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  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014  (24)
  • 1935-1939  (8,266)
  • 1890-1899  (12,616)
  • Chemistry  (20,882)
  • ddc:510  (24)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Convexity is an important property in nonlinear optimization since it allows to apply efficient local methods for finding global solutions. We propose to apply symbolic methods to prove or disprove convexity of rational functions over a polyhedral domain. Our algorithms reduce convexity questions to real quantifier elimination problems. Our methods are implemented and publicly available in the open source computer algebra system REDUCE. Our long term goal is to integrate REDUCE as a workhorse'' for symbolic computations into a numerical solver.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: Applications which need exclusive access to a shared resource in distributed systems require a fault-tolerant and scalable mechanism to coordinate this exclusive access. Examples of such applications include distributed file systems and master/slave data replication. We present Flease, an algorithm for decentralized and fault-tolerant lease coordination in distributed systems. Our algorithm allows the processes competing for a resource to coordinate exclusive access through leases among themselves without a central component. The resulting system easily scales with an increasing number of nodes and resources. We prove that Flease ensures exclusive access, i.e. guarantees that there is at most one valid lease at any time.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We propose an efficient column generation method to minimize the probability of delay propagations along aircraft rotations. In this way, delay resistant schedules can be constructed. Computational results for large-scale real-world problems demonstrate substantial punctuality improvements. The method can be generalized to crew and integrated scheduling problems.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: In optimal control problems with nonlinear time-dependent 3D PDEs, full 4D discretizations are usually prohibitive due to the storage requirement. For this reason gradient and quasi-Newton methods working on the reduced functional are often employed. The computation of the reduced gradient requires one solve of the state equation forward in time, and one backward solve of the adjoint equation. The state enters into the adjoint equation, again requiring the storage of a full 4D data set. We propose a lossy compression algorithm using an inexact but cheap predictor for the state data, with additional entropy coding of prediction errors. As the data is used inside a discretized, iterative algorithm, lossy coding maintaining an error bound is sufficient.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-03-11
    Description: Bovine fertility is the subject of extensive research in animal sciences, especially because fertility of dairy cows has declined during the last decades. The regulation of estrus is controlled by the complex interplay of various organs and hormones. Mathematical modeling of the bovine estrous cycle could help in understanding the dynamics of this complex biological system. In this paper we present a mathematical model of the bovine estrous cycle that includes the processes of follicle and corpus luteum development and the key hormones that interact to control these processes. Focus in this paper is on development of the model, but also some simulation results are presented, showing that a set of equations and parameters is obtained that describes the system consistent with empirical knowledge. Even though the majority of the mechanisms that are included are only known qualitatively as stimulatory or inhibitory effects, the model surprisingly well features quantitative observations made in reality. This model of the bovine estrous cycle could be used as a basis for more elaborate models with the ability to study effects of external manipulations and genetic differences.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: Learning during search allows solvers for discrete optimization problems to remember parts of the search that they have already performed and avoid revisiting redundant parts. Learning approaches pioneered by the SAT and CP communities have been successfully incorporated into the SCIP constraint integer programming platform. In this paper we show that performing a heuristic constraint programming search during root node processing of a binary program can rapidly learn useful nogoods, bound changes, primal solutions, and branching statistics that improve the remaining IP search.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We propose a novel integer programming approach to transfer minimization for line planning problems in public transit. The idea is to incorporate penalties for transfers that are induced by “connection capacities” into the construction of the passenger paths. We show that such penalties can be dealt with by a combination of shortest and constrained shortest path algorithms such that the pricing problem for passenger paths can be solved efficiently. Connection capacity penalties (under)estimate the true transfer times. This error is, however, not a problem in practice. We show in a computational comparison with two standard models on a real-world scenario that our approach can be used to minimize passenger travel and transfer times for large-scale line planning problems with accurate results.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: The aim of this paper is to devise an adaptive timestep control in the contact--stabilized Newmark method (CONTACX) for dynamical contact problems between two viscoelastic bodies in the framework of Signorini's condition. In order to construct a comparative scheme of higher order accuracy, we extend extrapolation techniques. This approach demands a subtle theoretical investigation of an asymptotic error expansion of the contact--stabilized Newmark scheme. On the basis of theoretical insight and numerical observations, we suggest an error estimator and a timestep selection which also cover the presence of contact. Finally, we give a numerical example.