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  • 1965-1969  (1,869)
  • Industrial Chemistry  (1,519)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (318)
  • Engineering
  • Nuclear reactions
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 3-28 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite element methods can be formulated from the variational principles in solid mechanics by relaxing the continuity requirements along the interelement boundaries. The combination of different variational principles and different boundary continuity conditions yields numerous types of approximate methods. This paper reviews and reinterprets the existing finite element methods and indicates other alternative schemes. Plate bending problems are used to compare the relative merits of the various methods.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 1-2 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 47-66 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Three methods for finding natural frequencies and modes of complex structures composed of beam elements are described and compared. The analysis is extended to include hysteretic damping for the determination of response and transmissibility without a modal analysis. Experimental comparison is given for the response of a simple engineering structure.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 101-122 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The derivation of the stiffness matrix for a refined, fully compatible triangular plate bending finite element is presented. The Kirchhoff plate bending theory is assumed. Six parameters or degrees of freedom are introduced at each of the three corner nodes resulting in an 18 degree of freedom element. This refined element is found to give better results for displacements and particularly for internal moments than any plate bending element, regardless of shape, previously reported in the literature.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 67-73 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite difference treatment of two-dimensional problems in elastostatics is usually based on the differential equations for the displacement vector or the Airy stress function, depending on whether boundary conditions are on displacement or stress. In either case, determination of stresses requires numerical differentiation and therefore use of a rather fine grid. Moreover, neither method is suited to the treatment of mixed boundary conditions. The alternative method developed in this paper uses the first derivatives of the displacement components at the grid points as basic variables and hence does not require numerical differentiation in the evaluation of stresses. Appropriate finite difference equations are established, and their use is discussed in connection with a specific example with known explicit solution.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 29-45 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The theory, function generator routine and testing procedures are given for a six-node 18 degree of freedom triangular element. At corner nodes the variables are the displacement and the two slopes. At midside nodes the variables are the displacement, the slope normal to the side, and the rate of change of this along the side - i.e., the rate of torsion. Of two options, one divides the triangle into three and takes different quartic displacements in the three regions, and the other uses displacement functions with singularities at the vertices. According to a test which compares the energies of the two formulations by eigenvalues, the second is the better if the integration is accurate. The same test, together with others based on finite differences and on nodal values, etc. checks the correctness of the routine decisively.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 123-133 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The large deflection problem of a rectangular plate is analysed by using the finite element method and employing the iteration technique. In the present study, the stiffness matrix of a rectangular plate element for bending proposed by Greene is employed, and results of numerical examples duly justifies applicability of the present method.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 75-100 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents first a general formulation of the elasto-plastic matrix for evaluating stress increments from those of stresses for any yield surface with an associated flow rule. A new ‘initial stress’ computational process is proposed which is shown (1) to yield more rapid convergence than alternative approaches (2) to permit large load increments without violating the yield criteria and thus simply to establish lower bound solutions. Several solutions showing stress distribution, strain development and growth of plastic enclaves are given both for the von Mises and for Coulomb (Drucker) type yield surfaces. Load reversal and thermoplastic behaviour are dealt with.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 151-162 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The direct Finite Element Analysis which was successfully employed in the solution of dynamic flexural traveling wave problems is extended herein to provide the transient behaviour of finite beams and plates in which shear deformation and rotatory inertia are considered. The particle and angular velocities are exponentially damped so that the static solutions for these problems are obtained with the same analysis which provided the dynamic and transient cases. Three special cases are chosen as examples. In the first, a sinusoidally varying shear force is applied at the tip of a cantilever beam. The resonant characteristics of this beam for both the undamped and damped cases are studied. In the second, a step shear loading is applied to a cantilever beam and its damped dynamic history is studied. Finally, a circular plate whose outer edge is simply supported is impacted at its inner edge by a step moment and its damped transient behaviour is determined. The idea of the methods is potentially applicable to dynamic problems in general.