gene product (a1) and the resultant protein, a1-α2, acts to repress the expression of haploid specific genes. Experiments showed that the K. lactis linear plasmids were stably maintained in ρ0 mata1/MATα diploids, indicating that the a1-α2 repressor interfered with the stability of pGKL2. It was revealed by computer analysis that the consensus sequence homologous to the a1-α2 repressor binding site occurred within the coding regions of pGKL2 genes which were presumed to be essential for the plasmid replication. Since the plasmids were stably maintained in diploids of K. lactis, the mating type control must not be working there.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060507
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  • 87
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    Analysis of the THR4 region on chromosome III of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 353-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Threonine metabolism ; amino acid biosynthesis ; homologous domains ; chromosome III ; gene organisation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The gene encoding theonine synthase (THR4) from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned by complementation of a thr4 mutant. This gene was also found on a lambda clone (5239) consisting of a fragment of chromosome III inserted in the vector lambda MG3. The THR4 gene encodes a protein of 514 amino acids (M.W. 58 kDa), which has extensive homologies with E. coli threonine synthase (thrC) and B. subtilis threonine synthase. The 5′ flanking region of the gene contains three regulatory sequences. [TGACT(C)] for the general amino acid control (GCN).About 130 bp downstream of the THR4 gene another open reading frame (563 amino acids) is found in the opposite orientation. This may imply that this open reading frame, called CTR86, shares a terminator region with THR4. The function of the protein encoded by CTR86 is not yet clear, but the fact that the upstream region contains a GCN4 responsive site that the gene product may also be involved in amino acid biosynthesis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060408
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  • 88
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    The hydrophilic and acidic N-terminus of the integral membrane enzyme phosphatidylserine synthase is required for efficient membrane insertion (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 331-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Protein sorting ; membranes ; phospholipid synthesis ; yeast ; Saccharomces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The product of the yeast CHO1 gene, phosphatidylserine synthase (PSS), is an integral membrane protein that catalyses a central step in cellular phospholipid biosynthesis. A 1·2 kb fragment containing the regulatory and structural components of the CHO1 gene was sequenced. Transcription initiation in wild-type cells was found to occur between -1 and -15 relative to the first ATG of a large open reading frame capable of encoding a 30 804 molecular weight protein. This translation initiation site was active in vivo and in vivo in a hetrologous system. In both cases it supported production of a protein of approximately 30 000 molecular weight. A second potential translation initiation site was detected 225 or 228 bases dowstream from the first ATG. This second site was active in vitro where it supported production of a protein of 22 400 molecular weight. A subclone, lacking the 5′ regulatory region and the subsequence encoding the first 12 amino acids of the large open reading frame, allowed translation in vivo starting at the second ATG. The resulting protein was 22 000 moleculare weight, lacked the 74 N-terminal amino acids and was capable of complementing the choline auxotroy of a cho1 null-mutant. In transformants carrying this construct, PSS activity and 22 kDa protein was found to be associated with membrane fractions corresponding to mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. However, most of the truncated PSS protein accumulated in the cytosol in an inactive form. A hybrd-protein containing the 63 N-terminal amino acids of PSS protein accumulated in the cytosol in a active form. A hybrid-protein containing the 63 N-terminal amino acids of PSS fused to mouse dihydrofolate reductase was found exclusively in the cytosol when expressed in wild-type yeast. Thus, the hydrophilic, highly acidic N-terminus of PSS is required for efficient membrane insertion but does not appear to contain sequences required for a targeting to the membrane compartment.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060406
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  • 89
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    The omnipotent suppressor SUP45 affects nucleic acid metabolism and mitochondrial structure (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 441-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; novobiocin-resistance ; SUP45 ; nucleic acid synthesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) strains sensitive to a variety drugs were used to select for novobiocin-resistant mutants that were simultaneously temperature-sensitive. The mutants remained as sensitive as the parent strains to a wide range of drugs other than novobiocin, and did not exhibit any suppression of suppressible auxotrophic markers. At the non-permissive temperature, the mutant cells arrested mainly as unbudded cells, and were instantly defective in DNA and RNA synthesis, but not protein synthesis. The cloned wild-type gene was identified as SUP45, which has been previously implicated in the translation process. Our results suggest that SUP45 may have a function in addition to, or different from, the one that has been assigned to it previously.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060509
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  • 90
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    Masthead (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060601
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  • 91
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    Divergence and conservation of SUP2(SUP35) gene of yeasts Pichia pinus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 461-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Omnipotent suppressor ; gene structure ; evolutionary conservation ; codon bias analysis ; Pichia pinus ; yeast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUP2(SUP35) is an omnipotent suppressor gene, coding for an EF-1α-like protein factor, intimately involved in the control of translational accuracy in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.In the present study a SUP2 gene analogue from yeast Pichia pinus was isolated by complementation of the temperature-sensitive sup2 mutation of S. cerevisiae.The nucleotide sequence of the SUP2 gene of P. pinus codes for a protein of 82·4 kDa, exceeding the Sup2 protein of S. cerevisiae by 6 kDa. Like the SUP2 gene product of S. cerevisiae, the Sup2 protein of P. pinus represents a fusion of a unique N-terminal part of a region homologous to EF-1α. The comparison of amino acid sequences of the Sup2 proteins reveals high conservations (76%) of the C-terminal region and low conservation (36%) of the N-terminal part where, in addition, the homologous correspondence is ambiguous.Proteins related to the Sup2 of S. cerevisiae where found in P. pinus and some other yeast species by the immunoblotting technique.The relation between the evolutionary conservation of different regions of the Sup2 protein and their functional significance is discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060603
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  • 92