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Railway scheduling is based on the principle of the construction of a conflict-free timetable. This leads to a strict definition of capacity: in contrast with road transportation, it can be said in advance whether a given railway infrastructure can accommodate - at least in theory - a certain set of train requests. Consequently, auctions for railway capacity are modeled as auctions of discrete goods -- the train slots. We present estimates for the efficiency gain that may be generated by slot auctioning in comparison with list price allocation. We introduce a new class of allocation and auction problems, the feasible assignment problem, that is a proper generalization of the well-known combinatorial auction problem. The feasible assignment class was designed to cover the needs for an auction mechanism for railway slot auctions, but is of interest in its own right. As a practical instance to state and solve the railway slot allocation problem, we present an integer programming formulation, briefly the ACP, which turns out to be an instance of the feasible assignment problem and whose dual problem yields prices that can be applied to define a useful activity rule for the linearized version of the Ausubel Milgrom Proxy auction. We perform a simulation aiming to measure the impact on efficiency and convergence rate.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: This paper presents concepts and implementation of the finite element toolbox Kaskade 7, a flexible C++ code for solving elliptic and parabolic PDE systems. Issues such as problem formulation, assembly and adaptivity are discussed at the example of optimal control problems. Trajectory compression for parabolic optimization problems is considered as a case study.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: In this paper a bottom-up approach of automatic simplification of a railway network is presented. Starting from a very detailed, microscopic level, as it is used in railway simulation, the network is transformed by an algorithm to a less detailed level (macroscopic network), that is sufficient for long-term planning and optimization. In addition running and headway times are rounded to a pre-chosen time discretization by a special cumulative method, which we will present and analyse in this paper. After the transformation we fill the network with given train requests to compute an optimal slot allocation. Then the optimized schedule is re-transformed into the microscopic level and can be simulated without any conflicts occuring between the slots. The algorithm is used to transform the network of the very dense Simplon corridor between Swiss and Italy. With our aggregation it is possible for the first time to generate a profit maximal and conflict free timetable for the corridor across a day by a simultaneously optimization run.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: In solving large polynomial algebraic systems that are too big for standard Gröbner basis techniques one way to make progress is to introduce case distinctions. This divide and conquer technique can be beneficial if the algorithms and computer programs know how to take advantage of inequalities. A further hurdle is the form of the resulting general solutions which often have unnecessarily many branches. In this paper we discuss a procedure to merge solutions by dropping inequalities which are associated with them and, if necessary, by re-parametrizing solutions. In the appendix the usefulness of the procedure is demonstrated in the classification of quadratic Hamiltonians with a Lie-Poisson bracket $e(3)$. This application required the solution of algebraic systems with over 200 unknowns, 450 equations and between 5000 and 9000 terms.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: In the paper arguments are given why the concept of static evaluation (SE) has the potential to be a useful extension to Monte Carlo tree search. A new concept of modeling SE through a dynamical system is introduced and strengths and weaknesses are discussed. The general suitability of this approach is demonstrated. A Remark: Among users of the Internet Go server KGS the abbreviation SE is used for 'Score Estimator'. Although different from 'Static Evaluation' a score estimator is easily obtained from static evaluation by adding up probabilities of chains to be alive at the end of the game or points to be owned by White or Black
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Linear Poisson brackets on e(3) typical of rigid body dynamics are considered. All quadratic Hamiltonians of Kowalevski type having additional first integral of fourth degree are found. Quantum analogs of these Hamiltonians are listed.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: A classification problem is proposed for supersymmetric %scaling\/-\/in\-va\-ri\-ant evolutionary PDE that satisfy the assumptions of nonlinearity, nondegeneracy, and homogeneity. Four classes of nonlinear coupled boson\/-\/fermion systems are discovered under the weighting assumption $|f|=|b|=|D_t|=\oh$. The syntax of the \Reduce\ package \SsTools, which was used for intermediate computations, and the applicability of its procedures to the calculus of super\/-\/PDE are described.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: We consider the problem of constructing Gardner's deformations for the $N{=}2$ supersymmetric $a{=}4$--\/Korteweg\/--\/de Vries equation; such deformations yield recurrence relations between the super\/-\/Hamiltonians of the hierarchy. We prove the non\/-\/existence %P.~Mathieu's Open problem on constructing for of supersymmetry\/-\/invariant %Gardner's deformations that %solutions, retract to Gardner's formulas for the KdV equation %whenever it is assumed that, under the %respective component reduction. % in the $N{=}2$ super\/-\/field. the solutions . At the same time, we propose a two\/-\/step scheme for the recursive production of the integrals of motion for the $N{=}2$,\ $a{=}4$--\/SKdV. First, we find a new Gardner's deformation of the Kaup\/--\/Boussinesq equation, which is contained in the bosonic limit of the super\/-\/%$N{=}2$,\ $a{=}4$--\/SKdV hierarchy. This yields the recurrence relation between the Hamiltonians of the limit, whence we determine the bosonic super\/- /Hamiltonians of the full $N{=}2$, $a{=}4$--\/SKdV hierarchy.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We provide an introduction into the mathematics of and with paths. Not on the shortest, but hopefully on an entertaining path!
