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  • 1970-1974  (2,128)
  • 1920-1924
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (2,128)
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 8 (1974), S. 175-178 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Upon electron-impact aryl methyl sulphones (I) rearranged to form aryl-oxygen bonds. The mode of fragmentation of the intermediate ester (II) to give [aryl O]+ or [aryl OH]+ ions was found to be markedly influenced by the nature of the aryl substituent.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 8 (1974), S. 11-23 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A series of 3-acetoxy bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene 5,6 dicarboxylic anhydrides with different substituents is studied by high resolution mass spectrometry. The spectra obtained are complicated and can only be differentiated by the presence of certain peaks and their variable relative abundances. We have almost entirely explained these peaks by the use of classic degradation mechanisms. We have applied the explanations advanced by Cimarusti and Wolinsky for a series of analogues.The degradation scheme is very similar for all the products, and is unaffected by the substituents and their relative position.
    Notes: Une série d'anhydrides du type acétoxy-3 bicyclo[2.2.2]octéne-2 dicarboxylique-5,6 ne différant que par des substituants hydrocarbonés, a été étudiée en spectrométrie de masse é I'aide de la haute résolution. Les spectres de cette série sont complexes et ne différent que par la présence de certains pics et par des intensités relatives variables. Par des mécanismes classiques, nous avons pu expliquer la presque totalité des pics. Nous nous sommes appuyés sur les mécanismes observés dans une série analogue1,2 de bicyclo-[2.2.2]octéne-2 étudiée par Cimarusti et Wolinsky. On retrouve le méme schéma directeur quels que soient les substituants et les positions relatives de ceux-ci.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 103
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The appearance potentials of [C9H9]+ have been estimated and the enthalpy of formation, calculated from the data, is correlated with different structural proposals. Open chain structures can be eliminated in favour of aromatic ones (vinyltropylium or indanyl cation). The structure of the unstable [C9H9]+ ions is investigated by means of 13C-labelled compounds. The results are also in agreement with the acceptance of aromatic structures.
    Notes: Die Auftrittspotentiale von [C9H9]+ werden bestimmt und die baraus berechneten Bildungsenthalpien mit verschiedenen Strukturvorschlägen korreliert. Offenkettige Strukturen können in allen Fällen zugunsten von aromatischen (Vinyltropylium-,bzw. Indanylkation) aus-geschlossen werden. Die Struktur der instabilen [C9H9]+-Ionen wird mit Hilfe 13C-markierter Verbindungen untersucht. Auch hier stehen die Ergebnisse mit der Annahme aromatischer Strukturen im Einklang.
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  • 104
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The CH4 chemical ionization (CI) spectra of several keto-steroids are reported as well as the H2 and C3H8CI spectra of a few keto-steroids. [M + H — H2O]+ is an abundant ion in the CH4CI spectrum of 5α-androstane-17-one and the water loss from the [M + H]+ ions does not involve the hydrogens on C-18 and only involves the C-16 hydrogens to about 10%. The major loss process has not been determined.3-Keto and 17-Keto steroids are readily distinguished by their CH4CI spectra. The effectiveness of substituents for directing attack by [CH5]+ and [C2H5]+ can be estimated:carboxyl 〉 methoxy ≃ carbonyl 〉 bromo ≃ chloro 〉 hydroxy. Significant differences are observed in the H2CI spectra of two 5α-vs. 5β-steroids. Propane CI Spectra are similar to methane CI spectra, but show generally less fragmentation.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 8 (1974), S. 81-83 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The heats and entropies of gas phase association of chloride, bromide and iodide with the respective methyl halides are reported. Comparison of these results with results published for SN2 reactions in solution suggests that the solvent is the dominant factor in determining relative halide nucleophilicities for the reactions in solution.
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  • 106
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 8 (1974), S. 109-115 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of three series of stereoisomeric 3-aza-3-methyl-6-cycloalkylaminobicyclo[3,3,1]nonan-9-ols and related compounds including deaza analogues are reported and discussed. The spectra of some of the isomers differ characteristically and can be used to assign their configurations.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 107
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 8 (1974), S. 257-266 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron ionization mass spectra of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of a number of medicinal barbiturates have been examined. The trimethylsilyl derivatives are useful in the identification of barbiturates by gas liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (g.l.c.-m.s.). Mass spectra of these derivatives are characterized by abundant high mass ions which permit the ready distinction of one barbiturate from another. The prominent and characteristic [M - 15] ion is an effective monitor of molecular weight, while other unique fragmentations and/or varying patterns of relative abundance serve to differentiate isomers.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 108
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 8 (1974), S. i 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 109
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Different methods have been tested to determine the activation energy for simple cleavages.
    Notes: L'énergie d'actvation des ruptures simples a été determiné par différents méthodes.
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 19-30 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mass spectra of substituted phenoxazines and azaphenoxazines have been determined and are discussed here. These compounds are characterised by hydrogen on the heterocyclic nitrogen and aromatic rings with nitro groups and chlorine as substituents. The fragmentation patterns are explained by known mechanisms. An interpretation of almost all the peaks is offered. The presence of the substituents causes a complete change in the fragmentation patterns compared with the unsubstituted phenoxazine. This is due to changes in charge localisation, caused by the substituents. Isomerisation of the nitro group to the nitroso group gives rise to a particular fragmentation route.
    Notes: Nous avons effectué les spectres de masse de phénoxazines et d'azaphénoxazines substituées. Ces composés sont caractérisés par la présence d' un hydrogéne sur l'azote hétérocyclique et la position de substituants NO2 et Cl sur les cycles aromatiques. A l'aide de mécanismes classiques, nous avons rationalisé les processus de fragmentation et expliqué les pics principaux de ces specters. La présence de substituants Cl et NO2 perturbent totalement la fragmentation observée dans le cas de la molécule de phénoxazine. Ils favorisent la localisation de la charge suivant leur position sur le cycle, soit sur l'azote, soit sur l'oxygéne hétérocycliques. Quant au gropement NO2 par isomérisation (forme nitroso), il donne lieu éa une fragmentation spécifique.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 111
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mass spectra obtained from the three title compounds were compared. High resolution studies and deuterium labelling allowed a proposal for an original cracking pattern, typical of the structure. The postulated mechanism involves a six-centred cyclic electron transfer, generating an aromatic radical ion. Cracking patterns characteristic of barbiturates could also be observed.