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 135-149 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The assumed stress distribution approach is used to derive the stiffness matrix of a plate-bending element of general polygonal shape having any number of nodes. The effect of assuming various numbers of unknown coefficients in the stress distributions is examined and the convergence properties of the resulting elements compared with others derived form assumed displacements.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 169-175 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical method for obtaining the Green's functions for Laplace's, Poisson's, and the transient heat diffusion equations is presented. The Green's functions thus obtained are then employed to rapidly obtain numerical solutions of the above equations by matrix multiplication, with subsequent considerable savings in machine time.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 177-180 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The solution of the large numbers of non-linear algebraic equations occurring in analyses of non-linear structural systems using finite differences or finite elements is time consuming even for the fastest computers. This paper presents a method of solution based on a Taylor's expansion technique which is an aid in the solution of such systems of equations.Examples presented show that in the finite element analysis of moderately non-linear structural systems the technique provides sufficiently accurate solutions. For more non-linear systems the technique provides excellent starting values for the Newton-Raphson method.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 163-167 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Deformation functions which, in addition to satisfying the continuity conditions at nodes. Also satisfy. Approximately, the governing differential equation within the element allow system eigenvalues to be found more accurately, with a given number of elements, than is possible with previously published deformation functions. This is illustrated for the case of beams.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 201-203 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 205-221 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a general theory of finite elements. The concept of finite elements is cast in a general topological framework valid for spaces of finite dimension. It is shown that the idea of finite element models can be developed in higher-dimensional spaces, independent of specific co-ordinate systems, for any type of continuous abstract function defined on the space. Generalizations of the familiar Lagrange and Hermite interpolation functions are presented as well as a general statement of the notion of generalized variables and conjugate fields. It is also shown that admissible finite elements can be developed for non-Euclidean spaces of finite dimension. Topological properties of finite element models are examined in Part I of the paper. Part II is devoted to certain applications.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 18
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 224-224 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 225-245 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method is presented based on matrix algebra for the dynamic analysis of a mixed rotating and non-rotating vibration system. Such systems occur in practice when turbo-alternator sets are mounted on flexible steel foundations.The mathematical model considered consists of a rotating non-uniform, bi-symmetric shaft connected via three or more flexible-film bearings to a flexible structure throughout which mass is distributed. The shaft, which is assumed to rotate at constant speed, is heavy, flexible and carries several rigid axi-symmetric discs. Viscous damping is assumed to act in all parts of the system and gravitational effects are ignored.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 181-200 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Surface displacements at the end of a semi-infinite, circular cylinder due to an axisymmetric ring of forces on the end are examined. The solution which has been found may then be used to find surface displacements for general axisymmetric loadings by convolution. The solution, in tabular form, is given as corrections to the counter-part half-space solution.The method of solution involves a three step superposition process. First, the displacement due to a ring of forces on a half-space is found by using the Boussinesq solution. Then, the excess tractions on the half-space, over that of the cylinder, are removed. This is done in two parts. The problem of an infinite cylinder with linearly varying pressure and shear over a short length of the lateral surface is solved by using Fourier integrals. This is used for the removal of the pressure and shear on the lateral surface of the cylinder by convolution. Next, the stresses at the mid-section of the infinite cylinder are removed. This is done by finding a set of boundary conditions for the end which yields zero tractions on the lateral surface. Then a series of these boundary conditions is used to approximate the tractions which must be removed.With the solution thus obtained, two sample problems are shown: 1. an elastic cylinder in contact with a half-space; 2. a rigid punch in contact with an elastic cylinder.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 22
