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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 43-45 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Glucocorticoid-Rezeptoren ; Leukämien ; Sensitivität ; Glucocorticoid receptors ; Leukemias ; Sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Determination of steroid receptors has been used to predict steroid sensitivity in various neoplasias. In an attempt to investigate its applicability in human leukemias we have studied glucocorticoid receptors in the leukemic cells from 23 patients with various hematologic neoplasias and in the lymphocytes from 18 normal donors. Specific glucocorticoid binding in intact cells was determined by a whole cell competitive binding assay. Normal lymphocytes have about 4,611 specific binding sites per cell. The blasts from 9 patients with acute myelogenous leukemias (AML) have strongly varying high levels of specific binding sites, ranging from 4,817 to 15,416 per cell. Of the 13 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 5 have received glucocorticoid treatment for years and were clinically resistant to glucocorticoid. Their lymphocytes have lower specific binding sites (range: 2,047 to 3,999) than the other CLL cases which were newly diagnosed (range: 3,734 to 11,020). Our results suggest that determination of glucocorticoid receptors might be of value in predicting clinical responsiveness in leukemias.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einigen steroid-sensitiven Neoplasien ist die Bestimmung von Steroid-Rezeptoren für die Voraussage einer Ansprechbarkeit auf die Hormontherapie von Bedeutung. Um die Anwendung dieser Methode auch bei Leukämien nachzuprüfen, haben wir die Glucocorticoid-Rezeptoren in Leukämiezellen von 23 Patienten und in Lymphozyten von 18 Kontrollpersonen untersucht. Die Bestimmung erfolgte nach einer Methode nach Baxter und Tomkins. Normallymphozyten haben circa 4611 spezifische Bindungsstellen pro Zelle. Der Anzahl der Steroid-Rezeptoren in den Blasten von 9 Patienten mit AML schwankten stark (Bereich: 4817–15416 Stellen/Zelle). Fünf von 13 Patienten mit CLL wurden seit Jahren mit Glucocorticoid behandelt und sprachen zur Zeit der Rezeptoren-Bestimmung auf die Therapie nicht mehr an. Die Anzahl der Bindungsstellen der Lymphozyten dieser Patienten war im Mittel niedriger (Bereich: 2047–3999), als bei den Patienten, die neu diagnostiziert worden waren (Bereich: 3734–11020). Unsere Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, daß die Bestimmung von Steroid-Rezeptoren für die Planung einer Therapie mit Glucocorticoiden von Bedeutung sein könnte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Deoxycoformycin ; Hairy cell leukemia ; Refractory treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three patients with advanced hairy cell leukemia received low-dose deoxycoformycin treatment after failure to respond to therapy with interferon alpha. Patients 1 and 2 had progressive disease after splenectomy and subsequent treatment with recombinant interferon alpha (for 7 and 3 months, respectively). DCF was administered at 4 mg/m2 weekly for 3 weeks, and then once every week for 6 weeks. Patient 1 was in complete remission after 9 weeks of treatment and patient 2 in partial remission with normalization of peripheral blood counts. The third patient, also splenectomized, developed hepatotoxicity after therapy trial with interferon for 24 days and no objective improvement was observed at this stage. She subsequently responded to DCF treatment with improvements in blood counts and bone marrow. This report demonstrates that DCF is highly effective in hairy cell leukemia and non-cross-resistant with interferon alpha.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 247-252 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Glucocorticoid receptors ; Glucocorticoid resistance ; Lymphocytolysis ; Lymphoid neoplasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A generalized view on the mechanism of steroid hormone action is presented with special emphasis on glucocorticoids and their lymphocytolytic effects. The present knowledge on the structure and function of glucocorticoid receptors is reviewed. Following hormone binding, the receptor complex is activated to a form which is able to interact with chromatin or DNA. Several types of receptor mutants have been obtained in an animal cell culture system which allows selection of cell variants. The biochemical analysis of these mutants helped to establish a domain model of receptor structure. The quantitative effect of receptor numbers and hormone activity on lymphocytolysis is described in a cell culture model system and the results are discussed in view of the rational treatment of lymphoid neoplasia with glucocorticoids. The clinical experience with glucocorticoids alone and in combination therapy with cytostatic drugs is summarized. Our special emphasis is on acute lymphoblastic leukemia and malignant lymphoma as patients with these diseases can now be treated with remarkable success rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 451-455 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Immunocytochemical method ; Peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique ; TdT ; Immunzytochemische Methode ; Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase Technik ; TdT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Enzym „terminale Desoxynucleotidyltransferase“ (TdT) stellt einen wichtigen Marker für die Klassifizierung der Leukämien dar. Ursprünglich wurde dieses Enzym durch einen biochemischen Assay bestimmt. Durch die Entwicklung eines spezifischen Anti-TdT Antikörpers kann das Enzym durch Immunfluoreszenz-Technik nachgewiesen werden. Wir haben diese Methode weiter entwikkelt und die Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase (PAP)-Technik angewandt und optimiert. Bei Patienten mit akuten Leukämien ergab unser Vergleich der Ergebnisse der Bestimmung mit 3 Methoden (biochemisch, immunfluoreszenzoptisch und immunzytochemisch) eine ausgezeichnete Korrelation. Die PAP-Technik bietet außerdem weitere Vorteile: Die Untersuchung auf TdT kann auf Blut- oder Knochenmarkausstrichen mit dem Lichtmikroskop erfolgen. Die Präparate können für Dokumentationszwecke aufbewahrt werden. Gegenfärbungen sind auf demselben Präparat möglich. Mithin eignet sich die PAP-Methode zum TdT-Nachweis für die Routine-Diagnostik der Leukämien.
