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  • 1995-1999  (3.842)
  • 1995  (3.842)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (2.263)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (1.661)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (1.554)
  • Genetics  (327)
  • Nuclear reactions
Datenquelle
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1995-1999  (3.842)
Jahr
Schlagwörter
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of B-cell lines from SLE patients and their relatives (1995)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 15 (1995), S. 89-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Schlagwort(e): SLE Lupus ; BBV transformation ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Epstein-Barr-virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid B-cell lines were generated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 55 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 44 healthy relatives. All donors have previously been extensively characterized with regard to clinical, serologic, and genetic parameters. Here, peripheral blood lymphocytes and lines were characterized for cell surface antigens. Furthermore, autoantibody production and proliferation rate of the cell lines were monitored. A significant difference between patients and relatives was the lower proliferation rate of EBV-transformed cell lines of the SLE patients. All SLE cell lines are available for interested researches and can be obtained from the European Cell Bank, Salisbury, UK.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302123
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic mapping of adrenergic receptor genes in humans (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 73 (1995), S. 299-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenergic receptors ; Human genetics ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Chromosome mapping ; Linkage ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We have genetically mapped the genes encoding four human adrenergic receptors (ARs) of subtypes α1C, α2A, α2B, and β1, which are prototypic G protein coupled receptors that mediate the physiological effects of neurotransmitters, hormones, and drugs. We placed these genes onto the Cooperative Human Linkage Center (CHLC) and Genethon framework maps, within confidence intervals with greater than 1000∶1 odds. With multipoint analysis the α1C gene (locus ADRA1C) mapped to the interval between NEFL and D8S283; α2-C4, the gene encoding the α2C AR (locus ADRA2C), mapped to the interval between D4S126 and D4S62; and the α2-C10 (α2A AR)/β1 haplotype (loci ADRA2A/ ADRB1) mapped to the interval between D10S259 and D10S187. A fifth AR gene, β2, yielded significant LOD scores with markers on the long arm of chromosome 5; however, this locus (ADRB2) could not be mapped to any specific interval with odds of greater than 1000∶1. The two AR genes that are completely linked, α2-C10 and β1, were oriented on their shared 225-kb genomic fragment relative to the direction of transcription, with β1 being 5′ to α2-C10. The positioning of these genes on high-density framework maps allows them to be tested as candidates in a spectrum of diseases that might involve AR dysfunction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231616
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene associated with macroangiopathy and blood pressure in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 73 (1995), S. 307-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Atherosclerosis ; Hypertension ; Type 2 diabetes ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In the search for new risk factors for diabetic macroangiopathy the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene was studied in 237 consecutive patients (125 men and 112 women) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The female population showed an excess of ischemic electro-cardiographic changes or definite myocardial infarctions in the patients homozygous for the deletion [D/D; odds ratio (OR) 2.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–5.3] and in the insertion/deletion heterozygotes (I/D; OR 1.8; CI 1.1–3.1) compared with the patients homozygous for the insertion (I/I). In the total series coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and claudication were more often observed in the patients with I/D (OR 1.5; CI 1.0–2.2) or the D/D genotype patients (OR 1.7; CI 1.1–2.6) than in those with the genotype I/I. The systolic blood pressure was lower in patients with genotype I/I (138±19 mmHg) than in those with the genotype I/D (149±22 mmHg) or D/D (150±21 mmHg; P〈0.02). The prevalence of hypertension and the median urinary albumin excretion rate also tended to be lowest in the I/I genotype patients. Multiple logistic analysis revealed that in women the angiotensin-converting enzyme D/D genotype is independently associated with coronary heart disease. Our findings suggest that variation at the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene locus is one of the factors involved in the predisposition of diabetic patients to the development of arterial disease and hypertension.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231617
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mixed desmoplastic primitive neuroepithelial tumor of infancy: a light microscopic, immunocytochemical, ultrastructural and genetic study (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Primitive neuroepithelial tumor ; Desmoplastic small cell tumor ; Brain tumor of infancy Immunocytochemistry ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We describe a case of a desmoplastic brain tumor which was initially resected from the right fronto-temporal region in a 2 year-old boy. This nodular, calcified tumor was vascularized by the internal carotid artery and the middle meningeal artery branches. Grossly, it contained several mucoid cysts. Light microscopy showed cords or nests of small cuboidal cells surrounded by a loose connective tissue and desmoplasic areas containing fibers and spindle cells. The cuboidal cells expressed epithelial, neuronal and neuroendocrine markers. Some foci of spindle cells showed glial differentiation. The tumor recurred 16 months later and displayed some characteristics of the small cell neuroepithelial component, mitoses being conspicuous. Electron microscopy revealed undifferentiated clear cells, some containing neurosecretory granules. Karyotyping demonstrated the following formula: 〈 15 〉 46, t(8;11) (a13; q11). The chromosome 11 breakpoint was different from that described in Ewing's sarcoma. This isolated translocation has not been previously reported to our knowledge. These unusual features lead us to report this case and to discuss its pathogenesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294266
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex segregation ratio and gender expression in the genus Actinidia (1995)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 8 (1995), S. 129-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Schlagwort(e): Sex control ; Disomic segregation ; Dioecy Kiwifruit ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The sex segregation ratio was checked in bi-parental families of Actinidia deliciosa (2n=6x=174) obtained by crossing four females (A12, Mo3, Br4, Hw1) with two males (T2, M1) and one fruiting male (M3h, subandroecious) according to a factorial mating design. The M3h fruiting male was also selfed. The sex ratio was checked in maternal families of A. kolomikta (2n=2x) and A. chinensis (2n=2x) as well as in A. deliciosa. Seedlings of both diploid species took 3–4 years to progress beyond juvenility, whereas a noticeable number of seedlings from biparental crosses of A. deliciosa involving A12 and Hw1 as seed parents were still non-flowering after seven growing seasons. Open-pollinated families of both diploid and hexaploid species as well as most families from biparental crosses showed a sex segregation ratio approaching 1∶1. Subandroecious lines with different degrees of ovary and pistil development appeared in proportions of 0–4.2%, depending on the cross, but only 6 of the 2567 male vines checked were capable of setting fruit. No case of self-fertility or apomixis was detected among 1866 bagged female vines. Selfed M3h progenies gave only female and male phenotypes in a ratio of 1 female to 3 males. No off-type vines were found among these progenies. The same disomic sex segregation ratio seems to be operating at different ploidy levels in the genus Actinidia. Since selfed fruiting males produced both female and male individuals, the male sex appears to be the heterogametic one. Such evidence indicates that a monofactorial system based on one or more linked genes or on an X/Y chromosome set must be controlling sex expression. How a monofactorial sex-determining mechanism could operate in polyploids to give a 1∶1 female: male ratio is discussed. Minor modifying gene(s) seem to be responsible for the feminization of males, and their expression appears enhanced by environmental conditions. Masculinizing gene(s) seem to be lacking in female genotypes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00242255