    Notes: Les spectes de masse de ces trois composés ont éteacute; comparé. L'utilisation de la haute résolution et de la méthode de marquage au deuté a permis de mettre en évidence un mécanisme de fragmentation particulier commun aux trois dérivés. Ce mécanisme consiste en un transfert électronique cyclique á six centres donnant naissance á un ion radical aromatique. Les mécanismes de fragmentation propres aux barbituriques ont également été observé.
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  • 112
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. i 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 113
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fragmentation mechanisms of the title compound upon impact with 70 and 12 eV electrons has been studied using specific trideuteriomethyl derivatives. By application of the proposed fragmentation mechanisms, the number as well as the location of methyl groups in all theoretically possible methyl derivatives of methyl D-glucopyranos duronic acid unequivocally can be determined after exhaustive trideuteriomethylation. For this purpose low energy (12 eV) spectra are recommended, as these contain only the structurally significant ions.
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  • 114
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 204-210 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An aspect of the mechanism of the hydroxyl H/ortho H scrambling in the molecular ion of benzoic acid was studied by the open-shell INDO molecular orbital method. Energies of te unrearranged structure, the planar structure in which H is attached to carbonyl oxygen and rotational conformers of the latter were studied to determine a pathway of minimum energy for rotation. The same calculations were made for salicylic acid, m-fluorobenzoic acid and p-fluorobenzoic acid. The results of these calculations agree quite well with experimental results.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 115
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 189-194 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The metastable ion supported fragmentation process in the mass spectra of the cyclohexadienyl derivative C6H7Mn(CO)3, the cycloheptadienyl derivative C7H9Mn(CO)3, the 1,2,3,4,5-and 1,2,3,5,6-pentahaptocyclootadienyl derivatives C8H11Mn(CO)3, the cyclooctatrienyl derivative C8H9Mn(CO)3 and the substituted cyclopentadienyl derivative (CH3)2NCH2C5H4Mn(CO)3, are described. Losses of carbonyl groups, generally stepwise, from the molecular ions to give the corresponding [M - 3CO]+· ions are first observed. Further fragmentation of the carbonyl-free [M - 3CO]+· ions can involve a variety of processes such as the following: (a) elimination of a neutral manganese atom to give a hydrocarbon fragment; (b) elimination of a neutral hydrocarbon fragment to give an [MnH]+· ion; (c) dehydrogenation; (d) elimination of a 2-carbon C2H2 or C2H4 fragment; (e) elimination of a C3H4 or C3H6 fragment as a neutral species when it is bridging two carbon atoms bonded to manganese, as in C8H9Mn(CO)3 and 1,2,3,4,5,h5-C8H11Mn(CO)3, respectively. Fragmentation of the [M - 3CO]+· ion in (CH3)2NCH2C5H4Mn(CO)3 presents the following additional features: (a) elimination of C6H6 with a nitrogen shift from carbon to manganese; (b) elimination of a neutral dimethylamino fragment to give [C6H6Mn]+·, which then loses neutral C6H6, C6H5 or Mn fragments and thus is formulated tentatively as [(fulvene)Mn]+· or [C6H5MnH]+· rather than [(benzene)Mn]+·.
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  • 116
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 195-203 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,2-Diaminoethane and 2-aminoethanol-1 were added to the isobutane plasma of a chemical ionization mass spectrometer. The resulting reactant gas mixture did not react with additives containing a single oxygen functional group. Addition reactions were observed with some additives containing multiple oxygen functions. Additives containing nitrogen functions were protonated by the reactant mixture. The relative proportion of protonation to addition depended on the ability of the additive to chelate the reactant ion and on the basicity of the additive. This use of 1,2-diaminoethane and 2-aminoethanol-1 provides a convenient method of varying the reactivity of the plasma in a chemical ionization source.
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  • 117
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 1052-1054 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ionisation potentials of pyridines substituted with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents in positions 2, 3 and 4 have been determined.
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  • 118
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Collisional activation spectra show that the [C9H11O] ion formed by loss of CH2OH from the title compound has rearranged to the protonated phenylacetone structure.
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  • 119
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 998-1005 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ionisation potentials of benzophenone and nine substituted benzophenones, and appearance potentials of the most abundant fragment ions have been determined. Starting from calculated heats of formation of the substituted benzophenones, the following quantities have been evaluated; heats of formation of the molecular ions; heats of formation of fragment ions formed via a one-step pathway and via a two-step pathway; heats of formation and ionisation potentials of radicals; heats of dissociation of benzophenone and substituted benzophenones. The accuracy of the result is discussed.
    Notes: Es wurden die Ionisieerungspotentiate von Benzophenon und substituierten Benzophenonen sowie die Auftrittspotentiale der häufigsten Fragment-Ionen gemessen. Ausgehend von berechneten Werten für die Bildungsenthalpien der substituierten Benzophenone, wurden folgende Grüßen ermittelt: Bildungsenthalpien der Molekül-Ionen; Bildungsenthalpien von Fragment-Ionen, die in einem einstufigen, und solcher, die in einem zweistufigen Zerfallsprozeß gebildet wurden; Bildungsenthalpien und Ionisierungspotentiale von Radikalen; Dissoziationsenergien des Benzophenons und der substituierten Benzophenone. Die Genauigkeit der Ergebnisse wird diskutiert.
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  • 120
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The process of retro-1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 2,5-diaryl-1,3,4-dioxazoles induced by electron-impact is discussed. For this purpose, 2-phenyl-5-p-chlorophenyl-1,3,4-dioxazole was prepared, labelled with 18O in position 1; the spectrum of this compound showed clear evidence of retro-cycloaddition, the dipole fragment retaining the positive charge. This labelled compound also provides a reliable interpretation of other cleavage modes of the heterocyclic ring. The elemental compositions of the ions considered were determined by exact mass measurements and the metastable transitions were detected through the defocusing technique of the electrostatic sector.
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  • 121
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of TMS ethers of 2,3,-dialkyl-1,4-cyclopentanediols having a 2′-carboxyl group or 2′-double bond in one of the sidechains, display a stereospecific rearrangement process. A mechanism is proposed to account for this stereospecificity.