    Notes: Summary Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) has become an important marker for the classification of acute leukemias. Originally detected by a biochemical assay, the presence of this enzyme in leukemia can now be detected by making use of a highly specific antibody and by applying the immunofluorescence method. In this study, an attempt was made to apply the unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique for the examination of TdT positive cells. We have optimized this method and have compared the different assays — biochemical, immunofluorescence, and immunocytochemical (PAP) — in ten patients with acute leukemia. The results obtained from all three methods are in accordance with one another, but the PAP method is a further simplification for the detection of TdT in the routine diagnostic of acute leukemias.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Muskeldystrophie vom Duchenne-Typ ; Membrandefekt ; Capping ; Konduktorinnen ; Duchenne muscular dystrophy ; Membrane defect ; Capping ; Carrier detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Recent results showed that Duchenne muscular dystrophy is probably associated with a generalized membrane defect. The capping phenomenon in lymphocytes indicates normal intramembrane protein mobility and disturbances of this phenomenon are is believed to reflect membrane alterations. We have investigated capping in lymphocytes from 19 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 13 carriers, 8 patients' sisters, 14 patients' aunts and 52 normal controls. All 19 patients showed a reduction in capping both with fluorescein conjugated polyvalent goat antiserum (mean±SD=18.5±5.2%) and with fluorescein labeled Concanavalin A (mean±SD=10.8±3.2%) as compared to controls. Normal persons (n=52) have a mean of 50.2±9.9% (SD) capping with polyvalent anti-immunoglobulin (range: 32–72.5%) and 25.6±3.6% with F-Con A (range: 18.5–31.5%). 12 of the 13 mothers, as well as 5 of the 8 patients' sisters, also exhibited decreased lymphocyte capping to the same extent as the patients. Creatine kinase activity (CK) was elevated only in 4 mothers and 2 of the sisters. Our results indicate that this method might be of value in detecting carriers and can yield less false negative results as the CK-activity test.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es liegen Hinweise dafür vor, daß der progressiven Muskeldystrophie vom Duchenne-Typ (DMD) ein generalisierter Membrandefekt zugrunde liegt. Eine Möglichkeit zum Nachweis einer gestörten Membranfunktion stellt die Untersuchung des Capping-Phänomens von Lymphozyten dar. Es handelt sich dabei um eine fluoreszenzmikroskopisch erfaßbare Umverteilung der Oberflächen-Rezeptoren nach Antigenkontakt. Wir haben das Capping-Phänomen bei 19 Patienten und Angehörigen von 13 Familien mit DMD untersucht und dabei folgende Ergebnisse gewonnen: Lymphozyten von Kontrollpersonen zeigten mit Fluorescein markiertem Antiserum gegen Immunglobuline mit 50,2±9,9% (Mittelwert±SD) ein positives Capping-Phänomen und mit Fluorescein markiertem Concanavalin A (F-Con A) 25,6±3,6% (Mittelwert±SD). Demgegenüber war bei Patienten mit DMD, bei denen stark erhöhte Kreatin-Phosphokinase Werte (CK) gefunden wurden, das Capping-Phänomen mit Antiserum auf durchschnittlich 18,5±5,2% (Mittelwert±SD) vermindert und mit F-Con A auf 10,8±3,2% (Mittelwert±SD). Bei 12 der 13 Mütter, sowie bei 5 der 8 Schwestern der Patienten wurde ein vermindertes Capping in demselben Ausmaß wie bei den Patienten nachgewiesen. CK-Aktivität war jedoch nur bei 4 Mütter und 2 Schwestern pathologisch erhöht. Unser Ergebnis unterstützt die Hypothese, daß die Muskeldystrophie vom Duchenne-Typ mit einem generalisierten Membrandefekt einhergeht. Dieser Defekt läßt sich mittels Capping außerdem auch bei sonst “stummen” Konduktorinnen nachweisen. Diese Methode könnte sich bei der genetischen Beratung als wertvoll erweisen, da sie nach den bisherigen Ergebnissen weniger falsch negative Resultate liefert, als die alleinige Bestimmung der CK-Aktivität im Serum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 467-474 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Purine enzymes ; Lymphoma ; Leukemia, Diagnosis ; Treatment ; Deoxycoformycin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A few enzymes of the purine degradative pathway have proved valuable in diagnosis and treatment of lymphomas and lymphocytic leukemia. Of particular interest are the enzymes adenosine deaminase (ADA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and ecto-5′-nucleotidase (5NT). Intact activities of ADA and PNP have been shown to be vital for lymphoid cells. During development, lymphoid precursors go through remarkable changes in the concentrations of these enzymes and the neoplasma derived from them show a “frozen” biochemical profile similar to the corresponding normal cell of