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Opioid operant self-administration, analgesia, stimulation and respiratory depression inμ-deficient mice (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 117 (1995), S. 23-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Opioid ; Genetics ; Self-administration ; CXBK/ByJ ; Reinforcement
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract It is commonly thought thatμ-receptors play an important role in the reinforcing effects of opioids. In the present study, inbred strains widely divergent in CNS opiate receptor densities were used to investigate the influence of genetic variation in receptor concentration on opioid-reinforced behavior. In particular, the CXBK/ByJ mice were used as an investigative tool because of their significantly lower number of CNSμ opioid receptors. The behavioral pharmacology of opioids in theμ-deficient CXBK/ByJ mice was compared to other commonly used inbred mouse strains, C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ, and the opiate receptor rich CXBH/ByJ mice. Operant opioid reinforced behavior, opioid-induced locomotor stimulation, analgesia and respiratory depression were investigated in all four inbred strains. To assess the acquisition and maintenance of opioid reinforced behavior, oral self-administration of the potent benzimidazole opioid, etonitazene, was determined using an operant fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement (FR 8). Acquisition of etonitazene-reinforced behavior was established in all four strains including theμ-deficient CXBK/ByJ mice. However, there were significant genetic differences in the amount of drug intake during the maintenance of opioid-reinforced behavior and extinction behavior following vehicle substitution. For example, drug intake was significantly greater in the BK versus BH mice during the maintenance phase and an extinction burst was seen in the BH but not the BK mice following vehicle substitution. Thus,μ-receptor density may not account for individual variability in the acquisition of opioid-reinforced behavior under these conditions. Sensitivity to etonitazene-induced respiratory depression, stimulation of locomotor activity and analgesia were unrelated to drug intake during self-administration sessions across these four inbred strains. These data indicate that inherited differences in CNSμ-opiate receptor concentrations do not affect acquisition of etonitazene-reinforced behavior.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245094
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromosomal mapping of loci influencing sensitivity to cocaine-induced seizures in BXD recombinant inbred strains of mice (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 117 (1995), S. 62-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Cocaine ; Quantitative trait loci ; Seizure ; Recombinant inbred strains ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Among inbred mice, genetic factors mediate differences in sensitivity to the convulsant properties of cocaine; however, the gene(s) underlying cocaine's effects have not been identified. To help elucidate the gene(s) responsible for cocaine seizure susceptibility, we used recombinant inbred-quantitative trait loci (RI-QTL) analyses to identify chromosomal loci associated with cocaine-induced seizures. RI-QTL analyses seek to identify associations between a quantitative measure of a particular phenotype and one or more previously mapped marker genes across a panel of RI strains. This report describes an RI-QTL analysis of cocaine seizure susceptibility among 26 BXD RI strains. These strains showed a skewed, bimodal range of seizure susceptibility which could be the result of one or more modifying genes acting in concert with a major gene to influence cocaine sensitivity. Correlating the percent seizures displayed by each strain following 60 mg/kg cocaine with chromosomal marker data for these strains revealed a number of significant correlations clustered in two regions on chromosomes 12 and 6. This is the first identification of putative chromosomal loci associated with a cocaine-related phenotype and should facilitate identification of the gene(s) underlying cocaine toxicity and other cocaine-related phenotypes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245099
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic counselling on brittle grounds: recurring osteogenesis imperfecta due to parental mosaicism for a dominant mutation (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Osteogenesis imperfecta ; Collagen I ; Mosaicism ; Genetics ; Recurrence risk
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a dominantly inherited connective tissue disorder, is usually caused by defects in collagen I. There is growing evidence for parental mosaicism that results in affected children born to unaffected parents. This situation poses a difficult task for the geneticist because a mosaic parent may appear clinically healthy while carrying the mutation in a fraction of her or his gonadal cells. To illustrate this problem, we report a Swiss couple whose first child was affected with severe OI. The unexpected recurrence of the disorder in the second child raised the suspicion of a recessive trait or, rather, of parental mosaicism. We identified the responsible collagen mutation in the COL1A2 gene (Gly688Ser in the α2(I)-chain) in both children and demonstrated the father to be a somatic mosaic for this mutation and to have subtle clinical signs such as soft skin and short stature that may be a result of his mosaic state.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050261
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Floating-Harbor syndrome: description of a further patient, review of the literature, and suggestion of autosomal dominant inheritance (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 658-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Floating-Harbor syndrome ; Growth retardation ; Dysmorphology ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Abstract The Floating-Harbor syndrome is a growth retardation syndrome with delayed bone age, speech development, and typical facial features. The face is triangular with deep-set eyes, long eyelashes, bulbous nose, wide columella, short philtrum, and thin lips. We present an additional patient and review 16 cases from the literature. The possible phenotype in the patient's mother suggests a dominant mode of inheritance for the syndrome. Conclusion The Floating Harbor syndrome is a growth deficiency syndrome characterized by proportionate short stature, characteristic face and delayed speech development. Inheritance is possibly autosomal dominant.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02079072
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fetal brain disruption sequence in sisters (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 654-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Fetal development ; Brain diseases ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report two female siblings with the fetal brain disruption sequence. Extensive investigation of both children failed to define a definitive aetiology but clinical and laboratory findings are consistent with a hitherto unknown storage disease. We postulate that the accumulation of a neurotoxic metabolite may be responsible for the disease phenotype observed. This is the first report of recurrence of the fetal brain disruption sequence and supports the existence of a genetic form of this condition. Previous reports have emphasized possible environmental aetiologies. Infants with fetal brain disruption sequence should be investigated exhaustively and, in the absence of definitive evidence of an environmental cause, the possibility of a genetic aetiology should be considered. In some families the recurrence risk may be as high as one in four.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02079071
