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  • 1965-1969  (24)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1890-1899
  • 1800-1809
  • Chlorpromazine
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 33-37 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Amphetamine ; Chlorpromazine ; Drug-Dependance ; Behavior ; Behavioral Tolerance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In mice, marked decrement in response strength occurred when conditioned avoidance responses were acquired under amphetamine but emitted without amphetamine or under chlorpromazine; or acquired under chlorpromazine and emitted without chlorpromazine or under amphetamine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 271-283 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Scopolamine ; Acquisition ; Dissociation ; Conditioned Suppression ; Chlorpromazine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In order to assess the effects of scopolamine on the learning of a conditioned suppression (“fear”) response, four groups of rats were trained and tested under drug or saline, according to a 2×2 factorial design. Conditioned suppression was virtually absent in the group trained under scopolamine and tested under saline, but was well developed and equally strong in the other three groups. This result was attributed to dissociation of learning and a drug-induced impairment of learning, which act in concert only in the Scopolamine-Saline subgroup. The effects of each factor in isolation could be demonstrated in the Saline-Scopolamine and Scopolamine-Scopolamine subgroups if the sensitivity of the test were increased by the use of low shock intensity and low hunger motivation. Rats trained under scopolamine methyl nitrate or chlorpromazine exhibited normal suppression when tested without drug. The negative results with methyl scopolamine suggest that scopolamine impairs the acquisition of conditioned suppression by a blockade of central cholinergic synapses. The negative results with chlorpromazine suggest that adrenergic synapses play a less important role than cholinergic ones in fear conditioning.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 342-348 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): REM Sleep ; Chlorpromazine ; Dose Effects
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The data in the literature on the effects of chlorpromazine on sleep are either incomplete or apparently contradictory. The present investigation was carried out on 7 human subjects and demonstrates that at a dose level of 100 mg, chlorpromazine has a depressant effect on rapid eye movement (REM) sleep while at 25 mg it has an enhancing effect on this type of sleep. It is argued that, coupled with a possible species difference, this could account for the seeming contradictions in previous studies. It is also pointed out that unlike many psychoactive drugs, chlorpromazine does not show an immediate increase in REM sleep on withdrawal, and that this is probably due to its slow clearance rate from body tissue. This lack of immediate REM sleep withdrawal increase may in part account for chlorpromazine's clinical lack of withdrawal effects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 232-235 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Aggressiveness ; Exploratory Behaviour ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Desmethylimipramine ; Chlorpromazine ; Pentobarbital ; Amphetamine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The emotional level can deeply change the exploratory behaviour in mice measured in the “hole-board” test. Psychoactive drugs in small amount influence this behavioural parameter differently in normal or in aggressive mice.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Chlorpromazine ; Pentobarbital ; Delayed Matching ; Motor Impairment ; Sedation ; Memory
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Monkeys trained to perform in a delayed matching test under five delay conditions were given chlorpromazine hydrochloride (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg) and pentobarbital sodium (1.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/kg) before test sessions. Both drugs decreased response rate proportionally as dose increased. Chlorpromazine initially depressed accuracy, but showed no specific effects as delay interval increased. Pentobarbital had little effect upon accuracy, although impairment on the simultaneous conditions was seen at the highest dose. It is concluded that neither drug produced specific effects upon short-term memory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 23-32 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Avoidance Learning ; Animal ; Chlorpromazine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Four groups of rats were trained to avoid electric shock by responding to an initially neutral stimulus in four different test situations: 1) by turning a wheel in presence of a buzzer stimulus, 2) by turning a wheel in presence of a small light, 3) by crossing a hurdle in presence of a buzzer stimulus, and 4) by depressing a lever in presence of a tone stimulus. The facility with which the four groups acquired the conditioned avoidance response (CAR) corresponded to the order of their description above. It is postulated that what retards CAR acquisition is a competitive, conditioned crouching-freezing response. After training, all animals were tested under 1 and 2 mg/kg of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ). The degree of CAR inhibition under CPZ was a function of the acquisition history, the fastest learners being least affected. It is suggested that the additive effects of depressed arousal and disinhibition of crouching-freezing account for the differential effects of CPZ on the CAR.