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 247-259 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In Part I of the this paper, topological properties of finite element models of functions defined on spaces of finite dimension were examined. In this part, a number of applications of the general theory are presented. These include the generation of finite element models in the time domain and certain problems in wave propagation, kinetic theory of gases, non-linear partial differential equations, non-linear continuum mechanics, and fluid dynamics.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 23
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 275-277 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 24
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 261-274 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A presentation is made of a rectangular plate bending element, the use of which corresponds to the finite difference method. The element stiffness matrix is arrived at by approximation of the strain energy of the element by suitably selected finite difference expressions which contain not only values in respect of the deflection, but also values of its first derivatives. On the basis of the connection found between the two methods, some changes are suggested in the finite difference method, which involve a more realistic way of considering the detailed distribution of the loading. The effect of these modifications is illustrated in two applications.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 25
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 279-299 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: When calculating complex interconnected systems (electrical, power, water supply, gas systems, etc.) by digital computer, a number of common problems arise, connected both with the mathematically correct formulation of the problem under investigation, and with the algorithms of the solution, the programming of which makes it possible to reduce the computing time, the store capacity and the volume of input data required. The present article is devoted to the solution of these problems. The procedure is illustrated by formulating and manipulating the equations relating to complex interconnected mine ventilation networks.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 301-310 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Solution of plane elastic problems by piecewise linear approximation is outlined. This method is based upon Galerkin error distribution technique, which leads to simultaneous algebraic equations identical to those associated with the Finite Element Method. In addition, this method permits definition of the discretization error, which can be computed once the displacement components are known. Properties of the interpolation functions are discussed, and a sequence of internally compatible plane elastic elements is defined.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 28
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 311-331 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A review is given of some mathematical programming methods suitable for optimization of structures needing matrix methods for analysis. An application is presented for elastic flat grillages made of straight orthogonal beams normally loaded. Empirical relationships are used to relate beam section properties so that each beam element has only one design variable. Optimization results are obtained by methods of stress-ratio, linear programming-cutting plane and usable-feasible gradient directions. A comparison of the efficiency of these methods is given for the grillage designs which are shown to have non-convex stress constraints and numerous relative optima. Instances are given of non-fully stressed global optima and fully stressed designs which are not local optima for cases with only stress constraints. Discussions include locating the global optima for grillage designs and extensions of the methods presented to other structural design problems.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 29
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 333-349 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents a method for reducing the size of a vibration analysis by generating an inertia matrix referred to a limited set of ‘master’ vibrational freedoms. In designing a computer program to perform this mass condensation process, the emphasis has been on providing a two way interface between structural analysis and vibration analysis programs. The transformation from the full set of degrees of freedom to the master set makes extensive vibration calculations economically feasible giving solutions in terms of the amplitudes of the master freedoms. However, by reversing the transformation after completion of a vibration analysis, it is possible to restore the full set of freedoms, allowing automatic plotting of mode shapes in full detail, and re-entry to the structural analysis program for the purpose of computing dynamic stresses.A worked example is given. This is a realistic machine tool structure rather than the simple plates or beams which are usually used for illustration purposes. Natural frequencies and mode shapes, calculated with various degrees of condensation, are compared with those obtained by using all possible freedoms. A comparison is also made with an intuitive selection of ‘lumped masses’.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 30