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fetal brain disruption sequence in sisters (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 654-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Fetal development ; Brain diseases ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report two female siblings with the fetal brain disruption sequence. Extensive investigation of both children failed to define a definitive aetiology but clinical and laboratory findings are consistent with a hitherto unknown storage disease. We postulate that the accumulation of a neurotoxic metabolite may be responsible for the disease phenotype observed. This is the first report of recurrence of the fetal brain disruption sequence and supports the existence of a genetic form of this condition. Previous reports have emphasized possible environmental aetiologies. Infants with fetal brain disruption sequence should be investigated exhaustively and, in the absence of definitive evidence of an environmental cause, the possibility of a genetic aetiology should be considered. In some families the recurrence risk may be as high as one in four.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050366
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Floating-Harbor syndrome: description of a further patient, review of the literature, and suggestion of autosomal dominant inheritance (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 658-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Floating-Harbor ; syndrome ; Growth retardation ; Dysmorphology ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The Floating-Harbor syndrome is a growth retardation syndrome with delayed bone age, speech development, and typical facial features. The face is triangular with deep-set eyes, long eyelashes, bulbous nose, wide columella, short philtrum, and thin lips. We present an additional patient and review 16 cases from the literature. The possible phenotype in the patient's mother suggests a dominant mode of inheritance for the syndrome. Conclusion The Floating Harbor syndrome is a growth deficiency syndrome characterized by proportionate short stature, characteristic face and delayed speech development. Inheritance is possibly autosomal dominant.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050367
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A genetic study of idiopathic focal dystonias (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 242 (1995), S. 508-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Schlagwort(e): Dystonia ; Torticollis ; Blepharospasm ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The inheritance of focal dystonias was investigated in 43 families containing 43 index cases with torticollis (n = 21), blepharospasm (n = 18) and writer's cramp (n = 4). They generated a potential population of 235 first-degree relatives, and 168 out of 179 living first-degree relatives were examined. Ten relatives with dystonia were identified in ten families. Another two parents from two of the same group of ten families were affected according to the family history. The majority of the secondary cases (six patients, five siblings, and one child) were not aware of any dystonia. The tendency for affected relatives to have the same type of dystonia as index patients was observed only for torticollis. Overall, 23% of index patients had relatives with dystonia. Segregation analysis suggested the presence of an autosomal dominant gene or genes with reduced penetrante underlying focal dystonia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00867421
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetische Faktoren bei der Entstehung und Progression maligner Melanome (1995)
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 46 (1995), S. 394-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Malignes Melanom ; Genetische Instabilität ; Genetik ; Syndrom der dysplastischen Nävi ; Xeroderma pigmentosum ; Key words Malignant melanoma ; Genetic instability ; Genetics ; Dysplastic nevus syndrome ; Xeroderma pigmentosum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet irradiation is an important risk factor for the development of malignant melanoma, with UVA possibly playing an important role. Hereditary factors are also relevant. In the dysplastic nevus syndrome a genetic instability has been shown by different methods. In xeroderma pigmentosum the DNA repair defect is thought to be responsible for the high incidence of malignant melanoma. Frequent and non-random changes in certain chromosomes have been demonstrated in melanoma cells. These might contain sequences that control melanoma growth or melanoma suppressor genes. Especially the short arm of chromosome 9 is thought to contain one of these genes. This hypothesis is supported by a genetic linkage analysis in melanoma families and the demonstration of a germ line deletion of the locus 9p21 in a patient with eight primary melanomas. Changes in known tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes have also been reported in melanoma, but no consistent sequence of genetic events is known.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Die Exposition der Haut mit ultravioletten Strahlen ist ein wichtiger Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung eines malignen Melanoms. Möglicherweise spielt hierbei UVA-A eine besondere Rolle. Daneben sind hereditäre Faktoren von Bedeutung. Während beim Syndrom der dysplastischen Nävi eine genetische Instabilität mit verschiedenen Methoden nachgewiesen wurde, wird bei Xeroderma pigmentosum der DNA-Reparaturdefekt für die hohe Melanominzidenz verantwortlich gemacht. In Melanomzellen sind überzufällig häufig karyotypische Veränderungen in bestimmten Chromosomen gefunden worden. Diese enthalten möglicherweise Melanomwachstumsregulierende Sequenzen oder Melanom-Suppressorgene. Insbesondere der kurze Arm des Chromosoms 9 steht in Verdacht, eines dieser Gene zu enthalten. Diese Hypothese wird auch unterstützt durch eine genetische Kopplungsanalyse an Melanomfamilien und dem Nachweis einer Keimbahndeletion des Lokus 9p21 bei einer Patientin mit 8 primären Melanomen. Veränderungen an bereits bekannten Tumorsuppressorgenen oder Onkogenen sind ebenfalls in Melanomen beschrieben worden, ohne daß jedoch eine konsistente Reihenfolge von genetischen Ereignissen bekannt wäre.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001050050272
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Myotonic dystrophy in a large Sicilian kinship: a case report (1995)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 11 (1995), S. 453-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Myotonic ; Dystrophy ; Muscle disease ; Genetics ; Case report
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A large Sicilian kinship in which myotonic dystrophy (DM) affected spanning four generations is presented. The pedigree clearly illustrates the phenomenon of anticipation, and illustrates that this phenomenon is more marked when transmission occurs through an affected female rather than an affected male. The pedigree is interpreted in light of recent genetic advances in DM. Neurosurgeons and neurologists should consider a diagnosis of DM when asked to evaluate a floppy infant with enlarged lateral ventricles, and should be aware of special features regarding its inheritance pattern.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334964
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of Japanese families with early-onset type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus and screening for mutations in the glucokinase and mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) genes (1995)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 32 (1995), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Schlagwort(e): Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) ; Genetics ; Diabetes mellitus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Genetic linkage studies of families with earlyonset type 2 diabetes have facilitated the identification of diabetes-susceptibility genes. In order to assess the feasibility of using linkage approaches to identify genes responsible for the development of type 2 diabetes in Japanese subjects, we examined our clinical records for multigenerational families suitable for genetic studies. We identified 16 families in which at least one subject was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes before 25 years of age. Seven of these families had a pattern of inheritance consistent with a diagnosis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and nine families showed a complex pattern of inheritance of type 2 diabetes with transmission of diabetes-susceptibility genes from both parents. The glucokinase and mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) genes were screened for mutations in at least one affected subject from each family in order to assess the contribution of mutations in these genes to the development of the diabetes. No mutations were found, which suggests that the diabetes in these families resulted from mutations in other genes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581039