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 14 (1969), S. 417-425 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Psychopharmacology ; Psychoses ; Reflex, Abnormal ; Chlorpromazine ; Trifluopromazine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary According to our results in 117 subjects, recently taken medications, age and sex must be considered when duration of the Achilles-tendon reflex is used as a clinical test to assess thyroid status. Males have a shorter ATR than females. In older subjects the ATR lasts longer than in those below age 27. Fifty-two psychiatric patients before medication did not differ in ATR duration from 65 controls. However, after 28 patients took chlorpromazine and 24 received trifluoperazine, ATR was prolonged in the chlorpromazine group and shortened in the trifluoperazine group. Neither chlorpromazine concentrate, 1,800 mg, nor trifluoperazine concentrate, 180 mg, given during the first six days, affected ATR, but an additional 6,000 mg of chlorpromazine, or an additional 420 mg of trifluoperazine over the next six days, did significantly alter ATR-duration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 159-168 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Amobarbital ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Chlorpromazine ; Punishment ; Trifluoperazine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Amobarbital and certain low doses of trifluoperazine hydrochloride each attenuated the suppressant effects of punishment on response rates of rats in a multiple schedule of reinforcement containing punishment and non-punishment components. Combined treatment with these two agents, at a dose ratio of 1∶15 of trifluoperazine-HCl (base weight) to amobarbital, also attenuated the effects of punishment at all dose levels tested. The effect of the combined treatment was qualitatively similar to that seen following treatment with chlordiazepoxide. Combined treatment produced an effect on punished behavior at a dose level containing an ineffective dose of trifluoperazine-HCl and the degree of effect, at this dose level, was significantly greater than that produced by amobarbital alone, at this dose level. The effects of the combined treatment on non-punished responding were similar to those of trifluoperazine-HCl alone. In the procedure described, stable performance was established, and responding in both components of the schedule was maintained, for long periods of time without the necessity for repeated titration of shock intensities for individual rats. Increases as well as decreases of response rates in the punishment component could be measured with all rats following treatment with various pharmacological agents.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 15 (1969), S. 310-332 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Mult FR33-FI5 ; DL-Amphetamine ; Scopolamine ; Benzodiazepines ; Phenobarbital ; Chlorpromazine ; Haloperidol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Several drugs were tested for their effects on the performance of pigeons in a schedule of positive reinforcement (Multiple Fixed Ratio 33-Fixed Interval 5 min). The experiments consisted of three successive cross-over designs, each involving a pair of drugs: amphetamine versus scopolamine; phenobarbital versus chlordiazepoxide; chlorpromazine versus haloperidol. Diazepam was tested alone at the end of the experiments. Amphetamine induced an enhancement of overall FI response rates at lower doses, while higher doses were followed by a reduction or a reversal of effect in most animals. The response enhancement was not necessarily associated to an alteration of the characteristic FI scalloped pattern (quantified by means of quarter-life measurements), while higher doses caused a marked enhancement of responding in the early portion of the interval. Scopolamine provoked a dose-dependent reduction of response rate and of quarter-life. Marked effects on the latter appeared, in general, at doses higher than those sufficient to depress response rate. Nevertheless, this drug was the most potent of all agents tested in regard to attenuation of the FI curvature. On the other hand, the discrimination between the FI and FR components of the schedule, based on visual stimuli, was unaffected. Phenobarbital provoked a marked dose-dependent enhancement of response rate and a reduction of quarter-life. Chlordiazepoxide gave a clear-cut, dose-dependent reduction of response rate in some animals, while negligible or non-systematic changes were observed in others. Diazepam provoked a wide variety of changes in opposite directions. With both benzodiazepine derivatives no significant average deviations of response rates from control baselines were obtained, while significant changes in quarter-life were observed. Again, the latter were in the direction of an increased proportion of early responses. The well-known properties of chlorpromazine, which gives a reduction of response rate and of quarter-life, were confirmed. However, a rather large dose (5 mg/kg) was necessary to obtain clear-cut, significant effects. On the contrary, haloperidol gave a major depression of response rate already at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg, but left the response distribution unaffected at all doses tested (0.05–0.4 mg/kg).
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 16 (1969), S. 25-29 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Chlorpromazine ; Discriminated Avoidance ; Avoidance Learning
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Rats were either trained or tested after receiving injections of either 0, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg of chlorpromazine in an effort to separate drug effects on learning or memory processes from effects on performance. One-trial place avoidance discrimination was used so that response choice could provide a relatively unequivocal indicator of retention. In substantial agreement with previous results, no drug effects on discriminated avoidance were found in spite of profound motor impairment at the highest drug level. Failure of the drug to affect response latencies was discussed in terms of possible contrasting effects on avoidance and motor behavior.