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Wir stellen in dieser Arbeit ein mathematisches Optimierungsmodell zur Bestimmung eines optimalen Linienplans vor, das sowohl die Fahrzeiten und die Anzahl der Umstiege berücksichtigt als auch die Kosten des Liniennetzes. Dieses Modell deckt wichtige praktische Anforderungen ab, die in einem gemeinsamen Projekt mit den Verkehrsbetrieben in Potsdam (ViP) formuliert wurden. In diesem Projekt wurde der Linienplan 2010 für Potsdam entwickelt. Unsere Berechnungen zeigen, dass die mathematische Optimierung in nichts einer "Handplanung" des Liniennetzes nachsteht. Im Gegenteil, mit Hilfe des Optimierungsprogramms ist es möglich, durch Veränderung der Parameter mehrere verschiedene Szenarien zu berechnen, miteinander zu vergleichen und Aussagen über minimale Kosten und Fahrzeiten zu machen.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: The paper gathers evidence showing different dimensions of the game of Go: the continuous and discrete nature of the game and different types of relations between state variables happening on ultra local, local, regional, and global scales. Based on these observations a new continuous local model for describing a board position is introduced. This includes the identification of the basic variables describing a board position and the formulation and solution of a dynamical system for their computation. To be usable as a static evaluation function for a game playing program at least group-wide (regional)aspects will have to be incorporated.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The track allocation problem, also known as train routing problem or train timetabling problem, is to find a conflict-free set of train routes of maximum value in a railway network. Although it can be modeled as a standard path packing problem, instances of sizes relevant for real-world railway applications could not be solved up to now. We propose a rapid branching column generation approach that integrates the solution of the LP relaxation of a path coupling formulation of the problem with a special rounding heuristic. The approach is based on and exploits special properties of the bundle method for the approximate solution of convex piecewise linear functions. Computational results for difficult instances of the benchmark library TTPLIB are reported.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: This paper presents a case study on a railway timetable optimization for the very dense Simplon corridor, a major railway connection in the Alps between Switzerland and Italy. Starting from a detailed microscopic network as it is used in railway simulation, the data is transformed by an automatic procedure to a less detailed macroscopic network, that is sufficient for the purpose of capacity planning and amenable to state-of-the-art integer programming optimization methods. In this way, the macroscopic railway network is saturated with trains. Finally, the corresponding timetable is re-transformed to the microscopic level in such a way that it can be operated without any conflicts among the slots. Using this integer programming based micro-macro aggregation-disaggregation approach, it becomes for the first time possible to generate a profit maximal and conflict free timetable for the complete Simplon corridor over an entire day by a simultaneous optimization of all trains requests. This also allows to to undertake a sensitivity analysis of various problem parameters.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: The thesis presents the analysis of a reduced model for modulation of internal gravity waves by deep convective clouds. The starting point for the derivation are conservation laws for mass, momentum and energy coupled with a bulk micro-physics model describing the evolution of mixing ratios of water vapor, cloud water and rain water. A reduced model for the identified scales of the regime is derived, using multi-scale asymptotics. The closure of the model employs conditional averaging over the horizontal scale of the convective clouds. The resulting reduced model is an extension of the anelastic equations, linearized around a constant background state, which are well-known from meteorology. The closure of the model is achieved purely by analytical means and involves no additional physically motivated assumptions. The essential new parameter arising from the coupling to a micro-physics model is the area fraction of saturated regions on the horizontal scale of the convective clouds. It turns out that this parameter is constant on the employed short timescale. Hence the clouds constitute a constant background, modulating the characteristics of propagation of internal waves. The model is then investigated by analytical as well as numerical means. Important results are, among others, that in the model moisture (i) inhibits propagation of internal waves by reducing the modulus of the group velocity, (ii) reduces the angle between the propagation direction of a wave-packet and the horizontal, (iii) causes critical layers and (iv) introduces a maximum horizontal wavelength beyond which waves are no longer propagating but become evanescent. The investigated examples of orographically generated gravity waves also feature a significant reduction of vertical momentum flux by moisture. The model is extended by assuming systematically small under-saturation, that is saturation at leading order. The closure is similar to the original case but requires additional assumptions. The saturated area fraction in the obtained model is no longer constant but now depends nonlinearly on vertical displacement and thus on vertical velocity.