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Domestication via hybridization of the wild tetraploid oats Avena magna and A. murphyi (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 639-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Gene introgression ; Genetics ; Linkage ; Taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The wild tetraploid (2n=28) oat species Avena magna and A. murphyi have been domesticated by having been transferred from the common oat, A sativa (2n=42), the characteristics of non-shedding spikelets glabrous and yellow lemma, and reduced awn formation. Domestication has been achieved by crossing the common oat with either of the tetraploid species and then backcrossing the pentaploid hybrids with pollen of the tetraploid wild parent. Among the BC plants obtained only a few produced some seeds. Fertile tetraploids exhibiting the domesticated syndrome have been selected for in the F2 generation. Although morphologically they were almost indistinguishable from the common oat, they were tetraploids. Wild x domesticated A. magna hybrids were vigorous and fertile. They retained their spikelets at maturity, lemma color and pubescence were intermediate between the parental lines, and awns were formed only on the lower floret of the spikelet. Each of these characteristics segregated in a 3∶1 fashion, indicating single gene control, as in the common oat. These four characteristics formed a linkage group in one F2 family and two linkage groups in the other two families. The usefulness of the domesticated tetraploids for oat research and production has been discussed. Taxonomically, the domesticated tetraploids were ranked as subspecies: A. magna ssp. domestica, and A. murphyi ssp. rigida.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223291
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diallel analysis for mineral element absorption in tropical adapted soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 707-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Mineral stress ; Nutrient efficiency ; Aluminium tolerance ; Inheritance ; Genetics ; Breeding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The Brazilian tropical adapted soybeans contains, in addition to superior morphological characters, genetic factors for tolerance to cultivation in acidic, mineral-stressed soils. However, the selection process for these hindrances has been empirical, and information on the genetics of mineral element uptake by the plant is necessary. The objective of this investigation was to identify the mode of inheritance for the absorption of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminium, manganese, zinc and copper in a 9 × 9 diallel cross. General combining ability (GCA) was higher than specific combining ability (SCA), with the exception of copper, manganese and zinc, indicating predominantly additive effects. The ratios of GCA/SCA varied between 3.4 (calcium) and 8.5 (magnesium). The regression of covariance (Wr) on variance (Vr) showed that the additive-dominance model explained the genetic differences in this germ plasm. However, the detection of overdominance could be related to possible heterozygosity in the parental varieties for mineral absorption. Broad-sense heritability values were higher than narrow sense heritability values for aluminium, iron, potassium, calcium and magnesium, being in the range of 67.9–86.9% and 42.0–56.6%, respectively. This is an indication that soybeans can be further improved to efficient utilisation of nutrients and to tolerate toxic factors in the soil.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222137
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Allelic relationships between genes for resistance to tomato spotted wilt tospovirus in Capsicum chinense (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 146-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Capsicum chinense ; Resistance gene ; Genetics ; Pepper ; Tomato spotted wilt virus ; Tospoviruses
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) has been reported to be an important reservoir of resistance genes to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The genes for TSWV resistance present in three C. chinense lines (‘PI 152225’, ‘PI 159236’ and ‘Panca’) were investigated for allelism. All resistant lines were crossed with each other. Parents, F1, backcrosses and F2 populations (including reciprocals) developed from those crosses were mechanically inoculated with a highly virulent TSWV isolate. Susceptible C. annuum cv ‘Magda’ was used to check inoculum virulence. Fifty plants of the F1 hybrids; ‘Magda’ x ‘PI 152225’, ‘Magda’ x ‘PI 159236’, and ‘Magda’ x 'Panca, were also inoculated with the TSWV isolate. The resistance response in all C. chinense sources was associated with a localized, hypersensitive-like reaction that was phenotypically expressed as a prompt formation of large local lesions accompanied by premature leaf abscission. All F1 generations presented a final score of resistant; indicating that the expression of resistance to TSWV is conditioned by a dominant gene regardless of the source. The absence of segregation for resistance to TSWV that was observed in all generations of the crosses between C. chinense lines indicated that either a tightly linked group of genes exists or that the resistance is governed by the same single major gene (probably the already described Tsw gene). Previous reports have indicated that the Tsw gene is not effective against tospovirus members of serogroup II, i.e. tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) and groundnut ring spot virus (GRSV). In the assay described here, all of the C. chinense lines showed, after mechanical inoculation, an identical susceptibility response to the TCSV and GRSV isolates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221009
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of genomic regions affecting plant height in sorghum and maize (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 380-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Genetics ; Breeding ; Sorghum bicolor Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The objective of this study was to use restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) to determine the genetic location and effects of genomic regions controlling plant height in sorghum. F2 plants (152) from the cross CK60 x PI229828 were used. Genomic and cDNA clones (106) identified 111 loci distributed among ten linkage groups covering 1299 cM. Interval mapping identified four regions, each in a separate linkage group. These regions may correspond to loci (dw) previously identified by alleles with qualitative effects. Also, these regions identified in sorghum may be orthologous to those previously reported for plant height in maize. Gene effects and gene action varied among genomic regions. In each region, PI229828 alleles resulted in increased plant height. Each region accounted for 9.2–28.7% of the phenotypic variation. Positive, additive effects ranged from 15 to 32cm. Tallness was dominant or overdominant and conferred by alleles from PI229828 for three quantitative trait loci (QTL). At the fourth QTL, PI229828 contributed to increased plant height, but short stature was partially dominant. One digenic interaction was significant. The presence of a PI229828 allele at one region diminished the effects of the other region. A multiple model indicated that these four regions collectively accounted for 63.4% of the total phenotypic variation. The utility of this information for germplasm conversion through backcross breeding is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221980
