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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Sulfonylurea ; Insulin therapy ; Diabetes mellitus ; Insulin receptor ; Monocytes ; Erythrocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recently in vitro evidence has been presented that sulfonylurea derivatives exert their chronic extrapancreatic effect by increasing the number of cellular insulin receptors. To ascertain if this receptor effect holds in vivo, we performed a randomized double-blind study on 21 type I (0.3 ng/ml residual C-peptide secretory capacity after glucose/glibenclamide stimulation), and on 19 insulin treated type II (2.0 ng/ml C-peptide) diabetics. The patients received for six weeks 10 mg/d of glibenclamide in addition to insulin. Insulin binding was initially lower in type II (4.7±0.75% per 107 monocytes and 6.39±1.08% per 4.5×109 erythrocytes) than in type I diabetic patients (5.1±0.48% and 7.95±0.88% respectively) and in 12 normal subjects (5.25±0.48 and 8.1±0.94% respectively). Glibenclamide normalized the number of monocyte receptors (from 4.14 to 5.49×104 sites/cell) in type II patients, but was without effect in type I diabetics. Blood glucose was significantly reduced (240 to 182 mg/dl;p=0.02) in the type II group with a concomitant decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin from 12.4 to 10.5% (p=0.01). Most of the effect occured during the first week of treatment. Glibenclamide was the more effective the worse the initial metabolic state (r=−0.93;p=0.001). Erythrocyte insulin receptors decreased markedly in both groups, perhaps due to a sulfonyl urea-induced change in erythrocyte plasma survival time. It is concluded that sulfonylurea treatment is a valuable adjunct in reducing the insulin resistance in insulin treated type II diabetics. The effect depends on the availability of endogenous insulin, thus exhibiting only partly extrapancreatic character. The receptor effect in the type II patients may be secondary to the metabolic improvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Essential hypertension ; Erythrocytes ; Rubidium influx ; Na — K-cotransport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 86Rubidium influx and Na — K-cotransport have been investigated in erythrocytes of mild essential hypertensives and normotensives devoid of familial hypertension. For measurement of cotransport Na-loaded/K-depleted erythrocytes were used while rubidium influx (with and without ouabain) was determined under physiological conditions. Both transport systems were linear in time, the interassay variances in a range of about 10%. The patients with essential hypertension exhibited a decreased rubidium influx compared to the normotensive controls. Ouabain-sensitive fluxes were not significantly different between the two groups, whereas ouabain-resistent rubidium influx was diminished in the group of the patients. Na — K-cotransport was also found to be decreased in essential hypertension. There was no correlation between cotransport and Rb-influx. The results indicate changes in cation fluxes in erythrocytes of essential hypertensives, the Na — K-cotransport being rather more altered than rubidium influx. It is speculated that hypertensive persons with reduced rubidium flux rates may represent a subpopulation of essential hypertension and that their high blood pressure may be additionally influenced by exogeneous factors e.g. enhanced sodium uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 141-144 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Makrokreatinkinase MM ; Kreatinkinase MB ; Macrocreatine kinase MM ; Creatine kinase MB
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The case of a patient with bronchial neoplasm is described. A non-typical form of creatine kinase found in the plasma gave rise to a false positive CK-MB test by the immunoinhibition procedure. Electrophoresis on agarose gels beside a normal MM band showed an additional band between the MB and the MM band of a standard mixture. It could be shown by an immunoprecipitation test using precipitating antibodies against CK-MM and CK-BB that the creatine kinase of the abnormal band consists entirely of the MM-type, which after treatment with polyethylene glycol not only became susceptible to inhibiting anti-M antibodies, but also showed the electrophoretic motility of CK-MM. Gel filtration chromatography clearly demonstrated the macromolecular nature of this abnormal creatine kinase.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird :uber einen Patienten mit einem kleinzelligen Bronchialcarcinom berichtet, in dessen Plasma eine atypische Kreatinkinase gefunden wurde, die einen falsch positiven CK-MB Nachweis mit der Immuninhibitionsmethode erbrachte. Die elektrophoretische Auftrennung auf Agarose Gel zeigte neben einer normalen MM-Bande eine weitere, atypische Bande, die zwischen der MM- und der MB-Bande des Standards lag. Ein Test mit präzipitierenden Antikörpern gegen CK-MM und CK-BB ergab, daß die atypische Bande ausschließlich aus CK-MM bestand, die nach Behandlung mit Polyäthylenglykol 6000 nicht nur durch inhibierende Anti-M Antikörper hemmbar wird, sondern auch in ihrer elektrophoretischen Beweglichkeit einer CK-MM entspricht. Die Ausschlußchromatographie mit Sephadex G 200 läßt die makromolekulare Struktur dieser abnormalen Kreatinkinase erkennen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Muskeldystrophie vom Duchenne-Typ ; Membrandefekt ; Capping ; Konduktorinnen ; Duchenne muscular dystrophy ; Membrane defect ; Capping ; Carrier detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Recent results showed that Duchenne muscular dystrophy is probably associated with a generalized membrane defect. The capping phenomenon in lymphocytes indicates normal intramembrane protein mobility and disturbances of this phenomenon are is believed to reflect membrane alterations. We have investigated capping in lymphocytes from 19 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 13 carriers, 8 patients' sisters, 14 patients' aunts and 52 normal controls. All 19 patients showed a reduction in capping both with fluorescein conjugated polyvalent goat antiserum (mean±SD=18.5±5.2%) and with fluorescein labeled Concanavalin A (mean±SD=10.8±3.2%) as compared to controls. Normal persons (n=52) have a mean of 50.2±9.9% (SD) capping with polyvalent anti-immunoglobulin (range: 32–72.5%) and 25.6±3.6% with F-Con A (range: 18.5–31.5%). 