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: We propose a hybrid approach for solving the resource-constrained project scheduling problem which is an extremely hard to solve combinatorial optimization problem of practical relevance. Jobs have to be scheduled on (renewable) resources subject to precedence constraints such that the resource capacities are never exceeded and the latest completion time of all jobs is minimized. The problem has challenged researchers from different communities, such as integer programming (IP), constraint programming (CP), and satisfiability testing (SAT). Still, there are instances with 60 jobs which have not been solved for many years. The currently best known approach, lazyFD, is a hybrid between CP and SAT techniques. In this paper we propose an even stronger hybridization by integrating all the three areas, IP, CP, and SAT, into a single branch-and-bound scheme. We show that lower bounds from the linear relaxation of the IP formulation and conflict analysis are key ingredients for pruning the search tree. First computational experiments show very promising results. For five instances of the well-known PSPLIB we report an improvement of lower bounds. Our implementation is generic, thus it can be potentially applied to similar problems as well.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2023-11-03
    Description: In contrast to the well known meshbased methods like the finite element method, meshfree methods do not rely on a mesh. However besides their great applicability, meshfree methods are rather time consuming. Thus, it seems favorable to combine both methods, by using meshfree methods only in a small part of the domain, where a mesh is disadvantageous, and a meshbased method for the rest of the domain. We motivate, that this coupling between the two simulation techniques can be considered as saddle point problem and show the stability of this coupling. Thereby a novel transfer operator is introduced, which interacts in the transition zone, where both methods coexist.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939) 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 129-138 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 145-149 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 150-156 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Bei der Oxydation von Ferrosalzlösungen in alkalischer Lösung entsteht ferromagnetisches δ-Fe2O3.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 173-197 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Studiert wurden die Isothermen des reduzierten Abbaues der folgenden Thioantimonid- und Thiobismutidgruppen Ferner wurden orientierende Versuche über die Aufschwefelung von FeS und Cu2S mit H2S/H2-Mischungen vorgenommen.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 198-208 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Es wurden die Gleichgewichtsverhältnisse zwischen niedermolekularer und höher aggregierter Kieselsäure in verdünnten Natriumsilikatlösungen in Abhängigkeit von [H+], Alter und Art der Säure studiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 232-240 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 217-231 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Untersuchung verschiedener physikalischer Eigenschaften von wäßrigen Jodsäurelösungen wird im einzelnen beschrieben. Durch Anwendung der Mischungsgleichung zur Eliminierung des Lösungsmitteleinflusses werden Kurven über die Abhängigkeit der untersuchten physikalischen Eigenschaft von der Konzentration der Lösung erhalten, die bei 0,1 n und 0,04 n Knicke bzw. Unstetigkeiten aufweisen. Alle Kurven ergeben praktisch das gleiche Bild. Diese Unstetigkeiten werden in der Weise gedeutet, daß bei den genannten Konzentrationen eine Depolymerisation von (HJO3)3 unter Bildung einfacher Moleküle eintritt, wahrscheinlich der Übergang (HJO3)3 → (HJO3)2 → (HJO3). Eine Prüfung der Ramanspektren bestätigte diesen Befund.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 273-283 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 284-288 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939) 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 300-312 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 289-299 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Diethermische, mikroskopische und röntgenographische Untersuchung des Systems Gold-Gallium führte zur Auffindung folgender Phasen:α-Phase. Feste Lösung von Ga in Au, schmales Kristallisationsgebiet. Sättigungsgrenze 26,1 Atom-% Ga bei 352°, Abnahme der Löslichkeit mit sinkender Temperatur (15,8 Atom-% Ga bei 200°, etwa 10 Atom-% Ga bei Zimmertemperatur). Gitterkonstanten der Legierungen der α-Phase von der Gitterkonstante des Au nur wenig verschieden, also praktisch keine Gitterdehnung.β-Phase. Peritektische Bildung bei 352°, Verengung des Homogenitätsgebietes mit sinkender Temperatur, eutektoider Zerfall in α und γ bei 275° und 26,5 Atom-% Ga.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 313-321 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 40
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 322-330 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Aufnahme und Oxydation von Kohlenoxyd in ammoniakalischen Kupfersalzlösungen läßt sich, wenn man von Kupfer-II-hydroxyd bzw. Kupfer-II-karbonat ausgeht, bis zur laufenden Abscheidung von festem Ammonkarbonat(1) entwickeln. Die hier beschriebenen Untersuchungen hatten daz Ziel, den zusätzlichen Einfluß eines oxydierenden Anions der Kupfer-II-verbindungen auf die Kohlenoxydaufnahme zu bestimmen. Kohlenoxyd wirkte bei Zimmertemperatur und gewöhnlichem Druck auf ammoniakalische Lösungen von Kupferchromaten ein.
