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  • 1990-1994  (84)
  • 1955-1959  (1,063)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1800-1809
  • Industrial Chemistry  (1,117)
  • genetic engineering
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of biologically active hordothionins in tobacco. Effects of pre- and pro-sequences at the amino and carboxyl termini of the hordothionin precursor on mature protein expression and sorting (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 24 (1994), S. 83-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: anti-bacterial protein ; genetic engineering ; precursor processing ; synthetic gene ; thionin ; transgenic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hordothionins (HTHs) are small anti-bacterial proteins present in barley endosperm which are processed from larger precursor proteins, consisting of an amino-terminal signal peptide (SP), the mature highly basic HTH and a carboxy-terminal acidic peptide (AP). Different HTH precursor proteins were expressed in tobacco to study the effects of the pre-sequences (SP) and pro-sequences (AP) on expression, processing, sorting and biological activity and hence the feasibility of engineering bacterial disease resistance into crops which lack these proteins. Maximum HTH expression levels of approximately 0.7% (11 μmol/kg) of total soluble protein in young tobacco leaves were obtained using a semi-synthetic gene construct encoding a complete chimaeric HTH precursor protein. Tenfold lower HTH expression levels (maximum 1.3 μmol/kg) were obtained using synthetic gene constructs without the AP-coding sequence and no expression was found in plants containing synthetic HTH gene constructs without SP-and AP-coding sequences. In both cases where expression was found, the precursors were apparently correctly processed, although the HTH produced in plants containing a construct without AP sequence appeared to be slightly modified. No effect on plant phenotype was observed. Localization studies indicated that the HTH was in identical fractions of plants expressing the two different precursors, albeit at a different ratio, and was not secreted into the intercellular spaces of leaves or culture medium by protoplasts. Our results indicated that the AP is not involved in sorting and suggested that it might facilitate transport through membranes. The in vitro toxicity of HTH isolated from transgenic tobacco plants expressing the two different precursor proteins for the bacterial plant pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis appeared similar to that of the HTH purified from barley endosperm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040576
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coordinate expression of antibody subunit genes yields high levels of functional antibodies in roots of transgenic tobacco (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 26 (1994), S. 1701-1710 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Antibody ; coordinated expression ; genetic engineering ; protein assembly ; root ; secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To explore the feasibility of employing antibodies to obtain disease resistance against plant root pathogens, we have studied the expression of genes encoding antibodies in roots of transgenic plants. A model monoclonal antibody was used that binds to a fungal cutinase. Heavy and light chain cDNAs were amplified by PCR, fused to a signal sequence for secretion and cloned behind CaMV 35S and TR2′ promoters in a single T-DNA. The chimeric genes were cloned both in tandem and in a divergent orientation. The roots of tobacco plants transformed with these constructs produced antibodies that were able to bind antigen in an ELISA. Immunoblotting showed assembly to a full-size antibody. In addition, a F(ab′)2-like fragment was observed, which is probably formed by proteolytic processing. Both antibody species were properly targeted to the apoplast, but the full-size antibody was partially retained by the wall of suspension cells. The construct with divergent promoters showed a better performance than the construct with promoters in tandem. It directed the accumulation of functional antibodies to a maximum of 1.1% of total soluble protein, with half of the plants having levels higher than 0.35%. The high efficiency of this construct probably results from coordinated and balanced expression of light and heavy chain genes, as evidenced by RNA blot hybridization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019485
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotechnology and sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa (1994)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 10 (1994), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Biotechnology ; development ; genetic engineering ; sub-Saharan Africa ; sustainable
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Whether development is defined by the long-standing economic parameter of per capita gross national product (GNP) or by the newly introduced Human Development Index (HDI), which is not based exclusively on per capita GNP, the countries of sub-Saharan Africa rank at or near the bottom of the developing world. Agriculture and agro-based processing are the mainstays of the economies of the majority of these countries. Because of this, and also because many of the diseases endemic in these countries are communicable, the application of modern biotechnology (including genetic engineering, tissue culture and monoclonal antibody technology) and related biotechnologies could play an important part in creating sustainable development in the region. There is, therefore, an urgent need to train more of the region's indigenous citizens, and to equip more laboratories, in modern biotechnology. It is suggested that, in order to accelerate the harnessing of the fruits of biotechnology, more countries in the region should affiliate with the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB). It is further suggested that a regional equivalent of the ICGEB be built and the services of non-governmental biotechnology organizations used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414855
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetically engineered charge modifications to enhance protein separation in aqueous two-phase systems: Electrochemical partitioning (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: aqueous two-phase systems ; β-galactosidase ; T4 lysozyme ; partitioning ; charge modifications ; genetic engineering ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We have examined the effect of genetically engineered charge modifications on the partitioning behavior of proteins in dextran/polyethylene glycol two-phase systems containing potassium phosphate. By genetically altering a protein's charge, the role of charge on partitioning can be assessed directly without the need to modify the phase system. The charge modifications used are of two types: Charged tails of polyaspartic acid fused to β-galactosidase and charge-change point mutations of T4 lysozyme which replace positive lysine residues with negative glutamic acids. The partition coefficient Kp for these proteins was related to measured interfacial potential differences Δφ using the simple thermodynamic model, In Kp = In Ko + (F/RT)Zp δφ. The protein net charge Zp was determined using the Henderson-Hasselbalch relationship with modifications based on experimentally determined titration and isoelectric point data. It was found that when the electropartitioning term Zp δφ was varied by changing the pH, the partitioning of T4 lysozyme was quantitatively described by the thermodynamic model. The β-galactosidase fusions displayed qualitative agreement, and although less than predicted, the partitioning increased more than two orders of magnitude for the pH range examined. Changes in the partitioning of lysozyme due to the various mutations agreed qualitatively with the thermodynamic model, but with a smaller than expected dependence on the estimated charge differences. The β-galactosidase fusions, on the other hand, did not display a consistent charge based trend, which is likely due either to the enzyme's large size and complexity or to nonelectrostatic contributions from the tails. The lack of quantitative fit with the model described above suggests that the assumptions made in developing this model are oversimplified. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260440202
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-assembling biomolecular materials in mediaine (1994)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 56 (1994), S. 168-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: abzyme ; bacteriostatic agent ; bioactive material ; biomimetic structure ; biosensor ; blood coagulation ; ceramic ; coating ; combinatorial synthesis ; drug delivery ; encapsulation ; enzyme ; extracorporeal device ; genetic engineering ; implant ; in vitro enolution ; LB film ; liqid ; liposome ; molecular imprinting ; molecular machine ; nanostructure ; orthopedics ; porey ; engineering ; sensor ; silk ; S-layer ; surface ; smart material ; synthetic chemistry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Materials that mimic or extend the properties of natural molecules are being developed for medical appoications. Recent breakthroughs in genetic engineering, polymer synthesis, molecular self-assmbly and related areas are greatly expanding the variety of structures available for use in physiological settings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240560208
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient fuzzy control strategies for the application of pH-stat to fed-batch cultivation of genetically engineered Escherichia coli (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemical Technology AND Biotechnology 61 (1994), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2575
    Keywords: fed-batch culture ; pH-stat ; recombinant Escherichia coli ; genetic engineering ; fuzzy control ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the cultivation of genetically engineered Escherichia coli it is very important to control the substrate concentration at an appropriate level in order to avoid the accumulation of acetate, thereby elevating the expression level of plasmid-encoded protein. In this paper, a pH-stat mode of fuzzy control was considered for the overexpression of β-galactosidase in the fed-batch cultivation of recombinant E. coli. In the simple pH-stat fuzzy control, the response of pH change in the culture broth to the feeding rate of glucose was used to estimate the glucose consumption rate. In the modified pH-stat fuzzy control, the glucose consumption rate was accurately estimated by using pH change and the change in the carbon dioxide content of the exhaust gas. With this control strategy, the cell density could be increased to 72 g DCW dm-3, which was twofold higher than that attained in the cultivation with the simple pH-stat fuzzy control. The bulk β-galactosidase concentration was increased to 4150 U cm-3, which was threefold higher than when the simple pH-stat control was used.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.280610316
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The true meaning of ‘exotic species’ as a model for genetically engineered organisms (1993)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 49 (1993), S. 225-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Ecological theory ; environmental safety ; exotic species ; genetic engineering ; introduced species ; recombinant DNA ; risk analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The exotic or non-indigenous species model for deliberately introduced genetically engineered organisms (GEOs) has often been misunderstood or misrepresented. Yet proper comparisons of ecologically competent GEOs to the patterns of adaptation of introduced species have been highly useful among scientists in attempting to determine how to apply biological theory to specific GEO risk issues, and in attempting to define the probabilities and scale of ecological risks with GEOs. In truth, the model predicts that most projects may be environmentallysafe, but a significant minority may be very risky. The model includes a history of institutional follies that also should remind workers of the danger of oversimplifying biological issues, and warn against repeating the sorts of professional misjudgments that have too often been made in introducing organisms to new settings. We once expected that the non-indigenous species model would be refined by more analysis of species eruptions, ecological genetics, and the biology of select GEOs themselves, as outlined. But there has been political resistance to the effective regulation of GEOs, and a bureaucratic tendency to focus research agendas on narrow data collection. Thus there has been too little promotion by responsible agencies of studies to provide the broad conceptual base for truly science-based regulation. In its presently unrefined state, the non-indigenous species comparison would overestimate the risks of GEOs if it were (mis) applied to genetically disrupted, ecologically crippled GEOs, but in some cases of wild-type organisms with novel engineered traits, it could greatly underestimate the risks. Further analysis is urgently needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01923530
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the toxicity of purothionins and hordothionins for plant pathogenic bacteria (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 99 (1993), S. 259-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: antibacterial ; antimicrobial ; genetic engineering ; thionin ; toxicity assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Purothionins (PTHs) and hordothionins (HTHs) were purified by cation-exchange chromatography from petroleum-ether extracts of wheat and barley flour respectively. The HTHs could be separated into two fractions, HTH-1 and HTH-2. Radial diffusion assays and micro-plate broth dilution assays with a number of plant pathogenic bacteria showed that these proteins were toxic forClavibacter michiganensis subsp.michiganensis, the causal agent of bacterial canker on tomato,C. m. subsp.sepedonicus, the causal agent of ring rot on potato, andXanthomonas campestris pv.vesicatoria, the causal agent of a spot disease on tomato and pepper. Only minor differences in toxicity between PTHs and HTHs, and between HTH-1 and HTH-2, were detected. Minor differences in toxicity of these thionins were also detected for different strains of these bacteria. The use of these plant proteins for engineering bacterial disease resistance into solanaceous crops will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974307