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  • 122
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 257-263 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is shown by D labelling experiments that nitrous acid and hydroxyl, eliminated from the methyl ester of γ-nitrobutyric acid upon electron-impact, contain a γ-hydrogen atom to the extent of ∼ 85% and ∼ 100%, respectively. The loss of nitrous acid is the third case of a highly specific 1,1-elimination from a molecular ion1a,1b reported hitherto and arguments are presented for the essential role played by carbomethoxy group in this reaction, i.e. it converts the nitro structure of the molecular ion to its acinitro structure. The results obtained further point to a stepwise character of the McLafferty rearrangement, at least for the present case.
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  • 123
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The mass spectrometric fragmentations of ethylene ketals corresponding to α substituted ketones were re-examined. A new type of rearrangement has been established.
    Notes: La fragmentation des éthylénecétals des cétones α substituées a été étudiée. Un nou-veau type de transposition en spectrométrie de masse a été mis en évidence.
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  • 124
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The differences in the electron-impact-induced fragmentation of ortho and para- nitrobenzoylpiperidine are connected with neighbouring group participation of the NO2 group. New oxygen migration, as well as the formation of stabilised radicals by intramolecular interaction of both functions, are only possible with the ortho compound.
    Notes: Die Unterschiede bei der elektronenstoßinduzierten Fragmentierung von ortho-und para-Nitrobenzoylpiperidin hängen mit einer Nachbargruppenbeteiligung der NO2,-Gruppe zusammen. Sowohl eine neuartige Sauerstoffwanderung als auch die Ausbildung stabilisierter Radikale über eine intramolekulare Wechselwirkung der beiden Funktionen sind nur bei der ortho-Verbindung möglich.
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  • 125
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 265-273 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure and decomposition of the [C7H7]+ ions produced by electron-impact from o-, m- and p-chlorotoluene, o-, m- and p-bromotoluence, and p-iodotoluence, have been investigated. By determining the relative abundance of normal and metastable ions, these [C7H7]+ ions at electron energy of 20 eV are shown to be so-called ‘tropylium ions’. The amount of the internal energy of the [C7H7]+ ion estimated by the relative ion abundance ratios, † [C5H5]+/[C7H7]+ and m*/[C7H7]+ for the decomposition \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ [{\rm C}_{\rm 7} {\rm H}_{\rm 7}]^ + \mathop \to \limits^{m^* } [{\rm C}_{\rm 5} {\rm H}_{\rm 5}]^ + + {\rm C}_{\rm 2} {\rm H}_{\rm 2} $\end{document}, is in the order iodotoluene 〉 bromotoluene 〉 chlorotoluene. The heats of formation of the activated complexes for the reaction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ [{\rm C}_{\rm 7} {\rm H}_{\rm 7}]^ + \mathop \to \limits^{m^* } [{\rm C}_{\rm 5} {\rm H}_{\rm 5}]^ + + {\rm C}_{\rm 2} {\rm H}_{\rm 2} $\end{document} were estimated. The values suggest that the decomposing [C7H7]+ ions from various halogenotoluenes are identical in structure.
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  • 126
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: By the investigation of 2H labelled compounds, it has been established that in the case of crotonoyl piperidyl only the hydrogens of the methyl group participate in the elimination of CH3·.
    Notes: Durch die Untersuchung 2H-markierter Verbindungen wird belegt, daß im Falle von Crotonsäurepiperidid nur die Wasserstoffe der Methylgruppe an der CH3·-Abspaltung teilnehmen.
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  • 127
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 289-296 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of five B,B′-disubstituted derivatives of the bis(amino)diboranes(4). Most of the fragmentations postulated have a precedent in similar processes of isoelectronic and/or isopolar species and are supported by the occurrence of metastable peaks.
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  • 128
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 304-309 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fragmentations of the carboxyl group are not generally observed from molecular anions produced by the capture of slow electrons. Enhancement of the internal energy of the molecular anions by collision excitation allows the detection of the fragmentations of the substituent in the field free regions of the mass spectrometer. Fragmentations include the losses of CO2 or ·CO2H from molecular anions, and the elimination of CO2 from fragment ions.
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  • 129
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The structure of stable [C9H11]+ ions from different model compounds with the molecular formula C9H11Cl has been estimated by energy measurements. It has further been shown that acetylenic compounds cyclise to form aromatic ions in the range of the appearance potentials.
    Notes: Die Struktur der stabilen [C9H11]+-Ionen aus verschiedenen Modellverbindungen der Summenformel C9H11Cl wird mit Hilfe energetischer Messungen untersucht. Es wird ferner gezeigt, daß Acetylenverbindungen im Bereich der Auftrittspotentiale zu aromatischen Ionen cyclisieren.
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  • 130
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 310-320 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Linear plots may be obtained for the fragmentations of aryl p-cyanobenzoates using the McLafferty approach, but the correlations are not as satisfactory as those observed1 for aryl nitrobenzoates. Some satisfactory correlations of substituent effects are noted in the negative ion spectra of substituted benzyl-p-nitrobenzoates and substituted phenyl-(p-nitrophenyl)acetates. Pronounced rearrangement peaks are observed in the spectra of substituted phenyl-(p-nitrophenyl)acetates. Appearance potential studies suggest that the similarities in ρ values obtained1 for the fragmentations of aryl m- and p-nitrobenzoate molecular anions are probably due to the correspondence between Hammett σ values and appearance potentials in the two series.
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  • 131
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Under electron-impact [C7H7]+ ions from open chain compounds only partially isomerise to a tropylium ion. The extent of this process depends on the life time τ and the internal energy E.
    Notes: [C7H7]+-Ionen aus offenkettigen Verbindungen isomerisieren unter Elektronen-stoss nur partiell zu einem Tropylium-Ion, wobei die Lebensdauer τ bzw. die innere Energie E das Ausmass der Cyclisierung bestimmt.
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  • 132
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The enthalpy of formation of stable ions of some C8H6, C10H10 and C12H10 hydrocarbons have been calculated by means of AP/IP measurements and their correlation with thermochemical data. It has further been shown that under electron-impact-induced fragmentation aromatic and isomeric acetylenic compounds give open chain as well as cyclic ion structures.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe von AP/IP-Messungen und deren Korrelation mit thermochemischen Daten werden die Bildungsenthalpien stabiler Ionen einiger C8H6-, C10H10 und C12H10-Kohlen-wasserstoffe bestimmt. Es wird gezeigt, dass sowohl offenkettige als auch cyclische Ionen-Strukturen bei der elektronenstossinduzierten Fragmentierung von Aromaten und isomeren Acetylenverbindungen ausgebildet werden können.