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 16 (1969), S. 105-114 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Chlorpromazine ; Short-Term Memory ; Memory Decay ; Memory Consolidation ; Passive Avoidance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary F1 hybrids of two highly inbred strains of mice were trained in a one-trial passive avoidance learning situation. Chlorpromazine, in doses of 0.5, 2.0 and 3.5 mg/kg, was administered at one of four injections times, 10 min before and 0.5, 2 and 10 min after learning. Pre-learning drug administration completely blocked acquisition of a learned avoidance response. Post-learning drug effects were more complex, involving reduced expression of avoidance learning but less rapid extinction of the learned response. The results were related to effects of the drug on short-term memory trace decay and consolidation.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Cognition ; Secobarbital ; Chlorpromazine ; Monkey
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Monkeys were trained in the performance of a matching from sample task and in two simultaneous visual discrimination tasks differing in level of difficulty. In the case of the matching task, four doses each of chlorpromazine and of secobarbital were administered to the animals according to a balanced design. The procedure was then replicated. The results of the matching task indicated that chlorpromazine produced many errors of omission and few errors of commission. The latter kind of error as well as other measures of confused responding were seen primarily with secobarbital. In the case of the visual discriminations, secobarbital produced greater impairment of the more difficult (pattern) task than of the simpler (color) task; chlorpromazine had equivalent effects on the two tasks. The similarity between the secobarbital action and the behavioral consequences of certain cortical lesions in the monkey was discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 16 (1969), S. 147-155 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Amphetamine ; Chlorpromazine ; Scopolamine ; Drug Interactions ; Delayed Matching
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Two drug combinations, amphetamine-chlorpromazine and amphetamine-scopolamine, were examined in monkeys performing on a delayed matching test. Antagonism between the effects of amphetamine and chlorpromazine on both response rate and accuracy measures of performance was found. Amphetamine and scopolamine had antagonistic effects on response rate but synergistic effects on accuracy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 264 (1969), S. 129-146 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Calcium Transport ; Muscle Contraction ; Chlorpromazine ; Prenylamine ; Reserpine ; Imipramine ; Calciumtransport ; Muskelkontraktion ; Chlorpromazin ; renylamin ; Reserpin ; Imipramin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Chlorpromazin, Prenylamin, Imipramin und Reserpin-Hemmstoffe des aktiven Calciumtransports an isolierten Vesikeln des sarkoplasmatischen Reticulums aus quergestreifter Muskulatur-beeinflußten auch am intakten, in Ringer-Lösung suspendierten Froschmuskel Ca-Austausch und Muskel-funktion. 1. Chlorpromazin (5 · 10−5 M), Prenylamin (10−4 M) und Imipramin (10−3 M), nicht jedoch Reserpin (10−4M) verursachten am M. rectus und am M. sartorius eine langanhaltende, reversible Kontraktur. Schon in niedrigeren, nicht kontrak-turauslösenden Konzentrationen schwächten die Pharmaka die durch Acetylcholin am M. rectus verursachten Kontraktionen ab. 2. In der gleichen Konzentration, in der Chlorpromazin und Prenylamin die Acetylcholinwirkung hemmten, schwächten sie auch die durch direkte submaximale elektrische Reizung ausgelösten Muskelkontraktionen ab. Reserpin verstärkte diese primär und schwächte sie erst nach längerer Einwirkungszeit ab. 3. Es wird diskutiert, wie diese Wirkungen sich der durch die Pharmaka ausgeübten Beeinflussung des Calciumaustauschs an den Zeil- und Vesikelmembranen des Muskels zuordnen lassen: in niedrigen, nicht kontrakturauslösenden Konzentrationen hemmten sie Calciuminflux und -efflux, in kontrakturauslösenden Konzentrationen führten sie zu einem erhöhten Calciuminflux und -efflux, aus dem sich auf einen Anstieg myoplasmatischen Calciums als Ursache der Muskelkontraktur schließen ließ.