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The biotechnology of crop legumes (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 74 (1993), S. 165-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: transgenic legumes ; genetic engineering ; particle bombardment ; Agrobacterium ; direct DNA transfer ; crop legumes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The absence of variety-independent gene transfer methods for major agronomic species has, until now, limited the usefulness of recombinant DNA techniques to crop improvement programs. Until recently, only Solanaceous crops could be used to study fundamental and applied problems in plant sciences. During the past five years rapid advances in cell biology, in combination with the development of novel gene transfer methodology allowed utilization of the tools of plant molecular biology in conventional breeding programs. Cereal and leguminous species were considered to be recalcitrant to genetic manipulation. As a result of the development of direct DNA transfer methodology into organized tissue, we are now in a position to introduce any foreign gene into almost all of the major cereals and legumes. This can be achieved efficiently, often in a variety-independent fashion. The object of this review is to provide a comprehensive account of the state of the art in gene transfer for the cultivated leguminous crops. Important oilseed and feed species primarily in industrialized countries, as well as minor but equally important species for sustaining growth populations in developing countries will be examined. Advantages of the various gene transfer methods that were shown to be useful for specific crops, as well as limitations and problems associated with each crop and gene transfer method will be discussed. Data from field trials of transgenic legumes, where available, will be presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040399
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic engineering of grain and pasture legumes for improved nutritive value (1993)
    Springer
    Genetica 90 (1993), S. 181-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Keywords: plant ; genetic engineering ; nutritive value ; agrobacterium ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This review describes work aimed at the improvement of the nutritive value of grain and forage legumes using gene transfer techniques. Two traits which are amenable to manipulation by genetic engineering have been identified. These are plant protein quality and lignin content. In order to increase the quality of protein provided by the legume grains peas and lupins, we are attempting to introduce into these species chimeric genes encoding a sunflower seed protein rich in the sulphur-containing amino acids methionine and cysteine. These genes are designed to be expressed only in developing seeds of transgenic host plants. Chimeric genes incorporating a similar protein-coding region, but different transcriptional controls, are being introduced into the forage legumes lucerne and subterranean clover. In this case the genes are highly expressed in the leaves of transformed plants, and modifications have been made to the sunflower seed protein-coding sequences in order to increase the stability of the resultant protein in leaf tissue. Another approach to increasing plant nutritive value is represented by attempts to reduce the content of indigestible lignin in lucerne.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01435039
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exchange of gene activity in transgenic plants catalyzed by the Cre-lox site-specific recombination system (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 18 (1992), S. 353-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: genetic engineering ; phage P1 ; recombinase ; luciferase ; selectable markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Cre-lox site-specific recombination system of bacteriophage P1 was used to excise a firefly luciferase (luc) gene which had previously been incorporated into the tobacco genome. The excision event was due to site-specific DNA recombination between two lox sequences flanking the luc gene and was catalyzed by the Cre recombinase introduced by cross-fertilization. Recombination resulted in the fusion of a promoter with a distally located hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) coding sequence and the excision event was monitored as a phenotypic change from expression of luc to expression of hpt. The efficiency of recombination was estimated from the exchange of gene activity and confirmed by molecular analysis. The relevance to potential applications of site-specific deletion-fusion events for chromosome engineering are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034962
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advances and prospects in potato virology with special reference to virus resistance (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 98 (1992), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: genetic engineering ; resistance genes ; transgenic virus resistance ; viral genes ; virus interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Knowledge of the nucleotide sequences in the genomic nucleic acid of several potato viruses has enabled the open reading frames to be identified. These open reading frames are expressed by a variety of strategies, to produce proteins with functions in virus nucleic acid replication, virus particle production, cell-to-cell transport of virus and virus transmission by vectors. The activity of such proteins depends on their interactions with other viral or non-viral materials. Several other biological properties of plant viruses can also be related to individual viral gene products. For example, in plants co-infected with a specific pair of unrelated viruses, one virus can benefit from an ability to use the gene product of the second virus in replication, cell-to-cell transport or transmission by vectors. Similarly, different host resistance genes are targeted against viral replicase, movement protein or coat protein. Thus it is becoming possible to relate gene-for-gene (or more accurately, viral gene domain-host gene) interactions to events at the molecular level. Genetically engineered resistance to plant viruses likewise can be targeted against individual viral genes, and probably also against viral regulatory sequences. Such transgenic resistance seems likely to be as durable as conventional host resistance but durability should be improved by producing plants with combinations of resistances of different kinds, either conventional or genetically engineered, or both.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974466
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular breeding for virus resistant potato plants (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 98 (1992), S. 29-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: genetic engineering ; resistance genes ; transgenic virus resistance ; viral genes ; PVX ; PVY ; PLRV
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract To engineer resistance against potato virus X (PVX), the viral coat protein (CP) gene has been introduced into two potato cultivars. Stable expression of the gene in transgenic clones throughout the growing season has been obtained and resulted in considerably increased virus resistance. With varying frequencies depending on the original cultivar used, true-to-type PVX resistant transgenic clones have been obtained. Since deviant light sprout characteristics were invariably associated with aberrations in plant phenotype, they can be used in procedures to early screen for deviations. Furthermore, it has been possible to unequivocally discriminate between the original untransformed and independent transgenic cultivars. Although no relation has been found between the presence, if any, of the CP of potato virus Y (PVY) or potato leafroll virus (PLRV) in CP gene transgenic potato, appreciable levels of resistance to these viruses has been obtained. This suggests that the mechanism by which a viral CP gene in the potato genome evokes resistance, differs amongst various viruses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974469
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics 4 (1991), S. 101-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-322X
    Keywords: agricultural bioethics ; bovine somatotropin ; ownership of germ plasm ; genetic engineering ; animal rights ; intellectual property rights
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01980306
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Normal and lysine-containing zeins are unstable in transgenic tobacco seeds (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 16 (1991), S. 117-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: storage protein ; genetic engineering ; transgenic plants ; zeins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chimeric genes composed of the β-phaseolin promoter, an α-zein coding sequence and its modified versions containing lysine codons, and a β-zein polyadenylation signal were inserted into the genome of tobacco by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. α-Zein mRNA levels in the transgenic tobacco seeds 20 days after self-pollination varied between 1.0% and 2.5% of the total mRNA population. At 25 days after pollination the 19 kDa α-zein was immunologically detected with a polyclonal antiserum in protein extracts from the seeds of transgenic plants. The transgenic plant with the highest level of zein gene expression had an α-zein content that was approximately 0.003% of the total seed protein. The amount of α-zein in other transgenic plants varied between 1 × 10−4% and 1 × 10−5% of the total seed protein. The differences in the amounts of mRNA and protein did not correlate with the lysine substitutions introduced into the α-zein protein. Polysomes translating α-zein mRNA isolated from tobacco seeds contained fewer ribosomes than those from maize endosperm, but this did not appear to be the cause of the inefficient protein synthesis. In vivo labelling and immunoprecipitation indicated that newly synthesized α-zein was degraded in tobacco seeds with a half-life of less than 1 hour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017922
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of cell culture conditions for production of biologically active proteins (1991)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 5 (1991), S. 17-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: genetic engineering ; Namalwa cells ; perfusion culture ; scaling-up ; serum-free medium ; stable production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the basic technology of cell culture conditions for production of useful substances such as cytokines, and related proteins produced by Namalwa cells. Namalwa cells (Klein, 1972), human B lymphoblastoid cells, were used for large scale production of alpha-interferon (Klein, 1979). Namalwa KJM-1, a subline of Namalwa cells, adapted to serum- and albumin-free medium, can grow at a high density above 1 × 107 cells/ml in suspension mode by the use of a perfusion culture system, Biofermenter™, containing a cone-type cell-sedimentation column as cell separator (Sato, 1983). Several kinds of cytokine cDNA can be introduced and expressed in Namalwa KJM-1 cells (Miyaji, 1990a,b,c). Some of these were produced in large quantities by use of a gene amplification method with dhfr (Miyaji, 1990c), even though the Namalwa KJM-1 cells contained endogenous dhfr genes. For stable production of the target protein, Namalwa KJM-1 cells are very useful host cells, because they have no effective endogenous protease activity in the conditioned medium. Using Biofermenter with micro-silicone fibers and a dialysis system, the specific productivity of the target proteins was not depressed at a high cell density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00573878
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The coming revolution of biotechnology: A critique of Buttel (1991)
    Springer
    Sociological forum 6 (1991), S. 551-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7861
    Keywords: agriculture ; capitalism ; development ; world economy ; Third World ; genetic engineering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology
    Notes: Abstract Frederick Buttel was one of the pioneers in studying the social impacts of biotechnology, claiming originally that it will involve profound changes in social structure. Recently Buttel turned around his argument proposing that, rather than revolutionary, biotechnology is more a “substitutionist” technological form to be applied to declining sectors of the economy than an “epoch-making” technology. This paper provides both external and internal critiques of Buttel's new position based on the concept of the “third technological revolution,” looking at the impact of new technologies as a global and interrelated phenomenon, and not on an individual case-by-case basis. The concluding section suggests the necessity of bringing into the analysis those living in the Third World: 60% of this population lives from agriculture and will be affected by the deployment of agricultural biotechnologies, whether through “substitutionism” or through totally new products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01114476
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular biology of rickettsiae (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 7 (1991), S. 207-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Rickettsia ; Intracellular parasite ; genetic engineering ; molecular biology ; rickettsial genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our understanding of the biology of the rickettsiae, organisms that are the archetype of the obligate intracytoplasmic bacterial parasites, remains muddy and fragmentary. For example although we all appreciate that the rickettsiae can exploit their unique environment, the host cell cytoplasm, but are unable to grow axenically, the basis of this fact is still one of microbiology's central mysteries. It is unfortunate, but true, that because of the inherent difficulty of working within this system, progress on the answers to such questions will be slow and laborious. However, with the application of molecular biological methods, that is, the powerful modern approaches of genetics and biochemistry, the rickettsiology community has the realistic prospect that this field is far from being at a stand-still and that significant increases in our comprehension of the fundamental problems of rickettsial biology are occurring and will continue to occur at ever accelerating rates. Some examples, both in terms of scientific conclusions and technical approaches, of the progress made in recent years and expectations for the near future will be presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00145668