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  • 133
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 335-342 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of 4-(ω-hydroxyalkylamino)-phthalazinone derivatives (I to IV) have been studied. The most important primary fragmentation process is the fission of the alkyl chain β to the amino group, combined with an intramolecular cyclisation reaction. This process results an ion of tricyclic structure, possessing a 4-membered ring, as was established by partial 15N labelling.
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  • 134
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 343-345 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The mechanism of methyl elimination has been investigated with the help of 13C-labelled p-methylstyrene. Not only terminal C atoms participate in this process; however, neither complete nor partial C scrambling ensues prior to the fragmentation.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe 13C-markiertem p-Methylstyrol wird der Mechanismus der Methyl-Abspaltung untersucht. An diesem Prozeß sind nicht nur endständige C-Atome beteiligt, jedoch erfolgt weder ein vollständiges noch ein partielles C-Scrambling vor der Fragmentierung.
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  • 135
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 346-349 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The principal fragmentation pathways of mevalonolactone are initiated by cleavage α to the hydroxyl function. Each major route has been delineated by using isotopic labelling and metastable analysis. A knowledge of this fragmentation pattern is useful for the calculation of isotopic purity and specificity in samples of mevalonolactone used as substrates in biosynthetic studies.
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  • 136
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 350-358 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ionisation potentials and characteristic fragmentations of a series of anilinium oxides and their isomeric ethers have been used to assign structures for the gaseous species from the zwitterions. Transmethylation and direct evaporation of the zwitterions are competing processes. A bulky substituent ortho to the oxygen or a strongly electron attracting group in the 2-isomer will prevent or reduce the transmethylation. If the volatility is much reduced, however, the temperature increase for evaporation results in transmethylation. The 4-isomer was transmethylated even with two tert-butyl groups ortho to the oxygen. The appearance potentials for an isomeric pair showed the energy difference between the zwitterion and the ether in the gas phase to be 11.5 kcal/mol.
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  • 137
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Independent loss of positional identity of the hydrogen and carbon atoms in [t-C3H8N]+ metastable cations prior to fragmentation in the gas phase with loss of ethylene, has been demonstrated by 2H and 13C labelling experiments. The scrambling reaction is interpreted as a rearrangement in competition with the high activation energy unimolecular decompositions. The study of this fragmentation process indicates the occurrence of a primary isotope effect discriminating in favour of 2H and 13C retention in the original methylene group.
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  • 138
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 372-394 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Diterpene epimers differing with respect to orientation of a secondary hydroxyl group, ring fusion or configuration at an asymmetric centre carrying carbon-carbon linked substituents were studied, and certain stereostructural-spectral correlations were achieved for the first two groups. Each of the compounds examined was subjected to multiple scanning at both high and low electron voltage to allow computer assisted statistical calculation and comparison of intensity intervals at a predetermined confidence level for total ion currents and selected peaks.
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  • 139
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 418-421 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: When subjected to electron-impact, chloromethyl aryl sulphones (II, X = Cl) fragment predominantly by the loss of CH2Cl from the molecular ion followed by the loss of SO2 and in most cases the appropriate metastable peaks are present to confirm the transitions. In addition, alkyl-oxygen bond formation in the molecular ion was revealed by the presence of prominent peaks corresponding to the [R—φ-SO]+ ions. In most spectra no evidence for aryl-oxygen bond formation could be found and thus the presence of the chlorine atom was able to effectively reverse the direction of skeletal rearrangement reported for aryl methyl sulphones.
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  • 140
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The effect of the dissociation energy of the C—X bond (X = H, F, Cl, Br, I) on the formation of benzimidazolium ions (b) by elimination of X from the molecular ions of ortho-substituted N,N-dimethyl-N′-phenylformamidines (I to V) has been investigated. No simple relation is observed between the intensities of ions b and the dissociation energy. Furthermore, the appearance potentials of ions b are not greatly affected by the dissociation energy, although differences of about 2.5 eV are expected for a simple cleavage reaction. The behaviour of the molecular ions of I to V is in accord with a two step addition-dissociation mechanism [M]+· → a → b, and the highest activation energy is required in the first addition step. Similar mechanisms are known for aromatic substitution reactions in the condensed phase, but have not been observed for mass spectrometric fragmentations. The detection of additional kinetic energy T in the reaction products by an analysis of the metastable transitions [M]+· → b corroborates the proposed mechanism.
    Notes: Der Einfluß der Dissoziationsenergie der C—X-Bindung (X = H, F, Cl, Br, J) auf die Bildung von Benzimidazolium-Ionen (b) durch Abspaltung von X aus den Molekül-Ionen der ortho-substituierten N,N-Dimethyl-N′-phenylformamidinen (I bis V) wird untersucht. Zwischen den Intensitäten von b und den Dissoziationsenergien besteht keine einfache Beziehung. Weiterhin werden die Auftrittspotentiale der lonen b nur wenig von den Dissoziationsenergien beeinflußt, obwohl fur eine einfache Spaltungsreaktion Unterschiede von ca. 2.5 eV erwartet werden. Dieses Verhalten der Molekül-Ionen von I bis V steht irn Einklang mit einem zweistufigen Additions-Dissoziations-Mechanismus [M]+· → a → b, bei dem der erste Additionsschritt die hohere Aktivierungsenergie besitzt. Analoge Mechanismen sind bei aromatischen Substitutionen in kondensierter Phase bekannt, für massenspektrometrische Fragmentierungen bisher jedoch noch nicht nachgewiesen worden. Der Nachweis zusätzlicher kinetischer Energie T in den Reaktionsprodukten mit Hilfe einer Analyse der metastabilen Übergange für [M]+· → b bestätigt den vorgeschlagenen Mechanismus.
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  • 141
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 422-434 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron-impact mass spectra of a range of N-substituted sulphoximines have been recorded and rationalised. Intense peaks consistent with oxygen-to-sulphur and sulphur-to-sulphur migrations were observed in the spectra of some of the compounds.