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Industrial mycology and the new genetics (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 14 (1995), S. 355-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Transformation ; Fungi ; Yeast ; Genetics ; Biotechnology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary The genetic investigation of fungi has been extended substantially by DNA-mediated transformation, providing a supplement to more conventional genetic approaches based upon sexual and parasexual processes. Initial transformation studies with the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae provided the model for transformation systems in other fungi with regard to methodology, vector construction and selection strategies. There are, however, certain differences betweenS. cerevisiae and filamentous fungi with regard to type of genomic insertion and the availability of shuttle vectors. Single-site linked insertions are common in yeast due to the high level of homology required for recombination between vectored and genomic sequences, whereas mycelial fungi often show a high frequency of heterologous and unlinked insertions, often in the form of random and multiple-site integrations. While extrachromosomally-maintained or replicative vectors are readily available for use with yeasts, such vectors have been difficult to construct for use with filamentous fungi. The development of vectors for replicative transformation with these fungi awaits further study. It is proposed that replicative vectors may be inherently less efficient for use with mycelial fungi relative to yeasts, since the mycelium, as an extended and semicontinuous network of cells, may delimit an adequate diffusion of the vector carrying the selectable gene, thus leading to a high frequency of abortive or unstable transformants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569951
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Have fishes had their chips? The dilemma of threatened fishes (1995)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 43 (1995), S. 1-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Schlagwort(e): Conservation ; Extinction ; Rarity ; Biodiversity ; Breeding guilds ; Endemism ; Speciation ; Habitat degradation ; Environmental management ; Invasive fishes ; Genetics ; Ecology ; Stenotopy ; Captive propagation ; Legislation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Synopsis The conservation status and factors threatening fishes worldwide are reviewed in order to introduce a series of one-page articles on ‘Threatened fishes of the world’, and to encourage the incorporation of information on threatened fishes into international conservation programmes. Information on fish extinction and threat rates are compared with those of other animal groups, and the unique characteristics of fish conservation problems are highlighted. At present 979 species of fishes are listed as threatened in the IUCN Red List and at least 36 species and three subspecies are listed as recently extinct. It is argued that these figures are probably gross underestimates and that they may mislead conservation authorities and resource users about the seriousness of the situation. Freshwater fishes may be the most threatened group of vertebrates after the Amphibia. Urgent action is required to save many narrowly endemic, stenotopic species from extinction, especially in Africa, Asia and South America. The conservation of common species that drive essential ecological processes is also important. Anthropogenic pressures, especially habitat degradation, the introduction of invasive species and pollution, on inland and coastal waters are particularly severe and many major fish communities are threatened with elimination throughout the world. The conservation of marine fishes is complicated by the fact that it is difficult to ascertain their rarity. The importance of the retention of genetic variation is highlighted, and both orthodox and innovative conservation measures are encouraged. Further research on minimum viable populations, genetics, and the factors that cause fishes to become vulnerable to extinction, is urgently required.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00001812
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enantiomeric separation and sensitive determination of D, L-amino acids derivatized with fluorogenic benzofurazan reagents on pirkle type stationary phases (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 10-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole ; NBD-F ; 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulphonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole ; BDD-F ; enantimoeric separation ; D,L-amino acid ; biological sample ; Pirkle type stationary phase ; HPLC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The enantiomeric separations of D, L-amino acids derivatized with fluorogenic reagents, 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F), 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulphonyl)-7-fluro-2,1-3,-benzoxadiazole (DBD-F) and 4-aminosulphonbly-7-fluoro-2,1,3- benzoxadiazole (ABD-F) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ON various Pirkle type chiral stationary phases (CSPs, Sumichiral OA series) with citric acid in methanol as a mobile phase were studied. Since the least retention and no separation was observed for the derivatives of racemic phenylalanine methyl-ester,-amide and a drug without an α-carboxyl group, the carboxylic acid group of the amino acid derivatives seemed to contribute to the enantioselective fixation of the derivatives through hydrogen bonding on the N-acyl-amino acid amide moiety of the CSP. The enantioselective retention of the derivatives was attained through the (S) or (R) configuration of valine, phenylglycine, naphthylglycine, naphthylethylamine or the tert-leucine moiety in the CSP. The 2, 1, 3-benzoxadazole (benzofurazan) moiety in the derivatives helps the effective fixation of the derivatives through a π-πinteraction with an aromatic moiety such as a 3, 5-dinitrophenyl group in the Pirkle type chiral stationary phases.D-Amino acids in biological samples were easily determined utilizing the present derivatization with NBD-F, enantiomeric separation and fluorometric detection (530 nm em/470nm ex) following deproteinization of biological samples (serum or brain homogenate) with methanol and centrifugation. The applications of the method were clearly demonstrated by the following results; D-Ala was detected in sera of healthy volunteers at a level of 0.48-3.10μM. D-Lys was found in the serum of a patient with myeloma and requiring renal dialysis, and D-Ser was found in rat and bovine cerebrum. Peak identification was performed by use of different types of stationary phases especially those bearing the opposite configuration to that of the chiral centre.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090103
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mannitol prevents methionine sulphoxidation mediated electrophoretic heterogeneity of apolipoprotein A-I (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 28-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Hybrid isoelectic focusing of apolipoprotein A-I in polyacrylanide gels with immobilized pH-gradients under non-denaturing conditions resulted in the occurrence of additional bands which could prevent the specific and sensitive detection of genetic variants. Hybrid isoelectric focusing of tow chromatographically distinguishable apolipoprotien A-I isoforms that differ by sulphoxidaton of methionine residues, apo A-I(Met) and apo A-I(MetSO), revealed that the additional bands were caused by this post-translational modification. Several antioxidative additives and conditions were compared for their ability to prevent methionine sulphoxidation in apoliporotein A-I In the presence of 200 g/L mannitol in the gel, apolipoprotein A/I focused as a single band. Since methionine sulphoxidation in proteins is a general phenomenon either taking place in vivo or in vitro by isoelectric focusing, we conclude that isoelectric focusing in the presence of mannitol will improve the quality of resolution of many proteins in gels with immobilized pH-gradients.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090106
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A highly sensitive method to quantify triazolam and its metabolites with liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 48-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: We established a highly sensitive method to determine triazolam and its major metabolites, α-hydroxytriazolam and 4-hydroxytriazolam, in human plasma and urine with a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system which incorporates an atmospheric chemical ionization interface. A plasma sample and a urine sample after solvent extraction were injected into an ODS column of reversed phase with a mobile phase in a linear solvent gradient of initially 50 mM ammonium acetate (pH 4.0) 50%: methanol 50% and 15 min later methanol 100%; quantification limits of as low as 20 pg/mL at an SNR of 3 were obtained for each compound. With diazepam as an internal standard, recovery yields of 84, 81, and 77% were obtained for triazolam, α-hydroxytriazolam and 4-hydroxytriazolam, respectively.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090110