    Notizen: Summary Chlorpromazine, Prenylamine, Imipramine and Reserpine, being inhibitors of the active calcium-transport in isolated vesicles of the sarcoplasmic reticulum from striated muscle, also influence calcium fluxes and muscle function in intact isolated frog muscles. 1. Cnlorpromazine (5 × 10−5 M), Prenylamine (10−4 M) and Imipramine (10−3 M), but not Reserpine (10−4 M), produced, in the M. rectus and sartorius, long lasting, reversible contractures. Concentrations of the drugs, including reserpine, too low to cause a contracture, diminished the contractions caused by acetylcholine in the M. rectus preparation. 2. Chlorpromazine and prenylamine in concentrations, which inhibited the action of acetylcholine were also able to diminish the contraction of the muscle induced by electric stimulation. The inhibition of the muscle contraction by these drugs became more pronounced during the incubation. In contrast, reserpine potentiated the muscle contraction caused by electrical stimulation immediately after addition to the isolated muscle preparation. An inhibitory action of reserpine was observed after a prolonged incubation with the drug. 3. The relation between the action of chlorpromazine, prenylamine, imipramine and reserpine on the muscle function and their influence on calcium exchange through the membranes of the muscle cell and the vesicles of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is discussed: Both the influx and efflux of calcium through the cell membrane were inhibited by low concentrations of the drugs; however, with high concentrations, the active calcium pump of the sarcoplasmic vesicles was also inhibited leading to an increase in the calcium concentration in the myoplasm of the muscle. Under these conditions the passive exchange of calcium through the cell-membrane was enhanced thus overcoming the initial inhibition of calcium transport at this site.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Sulfaguanidine ; Chlorpromazine ; Methamphetamine ; Thiopental ; Blood-Brain-Barrier ; General Anaesthesia ; Respiration ; Sulfaguanidin ; Chlorpromazin ; Methamphetamin ; Thiopental ; Bluthirnschranke ; Narkose ; Atmung
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Aufnahme von Sulfaguanidin in verschiedene Hirnregionen wurde unter unterschiedlichen Bedingungen (Luft-, O2- und CO2-Mischbeatmung; Chlorpromazin, Methamphetamin) an thiopental-narkotisierten Katzen untersucht. 2. Unterschiedlich zu Wilson u. Brodie ergab sich eine „relative Konzentration“ von Sulfaguanidin von 0,5–0,6 (gegenüber 0,2) in Thalamus, Rhinencephalon und Cortex, von 0,25–0,35 (gegenüber 1,1–1,2) in Hypophyse und Area postrema. 3. Im Gegensatz zu unserer Methode der Verabreichung von Sulfaguanidin (als Emulsion intraperitoneal) infundierten Wilson u. Brodie Sulfaguanidin in großem Volumen stark sauer Lösung. Dieses scheint den Unterschied zu erklären. Die Annahme einer fehlenden Blut-Hirn-Schranke für Sulfaguanidin in manchen Gebieten kann aufgrund unserer Ergebnisse nicht vertreten werden. 4. Unter Sauerstoff beatmung war die Sulfaguanidinkonzentration im Blut und Gehirn niedriger als unter Luft- oder 5% CO2-Beatmung. Chlorpromazin und Methamphetamin waren ohne deutlichen Einfluß auf die Sulfaguanidinkonzentration. 5. Eine stark verminderte Aufnahme von Sulfaguanidin ins Gehirn zeigte sich nur in der Gruppe von Tieren, die mit O2 beatmet wurden und eine höhere Thiopentaldosis erhalten hatten.