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    Excessive membrane development following exposure of the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha to oleic acid-containing media (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 511-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Peroxisomes ; oleic acid ; β-oxidation ; membrane proliferation ; Hansenula polymorpha ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We studied the physiological responses of Hansenula polymorpha during adaptation of cells to oleic acid-containing media. Growth experiments indicated that the organism was unable to use oleic acid as the sole source of carbon and energy. However, upon incubation of glucose-grown cells in mineral media containing oleic acid, activities of various enzymes of the β-oxidation pathway were induced. These enzymes were localized in microbodies together with alcohol oxidase. Furthermore, a drastic increase in phospholipid content of the cells was observed; this was due to a rapid proliferation of membranes. These consisted of a variable number of membranous layers which were continuous with the peroxisomal membrane. Upon continued incubation, the membrane proliferations extended and large compartments were formed. This process was dependent on the presence of peroxisomes in the cells since it was not observed in peroxisome-deficient mutant strains of H. polymorpha. The newly formed membranous compartments differed from peroxisomes since they did not contain peroxisomal matrix proteins; these were confined to the single enlarged organelle which was incorporated in the membranous structure and characterized by a large alcohol oxidase crystalloid. The membranous compartments are considered to be whole entities since they could not be separated from the peroxisomes by common cell fraction methods; also they were degraded entirely after a shift of cells to glucose-excess condition.Freeze fracturing reveled that the substructure of the membranes greatly resembled that of normal peroxisomal membranes. Since a distinct enhancement of different peroxisomal membrane proteins was observed during the initial hours after the shift, we assume that exposure of H. polymorpha to acid lead to a drastic overproduction of peroxisomal membranes.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060608
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  • 93
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    Masthead (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060101
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  • 94
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    Yeast flocculation: Cationic inhibition (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 77-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Flocculation ; yeast ; salt inhibition ; pH value ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Yeast flocculation was inhibited by high concentrations of a number of salts. Calcium and magnesiun salts were potent inhibitors and cesium salts were least effective. Partial inhibitors by different salts additive and were completely reversible by salt removal. Inhibition by salts was time dependent; prolonged incubation increased the degree of inhibition. Salt inhibition was partly caused by the action of salts lowering the buffer pH value, and partly caused by chaotropic inhibition of proteins on the surfaces of flocculent cells. Flocculation receptors on non-flocculent cells were ubaffected by high salt concentration. At sub-inhibitory salt concentrations, there was an enhancement of flocculation in both rate and extent.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060109
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  • 95
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    Liposome-mediated introduction of proteins into protoplasts of the yeast Hansenula polymorpha as a possible tool to study peroxisome biogenesis (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 99-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Hansenula polymorpha ; peroxisome biogenesis ; low pH-induced membrane fusion ; alcohol oxidase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Low pH-induced fusion between liposomes and protoplasts of the yeast Hansenula polymorpha was demonstrated using a fluorescent assay and freeze-etch techniques. By this method foreign proteins could be introduced into the cytosol of the protoplast. For instance, after fusion of glucose oxidase-containing liposomes with protoplasts, activity of this enzyme was demonstrated cytochemically in the cytosol of the resulting protoplasts. Similar results were obtained when ferritin-containing liposomes were used. Incorporation of foreign proteins into liposomes was not a prerequisite for their introduction into the cytosol of protoplasts. In experiments where ferritin was added to protoplast suspensions together with empty liposomes, this protein was also delivered to the protoplast cytosol. However, in the absence of liposomes no uptake of proteins occurred.We tested the potential of this system in our studies on peroxisome biogenesis. Protoplasts of glucose-grown H. polymorpha remained stable for prolonged periods in osmotically stabilized cultivation media. Peroxisomes in such protoplasts were capable of protein import and assembly of matrix proteins as was demonstrated by the 20-fold increase in catalase activity after incubation with methanol or ethanol. However, mature alcohol oxidase purified from H. polymorpha introduced into protoplasts of glucose-grown cells of this organism was not targeted to peroxisomes as demonstrated with (immuno)cytochemical techniques. The enzyme remained present in the cytosol while its activity gradually decreased. Therefore mature alcohol oxidase probably does not expose the right topogenic signal(s) for recognition by its target organelle.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060203
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  • 96
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    Twenty years after, but younger than before. The Yeasts, 2nd Edition, Volume 3, Metabolism and Physiology of Yeasts. Edited by A. A. Rose and J. S. Harrison. Published by Academic Press, London and San Diego, at £55 (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 171-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060211
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  • 97
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    Sequence of the yeast gene RVS 161 located on chromosome III (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 173-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060212
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  • 98
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    The start gene CDC28 and the genetic stability of yeast (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 231-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; cell cycle regulation ; CDC28 gene ; rho- mutation ; chromosome loss ; plasmid maintenance ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The cdc28-srm mutation in Saccheromyces cerevisiae decreases spontaneous and induced mitochondrial rhomutability and the mitotic stability of native chromosomes and recombinant circular minichromosomes. The effects of cdc28-srm on the genetic stability of cells support the hypothesis that links cell cycle regulation in yeast to changes in chromatin organization dependent on the start gene CDC28 (Hayles and Nurse, 1986).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060308
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  • 99
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    Masthead (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060401
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  • 100
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    Regulatory DNA-binding proteins in yeast: An overview (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 271-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yeast ; DNA-binding proteins ; transcription regulation ; RNA polymerase B ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060402
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