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sensitive determination of salmon calcitonin, by means of pre-column derivatization, HPLC and fluorometric determination (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 52-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A high sensitive analytical method for salmon calcitonin (sCT) was established by means of derivatization with a fluorescence labelling agent, DBD-F, followed by HPLC separation and fluorescence detection at 558 nm with excitation at 430 nm.Under optimized conditions (DBD-F, 0.1 M borate buffer (pH 8.5): acetonitrile (70:30, v/v)), three molecules of DBD-F reacted with one sCT molecule in the presence of 1 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) at 50 oC for 3 h. The detection limit for the sCT derivative was 20 fmol. A linear relationship was obtained between the amount of sCT on column and the peak heights in the range of 35-8000 fmol.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090111
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    N-glycosylation site mapping of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 59-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: This report describes the N-glycosylation mapping of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. The carbohydrate structures were tentatively assigned by comparison with the anion-exchange fractionated oligosaccharides and by a comparison with previously reported data. The separation was shown to rely mainly on the degree of sialylation of the oligosaccharides, allowing a quantitative determination of the proportion of neutral and mono- to tetrasialylated structures. Significant differences in the oligosaccharide distribution of the two variants of rt-PA, which differ by the presence (type I) or the absence (type II) of oligosaccharides at the Asn-184 site, were observed. The distribution of the oligosaccharides at each of the rt-PA glycosylation sites was then determined. Glycopeptides were prepared by tryptic digestion of rt-PA and isolated using two consecutive chromatographic procedures. The glycopeptides were finally treated with N-glycanase, and the resulting oligosaccharides were analysed by capillary electrophoresis. Oligosaccharide mapping revealed that the Asn-448 and Asn-184 sites carry the same population of complex-type oligosaccharides but that the relative amounts of each oligosaccharide vary markedly. High-pH anion-exchange chromatography performed on the desialylated oligosaccharides at each glycosylation site showed that the degree of microheterogeneity was related not only to the degree of sialylation but also to structural differences in the oligosaccharide sequences. From the results as a whole, we concluded that the Asn-448 site contains a greater proportion of heavily sialylated structures and has a higher degree of microheterogeneity. The Asn-117 site was demonstrated to contain a significant number of monosialylated structures (18.4%) in addition to the high-mannose-type oligosaccharides.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090202
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of glutathione and related aminothiols by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 85-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A selective and sensitive method for the determination of glutathione (GSH) and related aminothiols such as cysteine (Cys), cysteinylglycine (CysGly) and γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-GluCys) by gas chromatography (GC) has been developed. GSH and related aminothiols were converted into their N, S-isopropoxycarbonyl methyl ester derivatives and measured by GC with flame photometric detection using a short capillary column (5 m × 0.53 mm i.d.) of cross-linked DB-1. The calibration curves were linear in the range 1-25 nmol for GSH and in the range 0.2-5 nmol for other aminothiols, and the detection limits of GSH, Cys, CysGly and γ-GluCys were approximately 5, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 pmol per injection respectively. This method was successfully applied to blood samples without prior clean-up, and GSH and related aminothiols in these samples could be analysed without any influence from coexisting substances. Overall recoveries of GSH and other aminothiols added to blood samples were 88-107%. The analytical results of free and total blood GSH and related aminothiols in normal subjects are presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090206
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090301
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of guanase activity in normal and pathological sera by high-performance liquid chromatography (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 130-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A simple HPLC assay for serum guanase based on the direct determination of enzymatically formed xanthine was applied to normal and pathological sera. The procedure is sensitive, precise (CV below 5%) and suitable for routine purposes, and the method requires only 50 μL of sample. Using this method the reference range as determined from the sera of 40 healthy adult controls is 0-1.1 U/L. In patients with various liver diseases serum guanase activities were found to be increased 5- to 50-fold compared with the normal mean value.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090304
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stereoselective analysis of nadolol in human plasma (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 226-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A steroeselective method, involving a single liquid-liquid extraction step, was developed and validated for the analysis of nadolol in human plasma. The assay involved extraction of nadolol and desmethyl-nadolol as internal standard (IS) from alkalinized plasma into dichloromethane. The organic solvent was separated and evaporated under nitrogen at 40°C. A chiral derivatization scheme with (R)-(-)-napthylethylisocyanate (50 μL of 0.1% solution in dichloromethane for 60 min) was employed to convert the enantiomers of nadolol into the corresponding diastereomeric derivatives. The residue was reconstitutd in the mobile phase and injected onto a C-18 column. The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol: tetrahdrofuran: water (52:7:41 by vol) containing about 0.001% v/v of both phosphoric acid and tetramethylethylenediamine. Fluorimetric detection was performed at excitation 230 and emission 330 nm. The assay was specific for the enantiomers of nadolol and the lower limit of quantitation was 2 ng/mL for of the enantiomers. Analysis of quality control samples resulted in precision estimates of 7% RSD for inter-assay and 10.1% RSD for intra-assay and the predicted concentrations deviated less than 9.4% of the nominal values for the four enantiomers. The extraction recoveries of the individual enantiomer was about 70%. Stability of nadolol enantiomers were established for four freeze/thaw cycle periods and in the autosampler at 5°C for at least 116 h.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090507
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Announcement (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090513
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of a narrow-bore HPLC column for trace level analysis of tetracyclines - a comparison with a conventional column (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 251-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090603
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preliminary results on the LC-separation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in conventional and narrow-bore RP setups applying columns with different internal diameters (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 261-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090607
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Improved protein separation using capillary electrophoresis and phytic acid (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 269-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090611
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Potentiometric detection of carboxylic aliphatic acids in CZE using ion-selective liquid-membrane electrodes (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 257-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090605