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 351-378 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The application of non-linear programming methods for the optimum design of statically indeterminate structures is discussed, with special emphasis on the design of elastic grillages loaded laterally and in plane. Some features of SUMT (sequential unconstrained minimization technique) are demonstrated by means of numerous examples of varying complexity. The Variable Metric method of search is discussed and compared to Powell's Direct Method. It is shown that non-convex sets of design variables are often encountered in structural problems of the grillage type. SUMT may still be used, but the choice of starting value and initial response factor decisively influences the chance of finding the global optimum.It is demonstrated that a fully stressed design may not necessarily correspond to the minimum weight design. Optimum design of grillages which are simultaneously subjected to lateral and in-plane loads may be performed efficiently by means of non-linear programming.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 31
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 379-394 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A completely numerical method for steady state linear viscoelastic stress analysis is presented by means of the finite element approach. Numerical representations of the measured viscoelastic constitutive relations are used. This method is developed to obtain steady state solutions to mixed boundary value problems in which the character of the boundary conditions at a point changes with time. Such problems cannot be handled by direct application of the correspondence theorem. A numerical example of viscoelastic sheet rolling is presented along with an experimental verification of the solution by photo-viscoelastic observations.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 32
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 395-395 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 33
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 34
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 163-168 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bei einer Wachstumsrate von durchschnittlich rd. 9,5% pro Jahr seit 1910, die sogar die des Stahls übersteigt, beträgt die Jahresweltproduktion an Aluminium gegenwärtig 8 Mio t. Der spezifische elektrische Energieverbrauch konnte in den letzten Jahrzehnten von 40 auf heute rd. 13 bis 14 kWh/kg Al gesenkt werden, was bei einer theoretisch erforderlichen Mindestenergie von 6,43 kWh/kg Al eine rd. 50proz. Ausnutzung der Kraftwerksenergie bedeutet. Trotzdem ist die Al-Schmelzflußelektrolyse auch heute noch ein äußerst energie-intensives Verfahren, und die Entwicklungen haben weiterhin das Ziel, durch verbesserte Ofenkonstruktionen und Optimalisierung der Prozeßbedingungen den Energieverbrauch zu verringern.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 35
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gegenüber den konventionellen Lichtbogenverfahren zur Acetylen-Erzeugung aus Kohlenwasserstoffen unterscheidet sich der neue Plasma-Lichtbogenofen darin, daß der Bogen in einem Wasserstoff-Plasma brennt. Der besondere Vorteil des Plasma-Ofens ist, daß sich in ihm sowohl gasförmige als auch flüssige Kohlenwasserstoffe cracken lassen und daß sich durch Einstellen der Temperatur das Ausbeute-Verhältnis Acetylen zu Äthylen im Crackgas in gewissen Grenzen variieren läßt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die technischen Schwierigkeiten der Titan-Elektrolyse, die besonders in der Weiterverarbeitung eines schwammigen, Elektrolyt-Einschlüsse enthaltenden Niederschlags bestehen, werden erörtert und Verfahren zur Gewinnung kompakten Titans diskutiert. Eine Kostenanalyse für Elektrolyt-Titan zeigt, daß gegenwärtig der Preis des Ausgangsmaterials kostenbestimmend ist, während der Preisanteil der elektrischen Energie nur bei etwa 20% liegt. Eine Senkung des Energiepreises dürfte sich daher erst dann auf den Preis von Elektrolyt-Titan merklich auswirken, wenn diese mindestens 20% beträgt.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An einer halbtechnischen Kolonne wurde beobachtet, daß Blasengröße, Blasenform und Sprudelhöhe einer Sprudelschicht in hohem Maße von den Stoffeigenschaften beeinflußt werden. Eine Modellvorstellung führte zu einer dimensionslosen Beziehung für die Sprudelhöhe. Dem Umstand, daß mit steigendem Gasdurchsatz der Anteil des flüssigkeitsseitigen Druckverlustes abnimmt, wird vielfach durch die Einführung eines Begasungsfaktors Rechnung getragen. Seine Abhängigkeit von den verschiedenen Einflußgrößen konnte in dimensionsloser Form dargestellt werden.
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  • 38
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bei der Trocknung hygroskopischer Kunststoffkörper ist neben den äußeren Bedingungen der Diffusionskoeffizient die entscheidende Größe. In der Regel ist dieser temperatur- und feuchtigkeitsabhängig. Für die Diffusion von Wasser in ®Perlon wurden diese Abhängigkeiten experimentell bestimmt. Berücksichtigt man diese Abhängigkeiten bei der Berechnung des Trocknungsverlaufs, so stimmen Rechnung und Messung im gesamten Feuchtigkeitsgebiet gut überein. Für alle praktischen Fälle erhält man ausreichende Übereinstimmung, wenn man die Konzentrationsabhängigkeit des Diffusionskoeffizienten nur im Bereich geringer Restfeuchtigkeit berücksichtigt.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bei den verschiedenen Klärschlamm-Beseitigungsverfahren verursacht die vorherige Aufbereitung durch mechanische Entwässerung mit nachgeschalteter Verbrennung beachtliche Investitions- und Betriebskosten. Beschrieben werden zwei Entwässerungs- und Verbrennungsanlagen für kommunale Klärschlämme: In der Schlamm-Entwässerungsanlage findet anschließend eine autarke Schlamm-Verbrennung statt. In der Anlage für gemeinsame Verbrennung von eingedicktem Schlamm und Stadtmüll wird die bei der Verbrennung von Müll entstehende Wärme zur Klärschlammtrocknung und -verbrennung genutzt. Dadurch kann auf eine aufwendige mechanische Klärschlammentwässerung verzichtet werden.