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  • 142
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 435-442 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: We have synthesised all the fluorinated derivatives of perchloropyrimidine, trichloro-2,4,6-pyrimidine and perchloro-s-triazine. Fluorine n.m.r. analysis, associated with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, allowed separation and identification of the products. The behaviour of these compounds under electron-impact is presented and discussed here.
    Notes: Nous avons synthétisé tous les dérivés fluorés de la perchloropynmidme, de la 2,4,6 trichloropyrimidine et de la perchloro s-triazine. La r.m.n. du fluor associée au couplage chromatographie en phase vapeur-spectrométrie de masse, nous ont permis de séparer et d'identifier les produits obtenus. Nous presentons et discutons le comportement de ces composes sous l'impact électronique.
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  • 143
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 510-513 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron-impact-induced fragmentation of a 13C labelled exo-2-norbornyl chloride has been studied. When the norbornyl cation, [C7H11]+, [M - Cl], dissociates by elimination of C2H4, carbon atoms are randomly lost showing that extensive skeletal rearrangement (in addition to the complete hydrogen atom scrambling reported earlier) has taken place in the norbornyl cation prior to dissociation.The metastable ion peak associated with the above fragmentation consists of superimposed gaussian and flat-top components; it is proposed that these correspond to the formation of isomeric [C5H7]+ daughter ions whose heats of formation differ by ∼0.4 eV.
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  • 144
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 536-547 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is reported for the identification of trimethylsilylated stereoisomeric N-acetyl-hexosamines by application of a pattern recognition procedure to mass spectral data. The selection of characteristic mass spectral data and the pattern recognition procedure are discussed.
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  • 145
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 582-584 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electron-impact studies of diazadiphosphetidines,[YF2PNMe]2(Y—F,Me, Ph, MeO,2,5-Me2C6H3, and m-CF3C6H4) are reported, the most abundant fragments corresponding to m/e [M/2-1]+, [M/2]+ and [M/2-1]+. It is concluded from metastable data that formation of the noval rearrangement ion, [M]+→[M/2+1]+is predominantly due to an electron-impact process. Variable temperature spectra of(F3PNMe)2, (i.e. for Y=F), suggest that ions of m/e [M/2-1]+are formed, in part, by a thermal process. For the compound [(m-CF3C6H4)F2PNMe]2 a well resolved negative ion spectrum has been obtained, with the molecular ion present in 100% abundance.
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  • 146
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structures of ions produced from acyclic 1,3-diketones by loss of carbon monoxide, ketene or olefins are investigated. Structural inference is made by comparison of the heats of formation of these ions with data for ions of known structure generated from other precursors. All assignments are confirmed by a study of metastable transitions. Loss of carbon monoxide yields ions in the keto form. Expulsion of a ketene or olefin moiety results in enol type ions.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 147
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 594-600 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mass spectra of closo-phosphorimide, P4(NCH3)6, closo-thiophorimides, P4(NCH3)6Sn with n ranging from 1 to 4 and closo-arsenimide As4(NCH3)6 were obtained, and systematic trends were recognised in their fragmentation patterns. The introduction of thiophosphoryl groups gives a superposition of the fragmentation modes indentified with P4(NCH3)6 and P4(NCH3)6Sn. The fragmentation paths are completely different from those of adamantane and its derivatives or hexamethylene teramimne.
    Notes: Les spectres de masse du closo phosphorimide P4(NCH3)6Sn, où n = 1 à 4, et du closo arsenimide As4(NCH3)6 ont été et des schémas de fragmentations systématiques ont été dégagés, L'introduction des groupes thiophosphoryles se traduit par une superposition des deux types de fragmentations identifiées pour P4(NCH3)6 P4- dérivés ou de l'hexaméthylène tétramine.
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  • 148
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 601-608 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The major reactions of aryl substituted N-t-butylbenzamides upon electron-impact involve direct cleavage of a methyl radical, the loss of a butene molecule with the transfer of one hydrogen, or the loss of a butenyl radical with the transfer of two hydrogens. The last of these processes parallels the mass spectral behavior of aliphatic amides. Substituent effects indicate that electron-withdrawing groups on the aromatic ring enhance the two hydrogen transfer process, while electron-donating groups enhance the single hydrogen transfer process. Ion abundances, ionization potentials and appearance potentials are discussed with respect to correlation with σ+ values.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 149
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: During the fragmentation of thiaspirofuranone under electron-impact a process is presumed to occur that is best rationalised as a ring contraction of the neutral particle C6H10. A carbene structure for this neutral fragment can be excluded.
    Notes: Bei der elektronenstoßinduzierten Fragmentierung des Thia-spirofuranons findet ein Prozeß statt, der am besten durch die Annahme einer Ringkontraktion des Neutralteiles C6H10 rationalisierbar ist. Eine Carben-Struktur für dieses Neutralteil kann ausgeschlossen werden.
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  • 150
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 622-625 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: In the formation of the [M-l]+ ions from phenylsilanes an isotope effect i is observed as well as a preference factor p. The formation of intense [M-2]+ and [M-3]+ ions is compatible with the performance of open chain systems. A decision for or against the structure of a silatropylium ion is not possible by the investigation of 2H labelled compounds.
    Notes: Bei der Bildung der [M — H]+-Ionen aus Phenylsilan wird sowohl ein Isotopeneffekt i als auch ein Präferenzfaktor p beobachtet. Die Entstehung intensiver [M - 2]+- und [M - 3]+-Ionen ist mit der Vorstellung offenkettiger Systeme verträglich. Eine Entscheidung für oder gegen die Struktur eines Silatropylium-Ions ist durch die Untersuchung 2H-markierter Verbindungen nicht möglich.
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  • 151
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 628-630 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of hydrocinnamaldehydes, labelled with 13C in Position 1 and 3, have been studied in order to determine the origins of the carbon atoms in the moieties C2H2O, C3H4O, CH3 and CO, expelled from the molecular ion.
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  • 152
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 153
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 626-627 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three empirical equation which have been used to calculate ionisation potentials of para and meta disubstituted benzenes are evalyated according to their ability to predict the IP's of para and meta YC6H4COX, (where x — OH, NH2, CL).
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  • 154
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 631-633 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Trimethylsilyl derivatives of 5′-S-alkyl substituted 5′-thioadenosines give mass spectra that are characterized by a number of highly intense ions. These ions are formed by the fragmentation of the alkyl substituted sugar moicty and are specific for the alkyl group in the substitution.