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromatographic investigation of the glycosylation pattern of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein secreted by the HEPG2 cell line; a putative model for inflammation? (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 199-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In certain pathophysiological conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, there are alterations in the glycosylation pattern of the acute phase protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP). These changes are likely to be functionally significant, however, verification of the latter role requires a system which reflectsin vivo glycosylation changes in AGP and also produces sufficient quantities of the protein for further study. The human hepatoma cell line HepG2 is documented as displaying a shift in the glycosylation pattern of glycoproteins from normal state to acute phase after stimulation with inflammatory mediators. We have isolated AGP from the culture medium of HepG2 cells both before and after stimulation with a cytokine preparation and analysed the glycosylation pattern of each preparation, after enzymatic release, by high pH anion-exchange chromatography. Before stimulation, the glycosylated population was similar to a profile which was of AGP isolated from normal plasma; however, cytokine stimulation resulted in a shift to a profile which was consistent with that of AGP from a rheumatoid arthritis sufferer. Thus a HepG2 cell culture system is capable of being a crude model of the changes in glycosylation of acute phase proteins although it has a tendency to produce oligosaccharide chains which are not fully sialylated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090502
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparative chromatographic study on the chiral separation of the 1-naphthylamine derivative of ketoprofen on cellulose-based columns of different sizes (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 289-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090621
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Capillary electrophoretic separation of some pharmaceutically important polypeptides (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 291-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090622
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rapid determination of O- and P-cresol isomers in urine from workers exposed to toluene by high-performance liquid chromatography using a graphitized carbon column (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 302-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A simple and rapid procedure is described that permits the simultaneous determination of o- and p- cresol in urine of workers or other individuals exposed to toluene. The urine samples are enzymatically hydrolysed and analysed by high-performance liquid-chromatography with a detetion limit of 0.2 mg/L, one fifth of the biological threshold limit value for o-cresol (1 mg/g ), a specific marker of toluene exposure. A graphitized carbon column Hybercarb-S, that exhibits an excellent selectivity for aromatic positional isomers, was used with 1% phosphoric acid-acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) as mobile phase and a detection wavelength of 271 nm. The overall accuracy for o-cresol determination was 4.5% at 5 mg/L and 8% at 0.5 mg/L. The cresol isomers were sufficiently resolved from endogenous materials to avoid the need for any extraction step, and the method appears suitable for monitoring workers accurately under the permissible level of exposure for occupational medicine purpose.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090625
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Improvement of achiral resolution in capillary zone electrophoresis by use of cyclodextrin additives (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 267-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090610
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Suppression of chiral recognition of 3-hydroxy-1, 4-benzodiazepines during micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with bile saltsThe complete articles has been published in J. Chromatogr. A., 704, 238 (1995). (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 276-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090614
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    From dipeptides to oligopeptides: Analysis by capillary electrophoresis/electrospray mass spectrometry (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 283-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090618
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of unbound L-tryptophan in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 305-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: An assay for the measurement of unbound L-tryptophan concentrations in plasma was developed using reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. Unbound L-tryptophan from plasma was obtained using the Amicon MPS-1 ultrafiltration device. L-tryptophan binding to the membrane in the ultrafiltration device was not significant. A linear relationship between the peak-area ratios (peak-area of L-tryptophan to internal standard) and concentrations of L-tryptophan was obtained in the range of 0.1 μg/mL to 2.5 μg/L. The intra-assay precision was less than 10% for each control (0.18 μg/mL, 0.75 μg/mL and 2.0 μg/mL). The inter-assay precision was less than 15% for each control; the accuracy for each control, expressed as percent difference from nominal (%DFN), was less than 12%. This method was used to determine unbound L-tryptophan concentrations in plasma from nine male subjects who participated in a clinical study.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090626
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090101
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and tryptophan in plasma and urine by HPLC with fluorimetric detection (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Using native fluorescence detection, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and tryptophan were resoved from themselves and other naturally occurring compounds using reversed-Phase HPLC within 5 min. Deproteinated platelet-poor plasma (ppp) and crude diluted urine were injected directly into the chromatograph. Careful selection of the HPLC column is important and various octadecyl silica (ODS) and base deactivated silic (BDS) columns were evaluated. Pre-treatment of an ODS column with tetrabutylammonium ions gave good selectivity. Between pH5 and 6 the compounds were well resolved from each other. The limit of quantitatiave detection of 5-HT and 5-HIAA was 3.5 nmol/L. The overal chromatogram obtained using native fluorescence is cleaner than that obtained with the more commonly employed electrochemical (EC) systems although the chromatography is effectively the same. For analysis of 5-HT in plasma, collection in EDTA was more efficient than lithium heparin. Plasma 5-HT in healthy volunteers was mean 61 (SD=±73) nmol/L, n=20; urine 5-HIAA gave mean 28.95 (SD=±0.98)μmol/L, (n=12). Whole blood 5-HT analysis is unreliable in comparison with platelet-poor plasma.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090105
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Measurement of clozapine and norclozapine in plasma/serum by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 36-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A simple method for the measurement of clozapine and its N-desmethyl metabolite in human pläsma or serum by high performance liquid chromatography is described. An internal standard (aqueous nortriptyline, 4 mg/L) (50 μL) and Tris buffer (2 mol/L, pH 10.6) (100 μL) are added to plasma/serum (200 μL) and the analytes and internal standard extracted into methyl tert-butyl ether (200 μL). The extracts are analysed on a 150 mm column containing Spherisorb S5SCX using methanol containing ammonium perchlorate (35 mmol/L, pH 6.7) as eluent at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. Detection is by ultraviolet absorption (215 nm). The limit of detection is better than 0.05 mg/L for both analytes and the intra-assay precision (CV) for clozapine and norclozapine was 5.3 and 7.3% at 0.5 mg/L and 2.6 and 2.8% at 1.5 mg/L, respectively. The method can be applied to the measurement of these compounds in plasma after acute overdosage, for the assessment of compliance in patients apparently refractory to therapy and to identify interactions between clozapine and other neuroleptic and antidepressant drugs which may effect toxicity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090108