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  • 40
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Bedeutung der verschiedenen Arten der Stickoxide und ihr Beitrag zur Luftverunreinigung wird analysiert. Als Stickoxid-Quellen sind in dieser Hinsicht Kraftfahrzeuge von besonderer Bedeutung. Bei der Analyse der Methoden zur Verringerung des Stickoxid-Gehaltes von Abgasen wird der Entstehung von Stickstoff-Verbindungen in Verbrennungsmotoren und ihrer Verringerung durch direkte katalytische Reduktion besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Zukünftig notwendige Forschungs- und Entwicklungsvorhaben werden behandelt, wobei neue, die Luft nicht verschmutzende Transportmittel für den Massenverkehr in die Betrachtungen mit einbezogen werden.
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  • 41
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 615-619 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Um einen vollständigen Ausbrand zu erzielen und um jegliche Geruchsbelästigung zu vermeiden, müssen kommunale und industrielle Abwasserschlämme bei Temperaturen über 750°C verbrannt werden. Von dieser Bedingung ausgehend, werden die Einflüsse der Verbrennungslufttemperatur und der Luftüberschußzahl auf die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Verbrennung und des vorgeschalteten Schlammbehandlungs- und Entwässerungsverfahrens erläutert. Der Wirbelschichtofen kann mit geringstem Luftüberschuß und mit Verbrennungsluft-Temperaturen bis 600°C betrieben werden und ermöglicht einen praktisch vollständigen Ausbrand. Er ist daher auch zur Verbrennung von ungefaulten Schlämmen und von Abfallstoffen mit hohem Anteil an leichtflüchtigen Verbindungen geeignet.
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  • 42
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 636-636 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 43
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 638-638 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 44
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 638-638 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 45
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 643-644 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 46
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 739-739 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 47
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 740-740 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 48
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zur Bestimmung reaktionskinetischer Daten von Simultanreaktionen erster Ordnung bei der isothermen Pyrolyse von Feststoffen, hier speziell von Kohlen, wurde ein Analog-Rechenverfahren entwickelt. Die berechneten Reaktionsgeschwindigkeitskonstanten lassen sich unabhängig vom Inkohlungsgrad bestimmten Reaktionsstufen zuordnen. Für die bei der Pyrolyse von Steinkohlen anfallenden Entgasungsprodukte Methan, Propan, Äthylen und Kohlenmonoxid wurden Aktivierungsenergien von 48 bis 66 kcal/mol und Stoßfaktoren von 1013 bis 1017 min-1 ermittelt. Für Äthan liegen die Werte bei 50 bis 90 kcal/mol und 1014 bis 1025 min-1 Miteinem weiteren Analog-Rechenprogramm können aus den reaktionskinetischen Daten, die mit dem ersten Rechenprogramm ermittelt wurden, die ihnen entsprechenden nicht-isotherm aufgenommenen Entgasungskurven berechnet werden.
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  • 49
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 832-834 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 50
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 830-832 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 51
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 838-839 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 52
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 884-884 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 53
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 889-889 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 54
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Für ein Vierstoff-Gemisch aus Äthylacetat, Äthanol, Wasser und Toluol wird die Berechnung der binären Gleichgewichte erläutert. Das Rechenprogramm für die Auslegung von Kolonnen wird besprochen und der für das gewählte Stoffgemisch berechnete Konzentrationsverlauf mit dem gemessenen verglichen. Die Übereinstimmung zwischen Rechnung und Messung ist zufriedenstellend.
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  • 55
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 937-939 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 56
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 940-942 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 57
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 962-966 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In der BASF wird Formaldehyd durch oxidative Dehydrierung von Methanol an einem Silberkristall-Katalysator bei 600 bis 700°C erzeugt. Die Temperatur wird durch Regelung der Luftzufuhr eingestellt und ist für den maximalen Umsatz ebenso wichtig wie die Korngröße des Katalysators. Es wird über die optimale Katalysator-Belastung, den Einfluß der Verweilzeit und des Wasser-Zusatzes auf die Ausbeute berichtet, die im Dauerbetrieb 87,5% d. Th., bezogen auf das eingesetzte Methanol, erreicht. Die Investitions-, Rohstoff- und Energiekosten liegen günstig. Das Verfahren eignet sich wegen des einfachen apparativen Aufbaus für Anlagen unterschiedlicher Kapazität.