    Notizen: Summary 1. The uptake of sulfaguanidine into several regions of the brain has been investigated under various conditions (breathing of air, O2- and CO2-mixtures; chlorpromazine; methamphetamine) in cats anesthetized with thiopental. 2. Contrary to the results of Wilson and Brodie, the “relative concentration” of sulfaguanidine was 0.5–0.6 (above authors 0.2) in thalamus, rhinencephalon and cortex, 0.25–0.35 (above authors 1.1–1.2) in hypophysis and area postrema. 3. In contrast to our method of administration (intraperitoneal injection as emulsion), Wilson and Brodie infused sulfaguanidine i.v. in a large volume of a strongly acidic solution. This fact seems to explain the difference. The assumption of the absence of a blood-brain-barrier for sulfaguanidine in some areas could not be substantiated by our results. 4. The sulfaguanidine concentration in the blood and in the brain was found to be lower during the administration of O2-respiration than when air or 5% CO2 was breathed. Chlorpromazine and methamphetamine had no definite influence on the concentration of sulfaguanidine. 5. A strongly decreased uptake of sulfaguanidine into the brain was shown only in the group of animals with O2-respiration combined with a higher dose of thiopental.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Chlorpromazine ; Radioautographie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effect of a quaternary phenothiazine compound, N-hydroxyethylpromethazine (Aprobit®, NHP), on the distribution of 35S-chlorpromazine (36S-CPZ) was studied in mice and cats using an autoradiographic technique. NHP did not change the sedative action of CPZ or ether but it caused a strong relaxation of the nictitating membrane, mydriasis and shivering in all cats. A pronounced accumulation of 35S-CPZ was recorded in the inferior cervical ganglion of the cat during the entire 16 h period of observation. In addition to the lung parenchyma a strong activity was concentrated in the bronchial mucosa and excretions. The uptake was very high in the brain, eye, liver, kidney, pancreas, oesophagic excretion, in the gastro-intestinal contents, salivary glands and especially in the sublingual gland. The NHP-pretreatment increased the radioactivity in the sympathetic ganglia, sublingual glands, lungs, liver and bone marrow. NHP delayed the penetration of 35S-CPZ into the brain. At 16 h after the i.v. injection a stronger retention of the radioactivity in the cerebral tissue was observed in the NHP-pretreated animals. In pregnant mice NHP decreased the accumulation of 35S-CPZ or its metabolites in the fetuses. The possible mechanism whereby NHP increases the retention of 35S-CPZ or its metabolites in the brain is discussed.
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 13 (1968), S. 426-432 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Chlorpromazine ; Schizophrenia ; Psycholinguistics ; Verbal Behaviour
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effects of chlorpromazine on the sentence structure of four schizophrenic patients is described. The measure chosen was the “subordination-index” (S.I.) which is a ratio of the number of subordinate propositions to the total number of propositions in a speech sample and is claimed to be an index of hierarchical dependence in sentences. The patients were studied; a) before treatment; b) after 48 hours on 50 mg chlorpromazine t.d.s.; c) after symptomatic recovery. After 48 hours on the drug there was a fall in S.I. for “abstract” speech and proverb interpretations but no change in descriptive speech and interviews. Following recovery the S.I. for “abstract” speech, proverb interpretations and interviews all rose above the pre-treatment level but that for descriptive speech remained unchanged. The significance of the results is discussed.
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 13 (1968), S. 14-21 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Chlorpromazine ; Adrenal Gland ; Radioautography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of 35S-labelled chlorpromazine (35S-CPZ) in the adrenal glands was studied in vivo in mice and cats and in vitro in perfused bovine adrenal glands. In addition the effect of a quaternary phenothiazine derivative, N-hydroxyethylpromethazine (NHP), on the distribution of 35S-CPZ both in vivo and in vitro and that of insulin, lidocain and plasma in vitro were examined. In vivo the degree of radioactivity was at first high in the cortex of adrenal glands. Later the distribution became more diffuse, and in cats still more radioactivity was concentrated in the medulla. There was no clear differences between the animals treated with 35S-CPZ alone and those pretreated with NHP. In vitro the radioactivity was higher in the medulla. NHP made the distribution more diffuse and delayed the outflow of 35S-CPZ from the adrenals. Also, insulin made the distribution more diffuse, and strong activity was recorded in the cortex. Plasma in place of salt solution as perfusion fluid caused more equal disposition of activity between the medulla and the cortex and lidocain added to the plasma made the distribution still more equal.
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 300 (1968), S. 185-188 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Viscosity ; Erythrocyte ; Chlorpromazine ; Bile ; Fatty Acids ; Viscosität ; Erythrocyten ; Chlorpromazin ; Galle ; Fettsäure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Galle und freie Fettsäuren können bikonkave Erythrocyten in die Kugelform überführen. Der Reibungswiderstand derart veränderter Zellen steigt steil an. Die durch Galle oder freie Fettsäuren ausgelöste Formveränderung bzw. Viscositätserhöhung kann durch Chlorpromazin (Megaphen®) verhindert bzw. rückgängig gemacht werden.
    Notizen: Summary Addition of bile or free fatty acids to blood will cause normal biconcave erythrocytes to become spherical. Flow resistance of blood with these spheres increased steeply. Chlorpromazine prevented this form transformation and restored viscosity to normal.