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parametric studies of ethanol production form xylose and other sugars by recombinant Escherichia coliFlorida Agricultural Experiment Station Publication Number R-01082. (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 296-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: ethanol ; genetic engineering ; Escherichia coli ; lignocellulose ; xylose ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The conversion of xylose to ethanol by recombinant Escherichia coli has been investigated in pH-controlled batch fermentations. Chemical and environmental parameters were varied to determine tolerance and to define optimal conditions. Relatively high concentrations of ethanol (56 g/L) were produced from xylose with excellent efficiencies. Volumetric productivities of up to 1.4 g ethanol/L h were obtained. Productivities, yields, and final ethanol concentrations achieved from xylose with recombinant E. coli exceeded the reported values with other organisms. In addition to xylose, all other sugar constituents of biomass (glucose, mannose, arabinose, and galactose) were efficiently converted to ethanol by recombinant E. coli. Unusually low inocula equivalent to 0.033 mg of dry cell weight/L were adequate for batch fermentations. The addition of small amounts of calcium, magnesium, and ferrous ions stimulated fermentation. The inhibitory effects of toxic compounds (salts, furfural, and acetate) which are present in hemicellulose hydrolysates were also examined.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380311
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain grafts and Parkinson's disease (1991)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 45 (1991), S. 261-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: tissue transplantation ; catecholamines ; dopamine ; L-DOPA ; genetic engineering ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: In animal models, grafts derived from several different tissues, principally fetal substantia nigra and adrenal medulla from young adults, have been found to be effective in alleviating some of the manifestations of lesions of the substantia nigra. It has been suggested that these grafts function by diffusely secreting dopamine, by exerting trophic effects on the host brain, or by producing a new innervation of the host corpus striatum. Evidence for each of these modes of action is briefly reviewed. Several brain tissue transplantation techniques have been described. Each of these techniques has significant limitations in animal models. The significance of these limitations for human application is described, and possibilities for improving the efficacy of brain tissue transplantation in animal models and for human application are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240450307
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The construction of high efficiency human bone marrow tissue ex vivo (1991)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 45 (1991), S. 268-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: hematopoiesis ; stem cell ; perfusion ; hematopoietic growth factor ; genetic engineering ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The successful ex vivo reconstruction of human bone marrow is an extraordinarily important basic scientific and clinical goal. Fundamentally, the system is the paradigm of a complex interactive tissue, in which the proliferation and regulated differentiation of one parenchymal cell type (the hematopoietic stem cell) is governed by the surrounding stromal cells. Understanding and reproducing the molecular interactions between bone marrow stromal cells and stem cells in tissue culture models is therefore the critical step in successful bone marrow tissue culture. Clinically, successful reconstruction of human bone marrow would permit the controlled production of mature blood cells for transfusion therapy, and immature bone marrow stem cells for bone marrow transplantation. In approaching the bone marrow culture system, we recognize the critical role that hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) play in hematopoiesis. Since stromal cells in traditional human bone marrow cultures produce little HGFs, we have begun by asking whether local supplementation of hematopoietic growth factors via genetically engineered stromal cells might augment hematopoiesis in liquid cultures. The results indicate that locally produced GM-CSF and IL-3 do augment hematopoiesis for several weeks in culture. In combination with geometric and dynamic approaches to reconstructing physiological bone marrow microenvironments, we believe that this approach has promise for reconstructing human bone marrow ex vivo, thereby permitting its application to a variety of basic and clinical problems.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240450308
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetically engineered herbicide resistance, part two (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics 3 (1990), S. 114-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-322X
    Keywords: genetic engineering ; herbicide resistance ; herbicide tolerant crops ; agricultural ethics ; morality ; values ; justice ; sustainable agriculture ; alternative agriculture ; socio-economic effects ; weeds ; biotechnology ; agribusiness ; family farms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Should we continue to support publicly funded research on genetically engineered herbicide resistant crops? In Part One, I discussed the difference between science and ethics, presented a brief history of weed control, and explained three moral principles undergirding my environmentalist perspective. I then argued that unqualified endorsement (E) of the research is unjustified, as is unqualified opposition (O). In Part Two, I argue against qualified endorsement (QE), and for qualified opposition (QO).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02014610
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical analysis of CaMV 35S promoter-β-glucuronidase gene expression in transgenic rice plants (1990)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 15 (1990), S. 527-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: β-glucuronidase ; CaMV 35S promoter ; genetic engineering ; immunohistochemistry ; Oryza sativa ; transgenic rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cauliflower mosaic virus promoter is commonly used to drive transcription of chimeric genes in transgenic plants, including the cereals. To determine the tissue and cell types of cereal plants that the promoter functions in, transgenic rice plants containing a CaMV 35S promoter/GUS chimeric gene were analyzed for GUS activity. Insertion of a 35S/GUS chimeric gene at low copy number into chromosomal DNA of plants regenerated from electroporated protoplasts was confirmed by gel blot hybridization analysis of uncut and endonuclease-digested DNA. Quantitative measurement showed that GUS activity was some tenfold higher in rice leaves than in tobacco leaves [8] whereas activities obtained for rice roots were similar to those reported for tobacco roots. Histochemical localization of GUS activity confirmed that the CaMV 35S promoter functions in cells of the leaf epidermis, mesophyll and vascular bundle. It is also active in the cortex and vascular cylinder of the root, but only marginally active in the root epidermis. The generally similar distribution and levels of GUS activity obtained in differentiated tissue of stably transformed rice plants indicates the value of the CaMV 35S promoter as a positive control for studies in gene activity in transgenic monocots and dicots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017828
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformed plants with elevated levels of chloroplastic SOD are not more resistant to superoxide toxicity (1990)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 14 (1990), S. 501-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: chloroplast SOD ; paraquat ; stress ; genetic engineering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The petunia nuclear gene which encodes the chloroplast isozyme of superoxide dismutase, SOD-1, has been fused with an efficient rbcS promoter fragment and 3′ flanking region and introduced into tobacco and tomato cells. Transformed plants carrying this chimeric gene have up to 50-fold the levels of SOD-1 which occur in wild-type plants. However, tobacco plants with 30-to 50-fold the normal SOD-1 activity do not exhibit resistance to the light-activated herbicide paraquat. Similarly, tomato plants with 2-to 4-fold increases in SOD-1 do not exhibit tolerance to photoinhibitory conditions known to increase superoxide levels (high light, low temperatures and low CO2 concentrations). Our data indicate that increasing the chloroplastic SOD level in a plant cell is not sufficient to reduce the toxicity of superoxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027496
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parasexual fusion products in green algae: Enteromorpha and Ulvaria (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 204-205 (1990), S. 151-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Enteromorpha ; genetic engineering ; micro spectrophotometry ; parasexual fusion ; seaweeds ; Ulvaria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Enteromorpha linza and Ulvaria oxysperma in North Carolina reproduce exclusively by asexual zoospores. Calcofluor white staining indicated that newly released zoospores lack significant cellulose cell wall material, making them suitable for treatment as protoplasts in a parasexual fusion process using high pH-Ca2+, PEG and centrifugation. Presumptive fusion products were identified by their larger size, twin chloroplasts and eyespots, and presence of fluorescence labelled and unlabelled portions. Parasexual fusion and karyogamy were confirmed by elevated levels of nuclear DNA in fusion cell germlings. In addition, aceto-orcein staining of fusion cell products revealed a diploid chromosome complement of 2N = 20 in Enteromorpha linza. Fusion cells were isolated by killing the more numerous adjacent unfused zoospores with 2-3 min exposure to blue light (410–490 nm). Unexposed fusion cells could be readily distinguished and recovered by micropipette at the 10-day stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040227
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New reproductive technologies in the treatment of human infertility and genetic disease (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical medicine and bioethics 11 (1990), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1200
    Keywords: genetic engineering ; human embryos ; medical ethics ; medical technology ; in vitro fertilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract In this paper I will discuss three areas in which advances in human reproductive technology could occur, their uses and abuses, and their effects on society. First is the potential to drastically increase the success rate and availability of in vitro fertilization and embryo freezing. Second is the ability to perform biopsies on embryos prior to the onset of pregnancy. Finally, I will consider the adding or altering of genes in embryos, commonly referred to as “genetic engineering”. As new reproductive technologies pass from experimental models into the potential for medical utilization, I believe that it will be important for lawmakers everywhere to avoid the impulse to outlaw procedures that a society believes to be ‘unnatural’ at a first glance. Rather, I would hope that they can respond thoughtfully with legislation that serves two purposes — to protect the rights of couples to overcome infertility or to reduce the risk of genetic disease in their children-to-be, and more importantly, to protect children-to-be from the abuses that could result from some of the practices that I will discuss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00489454
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  • 27
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    Sodium compounds as catalysts for methanol dehydrogenation to water-free formaldehydePaper presented at the “DECHEMA-Fachausschuß-Sitzung Technische Reaktionen” February 27 to March 1, 1989. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Formaldehyde is produced industrially from methanol by partial oxidation of oxidative dehydrogenation. In these processes, water is formed as a by-product. Anhydrous formaldehyde is required for many syntheses and, therefore, its production is of potential interest. In the present study, catalysts based on alkali compounds were found to be active in the dehydrogenation of methanol if absence of oxygen. Sodium carbonate doped with indium shows a selective of up to 75% for methanol conversion not exceeding 60%.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130120
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  • 28
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    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Cu and K containing Fe/Mn oxide catalysts for fischer-tropsch synthesisDedicated to Professor Dr. Hansjörg Sinn on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 156-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Copper and potassium containing Fe/Mn oxide catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were investigated by X-ray microprobe technique, scanning electron microscopy, low-temperature argon sorption and carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide chemisorption at -80°C. The specific surface areas of the catalysts depend on the preparation method, e.g. addition of K or Cu by coprecipitation leads to an increase while impregnation results in a decrease in surface area. The resulting samples are inhomogeneous, as shown by all method. Mn and especially K accumulated on the surface of the catalysts. Addition of Cu and K considerably altered the selectivity and activity of the Fe/Mn oxide catalyst. High potassium contents produced high olefin to paraffin ratios but these catalysts became rapidly deactivated. Copper and a very small addition of potassium led to a very low olefin to paraffin ratio but showed a high and constant activity.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130122