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  • 58
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1015-1020 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es werden der Druckverlust und der Stoffübergang in einem Strahlapparat untersucht, in dem die Flüssigkeit an der Abströmkante eines Konus zerstäubt wird. Im Gegensatz zum Venturi-Absorber wird dabei die zum Zerstäuben notwendige Energie nur von dem Gasstrom aufgebracht. Die Konstruktionen werden dadurch einfach und betriebssicher. Aufgrund einer Dimensionsanalyse können die Meßergebnisse für verschiedene geometrische Abmessungen des Apparates und für verschiedene Stoffsysteme in großen Bereichen durch dimensionslose Beziehungen beschrieben werden.
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  • 59
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 988-989 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 60
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1023-1024 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 61
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1020-1022 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 62
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Die Anwendung von Näherungsansätzen der Phasenthermodynamik erlaubt es, den bei der Bearbeitung thermischer Trennverfahren zur Zerlegung nichtidealer Vielstoffgemische erforderlichen experimentellen Aufwand mit für die Praxis ausreichender Genauigkeit beträchtlich zu verringern; dies wird am Beispiel zweier Trennkolonnen demonstriert.
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1022-1023 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 64
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1039-1040 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 65
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1040-1042 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 66
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969) 
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1082-1091 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 68
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1091-1092 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 69
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1092-1094 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 70
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1111-1118 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Der Sauerstoff-Austausch zwischen einer mit dem Isotop 18O angereicherten Wasserprobe und strömendem CO2-Gas mit natürlicher Isotopenhäufigkeit läßt sich durch eine Zeitkonstante charakterisieren, die durch Messung des zeitlichen Verlaufs der 18O-Konzentration im Wasser bestimmt wird. Aus der Abhängigkeit der Zeitkonstante von der Temperatur, vom CO2-Durchsatz, vom Bicarbonat- und Carbonat-Gehalt des Wassers werden die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten der Austauschreaktionen ermittelt.
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  • 71
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1128-1130 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Untersuchung der Trioxan-Acidolyse in wäßrigen Lösungen verschiedener Konzentrationen an Formaldehyd und Trioxan bei 81, 91 und 101°C in 2-bzw. 4proz. Schwefelsäure ermöglichte die Berechnung der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten. Die Reaktion wird autokatalytisch beschleunigt und verläft nach einer einheitlichen kinetischen Gleichung. Die Beobachtung verschiedener Autoren, daß die Acidolyse eine Reaktion erster Ordnung sei, trifft nur bei niedrigen Konzentrationen an Formaldehyd zu Beginn der Umsetzung (weniger als 20%) und niedrigen Temperaturen zu.
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1141-1141 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1231-1232 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 74
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1237-1238 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1243-1251 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es werden die technologischen Eigenschaften der martensitaushärtbaren, hochfesten NiCoMo- bzw. CrNiCoMo-Stähle an Hand von Zug-, Kerbzug-, Kerbschlagbiege- und Dauerschwellversuchen ermittelt. Des weiteren werden Ergebnisse von Berst- und Innendruckschwellversuchen an aus Stangen herausgearbeiteten Hohlkörpern mitgeteilt. Zusätzlich wurde auch die Beständigkeit dieser Werkstoffe gegen verschiedene Medien geprüft. Die Ergebnisse lassen für diese Stahltypen gewisse Anwendungsmöglichkeiten im Chemie-Apparatebau erkennen.