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 12 (1968), S. 428-432 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Ganglia, Basal ; Psychopharmacology ; Chlorpromazine ; Amphetamine ; Dopamine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In rats micro-injections in corpus striatum of quaternary chlorpromazine and related drugs give rise to highly characteristic neuroleptic effects: antagonism of amphetamine-induced stereotyped behaviour and development of catalepsy. There is no effect of injections in hippocampus or septum. Dopaminergic mechanisms in corpus striatum seem to play a central role in neuroleptic action.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Hyperkinesia ; Child ; Chlorpromazine ; Concept Learning ; Drug Therapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 36 hyperactive boys were assigned to CPZ or placebo treatment by means of a double-blind procedure, medication being administered on an outpatient basis. Their performance on two types of concept learning problems was evaluated after initial assessment and again while on medication. 18 Ss received CPZ in 25 mg tablets (mean dosage 106 mg/d) for an average of 74.8 days and 18 Ss received placebo tablets for an average of 66.6 days. Half of the Ss in each group were on continuous reinforcement and half on a 1∶1 partial reinforcement schedule. Analyses of on-drug learning scores revealed highly significant differences due to reinforcement schedule. Ss on CR learned the concepts much faster, showed significant positive transfer from problem to problem, and included a significantly higher proportion of solvers (Ss discovering the concept within 300 trials). Performance on the two types of concepts — objects and numbers — was not significantly different. The drug-placebo comparison of on-drug learning scores, with either the initial level of performance or length of time on medication as a covariate, showed no evidence of any systematic effect of CPZ on concept learning. The proportions of solvers and non-solvers in the CPZ and placebo subgroups were also equivalent. In the light of these and other results from the same Ss, it may be concluded that moderate doses of CPZ over relatively short periods can be successfully used to reduce hyperactivity in children, without apparently affecting learning ability and other psychological functions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 260 (1968), S. 444-455 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Chlorpromazin ; Calcium ; Zellmembran ; Muskelproteine ; Chlorpromazine ; Calcium ; Cell Membrane ; Muscle Proteins
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary 1. The calcium induced increase in ATPase and the rate of calcium uptake of the vesicular fragments of sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle are reduced by reserpine, prenylamine, chlorpromazine and imipramine. 3×10−5M reserpine, prenylamine, chlorpromazine and ∼3×10−4M imipramine are required to produce 50% inhibition of both activities. 2. In the presence of the drugs the rate of calcium exchange at the cessation of calcium uptake is reduced to the same extent as the initial rate of calcium uptake. 3. Neither the calcium storing capacity nor the ability to concentrate calcium are impaired by the drugs. 4. The drugs do not affect the calcium dependent phosphate exchange between ATP and ADP and the calcium dependent formation of phosphoprotein.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung 1. Reserpin, Prenylamin, Chlorpromazin und Imipramin hemmen sowohl die Geschwindigkeit der Calcium-Aufnahme als auch die der Calcium-induzierten Extra-ATP-Spaltung an isolierten Vesikelmembranen des sarkoplasmatischen Reticulums von quergestreifter Muskulatur des Kaninchens. Die für eine 50%ige Hemmung erforderlichen Konzentrationen betragen beim Reserpin, Prenylamin und Chlorpromazin 3×10−5M, beim Impiramin ∼3×10−4M. 2. Calcium-Efflux und -Influx werden durch die Pharmaka in gleichem Ausmaß gehemmt. 3. Das Konzentrationsvermögen der Vesikel für Calcium wird deshalb durch die Hemmstoffe nicht beeinflußt. 4. Der erste Reaktionsschritt des aktiven Calciumtransports der Vesikel — die Übertragung des Phosphates des ATP auf das Vesikelprotein — wird durch die Pharmaka nicht beeinflußt.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Chlorpromazin ; Calcium ; Zellmembran ; Muskelproteine ; Lipide ; Chlorpromazine ; Calcium ; Cell Membrane ; Muscle Protein ; Lipids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary 1. Reserpine, chlorpromazine, prenylamine and imipramine are bound to vesicles isolated from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of rabbit striated muscle cells as well as by the lipids which can be extracted from the vesicular preparations. 