12 of the 13 mothers, as well as 5 of the 8 patients' sisters, also exhibited decreased lymphocyte capping to the same extent as the patients. Creatine kinase activity (CK) was elevated only in 4 mothers and 2 of the sisters. Our results indicate that this method might be of value in detecting carriers and can yield less false negative results as the CK-activity test.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es liegen Hinweise dafür vor, daß der progressiven Muskeldystrophie vom Duchenne-Typ (DMD) ein generalisierter Membrandefekt zugrunde liegt. Eine Möglichkeit zum Nachweis einer gestörten Membranfunktion stellt die Untersuchung des Capping-Phänomens von Lymphozyten dar. Es handelt sich dabei um eine fluoreszenzmikroskopisch erfaßbare Umverteilung der Oberflächen-Rezeptoren nach Antigenkontakt. Wir haben das Capping-Phänomen bei 19 Patienten und Angehörigen von 13 Familien mit DMD untersucht und dabei folgende Ergebnisse gewonnen: Lymphozyten von Kontrollpersonen zeigten mit Fluorescein markiertem Antiserum gegen Immunglobuline mit 50,2±9,9% (Mittelwert±SD) ein positives Capping-Phänomen und mit Fluorescein markiertem Concanavalin A (F-Con A) 25,6±3,6% (Mittelwert±SD). Demgegenüber war bei Patienten mit DMD, bei denen stark erhöhte Kreatin-Phosphokinase Werte (CK) gefunden wurden, das Capping-Phänomen mit Antiserum auf durchschnittlich 18,5±5,2% (Mittelwert±SD) vermindert und mit F-Con A auf 10,8±3,2% (Mittelwert±SD). Bei 12 der 13 Mütter, sowie bei 5 der 8 Schwestern der Patienten wurde ein vermindertes Capping in demselben Ausmaß wie bei den Patienten nachgewiesen. CK-Aktivität war jedoch nur bei 4 Mütter und 2 Schwestern pathologisch erhöht. Unser Ergebnis unterstützt die Hypothese, daß die Muskeldystrophie vom Duchenne-Typ mit einem generalisierten Membrandefekt einhergeht. Dieser Defekt läßt sich mittels Capping außerdem auch bei sonst “stummen” Konduktorinnen nachweisen. Diese Methode könnte sich bei der genetischen Beratung als wertvoll erweisen, da sie nach den bisherigen Ergebnissen weniger falsch negative Resultate liefert, als die alleinige Bestimmung der CK-Aktivität im Serum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 518-522 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Angiotensin-converting enzyme ; ACE ; Toxic nodular goiter ; Graves' disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was measured in plasma of patients with Graves' disease and with toxic nodular goiter, as well as in their treated counterparts and in normal controls. A significant elevation of ACE levels and a positive correlation between ACE, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine levels was found in both groups of thyrotoxicosis. Parallel fluctuations of triiodothyronine and ACE levels, albeit with a certain lag of the latter, was observed in patients in whom multiple measurements were taken. ACE levels, which were also determined in hypothyroid patients and in patients with euthyroid goiter on suppression therapy, were in the same range as normal controls and as in treated thyrotoxic patients. We conclude that the pathogenesis of thyrotoxicosis does not play a role in ACE elevation but that increased thyroid hormone seems to induce elevation of ACE. ACE elevation in thyrotoxicosis may constitute an integral part of the reninangiotensin axis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Duchenne muscular dystrophy ; Membrane defect ; Capping ; Carrier detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There has been considerable interest in capping of lymphocytes in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, the results from different authors are controversial. We have investigated cap formation in thirteen families with DMD, using a method standardized in our laboratory, and could establish diminished capping in all 12 patients and in 12 of the 13 mothers. By examining cap formation simultaneously with whole polyvalent antiserum, with F(ab)2 fragment of polyvalent antiserum, and with monospecific antisera we could also confirm this observation of defective capping in 7 patients and 4 carriers, as compared to 9 control subjects likewise examined. We have indications that treatment of the lymphocytes under unfavourable conditions e.g. preincubation in buffer solution might accentuate the decrease of lymphocyte capping in patients and carriers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 155 (1986), S. 89-94 
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Keywords: Automated laser nephelometer ; IgG gammopathies ; Immunoglobulins ; Lipemic sera ; RID
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 73 (1976), S. 93-96 
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 84 (1978), S. 149-152 
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 34 (1973), S. 163-164 
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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