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1251-1259 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Für den Bereich der Flug- und Sprungförderung beim hydraulischen und pneumatischen Feststofftransport in waagerechten geraden Rohren wird ein einfaches physikalisches Modell entwickelt. Ausgehend von diesem Modell wird ein allgemeines Widerstandsgesetz für den Feststofftransport gewonnen. Daraus lassen sich die speziellen Widerstandsgesetze des hydraulischen und pneumatischen Transportes ableiten. Das Widerstandsgesetz für den pneumatischen Transport wird an zahlreichen eigenen Meßergebnissen und denen anderer Autoren geprüft.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 77
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1270-1273 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bei Reaktionen im System gasförmig/flüssig/fest, z. B. beim Hydrieren mit suspendiertem Kontakt, muß der Rührer sowohl das Gas dispergieren als auch den Feststoff vom Behälterboden aufwirbeln. Zu diesem Zweck wurde der selbstansaugende Rohrrührer mit einem unter ihm auf gleicher Welle angeordneten Propellerrührer kombiniert. Für diese Rührerkombination wurden durch Laborversuche die Gasdurchsatz-, die Wellenleistungs- sowie die Aufwirbelungs-Charakteristik aufgestellt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 78
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1273-1276 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Für das bei der Untersuchung von Vorgängen in Füllkörperkolonnen häufig verwendete System Wasser/CO2/Luft wird empirisch eine quantitative Beziehung zwischen dem pH-Wert und der CO2-Konzentration der Lösung ermittelt, wodurch sich die Möglichkeit einer schnellen Bestimmung der CO2-Löslichkeit in Wasser ohne Eingriff in die zu untersuchende Apparatur ergibt. Statistisch fundierte Angaben über den Henry-Koeffizienten und dessen Temperaturabhängigkeit erlauben es, den jeweils maximal möglichen, ortsabhängigen Umsatz in Füllkörperkolonnen zu ermitteln.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 79
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1285-1286 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 80
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1317-1321 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 81
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1321-1324 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 82
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1336-1338 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 83
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 7-16 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Der Stoffumsatz bei einer äquimolaren, heterogenen chemischen Reaktion an der Oberfläche einer ebenen Platte mit isothermer, laminarer Grenzschichtströmung wird bei verschiedenen Reaktionsordnungen theoretisch untersucht. Das Ergebnis sind örtliche und mittlere Sherwood-Zahlen für alle Schmidt- und Damköhler-Zahlen. Für den maximal möglichen Stoffumsatz lassen sich physikalisch gesetzte Grenzen angeben. Die Ergebnisse werden mit bereits bekannten theoretischen Lösungen verglichen. Mit Hilfe der Rechnungen werden experimentelle Untersuchungen von Bräuer und Fetting zusammengefaßt und in neuer Form dargestellt. Es ergibt sich dabei eine gute Übereinstimmung zwischen Theorie und Experiment.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 85
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 238-244 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die optimale Auslegung von Anlagen nach wirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten ist in der Regel ein Optimierungsproblem mit mehreren unabhängigen Variablen, wobei Nebenbedingungen in Form von Gleichungen oder auch Ungleichungen zu beachten sind. Für nichtlineare Kostenfunktionen wird als Lösungsmethode die konvexe Optimierung untersucht und dem Einzelschrittverfahren gegenübergestellt. Nach dieser Methode können die Temperaturen in mehrstufigen Verdampfungsanlagen so berechnet werden, daß die spezifischen Kosten der Brüden ein Minimum werden. Im zweiten Optimierungsschritt wird die wirtschaftlich günstigste Verdampferanzahl bestimmt. Die Rechenprogramme in ALGOL sind für verschiedene Schaltungen aufgestellt und können sowohl zur reinen Anlagenberechnung als auch zur Optimierung in andere Rechenprogramme eingebaut werden.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 86
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Für den Zylinderrührer wird unter Voraussetzung des Schubspannungsansatzes von Ostwald und de Waele eine Gleichung für die Rührerleistung hergeleitet. Darin ist die Ausbildung einer Trombe berücksichtigt. Eine einfache Berechnungsgleichung für die Leistungsaufnahme von Anker- und Blattrührern wird durch Anpassung der Meßwerte an die theoretisch hergeleitete Leistungsgleichung für den Zylinderrührer entwickelt. Diese Beziehung gilt unter Vernachlässigung des Trombeneinflusses bei laminarer Strömung bis etwa Re = 15 für strukturviskose und Newtonsche Flüssigkeiten. Die Meßwerte werden mit einem mittleren Fehler von ± 8% wiedergegeben.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 87