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  • 155
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. i 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 156
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 660-664 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: During the fragmentation of 1.3-dioxoles by electron-impact an aryl rearrangement of the electrophilic as well as of the nucleophilic function occurs. Moreover, in one case a cleavage of geminal bonds at the spiro carbon is observed, which can be explained by the product stability of the doubly charged ion.
    Notes: Bei der elektronenstroßinduzierten Fragmentierung 1.3-Dioxolen werden im Gegensatz zu sonstigen Arylwanderungen sowohl die nucleophile als auch die elektrophile Gruppe umgelagert. Anßerdem wird in einem Fall eine ungewöhnlich intensive Spaltung geminaler Bindungen am Spiro-Kohlenstoff beobachtet, die durch die Produkt-Stabilität des doppelt geladenen Fragment-Ions erklärbar ist.
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  • 157
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structures of kikumycin A and B, antiviral amidine antibiotics, have been elucidated by means of low and high resolution mass spectrometry. Amino acid composition and their sequences were also clearly demonstrated by this technique. The evidence for the fragmentation of terminal amidines or amides of kikumycin derivatives and related synthetic compounds was represented by the elimination of ammonia or water from the molecular ions to give stable nitrile ions. Additionally, the participation of the iminol structure in the pyrrole-2-carboxamide portion of kikumycin A and B was confirmed by the fragment ions derived from their iminol tautomers.
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  • 158
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectral fragmentation of seven substituted 2,4,6-triaryl-s-trithianes has been studied and the fragmentation modes confirmed by deuterium labelling. Triphenyl-s-trithiane shows some interesting features in its mode of cleavage and does not eliminate S, S2, SH·, H2S or S2H· from its molecular ion. The prominent radical ions in the mass spectrum are at m/e 180 (52.3%) and m/e 186 (45.2%), corresponding to stilbene and PhCHS3. Their compositions have been established by deuterium labelling and accurate mass measurements. The formation of stilbene indicates a relationship between pyrolytic and electron-impact studies. The origin of [PhCHS3]+· suggests that one of the sulphur atoms attaches itself to the other two sulphur atoms in the molecular ion, eliminating a stilbene radical ion. The other important fragmentation corresponds to the monomer radical ion (thiobenzaldehyde) and the thiobenzoyl cation.Among the other substituted triaryl-s-trithianes with substituents such as chloro, methoxy, methylenedioxy and hydroxy groups on the phenyl ring (IV to IX), only the tris-(p-chlorophenyl)-s trithiane shows an insignificant molecular ion. Unlike the triphenyl derivative, the chloro, methoxy and methylenedioxy derivatives show the loss of HS· and/or H2S from the molecular ion. The spectrum of tris-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-s-trithiane corresponds to the spectrum of p-hydroxythiobenzaldehyde.
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  • 159
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The electron-impact-induced fragmentation of some 1-thiacycloalkanones and their 1, 1-dioxides of ring size 5 to 8 was studied. The results were compared with the fragmentation pattern of the cycloalkanones, the thiacycloalkanes and the 1-thiacycloalkan-1, 1-dioxides. It was found that in thiacycloalkanones the charge localisation predominates at the sulphur.
    Notes: Die elektronenstoßinduzierte Fragmentierung einer Reihe von 1-Thiacycloalkanonen und 1-Thiacycloalkanon-1.1-dioxiden mit 5 bis 8 Ringgliedern wurde untersucht. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit denen des Fragmentierungsverlaufes in den Cycloalkanonen, in den Thiacycloalkanen und in den 1-Thiacycloalkan-1.1-dioxiden verglichen. Es Zeigte sich, daß in den Thiacycloalkanonen der bevorzugte Ort der Ladungslokalisierung der Schwefel ist.
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  • 160
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 672-678 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectrometric behaviour of six simple α-aminooxy acids is described. Comparison is made with the electron-impact-induced fragmentation of the parent α-amino acids. The differences are in accordance with the observedSee Ref. 1. chemical character of the α-aminooxy acids.
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  • 161
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 679-685 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The principal fragmentation of the cis-β-methoxystyrene molecular ion is loss of the methyl group. Although this compound has a π system similar to that of phenyl acetate, the substituent effect of a strongly electronegative ortho substituent is insignificant for this fragmentation; but for the same substitution in phenyl acetate, it had been shown to be important. The INDO method was used to show that bond orders confirm the lack of the substituent effect in the cis-β-methoxystyrene system.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 162
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An automated system is described for computer examination of the mass spectrum of an unknown mixture for the presence of a specific compound. The probability that the compound is present is indicated as a ‘confidence index’ K; 2K should signify the average number of compounds, selected at random, whose mass spectra would have to be examined to find data which match the target spectrum to the same degree as does the unknown. The value of K is determined by the uniqueness U of the m/e value, the abundance A, and the criterion of abundance agreement W of the matching peaks, and of the compound concentration D in the sample. Application to spectra from a variety of compounds, including illicit drugs, indicates that the system has high sensitivity and selectivity, and that the value of K is a useful index of the reliability of the identification. Initial testing of this system has utilized an automated quadrupole mass spectrometer under control of a dedicated microcomputer with sample introduction through a flash evaporator and membrane separator.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 163
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The existence of 5- or 6-membered cyclic bromonium ions, produced from ω-phenyl alkyl bromides under electron-impact conditions, is decisively dependent upon the stability of the phenyl alkyl radicals.
    Notes: Die Existenz von füntf- oder sechsgliedrigen cyclischen Bromonium-Ionen, die aus ω-Phenyl-alkylbromiden unter Elektronenstoßbendingungen erzeugt werden, hängt in entscheidender Weise von der Stabilität der Phenyl-Alkyl-Radikale ab.
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  • 164
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The electron-impact-induced fragmentation of piperidides from β-substituted α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acids proceeds preferentially via 4-membered cyclic transition states. The development of a 6-membered ring, which is typical for α,β-unsaturated esters, occurs only to a minor extent. The mechanism of the reaction is best rationalised by the assumption of a vinylogous α-cleavage and a simultaneous neighbouring group participation of the amide function
    Notes: Piperidide von β-substituierten α,β-ungesättigten Carbonsäuren fragmentieren unter Elektronenstoßbedingungen hevorzugt über viergliedrige Übergangszustände. Die für α,β-ungesättigte Carbonsäureester typische Ausbildung von Sechsringsystemen findet nur untergeordnet statt. Der Mechanismus der Reaktion ist am besten rationalisierbar durch die Annahme einer vinylogen α-Spaltung und gleichzeitiger Nachbargruppenbeteiligung der Amidfunktion.