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  • 41
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 337-354 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 355-368 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Es wurde das magnetische Verhalten von Sauerstoffverbindungen des sechswertigen Chroms, Molybdäns, Wolframs und Urans untersucht.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 1-38 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 44
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 331-336 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: BeO ist durch Ti bei etwa 1400° im Hochvakuum reduzierbar. Es destilliert Be in eine Kondensvorlage über. Das Metall scheidet sich in derselben in Gestalt eines dichten Überzuges ab, so lange die Temperatur nicht gesteigert wird. Bei höherer Temperatur entweicht TiO, das eine pulverförmige Ablagerung des Be in sehr unreiner Form hervorruft.-Das hochsiedende Metall Titan und sicherlich auch Zirkon, das eine noch größere Sauerstoffaffinität besitzt als Titan, können demnach als Reduktionsmittel für Berylliumoxyd verwendet werden, trotz ihrer untergeordneten Sauerstoffaffinität, sofern man die Umsetzung bei genügend hoher Temperatur im Hochvakuum vornimmt, wobei das Beryllium dampfförmig entweichen kann. BeO kann durch Ca bzw. Mg reduziert werden, wenn man die Umsetzung in Gegenwart von sehr fein verteilten Metallpulvern und bei so hoher Temperatur vollzieht, daß das Be in das Metall eingetempert wird. Die Umsetzung wird unter Argon und in Anwesenheit von Chloriden ausgeführt. Die Schmelzen werden magnetisch (Fe, Ni) und naß aufbereitet, die getrockneten Metallpulver werden hiernach brikettiert und unter Argon eingeschmolzen. Am günstigsten ist die Umsetzung zwischen Eisenpulver, BeO und Ca, wobei Nutzeffekte von 60% verzeichnet wurden. Auch Ni—Be ist in dieser Weise Ca-frei herstellbar, wogegen die Reaktion mit Cu ein stark verunreinigtes, Ca-frei herstellbar, wogegen die Reaktion mit Cu ein stark verunreinigtes, Ca-haltiges Cu—Be liefert. Mg ist als Reduktionsmittel weniger geeingnet, weil der Nutzeffekt infolge Bildung von säureunlöslichem MgO und den damit verknüpften Metallverlusten bei der magnetischen und nassen Aufbereitung sehr sinkt.
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  • 45
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 39-41 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 46
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 93-96 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 47
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 76-92 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In Abb. 2 sind die 20- und 100°-Isothermen des Systems ZnO-Na2O-H2O für die NaOH-Normalitäten 1-21 gezeichnet, außerdem die 30- und 40°-Isothermen für 13-20 n. Bei 20° treten als stabile Bodenkörper auf: 1ZnO zwischen 1 und 13,4 n (A-R),2[Zn(OH)3]Na zwischen 13,5 und 19,6 n (R-G),3[Zn(OH)4]Na2 etwa zwischen 19,7 und 20,1 n (G-H),4Gemisch [Zn(OH)4]Na2 und NaOH·H2O jenseits 20,1 n.
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  • 48
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In vorliegender Arbeit wurden die Zwischenzustände untersucht, die bei der Bildung von Magnesiummetatitanat aus MgO und TiO2 durch Reaktion im festen Zustand auftreten. Hierbei entsteht bis zu einer Glühtemperatur von 1200° das Magnesiummetatitanat, Verbindung 2 : 1 oder 1 : 2 ist röntgenographisch noch nicht nachweisbar. Die katalytische Verbrennung von CO + O2-Gemisch, der N2O-Zerfall, die Wasser- und Farbstoffsorption und die Löslichkeitsversuche ergaben einen gleichartigen Verlauf über zwei Hauptgebiete großer katalytischer Wirksamkeit. Nach dem röntgenographisch festgestellten ersten Auftreten von Metatitanatkristallen bei 800° wurde ein weiteres Gebiet hoher katalytisch sorptiver Eigenschaften gefunden, das entweder durch die neue Metatitanatoberfläche oder durch eine Adsorption Ton MgO oder TiO2, am Metatitanat hervorgerufen wird.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 42-56 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Darstellung von duktilem Titan durch thermische Zersetzung von Titanjodid an einem glühenden Draht wird in ihren Einzelheiten beschrieben, ebenso die Bereitung des hierzu benötigten Titanrohmetalls. Der Kerndraht, an dem die Zersetzung des Jodids erfolgt, wird auf eine Temperatur von mindestens 1100° C erhitzt. Die äußere Form der Titanstäbe ist von dieser Temperatur abhängig und gleichzeitig von der Struktur des verwendeten Kerndrahtes (vgl. Ahb. 2). Der Kerndraht befand sich bei den Versuchen in einem Pyrexglasgefäß mit dicken eingeschmolzenen Wolframelektroden, in welchem sich gleichzeitig die erforderliche Menge Rohmetall und eine verhältnismäßig kleine Menge Jod befanden. Dieses Gefäß wird während des Präparierens auf eine geeignete Temperatur erhitzt. Die beim Präparierens auftretenden Erscheinungen werden zu einem wesentlichen Teil durch die Beschaffenheit des Titanrohmetalls bestimmt. Wird von Titanrohmetall in Form einiger Zentimeter großer, poröser Blöcke ausgegangen, wie sie bei der Reduktion von Titantetrachlorid mit Natrium