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    Determination of flooding gas velocity and liquid hold-up at flooding in packed columns for gas/liquid systemsPresented in part at the “GVC-Jahrenstreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Strasbourg (France), September 17 to 19, 1986. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 184-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new model of suspended bed of droplets for describing the vaour or gas the vapour or gas velocity at the flooding point in packed of columns for rectification and absorption under vacuum and normal pressure is presented metallic, ceramic and plastic packings with diameters of 8-90 mm as well on sheet metal and gauze packings, in a wide range of liquid and vapour loads. Approximately 650 literature measurements and own data were evaluated. The mean relative error in determining the gas velocity at flooding point is less than ±5%. On the basis of the double layer model, a new equation was derived for the hold-up at flooding point, which is needed for the calculation of the flooding gas velocity. An example of calculations for sample applications is also included.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130125
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  • 30
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    Electronic Resource
    Batch cooling crystallization at constant supersaturation: Technique and experimental results (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 229-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new laboratory plant for batch cooling crystallization is described, which allows to maintain the supersaturation at a constant level during an experimental run. A method for continuous supersaturation measurements has been developed, using a density meter and a hydrocyclone. Experimental results obtained from a seeded solution in constant supersaturation cooling mode and at constant cooling rate are compared. In the case of a constant cooling rate, the supersaturation passes through a sharp maximum, whereby effective nucleation is enhanced. As a consequence, a smaller median crystal size is obtained than for cooling at constant supersaturation. Equation for controlled cooling at a constant supersaturation require an accurate description of the effective rate of nucleation. Therefore, the mechanical stress, to which the crystals are subjected, must be included as the main source of new nuclei. This is shown by the influence of stirrer on batch time.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130131
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  • 31
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    Thermal decomposition of 2, 3-dimethyl butane: Experiments and mechanistic modelling (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 241-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pyrolysis of 2,3-dimethyl butane (DMB) was carried out in a quartz flow reactor in the temperature range from 740 to 1032 K at normal pressure. The input concentration of DMB was 3.3 × 10-3 mol/1 using argon as diluent. Reaction time ranged between 3.1 and 3.9 s. The following products were analyzed by two-column gas chromatography: hydrogen, methane, ethene, propane, propene, butenes, butadiene, 2-methyl-2-butene, isoprene, benzene and toluene. Compared to thermal decomposition of n-hexane under similar experimental conditions, the main difference concerned the formation of ethylene, ethane and branched alkanes. A reaction model, based on elementary reactions, was developed to predict the experimental results and to verify our data basis of elementary reactions under different conditions. The model gives a quantitative description of the complex chemistry of the process. In addition, an algorithm is presented for model reduction.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130133
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  • 32
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    New and overlooked relationships for turbulent flow in channelsPaper base on a poster at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-In-genieure”, Berlin, September 27 to 29, 1989. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 264-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper describes general, asymptotic and speculative relationships which can be deduced directly from the time-averaged form of the basic, partial-differential model for the conservation of mass and momentum in fully developed turbulent flow of constant-property fluids through round and parallel-plate channels. Such relationship are shown to provide insight as well as useful forms for correlation. Several analogies for flow in round tubes and between parallel plates which have generally been overlooked are reexamined and extended. A generally overlooked anomaly which occurs for flow in concentric, circular annuli, for flow between plates of non-identical roughness, and for the combination of forced and wall-Ind.uced flow between parallel plates is also is noted. The data needed to test the above analogies and to quantify the deviations, if any identified, as well as those needed to generalize the anomalous behavior.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130136
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  • 33
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    Evaluation of standard thermodynamic parameters for the sorption of n-hexane and methanol in zeolites (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 298-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Adsorption isotherms for n-hexane and methanol in mordenite and ZSM5 in the temperature range from 323 K to 473 K were found to be of type 1. The adsorbate-adsorbent interaction (C1) and adsorbate-adsorbate interaction (C2) wee computed according to Bradley and Wilkins model, whereas the Rees and Williams model predicts the adsorption characteristics. Finally, the thermodynamic parameters such as ΔGo, ΔSo, ΔHo, K, K+ have been evaluated for the sorption of n-hexane in mordenite and ZSM5.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130140
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    Heavy metal recovery by extraction and permeation in incineration preocessesPaper presented by H.-J. Bart at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-In-genieure”, Berlin, September 27 to 29, 1989 (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 313-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Incineration processes are critical for the environment. SO2 and NOX removal with processes is nowadays commonplace. Up to now, heavy metal were recovered via precipitation. The alternative use of liquid ion exchange techniques offers an easy re-use of the heavy metals, which are obtained as concentrates. A separation process is described, starting from laboratory experiments and ending with pilot plant field tests. A cost comparison for extraction, permeation and precipitation gives the scope of the necessary expenses for such environmentally controlled processes.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130142
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  • 35
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    Adsorption and catalytic reactions of NO and NH3 on activated carbonPaper presented by E. Richter at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-In-genieure”, Berlin September 27 to 29, 1989 (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 332-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In industrial processes, the reduction of nitrogen oxides by ammonia on activated carbons is carried out at temperatures between 90 and 190 °C. Adsorption of NO and NH3 on the catalyst was investigated separately. Reactions models for NO-reduction by carbon and ammonia were derived from experiments carried out in an integral reactor. In each case, the formation of an adsorbed (NO2)-complex is an important step. The kinetics of both reactions was described by modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood equations.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130146
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  • 36
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    Computation of plate columns for NOx absorption by a new stage-to-stage method (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 289-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new stage-to-stage method has been developed for the calculation of NXx absorption columns. Each stage of the absorption column is simulated as a combination of a bubble column reactor (absorption) and an adiabatic plug for reactor (oxidation). The bubble column reactor is modelled as two single stirred tank reactors, one as a gas-phase and one as a liquid-phase reactor, both coupled by mass and heat transfer. In this hydrodynamic model, a dynamic approach is adopted, in which the gas-phase transport of N2O4 is the limiting step for the absorption. A gas-phasepseudo-enhancement for factor for N2O4 is therefore introduced. The balance equations for a single phase of the bubble column are solved with a Newton-Raphson algorithm. The entire column calculation is divided into a gas and a liquid side. On both sides, the stage-to-stage method is applied in such way that the overall calculation is performed as a loop process. The direction of the loop calculation follows that of the flow: gas-side upwards and liquid-side downwards.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130139
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  • 37
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    A reaction model for the electrochemical synthesis of adipontrile (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 376-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical and experimental study of the electrohydrodimerization process to produce adiponitrile is used to determine an appropriate reaction model. From numerical simulations of five proposed reaction schemes and subsequent comparison with experimental data, the most favoured route is via an anion, intermediate of acrylonitrile. This route, a five step reaction involving electrochemical and chemical reaction in a diffusion/reaction layer, gives good predictions of product distributions over a wide range of current densities and acrylonitrile concentrations of product distributions over a wide range of current densities and acrylonitrile concentrations.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130151
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  • 38
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    Some strategies for the kinetic study of complex heterogeneous catalytic reactions (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 397-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a method of transforming the non-liner regression problem in the kinetic study of complex heterogeneous catalytic reactions into a linear regression problem. Application of this method reduced the number of parameters to be estimated by n-1, where n is the number of independent reactions. In addition, a stepwise model discrimination strategy in introduced to reduce the number of equation sets ad equations in the set undergoing parameter estimation. These two new approaches are very advantageous in reducing the computation effort, especially when the number of independent reactions is large. The linear regression method and the stepwise model discrimination strategy are successfully applied in the kinetic study of the methanol synthesis system in which the formation rates of methanol, methane, ethanol and ethane are considered.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130154
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  • 39
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    Modern carbon fibres from polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-polyheteroaromatics with preferred orientationDedicated to Professor Hansjörg Sinn on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 41-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This contribution presents the mechanical data of high performance carbon fibres currently available on the market, based on experimental studies on stabilization and pyrolysis of PAN (SAF) from Courtaulds. The effects of stabilization and carbonization temperatures on the properties as well as on the ultra- and crystalline structures of the fibres are shown in more detail.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130107
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  • 40
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    Residence time distribution and hold-up in a cocurrent upflow packed bed reactor at elevated pressureDedicated to Professor Ewald Wicke on the occasion of his 75th birthday (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 27-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The residence time distribution in liquid phase was measured in a cocurrent upflow packed bed reactor for the system methanol-hydrogen at low Reynolds numbers and at elevated pressure. The plug flow with axial dispersion model was used to describe mixing in the system. The imperfect pulse method was used to measure the system response to a tracer pulse input. The parameters were calculated using the weighted moments method. The influence of the weighting factor was investigated. The experimental and theoretical outputs, as calculated by convolution, agreed very well. Different types of correlations were used for the Bodenstein number and liquid hold-up. From these correlations, the optimal one was selected for each parameter. A comparison was made between the ordinary moments and the weighted moments methods which led to the conclusion that the latter method is superior with respect to the accuracy of the estimated parameters and therefore strongly recommended.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130106
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    Modelling of a fluidized bed bioreactor for immobilized enzymes (Part 1)Paper presented by T. Kiesser at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Hannover, September 21 to 23, 1988. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 20-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the first part of this paper, a mathematical model is presented for a liquid fluidized bed bioreactor using immobilized enzymes with reversible Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The model is based on the axial dispersion model for the bulk liquid phase. Inter- and intraparticle mass transfer as well as enzyme catalyzed reaction inside the porous beads are considered. The overall efficiency of the biocatalysts is calculated by a numerical routine. For the calculation of the concentration profile inside the reactor, a semi-analytical solution is derived which takes into account the height dependence of the effectiveness factor.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130105