2. At concentrations of 5×10−7 M reserpine, chlorpromazine and prenylamine, drug binding can just be detected. At drug concentrations of 10−4 M the drug uptake amounts to 0.1 μmol per mg vesicular protein, 0.2 μmol drug per mg vesicular lipid and ∼0.4 μmol drug per mg phosphatidylcholine. 3. Drug binding is reversible and temperature independent. 4. Drug binding is not diminished when the phospholipids are hydrolysed by phospholipase A, C or D. 5. Drug binding is abolished by hydrogenation of the isolated lipids as well as of the lipids bound to the membranes. 6. In addition calcium uptake the Ca++ induced increase in ATP breakdown and the phosphate transfer reaction are inhibited when the lipids in the membranes are hydrogenated. 7. The normal ATPase as well as the lipid free proteins myokinase and actin are not affected by hydrogenation.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung 1. Reserpin, Chlorpromazin, Prenylamin und Imipramin werden sowohl von den isolierten Vesikeln des sarkoplasmatischen Reticulums (quergestreifte Muskulatur von Kaninchen) als auch von den aus diesen mit Chloro-form-Methanol (2:1) extrahierten Lipiden gebunden. 2. Bei einer Konzentration von 10−4 M werden Reserpin, Chlorpromazin und Prenylamin von dem intakten Lipoproteinkomplex der Vesikelmembran in Mengen von 0,1 μmol/mg Vesikelprotein, von 0,2 μmol/mg vesikulärem Total-Lipid und von ∼0,4 μmol/mg Phosphatidylcholin (Lecithin) gebunden. Lipidfreies Vesikelprotein hat keine Bindungsfähigkeit. 3. Die Bindung der Pharmaka ist reversibel und temperaturunabhängig. 4. Die Bindungsfähigkeit der Phospholipide ist nicht beeinträchtigt, wenn diese durch Phospholipase A, C oder D hydrolysiert werden. Sie wird jedoch aufgehoben durch Hydrierung der isolierten bzw. der membrangebundenen Lipide. Nach Hydrierung ist auch die Calcium-Aufnahme, die ATP-Extraspaltung und die Phosphatübertragung aufgehoben. 5. Die lipidfreien Proteine Myokinase und Actin werden durch den Hydrierungsvorgang funktionell nicht beeinflußt.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 146 (1968), S. 125-138 
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Schlagwort(e): Thermoregulation ; Fever ; Chlorpromazine ; Thermoregulation ; Fieber ; Chlorpromazin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung In 160 Versuchen am Kaninchen wurde die Wirkung von Chlorpromazin, das besonders in den für die Wärmeregulation wichtigen zentralen Gebieten des Hypothalamus und der Formatio reticularis angereichert wird, auf die normale Körpertemperatur und die Fieberreaktion nach Gabe von Lipopolysacchariden gramnegativer Bakterien untersucht. Gemessen wurden die Rectal- und Ohrtemperatur, die Atem- und Herzfrequenz. Es ergab sich: 1. die Rectaltemperatur des unbeeinflußten Kaninchens wird bei einer Umgebungstemperatur von 22° C in Abhängigkeit von der Dosis gesenkt, 2. das Lipopolysaccharid-Fieber läßt sich durch Vorgabe von mehr als 1 mg/kg Chlorpromazin abschwächen oder unterdrücken, 3. die Reaktion in Empfängertieren durch Plasmaübertragung von fiebernden Spendertieren kann drei verschiedene Verlaufsformen ergeben: eingipflige, zweigipflige und afebrile. Eine Beziehung zur Größe des Spendertierfiebers bestand dabei nicht. Die Ergebnisse werden hauptsächlich durch die zentralen Angriffspunkte des Chlorpromazins erklärt.
    Notizen: Summary Chlorpromazine concentrates particularly in that central regions of the CNS important for the thermoregulation, in the hypothalamus and the formatio reticularis. Therefore in 160 experiments on rabbits the effect of chlorpromazine was tested at the normal body temperature and the fever reaction after medication of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from gramnegative bacteria. Measured were the rectal- and ear-temperature, the heart- and respiration-frequency. It resulted that: 1. the rectal temperature of untreated rabbits at environmental temperature of 22°C ± 2°C is lowered, dependant on the dose, 2. the LPS-fever is diminished or suppressed after premedication of 〉 1 mg/kg chlorpromazine, 3. the reaction in the recipient animal may proceed in three different types of fever: mono- and biphasic curves and an afebrile one. A relation to the height of fever of the donor animal was not existant. Analogue to other experiments with central acting pharmaca and local cerebral temperature-stimulations in the area of the anterior hypothalamus as well as considering the distribution of chlorpromazine in the CNS these results are explained by specific effects of chlorpromazine in the hypothalamus and the formatio reticularis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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