unter bestimmten Umständen erhalten werden können, so findet nicht bei jeder beliebigen hohen Temperatur des Pyrexglaspräpariergefäßes ein Anwachsen des auf eine geeignete Temperatur erhitzten Kerndrahtes statt. Es treten dann jedoch zwei Temperaturgebiete auf, in denen das Präparieren möglich ist: nämlich zwischen 50 und 250°C sowie oberhalb 470° C, während im Zwischengebiet kein Wachsen des Kerndrahtes stattfindet (vgl. Abb. 3). Ist das Präpariergefäß einmal auf eine Temperatur von z. B. 400° C oder höher erhitzt gewesen, so ist das Präparieren bei jeder Temperatur unterhalb 470°C unmöglich. Die Ursache dieser Erscheinungen ist die zwischen TiJ4 und dem Überschuß von Titanrohmetall oberhalb 100° C auftretende Reaktion, bei welcher niedrigeres Jodid gebildet wird. Im niedrigen Temperaturgebiet besteht die Gasphase aus TiJ4, im hohen enthält sie TiJ4 und TiJ2.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 97-106 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Die sogenannten Tetroxyde des Kaliums, Rubidiums und Cäsiums kristallisieren tetragonal im CaC2-Typ mit folgenden Gitterkonstanten: TextKO2RbO2CsO4a5,706,006,28c6,757,037,24
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 107-114 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das Bild, das sich zusammenfassend von dem Ablauf der Fluoraustreibung aus Fluorapatit durch Wasserdampf und Kieselsäure ergibt, ist folgendes: 1Fluorapatit und Kieselsäure setzen sich ohne Wasserdampf nicht um.2Wasserdampf wirkt auf Fluorapatit auch ohne Kieselsäure ein. Dabei tritt nach Entfernung von mehr als der Hälfte des Fluors eine deutliche Abnahme der Umsetzungsgeschwindigkeit ein. Röntgenaufnahmen zeigen, das bis etwa zu dieser Grenze die Fluorapatitstruktur ohne Linienverschiebungen unverändert erhalten bleibt. Erst danach wid der Übergang zu Hydroxylapatit bemerkbar.3Durch Kieselsäure wird der Umsatz von Fluorapatit und Wasserdampf erst oberhalb etwa 1300° beschleunigt. Es bildet sich dann ein kieselsäurehaltiges α-Ca3P2O8.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 134-144 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 115-133 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nach ROSENHEIm und REIHLEN lassen sich gewisse Plato- und Palladokomplexe in optisch aktive Komponenten spalten. Es wurde aber in dieser Arbeit gezeigt, daß ihre Versuchsergebnisse in anderer Weise zu deuten sind.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 305-323 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Untersuchung von Systemen, die Halbmetalle enthalten, f¨r die Aufklärung feinerer Affinitätswirkungen von Bedeutung ist.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 324-337 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 349-360 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 361-371 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wurde reines Ferrobromid durch Synthese aus den reinen Elementen hergestellt, sublimiert und geschmolzen. Das gewogene, von Ferriion vollkommen freie Bromid wurde mit Silber bzw. Silberbromid verglichen.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 338-348 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Die Umsetzung des Quarzes führt in den quaternären Alk2IO-Alk2IIO—SiO2—CO2-Systemen zu denselben Reaktionsdrucken wie in den ternären Alk2O—SiO2—CO2-Systemen. Infolge der besseren Diffusionsmöglichkeit werden auch die Anfangsdrucke der instabilen Metasilikatbildung nach [Alk2 · CO3] + [SiO2] = Alk2SiO3 (feste Lösung) + (CO2) beobachtet. Ein stabiles Gleichgewicht zwischen Quarz und Disilikat liegt auch im quaternären System nicht vor.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 372-380 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Natriumstannat, das aus seinen wäßrigen Lösungen mit konzentrierter Natronlauge ausgefällt wird, enthält stets noch geringe Mengen von Natriumhydroxyd, die auch durch sorgfältiges Auswaschen nicht restlos entfernt werden können. Dieser Gehalt an Natriumhydroxyd bewirkt, daß das feste Salz gegen die Kohlensäure der Luft sehr empfindlich ist. Im übrigen ist Natriumstannat eine durchaus beständige Verbindung.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 381-394 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. HF greift nicht an, wenigstens bis 1200°, Cu; bis 800°, Cu2O und Cu2S; bis 850° SgCl.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 416-417 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 259-263 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Es wurden das Sulfid, das Selenid und das Tellurid des zweiwertigen Europiums hergestellt.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 264-267 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 268-272 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Durch pyknometrische Messungen wurden die aus röntgenographischen Bestimmungen ermittelten Atomvolumina von Europium, Dysprosium und Ytterbium bestätigt.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 304-304 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 242 (1939), S. 70-78 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 242 (1939), S. 63-69 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Die Phasenverhältnisse der Vanadinoxyde entsprechen zwischen VO2 und VO1,5 weitgehend dem System TiO2—TiO1,5. Das Gebiet VO2—VO2,5 ist noch nicht endgültig aufgeklärt.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 242 (1939), S. 87-91 