origin. Knowledge of the role of these enzymes has led to the pharmacological use of enzyme inhibitors for the specific treatment of lymphoid neoplasms. This review concerns the enzymatic make-up of normal and neoplastic lymphocytes and exploitation of this knowledge for the treatment of lymphomas. Special emphasis will be put on the clinical use of an ADA-inhibitor, deoxycoformycin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Duchenne muscular dystrophy ; Membrane defect ; Capping ; Carrier detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There has been considerable interest in capping of lymphocytes in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, the results from different authors are controversial. We have investigated cap formation in thirteen families with DMD, using a method standardized in our laboratory, and could establish diminished capping in all 12 patients and in 12 of the 13 mothers. By examining cap formation simultaneously with whole polyvalent antiserum, with F(ab)2 fragment of polyvalent antiserum, and with monospecific antisera we could also confirm this observation of defective capping in 7 patients and 4 carriers, as compared to 9 control subjects likewise examined. We have indications that treatment of the lymphocytes under unfavourable conditions e.g. preincubation in buffer solution might accentuate the decrease of lymphocyte capping in patients and carriers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 21 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cord blood lymphocytes (CBL) have been shown to be functionally immature compared with normal circulating adult lymphocytes (NAL). Differentiation of T cells is associated with changes in surface antigenic markers and in the pattern of purine degradative enzymes. Previous studies have demonstrated that thymosin fraction 5 (TMS-F5) and thymosin alphal (TMS-α1 can induce in vitro differentiation of murine T-cell precursors and human thymocytes. We have investigated the effects of TMS-F5 and TMS-a, on the pattern of the purine degradative enzymes adenosine deaminase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, and ecto-5′-nucleotidase (5′NT) of CBL and on the phenotypic markers from the OKT series 3,4,8 and 11. Other than a significantly reduced level of 5′NT activity (P〈0.001) and an elevated percentage of OKT4+cells (P〈0.01), CBL demonstrated the same immunological and biochemical patterns as NAL. Incubation of CBL with TMS-F5 (150 jug/ml) and TMS-α1 (1 μ/ml) for 40 h caused a significant rise in 5′NT level and decrease of cells positive for OKT4, resulting in a pattern characteristic of NAL. Thus TMS-F5 might induce the terminal differentiation of CBL, and TMS-α1 seemed to be the active component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Histological examination of bone marrow ; Staging non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ; Analysis of gene rearrangements ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The histological examination of bone marrow specimens is one of the standard procedures in staging non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. To investigate the validity of a conventional unilateral iliac crest biopsy, we performed a prospective study comparing histological findings with analysis of gene rearrangements in bone marrow samples and magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow. Twenty-seven consecutive patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (ten with high grade, seventeen with low grade) were studied. In twelve patients, histological examination revealed bone marrow infiltration. Results of histology and magnetic resonance imaging were discordant in three of the twenty-seven patients. With magnetic resonance imaging, suspected infiltration was found in two patients without histological evidence for bone marrow involvement in the disease. In one patient, an infiltration was described by histology but MRI revealed no pathological findings. In this case, DNA analysis confirmed bone marrow infiltration by detection of a clonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. Analysis of gene rearrangements was performed in ten patients. As examined by histology, five of them had bone marrow involvement in the disease and five had not. In all these cases, analysis of gene rearrangements confirmed the histological findings. Our data show that, despite the small volume of bone marrow specimens, the sensitivity of an iliac lymphoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 108 (1984), S. 164-168 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Steroidal alkylating agents ; receptor agents ; Steroids ; Nitrosoureas ; CNC-l-alanine esters ; Experimental chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary First investigations on the therapeutic activity of a new group of steroid-linked N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamoyl-l-alanine esters (CNC-l-alanine esters) in a nitrosourea-sensitive rat leukemia (L 5222) characterized by a relatively high content of glucocorticoid binding sites are presented. Despite a considerable range of optimal and toxic doses of the different analogs, the respective therapeutic ratios do not appear to be significantly influenced by the nature of the carrier molecules to which CNC-l-alanine is attached. However several steroid-linked representatives are distinctly more active than CNC-l-alanine. The androsterone-3-ester and the dihydrotestosterone-17-ester, in particular effected high percentages of cures in contrast to CNC-l-alanine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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