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    Influence of feed solids concentration on the performance of hydrocyclonesPaper presented by Th. Braun at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Hannover, September 21 to 23, 1988. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 15-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Even though the influence of solids concentration in the feed on the separation efficiency of hydrocyclones has long been recognized, a systematic research on the change in pressure drop across the hydrocyclone and the latter's separation characteristics has thus far been lacking. If all other operating parameters are kept constant, an increase in feed concentration generally leads to a coarser cut size, reduced sharpness of separation and a rise in pressure drop. Apart from the particles hindering one another's radial motion, the limited capacity of the apex valve and the changes in the flow field within the hydrocyclone cause additional particles to be entrained by the overflow. The flow ratio thus becomes an additional parameter in determining the cyclone efficiency. A theoretical model, which takes these effects into account, has been developed and successfully tested against experimental data.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130104
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    Effect of nuclei storage and growth rate dispersion on the transient behaviour of continuous crystallizers (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bench scale experiments and computer simulations of transient crystal size distributions obtained in a 1.4 m3 sucrose crystallizer, which prove the existence of nuclei stock, are presented. This stock represents a large number of non-growing nuclei, which can be activated at increased supersaturations. The nuclei stock attenuates the dynamic behaviour of crystallization process.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130109
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    On supersaturation during mass crystallization from solutionPaper presented by M. Kind at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Hannover, September 21 to 23, 1988. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 50-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Supersaturation is the driving force for crystallization from solution. For design and operation of crystallization processes, it is necessary to apply a set of criteria for the determination of appropriate or even optimum supersaturation. In this paper we present and discuss the results of our experimental and theoretical investigations on supersaturation during crystallization from solution. While the determination of the metastable zone width of the solution is frequently applied as a fast check on solution behaviour, we demonstrate that the determination of the induction period of the supersaturated solution is a useful aid in ascertaining the maximum allowable supersaturation. Theoretical considerations and experiments confirm that the induction period dependssoley on growth kinetics if secondary nucleation is the predominant mechanism. In order to avoid uncontrollable spontaneous value of between 70 and 130 μm during crystallization. Since growth kinetics turns out to be the only important system property for the determination of maximum possible supersaturation, we conclude the paper with some arguments concerning a closed representation of growth kinetics.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130108
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    Biological treatment of effluents from a coal tar refinery using immobilized biomassPaper presented by P. Hüppe at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Hannover, September 21 to 23, 1988. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 73-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An airlift-loop reactor with a fluidized bed was used for the microbiological removal of a complex mixture of aromatic substances originating from coal tar process waters. A specially adapted mixed microbial culture derived from several soil and sludge samples was immobilized on fluidized sand particles and retained in a reactor at high biomas concentrations of 3 to 16 g dry matter per liter, depending on the COD-load. In a two-stage pilot plant, those aromatic substances which passed through the first stage either unaltered or only partially oxidized were effectively eliminated by the immobilized biomass in the second stage. Whereas most of the waste water components such as phenols and quinoline were already degraded by a conventional activated sludge system in the first stage, the majority of nitrogen-containing aromatic bases could be sufficiently eliminated with specially adapted micro-organisms in the second stage. Although the COD-feed load was increased to 12 and 15 kg m-3 d-1 in the first and second stages, respectively, it was removed to the extent of 87% on the average with an overall residence time varying between 11.5 and 29 h.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130110
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  • 46
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    Foam breaking by high speed rotors (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 86-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The first part of this paper presents a relationship for the minimum velocity of rotating installations for foam breaking. The derivation is based on equilibrium of inertia and surface forces. Inertia forces occur during the acceleration of foam bubbles and act mainly at the plateau borders. High and definite acceleration can be obtained with a deformer composed of a rotor and a stator. The surface force is due to the dynamic surface tension because surface-active solutions react to a rapid change in surface area by altering their surface tension. The theoretical relationship is compared with experimental results of minimum velocities needed to break foams produced from aqueous solutions of detergents. The equation presented here explains why measured minimum velocities often range between 10 and 20 m/s. The second part of the paper deals with condensation of continuously generated foam in a closed system. In the process of condensation, foam is not completely separated into liquid and gas phase but turns into foam with small bubbles and high density. The collapse of this condensed foam must be considered for the control of persistent foams in a closed system. The collapse of foams made of aqueous solutions of different surface-active agents has been investigated. Different highly surface-active agents show small variations in times of coalescence. A relationship for the lifetime is given, which is based on laminar flow along plateau borders. Recommendations are made with respect to the geometry of the foam breaker, scale-up and operating variables such as rotational speed of the foam breaker and gas flow rate.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130112
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  • 47
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    Mixing in continuous DTB and FC crystallizers (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 349-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Owing to imperfect mixing, the theoretical prediction of CSD for an MSMPR crystallizer deviates from the experimental results. In the present work, different modelling approaches were adopted to account for incomplete mixing in DTB and FC crystallizers. For DTB crystallizers, compartmental model, based on an earlier work of Nyvlt et al. has been proposed. For FC crystallizers, a mixed model comprising perfectly mixed and plug flow regimes has been put forward. This is based on the tracer response studies reported by de Jong. Predicted results were compared with experimental data of Bennett and van Buren for continuous urea crystallizers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130148
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  • 48
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    Selection and design of aerobic bioreactorsModified version of a paper presented by A. Mersmann at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Berlin, September 27 to 29, 1989.Dedicated to Professor Kurt Dialer on the occasion of his 70th birthday (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 357-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Compared to chemical reactors, there are additional requirements to be considered when selecting and designing a bioreactor. The cultivated organisms and most of the desired products are to a greater or lesser extent sensitive to temperature, pH and Shear stress. Furthermore, sterilization often plays an important role in maintaining a monoseptic process. Many design procedures for chemical reactors can be applied but requirements which are relevant to the biological system are sometimes decisive. Consequently, it is useful to first consider the essential features of the organisms with respect to the selection and design of bioreactors. Attention must be paid to the fermentation medium because its flow behaviour can range from slightly viscous and Newtonian to highly viscous, non-Newtonian. Many papers deal with low viscosity fermentation broths [1-5]. However, little is known about the design of bioreactors for highly viscous non-Newtonian liquids. Fundamentals for the design of bioreactors are presented. It has been attempted to apply theoretical equations suitable for both, low viscosity Newtonian and high viscosity non-Newtonian fermentation broths. Apart from the calculation procedure for the OTR-values, the difference between global and local values within bioreactor is demonstrated by means of velocity and shear stress profiles. Special requirements for bioreactors such as prevention of excessive foaming, shear sensitivity of micro-organisms and cell-lines and effective sterilization are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130149
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  • 49
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    Monte carlo simulation of transient CSD in a continuous crystallizer (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 392-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A Monte Carlo simulation scheme is proposed for transient crystal size distribution in a continuous crystallizer. The suggested scheme can taken into account dispersion effects of growth rate, shape factor and birth size on crystal size distribution. This method is simple and more versatile than solution of the number balance equation or the finite-state Markov chain model. The proposed algorithm of the process has a very simple structure and can be easily implemented on a personal computer. The present contribution is extension of an earlier work of Sen Gupta and Dutta.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130153
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  • 50
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    Fluid dynamics of pulsed sieve plate extraction columnsPaper presented by M. Lorenz at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-In-genieure”, Berlin, September 27 to 29, 1989. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 411-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The presented contribution reports on comprehensive hydrodynamic investigations in two pulsed sieve-plate extraction columns (PSE) on a pilot scale. The experiments were conducted with three different sieve plate geometries employing test systems recommended by EFCE, under varying pulsation conditions and throughputs. The results of the investigation add to the existing knowledge of relationships between hydrodynamic parameters, drop size, hold-up, flooding throughput and mixing and operating parameters. They also provide useful information for scale up, selection of sieve-plate geometry, most favorable operating range, and constructive design of equipment. On the basis of measurements, analytical methods are recommended for prediction of PSE hydrodynamics.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130156
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    The implications of carboxylic acid propertiesDedicated to Professor, Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Hilger on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 304-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Some properties of carboxylic acids are reviewed, with emphasis on recent experimental data, Qualified, consistent latent heat of vaporization data were developed for the series and a two-population viewpoint is suggested. The equation of state formulated by Grenzheuser [1] is also recommended as a practical tool, and its further development is urged.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130141
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    The linear relationship between stoichiometry and dimensional analysis (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 328-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The linear algebraic character of the formal representation of chemical species and their reactions is compared with the procedure of searching for dimensionless numbers in a set of physical quantities. A straightforward algorithm is presented to find a finite set of solutions to the relevant system of “balance equations”, the so-called minimal (or simple) solutions. At the third stage of the hierarchy thus established, “mechanisms” among reactions as well as “representations” among dimensionless group can also be defined.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130145
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    A fluid-dynamically based model of bubble column reactorsPaper presented by H.-E. Gasche at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Berlin, September 27 to 29, 1989. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 341-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A heterogeneous fluid dynamic model has been developed to describe the complex flow structure of two-phase in bubble columns. The equation of continuity and momentum balances form the basis of the model. Coupling of the two phases occurs via an interaction force, deduced by a force balance around a single rising bubble. Multiphase flow mixing processes are taken into consideration by introducing turbulent viscosities of the two phases involved. The Simulation program was extended to reactive system, taking into account the mass balances of a second order gas-liquid chemical reaction as well as the different absorption/reaction regimes. The gas phase concentration profiles show pronounced axial and radial dependences, while the liquid phase can be regarded as a CSTR with respect to the liquid component. With reference to the gaseous component, which is being absorbed in the liquid phase, the degree of back mixing does not show CSTR behaviour as the influence of different absorption conditions in different axial and radial reactor positions is superposed on that of turbulent motion of the liquid carrier of the dissolved gaseous component.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130147