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 242 (1939), S. 188-192 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 242 (1939), S. 237-248 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 242 (1939), S. 272-276 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Das von O. RUFF und G. MILTSCHITZKY ausgearbeitete Verfahren zur Darstellung des COF wird vereinfacht; es gestattet nun in bequemer Weise beliebige Mengen COF2 herzustellen.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 242 (1939), S. 249-271 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Zirkoniumsulfide wurden unter Druck aus den Elementen hergestellt.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 242 (1939), S. 369-374 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 242 (1939), S. 375-392 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 242 (1939), S. 406-412 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Es wurde eine Analysenmethode für F2-Gas auf O2, entwickelt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 243 (1939), S. 112-112 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 77
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 243 (1939), S. 110-111 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 78
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 243 (1939), S. 113-126 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 243 (1939), S. 127-137 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Struktur des Nitrosylchlorids wird diskutiert. Es wird gezeigt, daß hier Resonanz zwischen drei kanonischen Strukturen möglich ist. Je nachdem man die Literaturwerte für den Cl—N-Ab-stand von 1,95 Å oder 1,7 Å zugrunde legt, gibt die Ionenstruktur oder geben die kovalenten Strukturen den überwiegenden Beitrag zum stationären Zustand.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 80
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 395-415 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der thermischen Zersetzung des Si10Cl20H unter Normaldruck bei 300° entsteht in einer inerten Gasatmosphäre ein fester, gelber Körper von blättriger, amorpher Struktur. Die Analyse ergibt ein Atomverhältnis von Si : Cl wie 1,00:1,00. Bei der Zersetzung mit Kalilauge löst sich der gelbe Körper unter stürmischer Wasserstoffentwicklung vollständig auf. Die Reaktion verläuft nach \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ 2\;{\rm SiCl} + 6\;{\rm KOH} = 2\;{\rm KCl} + 2\;{\rm K}_{\rm 2} {\rm SiO}_{\rm 3} + 3\;{\rm H}_{\rm 2} . $$\end{document}.
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  • 81
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 418-420 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 82
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 421-423 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 83
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 145-157 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Die Reduktion des Nickelsulfides durch Wasserstoff ist umkehrbar. Bei 600° führt sie zu γ-Mischkristallen. Bei 400 und 500° wurden die durch bestimmte H2S/H2-Verhältnisse gekennzeichneten heterogenen Gleichgewichte NiS—Ni6S6, und Ni6S4,9—Ni3S2 beobachtet. Die weitere Reduktion führt zu Mischkristallen, welche sich schließlich trotz beträchtlichen Schwefelgehaltes nicht weiter entschwefeln lassen.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 84
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 158-164 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 165-171 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Im Verlaufe einer Untersuchung über die Analogien des Fluoberyllat-Ions mit dem Sulfat-Ion wurden die folgenden Metallammin -Komplexe dargestellt: [Ag(NH3)2]2BeF4· 2H2O; [Ag(NH3)2]2BeF4; [Cu(NH3)4]BeF4·H2O;[Cu(NH3)2]BeF4;[Zn(NH3)4]BeF4;[Cd(NH3)4BeF4]; [Ni(NH3)4]BeF4; [Ni(NH3)4]BeF4· 2H2O; [Ni(NH3)4]BeF4; [Ni(NH3)4]BeF4·2KJ; [Co(NH3)6]2(BeF4)3· 3H2O; [Co(NH3)6]ClBeF4. Diese Verbindungen sind den entsprechenden Verbindungen, die an Stelle des BeF4,-Radikals das SO4-Radikal enthalten, analog.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 172-178 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Durch Erhitzen von CuF2 im Ammnoniakstrom auf 280° wurde analysenreines Cu3N erhalten.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 196-204 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 205-208 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es werden eine Anzahl Chinolinverbindungen der Zinksalze dargestellt, nämlich: Zinknitratdichinolin, Zinkpropionatchinolin, Zinkbenzoatchinolin, Dizinksulfatchinolin, Dizinkformiatchinolin, Dizink(n-)butyratchinolin, Dizink(n-)valeriatchinolin und Dizink(n-capronatchinolin.