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  • 165
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 710-713 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Methoxy-8,9-dehydroadamantane and 2-exo-methoxyprotoadamantene undergo common electron-impact fragmentations at 70, 20 and 14.3 eV.
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  • 166
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 167
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 726-729 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The presence of a 2′-tertiary hydrogen atom has a profound influence on the general fragmentation pattern of 4,6-dialkyl-1,3-dioxanes. Branching at the 2′-position induces a double hydrogen transfer reaction which is absent in the spectra of 4,6-n-alkyl-1,3-dioxanes.
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  • 168
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 714-725 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Principal peaks in the mass spectra of deoxynupharidine are accounted for on the basis of high resolution mass spectrometry and peak shifts in the mass spectra of deoxynupharidine-4-d1 and deoxynupharidine-6β, 7β-d2. Cleavage of the quinolizidine ring system of deoxynupharidine occurs predominantly in ring A, giving m/e 136, 107, 98, 94 and 81. The origins of the family of ions [M  -  alkyl]+ and m/e 178 are considered. A comparative survey is made of the occurrence of these ions, and others, in the mass spectra of piperidine, quinolizidine and thiospirane types of Nuphar alkaloids. Attention is directed toions useful in distinguishing structural types.
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  • 169
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 744-752 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mass spectra of ginsenoside-Rg1 deca-acetateSiehe Lit.2. and the related dammaran-type triterpene saponin acetates have been studied and a comment is given on the structure of panaxoside A (=ginsenoside-Rg1) proposed by Elyakov, et al .
    Notes: Die Massenspektren von Ginsenoside-Rg1-decaacetat und verwandte Triterpensaponin-acetate vom Dammarantyp wurden untersucht. Die von Elyakov u.a. vorgeschlagene Struktur des Panaxoside A ( = Ginsenoside-Rg1)Siehe Lit. 3. wird kommentiert.
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  • 170
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 763-773 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra and thermal decomposition of Rhodamine F5G hydrochloride have been studied in detail. Fragmentation schemes are presented which show that fragmentation in the mass spectrometer involves principally the substituents on the 9-phenylxanthhydrol nucleus. Mass spectral studies of the related compounds Rhodamine B500 hydrochloride, Rhodamine F5G hydroxide and Rhodamine F5G dihydrogen phosphate are also reported. The thermal decomposition of Rhodamine F5G hydrochloride leads to initial loss of ethyl chloride and formation of the zwitterion which rearranges at higher temperature to a lactone. The further pyrolysis has also been studied.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 171
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Elimination of CH3OH from the molecular ions of the methyl esters of cyclobut-3-ene-1, 2-dicarboxylic acids under electron-impact occurs to a much greater extent in stereoisomers having a trans configuration than in the cis analogues. Deuterium labelling shows that this process takes place via different mechanisms in the stereoisomeric esters. The abundance ratio [M — CH3OH]·+/[M — CH3O]+ is suggested as the most sensitive criterion for the deduction of configuration in this system. Determination of the geometry of the cyclobutene esters by n.m.r. spectroscopy as well as by pyrolysis to corresponding isomeric muconates is also discussed.
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  • 172
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 826-830 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Electron-impact-induced oxygen transfer plays only a minor part in the fragmentation of N-(o-nitrobenzyl) amines. By investigation of 2H-labelled compounds, it could be established that the most important ions are formed by neighbouring group participation which leads to cyclisation of the fragment ions.
    Notes: EIektronenstoßinduzierte Sauerstoffübertragungen spielen bei der Fragmentierung von N-(o-Nitrobenzyl)-Aminen nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Durch die Untersuchung 2H-markierter Verbindungen wird belegt, daß die wichtigsten Ionen durch Nachbargruppenwechselwirkungen erzeugt werden, die zu einer Cyclisierung der Fragment-Ionen führen.
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  • 173
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1974), S. 837-839 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fragmentation of four α-diazosulphones under conditions of electron-impact was studied with the aid of high resolution mass measurements and the metastable defocusing technique. An important difference from the spectra of the related α-diazoketones is the absence of peaks for [M — N2]+·. Metastables show, however, that these fragments probably exist as intermediates.
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  • 174
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    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. 47-50 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The results are presented of an intercomparison study between twelve investigators and three analytical techniques. The objective was to determine the precision and accuracy with which multi-element analysis of air particulates on filters can be accomplished using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Special emphasis was placed on testing calibration techniques and methods of correction for absorption in both particulate deposits and substrates. Results indicate that errors in calibration and correcting for substrate absorption can be reduced to much less than 10% for elements K and above, but the more work is required to test methods of correcting for particles size to achieve 10% accuracy at energies below 3 keV.
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  • 175
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This work is aimed at providing a direct analytical method for powdered materials collected on cellulose filters. The origin and composition of these materials may be very different. The analytical technique employed was X-ray fluorescence spectrometry without preliminary treatment of samples.It is known that different thickness of thin deposits, due for example to different sampling condition, cause some difficulties on the correct accomplishment of the analysis. To eliminate this drawback the basic principles characterising the behaviour of X-ray penetration in the matter, were developed, thus leading to some equations, applicable to the analysis of the following kinds of samples: (a) sample of infinite thickness for X-ray penetration; (b) sample of finite thickness below the critical value; (c) sample of infinite thickness placed over the sample of finite thickness.The equation relating to case (c) was then applied to the analysis of powdered materials collected on cellulose filters.A suitable plate of a selected metal was placed over the sample, and the fluorescence radiations intensity values of the element to be analysed were recorded together with the intensity of the radiation emitted by the plate.By substituting some terms of the above mentioned equation with experimental data, X-ray intensity values were corrected, and then independent measurements were performed on the sample thickness.This work described both the theoretical part and the experimental procedures with results showing the method's reliability.