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    Masthead (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130101
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  • 55
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    Study on dynamic behaviour of thermally coupled distillation processes (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 119-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A dynamic mathematical model has been developed which is suitable for thermally coupled distillation processes. An algorithm known as the equation-decoupled method was used for simulation. EPISODE software and LU decomposition method were adopted to solve the ordinary differential and algebraic equations of the model, respectively. The initial conditions, viz. a solution for the steady state of the process in dynamics simulation were obtained by means of modified Naphtali-Sandholm algorithm. Research on the dynamic behaviour of thermally coupled distillation processes was carried out on two examples. It was found, via the dynamic simulation, that a disturbance in the distribution of vapour coupled stream has a large effect on the composition of vapour side withdrawal and, similarly, for liquid coupled stream, on that of liquid side withdrawal when the fraction of side withdrawal is fixed, and a smaller effect when the quantity of side withdrawal is fixed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130116
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  • 56
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    Growth rate dispersion in a continuous sucrose crystallizer and its effect on CSD (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 196-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A Random Crystal Growth (RCG)model is proposed to predict CSD in a continuous MSMPR crystallizer when the crystals exhibit growth rate dispersion. RCG model links two well-known models of growth rate dispersion, namely the Random Fluctuation (RF) and Constant Crystal Growth (CCG) Models. Monte Carlo simulation has been employed to solve the model equations. Predicted results are compared with experimental CSD data on sucrose reported by Bennett.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130126
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  • 57
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    Simple new formulae for efficiency and mean temperature difference in heat echangersPaper based on a poster presentation at the “Jahrestreffen der Ver-fahrens-Ingenieure”, Berlin, Sept. 26 to 29, 1989 (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 237-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The well-known formulae for efficiency and mean temperature difference of a heat exchanger as functions of its numbers of transfer units, or dimensionless lengths, can be written in a more compact form by introducing the auxiliary function ϕ(x) = x/(1 - e-x). The resulting new formulae show a number of advantages: They are shorter, easier to memorize, and in many cases the limiting values can be seen more directly. They may therefore contribute to easier and faster heat exchanger design, and to reduced probability of errors in the relevant calculations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130132
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    Deasphaltization and demetalling of heavy crude oils and distillation residues with CO2 (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 258-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Deasphaltization of heavy crude oils and distillation residues may reduce the metal content of these oils to such an extend that the upgrading of deasphaltized oil in a catalytic process becomes economically feasible. Experimental results of deasphaltization of Boscan crude from Venezuela, using subcritical and supercritical carbon dioxide as deasphaltizing agent, are presented. Deasphaltization and demetalling with CO2 in the supercritical state is more effective. Under favorable conditions, the deasphaltized oil contains practically no asphaltenes and the metal content is reduced by 690 wt-%. The influence of n-heptane or n-pentane addition to the crude, which lowers viscosity and promotes flocculation, is also discussed. Furthermore, a multistage deasphaltization process is more efficient than a single stage process.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130135
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    Sensitivity analysis of catalytic conversion of n-C6 (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 277-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The present paper is a case study of an application of sensitivity analysis in chemical kinetics. Emphasis is laid upon chemical interpretation of sensitivity information and on identification of the most important model important model parameters. The kinetic model for reforming of C6 hydrocarbons proposed by Mobil [14] is extended to the analysis of the behavior of n-hexane conversion in an adiabatic reactor. The importance of six initial conditions (feed composition and initial temperature) is analyzed by the computation of normalized first order sensitivity gradients (y1o/y) (δyi/δy1o). The relative importance of 21 model parameters αj is estimated by the computation of normalized sensitivity gradients of the type (αj/yi) (δyi/δαj). The influence of the decisive model parameters ΔH6o and ΔH3o (activation enthalpies of benzene hydrogenation and methyl cyclopentane isomerization, respectively) as well as operating parameters is presented. The problem of uncertainly in the value of ΔH6o and its influence on the model solution is also sown. Finally, some advantages of the application of normalized gradients of the explanation of process behavior are discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130138
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    Modeling and simulation of reactions involving bifunctional catalysts (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 319-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model based on experimental results is set up for a typical model reaction of hydrocarbon reforming, namely the dehydroisomerization of methyl cyclopentane. Computer simulations shows that the existing theory about the reaction path of hydrocracking reactions involving bifunctional catalysts may be only partly valid.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130143
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    Inertial deposition on front and rear sides of ribbons at intermediate and high reynolds numbers (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 322-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Deposition of particles from gas flows on ribbons in normally expected on the front side. Collision efficiencies of ribbons are presented for this case, obtained by means of single particle trajectory computation, which is based on numerically determined flow fields in the Reynolds number range between 2 and 50 and on the potential flow model. Further, it is shown, that deposition of particles on the rear side can be caused by eddylike motion of the fluid in the wake of the ribbon. For this to occur, two conditions must be fulfilled: the free shear layer between the wake and the outer flow must be turbulent to cause lateral transfer of particles into the wake and the Stokes number may not exceed 0.5.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130144
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    Anodic dehalogenation of 1,2-dichloroethane in aqueous electrolytesDedicated to Professor Dr. Karl-Hans Simmrock on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 371-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A solution of 0.1 M 1,2-dichloroethane in 1 M H2SO4 was anodically converted to CO2, Cl2 and HCIO4 as the main products at smooth platinum. The current efficiency for CO2 exceeds 60% at low current densities, while HClO4 is obtained with about 20% current efficiency. Chlorinated products such as 1,2′,2-trichloroethane are formed in negligible amounts. Platinum plays a distinctive role as anode material and shows a reaction limited anodic prewave. Our experimental findings lead to a mechanism, whereby DCE is initially hydroxylated to form chloroacetaldehyde chlorohydrin which releases HCl and becomes rapidly further oxidized to monochloroacetic acid. The cleavage of the C—C bond proceeds via its anodic decarboxylation. Possible practical applications in the field of anodic water purification and in the direct electrosynthesis of vinyl chloride are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130150
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    Collection of fine adhesive and cohesive dusts with pluse-jet fabric filersPaper presented by E. Schmidt at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Berlin, September 27 to 29, 1989. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 402-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The collection of reactive and therefore extremely adhesive and cohesive fine particles (〈 1 μm) by means of bag filters with pulse-jet cleaning may present problems. The electron-beam dry scrubbing (EBDS) process, used to remove SO2 and Nox in a power plant of the Badenwerk AG, Karlsruhe, serves as an example. To solve the occurring problems and achieve a satisfactory filter performance, extensive know-how of process engineering is necessary. This contribution deal with the following aspects: construction of the cleaning system, selection of filter medium, precoating, and dosage of an auxiliary dust during filtration.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130155
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    Measurement of transient deformations by double-pulsed holographyPaper presented by M. Hajduk at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Hannover, September 21 to 23, 1988. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Holographic interferometry is used for the determination of surface deformation of items of equipment. The material failure which caused the surface deformation can then be identified. Because a double-pulsed laser is used to plot the hologram, non-vibration stabilized holographic equipment is necessary. Thus, non-destructive testing of equipment components is also possible during plant operation. In this report, we present the experimental results of non-destructive testing of composite materials. We examined centrifugally cast pipes and filament wound pipes, which were made from glass fibre reinforced plastic and carbon fibre reinforced graphite. As a rule, the severity of failure is characterized by the apparent perturbation of its holographically stored fringe pattern. In this report, we present the experimental results which yield the relationship between the perturbation of interference fringes and the extent of the specific types of failure. Measurement results were compared with displacements calculated by the finite element method. By using the interferogram, and with the knowledge of tension stress beneath the surface, the size of the crack can be estimated. The size of the smallest detectable flaw was clearly smaller than the critical flaw size. Thus, holographic interferometry is suitable for detecting damage to cylindrical containers.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130102
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    Breakthrough behaviour of a binary gas mixture with azeotropic adsorption equilibriumPaper presented by C. Persichini at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Hannover, September 21 to 23, 1988. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 8-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This contribution reports on the breakthrough behaviour of binary gas mixtures with ideal and non-ideal multicomponent adsorption equilibria. Investigations were carried out on mixtures CO2/C2H4 and C2H4/C2H6, both adsorbed on molecular sieve 5A (ms5A). The adsorption equilibrium of the system CO2/C2H4/ms5A may exhibit azeotropic behaviour, which subsides with decreasing active pressure (= sum of partial pressures of adsorbable components) or on raising the temperature. In contrast, the system C2H4/C2H6/ms5A maintains its ideal behaviour also at higher active pressures or lower temperatures. Attempts to calculate the non-ideal adsorption equilibrium from measured single component isotherms have failed when known models were applied. The investigation of the effect of azeotropic equilibrium on the fixed bed adsorption led to intersecting breakthrough curves of the two components. This behaviour is due to a displacement of equilibrium caused by the change in the active pressure and partial pressures, and a superposed temperature effect. This can be shown by calculating the breakthrough curves with the equilibrium model.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130103
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    Modelling of a fluidized bed bioreactor for immobilized enzymes (Part 2)Paper presented by T. Kiesser at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Hannover, September 21 to 23, 1988. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 80-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the first part of this contribution, a mathematical model was presented for a liquid fluidized bed using immobilized enzymes, with reversible Michaelis-Menten kinetics. This part is focused on the experimental results. The reaction kinetics of native and immobilized enzymes was determined in continuous stirred tank reactors under comparable conditions. The influence of external mass transfer was investigated in a fixed bed reactor column. The extend of pore diffusional resistance was examined in a continuous stirred tank reactor and with a numerical simulation. Hydrodynamics was measured in different reactor columns (diameter dt = 0.052 - 0.225 m; length L: 1.0-2.0m) and with a static mixer. Further, the concentration profile was determined in a fluidized bed reactor with side stream analysis for different biocatalyst samples, fluid velocities and bed heights. The simulation of experimental results indicates that they are well described by the developed model. Furthermore, the model is well suited to predicting the influence of specific parameters on the effective kinetics of the biocatalyst and the expansion of the fluidized bed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130111