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 289-294 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Primärvorgänge bei der heterogenen Katalyse können mit atomar reinen Einkristall-Oberflächen untersucht werden. Aussagen über die Struktur von Oberflächenphasen werden mit der Methode der Beugung niederenergetischer Elektronen (LEED) erhalten, mit deren Hilfe eine allgemeine Charakterisierung von Adsorptionserscheinungen und katalytischen Reaktionen möglich ist. Es wird über ausgewählte Beispiele berichtet.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 88
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 348-352 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Disperse Feststoffe mit Korngrößen unter 1 mm können nach zwei Verfahren klassiert werden: durch Sieben und durch Sichten. Die Wahl hängt von der geforderten Trennschärfe und der Durchsatzleistung ab. Es wird gezeigt, wie weit beim pneumatischen Strahlsieben neben der hohen Trennschärfe auch eine ähnlich hohe Durchsatzleistung wie mit Sichtern erzielt werden kann.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 89
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Einzugszone eines Einschneckenextruders hat auf das Förderverhalten der gesamten Schneckenpresse einen großen Einfluß. Es wurden Gleichungen entwickelt, die, aufbauend auf den Erkenntnissen über Reibungsverhalten und Druckverteilung des Kunststoffgranulates, eine Berechnung von Fördermenge, Druckaufbau und Antriebsleistung im Feststoffbereich eines Extruders ermöglichen. Umfangreiche Versuchsreihen bestätigen die theoretisch abgeleiteten Zusammenhänge. Unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen gelingt es, den Einzugsbereich so zu gestalten, daß die Fördermenge weitgehend druckunabhängig wird.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 90
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 394-395 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 91
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dispers-plastische Materialien sind in vielen praktisch wichtigen Fällen als rheologische Substanzen anzusehen, auf die die Voraussetzungen der Kontinuumstheorie zutreffen. Die Fließfunktion γ = f (τ) liefert dann wesentliche Informationen über das rheologische Verhalten. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurde die Fließfunktion dispers-plastischer Materialien unter Berücksichtigung von Wandgleiten experimentell ermittelt. Zur analytischen Erfassung des Fließverhaltens der untersuchten Substanzen wird ein Stoffgesetz vorgeschlagen, das die nichtlineare, experimentell erhaltene Fließfunktion durch elastische Eigenschaften der Materialien erklärt.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 92
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 396-400 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 93
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 403-404 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 94
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 406-407 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 95
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 89-89 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Für die Gewinnung kleinerer Süßwassermengen aus Meerwasser von etwa 500 m3/Tag sind Destillationsanlagen mit Brüdenkompression, die durch einen Dieselmotor angetrieben werden, in vielen Fällen wirtschaftlicher als Anlagen, die nach dem System der Entspannungsverdampfung arbeiten. Bei größeren Anlagen sowie bei einer kombinierten Herstellung von Strom und Süßwasser hängt die Wirtschaftlichkeit stark von den Brennstoffkosten sowie der Verzinsung und Abschreibung ab und muß für jeden einzelnen Fall überprüft werden.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 97
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 129-134 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Herstellung von Methanol nach dem Niederdruck-Verfahren mit Cu-Katalysatoren bietet gegenüber dem konventionellen, mit Zn/Cr-Katalysatoren arbeitenden Hochdruck-Verfahren mehrere Vorteile. So beträgt die Energieersparnis durch die geringere Kompression bis zu 260 kWh/t Methanol, und außerdem können bei der Synthese mit Niederdruck anstelle von Kolbenkompressoren die wirtschaftlicheren Turbokompressoren schon in mittleren Anlagen verwendet werden. Weitere Vorteile des Verfahrens, wie das Arbeiten mit Dampf von nur 40 bis 60 at anstelle elektrischer Energie, schneller Katalysatorwechsel, geringer Druckverlust und gute Gasverteilung, ermöglichen besonders bei kleinen und mittleren Anlagen Ersparnisse bei den Betriebs- und Kapitalkosten. In diesem Beitrag werden die wichtigsten technischen und wirtschaftlichen Unterschiede zwischen beiden Verfahren erörtert sowie einige Erfahrungen mitgeteilt, die mit einer 1966 bei der ICI erstellten großtechnischen 50-at-Anlage gewonnen wurden.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 98
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 144-145 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 228-232 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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  • 100
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wird eine Methode beschrieben, die es erlaubt, mit Hilfe photometrischer Messung örtliche Stoffübergangszahlen an der Oberfläche umströmter Körper zu ermitteln. Die Methode wurde zur Untersuchung von Transportvorgängen bei Zwangskonvektion im Luftstrom entwickelt. Aufgrund der Analogie von Wärme- und Stoffübertragung kann sie auch zur Bestimmung des örtlichen Wärmeüberganges in vielen Fällen mit Vorteil benutzt werden.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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