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  • 176
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    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. A13 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Physics
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  • 177
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    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. A14 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 179
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    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. A14 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 180
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    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. A15 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 181
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    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 182
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    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. 101-101 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 183
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    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. 102-108 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fluorescence crossed effects are discussed as to their exact significance, and relative importance regarding quantitative analysis. While they do not occur in binary systems, crossed effects appear when a fluorescent element is influenced by two or more interfering elements, more particularly when it is subject to enhancement effects. Dissociating crossed effects from pure binary interactions enabled us to establish an accurate general equation for expressing interelement effects in accordance with fundamental theory, and then the associated corrections in any analytical system. As a rule, practical applications should include some suitable modification of the general formula, with respect to the magnitude of corrections for the particularsystem considered.
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  • 184
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    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. A21 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
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  • 185
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    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. 151-152 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In X-ray fluorescence, as well as other quantitative methods for determining trace metal concentrations, computer methods for extracting characteristic peaks from background are very important. Cases where background is large and nonlinear, or there are overlapping peaks, present difficulties in the development of simple computer programs which give an accurate analysis of the peak. The method of analysis that will be described here was developed to meet these demands. The basic concept is simple, and good accuracy and reproducibility are achieved in samples with large nonlinear background, as well as overlapping peaks. The analysis is essentially independent of background.
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  • 186
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    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. 153-158 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The pulsed beam technique has been used to achieved a high data acuumulation rate in an energy-dispersive analytical system consisting of an electron probe analyser and the Harwell ‘Highspec’ pulse analyser system 3074. The use of fast beam switching ( ∼ 30 ns transient time) and the special timing facilities available in the Harwell equipment reduce the spectrum contamination due to displacement of the probe during switching to a low level and also provide precise measurements of live time, essential for accurate analysis. Analyses performed at spectrum accumulation rate of up to 12 kP.P.S. shows agreement with accepted values to within ± 1% for major constituents. Simple modification of the system permits accumulation rates up to 25 kP.P.S.
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  • 187
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    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. 167-169 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A mathematical approach for determining Ba/Ti molar ratios of barium titanates has been made. A computer program applies the necessary corrections for absorption and secondary fluorescene. The method requires no standards and appears to be sufficiently accurate over large compositional variations. Evaluations of the magnitude of the secondary fluorescence contributions on TiKα intensities are given.
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  • 188
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    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. 170-171 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Borate fusion over a propane flame has been successfully applied to the analysis of chlorine concentration in cement. Volitization and weight loss effects have proven to be negligible.
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  • 189
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    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. 159-166 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The loss of X-ray fluorescene intensity caused by an imperfect absorption of the primary beam in specimen which are mainly composed of light elements (for example: aqueous liquids, scoriae, minerals and rock samples) is derived and its practical measurement is described. The corrections start in the range of the K spectra near Rb (Z=37) at a few per cent and increase rapidly towards Ba (Z=56). The correction factor for all elements in question can be derived from one diagram by interpolation. To accomplish the correction it is necessary to know the matrix factor and the weight of the specimen; no additional preparation is necessary.
    Notes: Die Strahlendurchlässigkeit Von Proben mit vormiegend leichten Elementen (z.B.wässrige Lösungen, Schlacken, Mineralund Gesteinsproben) führt zu Fluoreszenzatrahlungsverlusten, die unter Berücksichtingung der Strahlengeometric berechnet Werden und deren praktische Messung beschrieben wird. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die erforderlichen Korrekturen im Bereich der K-Spektren etwa beim Element Rb (Z=37)mit maximal einigen %einsetzen und zum Ba (Z=56) hin rasch ansteigen, Durch Interpolation lassen sich alle in Frage kommenden Elemente an Hand einer einzigen Korrekturtafel erfassen, Die Durchfuhrung der Korrektur verlangt die Kenntnis des Matrixfaktors und des Probengewichtes und des Probengewichtes und erfordert keine zäsatzliche präparation.
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    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. A27 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. A28 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 192
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    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. 172-175 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Liebhafsky and Zemany proposed two terms in X-ray emission analysis: one is the linear thickness of a specimen below which the absorption effect vanishes; the other is the critical thickness of a specimen above which the specimen becomes infinitely thick. The criteria for these two terms are defined here in quantitative terms. A procedure for making thin films of closely controlled thickness is described. The sample is dispersed into a film-forming polymer solution which contains an internal standard element. A thin film is made of this suspensoid by a film applicator. The internal standard element is used to correct for variation in actual film thickness. A single calibration curve can be used for samples of different matrices. Experimental data are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this thin-film method in eliminating matrix effects.
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  • 193
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    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. 176-178 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The determination of film thicknesses by XRFA is known from the literature. In most cases these methods are based on a comparison with defined reference films. Together with theoretical considerations a new method is developed, where no reference films are needed. An estimation on the accuracy of this method and measurements used in an energy dispersive system are discussed, and the method is evaluated.
    Notes: Die röntgnfluoreszenzanalytiche Bestimmung der Massenbelegung dünner Schichten ist literaturbekannt. Diese Methoden bauen zumeist auf einem Vergleich mit Proben difinierter. Massenbelegung auf. Es wird von der Theorie her gezeit, wie eine eichprobenfreie Messung möglich ist. Neben einer Abschätzung der mit dieser Methode verbundenen Fehler Werden die Messungen mit einem energiedispersiven Spektrometer und die rechnerische Auswertung behandelt.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 194
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. A28 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 195
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. A29 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 196
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. A31 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 197
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. 109-110 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An X-ray fluorescence method for the determinatios of lead, titanium, zirconium and strontium oxides in lead zirconate-titanate has been developed. The method is a simple empirical correction procedure and requires only one standard containing all the elements analyzed. Moreover, the method does not require prior determination of correction factors obtained by a complex calculation, a multiple regression procedure, or from use of a considerable number of well analyzed standards.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 198
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. 111-114 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The problem presented by a multiphase metal system is studied, where one element is able to migrate from one phase of the alloy to another due to different states of heat treatment. The experimental work was performed on the simple Al + Si system; the results demonstrate that in extreme cases relative analytical errors of 400% may be accumulated if the ‘metallurgical history’ of sample and standard is neglected. The Claisse-Samson particle size formulae for powder samples are applied to the grain size of the phases present in the allows with good agriment, and may be used to predict whether analytical problems are to be expected.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 199
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. A22 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 200
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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