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    Absorption of NO2/N2O4 in nitric acid (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Laboratory-scale measurements were performed on the absorption of NO2 gas into diluted nitric acid. The concentration of NO2 gas, which represents an NO2/N2O4 equilibrium, varied from 1000 to 20000 ppm, the carrier gas being nitrogen. The concentration of nitric acid ranged from 15 to 60 mass-%. The absorption experiments were carried out in a double stirred cell, with a defined gas/liquid interface as the mass transfer area. The liquid phase was conducted periodically and the gas phase continuously. Mass flow rates were determined. The well-known film model of absorption was used for analyzing the experimental results. Only the N2O4 species was considered to pass the gas/liquid interface. The measured data yielded values of HN2O4(k D1)1/2 as well as their variation with temperature and nitric acid concentration.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130113
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    Modelling of thermal desorption of active coke loaded with sulphuric acid and ammonium sulphatePaper presented at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Hannover, September 21 to 23, 1988. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 101-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The BF-Uhde-Mitsui Process uses active coke for SO2- and NOx-removal from flue gases in the temperature range between 100 and 190 °C, Experimental methods of thermal regeneration were applied to the evaluation of the state of the adsorbent after use in flue gas cleaning and of the parameters for disrober design. A reaction model was derived from experiments carried out in differential and back-mix reactors. The parameters were evaluated by adaptation of the model to the adsorption spectra. The model was successfully applied to the regeneration of active coke in a fluidized bed reactor.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130114
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    Mass transfer in countercurrent and cocurrent bubble columns (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The hydrodynamic and mass transfer characteristics in countercurrent, cocurrent and liquid batch operations with various Newtonian liquids were studied experimentally using the same bubble column. Taking the effect of gas sparger geometries, operating variables and liquid properties into account, empirical correlations were obtained for the gas hold-up and the volumetric liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130115
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    Critical temperatures and pressures and high temperature vapour pressures of seven alcohols (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Critical temperatures and pressures have been determined experimentally for the four lowest n-alcohols, 2-propanol, 2-butanol, and 2-methyl-1-propanol, and are given in the penultimate line of Table 3. The last line of Table 3 lists the weighted mean critical pressures, with the corresponding critical temperatures obtained from he vapour pressure equation. Comparison with the corresponding data from standard reference books reveals deviations from the experimental data in some [2, 4] and incorrect critical pressure for ethanol in all five reference books quoted in Table 3. In addition, vapour pressure data were obtained for the same alcohols in the temperature range approaching the critical point. The measurements are reproduced by the simplified Clausius-Clapeyron equation with the constants and standard deviation given in Table 2.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130117
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    Influence of geometric and thermophysical properties of reaction layer on sulphur dioxide oxidation in transient conditions (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 131-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide oxidation process in a fixed bed catalytic reactor is simulated in the case of cyclic change in the direction of the reaction mixture feed. It is shown that, for transient condition, the amount of catalyst in the reactor may be substantially reduced by its partial substitution with inert material of suitable form, dimensions and thermophysical properties, at the end of the layer. This makes the direct regenerative heat transfer process in these zones controllable, producing the same conversion and overall height of the layer. The results are significant for sulphuric acid production from gases poor in sulphur dioxide.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130118
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    Influence of gas flow on heat transfer in film condensation (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 136-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: For the dimensioning of condensers in film condensation, the heat transfer coefficient between film surface and cooled tube wall must be known. Generally, Nusselt equations are used which have been verified by experiments. When there is no significant gas flow, a large number of equations correlate the experimental. data very well. The description of heat transfer enhancement by a significant gas flow is not sufficiently covered by the available literature. For film wise condensation in a vertical tube, a calculation method is presented which reproduces this phenomenon characterized by the interfacial shear stress at the film surface. This method is based on the assumption that, in the proximity of gas flow, the condensation process also affects the interfacial shear stress. A comparison with known experimental local Nusselt numbers showed a good agreement with water as the fluid. For test fluid MWA, which was used by Blangetti, the measured values show only a moderate agreement with theoretical calculations. Possibly, this is related to entertainment which occurred during measurements at film Reynolds numbers of over 80.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130119
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    Formation of Di-isobutene, main by-product of methyl tertiary butyl ethyl ether synthesis catalyzed by ion exchange resin (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 150-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental set-up is presented for the measurement of steady-state reaction rates in the liquid phase methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) synthesis from isobutene and methanol using ion exchange resin as catalyst. This apparatus was used for a separate investigation of the main side reaction, i.e., the formation of isobutene dimers (DIB), in the temperature range between 60 and 90°C. The reaction catalyzed by Amberlyst 15 (A15) showed no steady-state behaviour, but the catalytic activity declined at a rate dependent on the reaction conditions. Time constants for activity loss were determined in the range from 3.5 to 30 h. The deactivated A15 catalyst could be regenerated through MTBE synthesis experiment. Deactivation is assumed to be caused by blocking of the microparticle gel phase by higher isobutene oligomers. The DIB formation, using 1-butene as solvent, was of 2nd order with respect to isobutene and showed an apparent activation energy of about 40 kJ/mol.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130121
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    Evaluation of plug flow assumption in packed beds (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 161-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Knowledge of modelling and computer simulation is an essential prerequisite for type design and operation of packed bed systems. Unfortunately, the existing models are based on a number of weak assumptions of which plug flow can be considered as a common deficiency. Such a simplification would inevitably have a noticeable bearing on the accuracy of the final design and consequently calls for the development of a coherent mathematical description of the packed bed systems so that reliable design information can be explored. A two-dimensional heterogeneous transient model has been developed which allows for the radial variations of velocity and void age. The model equations have been solved using numerical approximation. The simulated results reveal significant differences between the present refined data and those established from existing plug flow models.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130123
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    Measurements with multi-point microprobes: Effect of suspended solids on the hydrodynamics of bubble columns for application in chemical and biotechnological processesPaper presented by Chr. Wolff at the “GVC Working Party on Multiphase Flow”, Schliersee, Fed. Rep. Germany, April 13 to 15, 1988. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 172-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Many experimental studies reveal that suspended solids considerably alter the coalescence behaviour and hydrodynamic functions of wo-phase flow. But no systematic efforts have yet been undertaken to separate the effects of different particle properties on local gas hold-up, bubble size and interfacial area gas/liquid. The aim of this paper is to present the local values of these parameters in three-phase fluidized beds of different solids, using miniaturized optical fiber and conductivity needle probes. It is shown that particle concentration, size and, in particular, density are decisive for the change in coalescence behaviour. Ranges of normal (ϱS 〉 ϱL) and inverse fluidization (ϱS 〈 ϱL) must be distinguished and the flow regime also exerts a strong influence on the interactions between the dispersed phases, the transition point itself being a function of particle properties can be observed, This effect is evaluated for different column diameters, between 0.1 and 0.3 m.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130124
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    Agitation of aerated emulsionsPaper presented by T. Schneider at the internal meeting of the GVC-working party “Mixing” at Breisach, West-Germany, 3 May, 1988. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 209-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aerated emulsions are gaining significance in fermentation as well as in inorganic and organic chemistry. In these processes, liquid-liquid mass transfer can be the limiting step. Therefore, the effect of gassing rate on droplet size was investigated as a function of dispersed liquid phase concentration and power input in different vessels. At high power inputs, the droplet size decreased. With increasing dispersed phase concentration and gassing rate, the droplet size increased and its dependence on power input subsided.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130128
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    Motionless mixers for the design of multitubular polymerization reactors (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 214-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental investigations of thermal bulk polymerization of styrene in pilot plants of different sizes have been performed. Each pilot plant is composed of a tubular recycle reactor, connected in series with a tubular reactor, both completely filled with Sulzer motionless mixers. Kinetic, reactor and viscosity models have been verified in a wide range of styrene conversions (up to 96%) temperatures (up to 210 °C) and polystyrene molar masses (up to 360 000). Scale-up studies were carried out which confirmed that multitubular reactors of special design can be applied for industrial polymerization process.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130129
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    Large-scale anaerobic/aerobic treatment of complex industrial wastewater using immobilized biomass in fluidized bed and air-lift suspension reactorsPaper presented by J. J. Heijnen at the GVC-VDI Congress “Verfahrenstechnik Abwasserreinigung”, Baden-Baden. October 17 to 19, 1988. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 202-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Warm concentrated industrial wastewaters are preferably treated in an anaerobic reactor for reasons of energy generation and low surplus sludge production. Problems to be solved in the practical application concern a low growth rate of the micro-organisms, their low settling rate, process instability and the need for after treatment of the noxious anaerobic effluent which often contains NH4+ and HS-. The use of biomass immobilized on small suspended carriers (〈 0.5 mm) has proven to be a suitable means to overcome most of these problems. Results are presented on pilot and full-scale pretreatment of industrial wastewater in an anaerobic 2-state fluidized bed reactor for CH4-production and laboratory and pilot scale post-treatment of the anaerobic effluent, which contains NH4+ and HS- in an aerobic air-lift suspension reactor for the production of NO3- and SO42-.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130127
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    Contribution to solving the problem of dioxins generated during waste incinerationPaper presented by H. Vogg at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-In-genieure”, Berlin, Seotember 27 to 29, 1989. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 221-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The production of dioxins/furans during waste incineration, and particularly the development of measures for minimizing the amount of generated pollutants, continue to command a considerable scientific as well public interest. Experiments are reported which were performed at the TAMARA municipal solid waste pilot incineration, erected on the premises of the karlsruhe Nuclear Research Centre. These experiments show that the solid waste mass flow rate and moisture content influence the dioxin/furan formation, Good removal efficiencies of dioxins/furans have been In wet cleaning. Hydrogen peroxide added to the crude gas is an interesting “killer” reagent for dioxins/furans.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130130