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 209-224 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Beim Zerfall der Ammoniumchromate verarmt die Oberfläche wahrend der Einstellperiode an Ammoniak. Dieser Vorgang führt nicht zu einer Übersättigung, die den weiteren Ablauf des Zerfalls hemmen wurde, da ja kein Gleichgewicht zwischen den Reaktionsprodukten und dem Ausgangsmaterial besteht. In der aufgelockerten Oberfläche tritt die Oxydation der Kationen durch die Anionen ein, und diese Reaktion pflanzt sich nach einem einfachen Zeitgesetz durch den Rest des Kristalls fort. Dabei hat sich herausgestellt, daß die amorphen Reaktionsprodukte den weiteren Zerfall katalytisch beschleunigen.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 225-232 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es konnte aus röntgenographischen Untersuchungen geschlossen werden, (daß bei Übergang eines Gemisches von kristallisiertem ZnO und α Fe2O3 in kristallisiertes Zinkferrit amorphe Zustände in größeren Ausmaßen sich nicht entwickeln, sondern daß allerhöchstens die ersten Reaktionshäute von den Dimensionen einiger Molekülschichten ungeordnet auftreten.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 239-258 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Durch DEBYE-SCHERRER-Aufnahmen konnten folgende Strukturen ermittelt werden: Europiumdifluorid besitzt Fluoritstruktur, Kalziumbromid hat Kalziumchloridstruktur. Im Bleichlorid-Typ kristallisieren: Bariumchlorid, -bromid, -jodid, Samarium- und Europiumdichlorid. Ytterbiumdijodid besitzt Kadmiumjodidstruktur, Ytterbiumdichlorid möglicherweise eine verzerrte Flußspatstruktur.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 242 (1939), S. 1-22 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In den binären Legierungsystemen Al—Ti, Al—Zr, Al—Nb und Al—Ta wurden als aluminiumreichste intermediäre Kristallarten die Verbindungen TiAl3, ZrAl3, Nb Al3 und TaAl3 nachgewiesen. Ihre Isolierung erfolgte aus aluminiumreichen Legierungen.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 242 (1939), S. 23-32 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Es werden Fällungen in Lösungen von wasserfreiem Fluorwasserstoff mitgeteilt und damit die Beständigkeit einiger lösungsmittelfremder Anionen in Flußsäure bewiesen. Bisher war ausschließlich das Fluorion als Anion bekannt, wodurch der ganze Charakter der Flußsäurechemie bestimmt wurde. Mit Hilfe von Fällungen durch Silber- und Thalloionen konnten Perchlorat-, Perjodat- und Sulfationen sowie in geringen Konzentrationen Chlor-, Brom- und Jodionen nachgewiesen werden. Diese Anionen sind neben dem Fluorion freilich nur in geringer Konzentration vorhanden, so daß ihr Nachweis bisher nur durch Fällungsreaktionen möglich ist. Lediglich beim Perchlorat kann man aus der starken Abweichung, die die Kurve der molekularen Leitfähigkeiten und Siedepunktserhöhungen zeigt, auf eine etwas größere Konzentration an Perchlorationen schließen. Insgesamt ist zu sagen, daß es zwar gelungen ist, andere Anionen nachzuweisen, daß aber die Eigenart der Flußsäurechemie nach wie vor durch das stets vorherrschende Fluorion bedingt ist.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 242 (1939), S. 33-40 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Rb2O kristallisiert im Anti-CaF2-Typ mit a = 6,742 Å.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 242 (1939), S. 313-368 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Die Darstellung wasserfreier Orthophosphorsäure gelingt aus der Schmelze der Zusammensetzung P2O5 · 3H2O durch Kristallisation bei einer Temperatur knapp unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes durch Impfen. In der flüssigbleibenden Phase, die das Kristallisat wenig benetzt, befindet sich die gesamte Pyrophosphorsäure sowie das Wasser. Alle thermischen Verfahren führen zu einem Gemisch von Ortho-Pyro-Säure.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 242 (1939), S. 302-312 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Geschwindigkeit der Äthylenhydrierung wird an kompakten Kupfer-Nickel-Legierungen untersucht. Kupfer und kupferreiche Legierungen haben eine geringe, Nickel und die übrigen Legierungen eine hohe Aktivität, zwischen den Katalysatoren der Zusammensetzung 19,2 wid 19,8 Atom-% Ni tritt ein sehr steiler Wirksamkeitsanstieg auf. Annähernd bei diesen Konzentrationen tritt auch der Farbwechsel der Legierungen von Rot nach Weiß ein. Die Wirksamkeit der Legierungen von 20-80% Ni übersteigt die Additivität. Diese Verstärkung ist verknüpft mit einer Erhöhung der Aktivierungsenergie (bis 25 kcal) im Vergleich zu den reinen Komponenten (Cu 19,5; Ni 5 kcal); diese Erhöhung wird durch eine Vergrößerung der Zahl der aktiven Bezirke überkompensiert, so daß im Sinne der Systematik der Verstäkungen bei Mischkatalysatoren eine “anormale Verstärkung” vorliegt.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 243 (1939), S. 145-163 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 243 (1939), S. 138-144 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Die Hochtemperaturform des Kaliumhydroxyds kristallisiert in der Kochsalzstruktur.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 243 (1939), S. 164-173 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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