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    Study on regeneration of diesel particulate filter using a laboratory reactor (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 251-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Regeneration of diesel particulate filters can be accomplished by complete combustion of a collected particulate. A reactor has been developed for study of the regeneration in the presence of catalysts, additives and ignition aids. This reactor allows an accurate measurement of soot ignition temperatures and a kinetic study of soot oxidation with an undisturbed soot layer and under a defined gas composition. Results of various investigations carried out with this reactor are presented.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130134
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    Transport effects in catalytic fluidized-bed reactorsPaper presented at the Third National Meeting of Chemists, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, March 12-14, 1989. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 273-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The majority of the fluidized-bed reactor models are models are rooted in the tacit assumption that transport between the bubble, cloud, and emulsion phases occurs in series with chemical reaction. A more realistic model that anticipates simultaneous transport and reaction is presented in terms of a fluid-bed effectiveness factor which embraces the limits between chemical and mass transport control. Analysis of the predictive capacity of this model vis-a-vis the Kunii-Levenspiel model reveals signal differences in chemical conversion.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130137
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    Search for optimal geometry of a conical turbine agitator for heat transfer in stirred vessels (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 384-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Simultaneous measurements of power consumption P and heat transfer coefficient α for a jacketed, baffled, agitated vessel of diameter D = 0.45 m, equipped with a conical turbine, were carried out. The following geometric parameters of the agitator were tested: diameter d, blade width b and number Z, and distance from the bottom of the vessel to the lower edge of the blade h. The results of these investigations were generalized mathematically. On the basis of optimization, the best geometric parameters with respect to heat transfer are proposed for the conical turbine agitator.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130152
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    The Markov process approach to modelling of residence of time distributions in flow systems (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 422-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Markov process approach, as used in the modelling of particle residence time distribution in a flow system of interlinked compartments, has been compared with the deterministic model of a complex reaction system of the first order. In the latter model, interfacial reactions take place between flowing phases, corresponding to the compartments in the stochastic model. It has been demonstrated that the two approaches are equivalent. A direct method of calculating the higher moments of the residence time distribution has been verified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130157
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  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of dispersions of CSD in continuous MSMPR crystallizers (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 426-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general model is proposed to predict the crystal size distribution from multistage MSMPR Crystallizers taking into account shape factor, birth size and growth rate dispersions. Two cases, namely nucleation in the first crystallizer and the same process in all crystallizers have been considered. The developed equations can be solved easily by the Monte Carlo technique. The model represents an extension of the earlier work of Sen Gupta and Dutta.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130158
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  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 31 (1959) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330310101
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  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gewinnung von Ruß aus Koksofengas (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 31 (1959), S. 18-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In einer thermischen Spaltanlage wird aus methan-haltigem Koksofengas Synthesegas erzeugt. Hierbei fällt Ruß an. Aus dem wasserdamfhaltigen Spaltgas wird er mit Schlauchfiltern abgeschiden. Das Gas is dadurch maschinenrein, der Ruß wird in verkaufsfähiger Form gewonnen. Über Betriebsversuche Gas ist dadurch maschinenrein, der Ruß wird in verkaufsfähiger Form gewonnen. Über Betriebsversuche Gas ist dadurch maschinenrein, der Ruß wird in verkaufsfähiger Form gewonnen. über Betriebsversuche mit verschiedenen Filtersystemen wird berichtet.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330310104
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  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probleme bei reaktionstechnischen BerechnungenNach einem Vortrag des zweitgenannten Verfassers vordem GDCh-Ortsverband Aachen am 23. Mai 1958. (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 31 (1959), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Reaktionstechnische Berechungen gewinnen eine immer größere Bedeutung für die Praxis. Die Schwierigkeiten, die dabei auftreten, Können bei der Beschaffung der Ausgangsdaten, beim mathematischen Ansatz oder bei der numerischen Rechnung liegen. Die modernen elektronischen Rechenmaschinen ermöglichen es heute, sehr umfangreiche und komplizierte Berechnungen in kurzer Zeit auzuführen, so daß der große Umfang mancher reaktionstechnischer Berechnungen kein Hindernis mehr darstellt. Die Genauigkeit der Ausgangsdaten und die Gültigkeitsgrenzen des mathematischen Ansatzes müssen aber bei jedem speziellen Problem sorgfältig diskutiert werden. An Hand von Beispielen für thermodynamische und kinetische Berechnungen und der Berechnung eines optimalen Reaktionsapparates werden diese Geischtspunkte diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330310102
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erforschung extrem schneller Vorgänge. Bericht von der IV. Internationalen Tagung für Kurrzzeitphotographie und Hochfrequenzkinematographie (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 31 (1959), S. 12-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es gibt - über die ganze Welt verteilt - nur etwa zehntausend lngenieure und Physiker, die sich mit der Erforschung extrem schneller Vorgänge befassen. Alle Zwei Jahre versammeln sich einige Hundert von ihnen, um in einer internationalen Tagung neue Fors chungsergebnisse, auf apparativem Gebiet wie auch auf dem Sektor der Anwenungen, auszutauschen. Die IV. Tagung dieser Art, die vom 22. bis 26. September 1958 in Köln stattfand, war deshalb besonders interessant, weil zum ersten Mal Forscher ausder Sowjetunion, wo die Kurzzeitphotographie im Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung von Raketen, nuklearen Waffen und Fusionsreaktoren beträchtlich vorangetrieben wurde, ihre neuen Geräte vorstellten und die westlichen Kollegen mit den von ihnen erzielten Leistungen überraschten.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330310103
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Umlaufhomogenisierung als neues Verfahren (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 31 (1959), S. 20-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bei der Kreislaufmahlung und der später entwickelten Umlaufhomogenisierung wird dem Zerkleinerungs- bzw. Mischvorgang ein Trennvorgang nachgeschaltet, wodurch eine Energieersparnis erreicht wird.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330310105
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimalprinzipien für die Anreicherung von schwerem Wasser in Heiß-Kalt-Kolonnen Teil II: Die Anreicherungskaskade, das Abstreifsystem und die Übertragungskolonne (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 31 (1959), S. 22-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die in einer früheren Arbeit angestellten Optimalbetrachtungen über die Anreicherung von schwerem Wasser in Heiß-Kalt-Kolonnen werden auf eine aus mehreren Heiß-Kalt-Kolonnenpaaren bestehende Trennkaskade ausgedehnt. Außerdem werden die mit der Erhöhung der Deuterium-Ausbeute durch ein als Abstreifsystem wirkendes HeißKalt-Kolonnenpaar und die mit dem Einsatz einer Übertragungskolonne zusammenhängenden Fragen diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330310106
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  • 91
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    Electronic Resource
    Abtrennung des Plutoniums aus bestrahltem Uran der KernreaktorenAuszug aus dem Plenarvortrag auf dem II. Kongreß der Europäischen Föderation für Chemie - Ingenieur - Wesen am 3. Juni 1957 in Frankfurt a. M. (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 31 (1959), S. 31-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wird das in der industriellen Anlage des Commissariat francais pour I'Energie Atomique in Marcoule angewandte Verfahren zur Abtrennung des Plutoniums aus den bestrahlten Uran-Brennstoffelementen sowie die Reinigung des Urans und Plutoniums und die Konzentrierung der Spaltprodukte beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330310107
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  • 92
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    Electronic Resource
    Kontinuierliche Messung des Wasserstoff-Anteils in Kohlenwasserstoffen mit Hilfe von Beta-StrahlenVorgelegt auf der Genfer Atomkonferenz 1958. (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 31 (1959), S. 33-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Schwächung von β-Strahlen ist abhängig vom Flächengewicht und vom Verhältnis Ordnungszahl Z/Atomgewicht A des durchstrahlten Mediums. Dies ermöglicht die Messung des Flächengewichts bei konstantem Z/A-Verhältnis, bzw. des Z/A-Verhältnisses bei konstantem Flächengewicht. Die zweite Möglichkeit ist die Grundlage der C/H-Messung in aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen; dabei wird der Strahler fest mit einem Schwimmer verbunden, dessen Auftrieb in Abhängigkeit von der Dichte des flüssigen Mediums automatisch ein konstantes Flächengewicht über dem Strahler herstellt, so daß das Meßergebnis nur vom C/H-Verhältnis abhängig ist. In flüssigen Kohlenwasserstoffen wird auf diese Weise ein kontinuierlich arbeitender Nachweis des Wasserstoff-Gewichtanteils auf ± 0,16% erreicht.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330310108
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oberflächenschutz schwerer Blechpackungen (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 31 (1959), S. 36-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Schwere Blechpackungen, Trommeln und Fässer, werden in Deutschland vorwiegend von der chemischen Industrie als Verpackungsmittel für ihre mannigfachen Erzeugnisse verwendet. Der Oberflächenschutz dieser Behälter, die im Inlandverkehr vielfach als Leihgebinde laufen, ist für die Wirtschaft ein ernstes Problem, da jährlich eine beträchtliche Zahl von Behältern durch Korrosion unbrauchbar wird, und infolgedessen immer wieder erhebliche Beträge für die Neubeschaffung aufgewendet werden müssen. Im folgendessen immer wieder erhebliche Beträge für die Maßnahmen besprochen, mit denen man einen möglichst befriedigenden Oberflächenschutz dieser Gebinde erreichen kann; dabei wird auf neuere Entwicklungen in den USA besonders eingegangen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330310109
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Versammlungsberichte (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 31 (1959), S. 54-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330310112
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    Umschau (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 31 (1959), S. 59-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330310113
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimenteller Beitrag zu den Grundlagen des Pelletisierens (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 31 (1959), S. 50-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Einige von Tigerschiöld und Rumpf angegebene Formeln für die Festigkeit von Pellets auf Grund von Kapillarkräften oder Salzbrücken werden an Preßlingen aus Tonerde nachgeprüft. Die Festigkeit ergibt sich als proportional zur Oberflächenspannug der Pelletisierungsflüssigkeit und umgekehrt proportional zur Korngröße, übereinstimmend mit der Theorie. Salzablagerungen findet man bevorzugt an der Oberfläche der Pellets, weil dort die Verdunstung am stärksten ist.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330310111
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen über das Rücksprühen bei der elektrischen Staubabscheidung (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 31 (1959), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Wirksamkeit elektrischer Entstaubungsanlagen wird durch das Rücksprühen (Rückionisation) bei der Abscheidung von Stäben mit extrem hohem elektrischem Widerstand herabgesetzt. Das Rücksprühen an Schichten elektrisch niedergeschlagenen Staubes bei 150 °C an Eisensulfat, Eisenoxyd, Zinkoxyd, Steinkohle, Braunkohle, Zement, Magnesiumoxyd und Flugasche wurde untersucht. Nach den Ergebnissen wird die Rückionisation durch hohen Staubwiderstand, hohe Stromdichte und geringe Schichtdicke des niedergeschlagenen Staubes begünstigt. Besonders kräftiges Rücksprühen ist z. B. an Schichten von etwa 0,2 mm Dicke von Stäuben, deren spezifischer Widerstand größer als 2 · 1012 Ohm cm ist, zu beobachten.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330310110
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Normung (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 31 (1959), S. 62-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330310114
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Engpaß Nickel überwunden (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 31 (1959), S. 65-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330310116
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neue Bücher (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 31 (1959), S. 63-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330310115
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