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Potentials of chemiluminescence detection in flow injection analysis: Determination of penicillamine applying a quinine-Ce (IV) system (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 287-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090620
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chiral separation of naphthalene-2, 3-dialdehyde labelled peptides by cyclodextrin-modified electrokinetic chromatography (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 295-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The chiral separation of several dipeptide enantiomers, derivatized by naphthalene-2,3-dialdehyde (NDA), was achieved by use of cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CD-MEKC). The dipeptides contained one or two chiral centers. In the case of several dipeptides containing two chiral centers, all four of the optical isomers could be separated and baseline resolved in less than 15 min with 20 mM γ-CD and 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in the background electrolyte. The order of elution of these derivatized dipeptides was explained by considering important chemical equlibria in the SDS, CD and peptide system. Additionally, the influence of geometric location of the chiral center, the structure of the side-chain and the effect of CD concentration on the resolution are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090624
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphology and evolutionary implications of the annual cycle of secretion and sperm storage in spermathecae of the salamander Ambystoma opacum (Amphibia: Ambystomatidae) (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 223 (1995), S. 35-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Females of the marbled salamander, Ambystoma opacum, store sperm in exocrine glands called spermathecae in the roof of the cloaca. Eggs are fertilized by sperm released from the spermathecae during oviposition. Some sperm remain in the spermathecae following oviposition, but these sperm degenerate within a month and none persists more than 6 mo after oviposition. Thus, sperm storage between successive breeding seasons does not occur. Apical secretory vaculoes are abundant during the fall mating season and contain a substance that is alcian blue+ at pH 2.5. Production of secretory vacuoles decreases markedly after oviposition, and the glands are inactive by the summer months. Ambystoma opacum is a terrestrial breeder, and some mating occurs prior to arrival at pond basins where oviposition occurs. Mating prior to arrival at the ovipository site may prolong the breeding season, leading to fitness implications for both males and females. Females have opportunities for more matings, and the possibilities for sperm competition in the spermathecae are enhanced. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052230106
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Annual changes in fine structure of inner epithelial lining of the ovary of a marine sculpin, Alcichthys alcicornis (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes), with internal gametic association (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 223 (1995), S. 85-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Alcichthys alciocornis has a viscous ovarian fluid in the ovarian cavity, which plays an important role in its unique mode of reproduction called internal gametic association (i.e., internal insemination and sperm-egg association but a delay in the physiological fertilization until spawning). Seasonal changes in fine structure of the inner epithelial lining and capillary endothelium of the ovary revealed that ovarian fluid originated as a result of the secretory activity of the tissues. The ovarian cavity of A. alcicornis is lined with an ovigerous lamella epithelium and an ovarian wall epithelium. During the spawning period, both epithelia actively secreted proteinaceous substances which seemed to constitute the ovarian fluid. The substances appear to be synthesized in the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum from the material which was transported from the blood capillary, taken into the epithelial cells by endocytosis, accumulated in secretory vesicles via Golgi apparatus in the cells, and finally released into the ovarian cavity by exocytosis. Microapocrine secretion was also observed to occur in both epithelia. Secretory activity of both epithelia by exocytosis and microapocrine secretion showed distinct seasonal changes. Active exocytosis and microapocrine secretion were observed during the spawning period (April-May). These activities slightly declined during the degeneration period (May-June) and were lost during the early recovery period (July). During the mid to late recovery period (October-March), there was some exocytosis but no microapocrine secretion. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052230108
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Surface morphology of hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) decidual cells in vitro (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 223 (1995), S. 167-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Cell surface morphology of hamster decidual cells isolated from day 8 implantation swellings was studied, using both phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopy. Two kinds of cells, fibroblastic and epithelioid, were identified in cultures examined by phase-contrast microscopy. Fibroblastic cells were spindle-shaped, having pointed or blunt terminals on one end and bifid or webbed projections at the other end. Epithelioid cells, on the other hand, were flat and discoid, having a distinctively ruffled plasma membrane. Further, the plasma membrane of epithelioid cells formed rope-like or flange-like processes. The significance of such adaptations is discussed. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052230205
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Skeletal morphogenesis in the urodele skull: II. Effect of developmental stage in thyroid hormone-induced remodeling (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 223 (1995), S. 149-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: This study investigates the effect of developmental stage on thyroid hormone (TH)-mediated remodeling in the skeletal tissues of hemidactyliine plethodontid urodeles. Rate of morphogenesis was quantified in 17 metamorphic tissues for three different size-age classes of Eurycea bislineata larvae immersed in a metamorphic dosage of T4. Extent of morphogenesis after a 3-week immersion was also quantified in these tissues plus four larval ones for the full size range of E. bislineata larvae and for less complete size ranges of E. wilderae, E. longicauda guttolineata, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus, and Pseudotriton ruber larvae. Although all tissues respond more slowly with decreasing size/age, two tissue-specific effects are evident in all species. Larval ossifications are less inducible than metamorphic ossifications, and progressive metamorphic events are more retarded and, in some cases, more prone to abnormal morphogenesis than regressive ones. The first effect agrees with the prediction that tissues that naturally remodel at metamorphosis are more responsive to a metamorphic dosage of TH than those that respond at a larval stage and lower TH. The second effect agrees with the prediction that progressive morphogenesis is more likely to be impaired at small size than regressive morphogenesis, although the frequent discrepancies between individuals of similar size implicate developmental age more than size in this effect. Collectively, these two effects provide only equivocal support for the hypothesis that direct development in plethodontids evolved via precocious TH activity. However, the unexpected transition from ceratobranchial replacement to ceratobranchial shortening in medium-sized larvae suggests that the former pathway requires a longer period of cell specification at low TH. Since ancestral plethodontids appear to have been distinguished by an exceptionally long larval period with exceptionally low TH activity, this developmental prerequisite may in turn be partly responsible for their singular evolution of ceratobranchial replacement. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052230204
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Atomic force microscopy of the morphology of the matrix and mineral components of the otolith of Hyperoglyphe antarctica (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 223 (1995), S. 203-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The sagittal otolith of Hyperoglyphe antarctica (Centrolophidae: Teleostei) has a prismatic structure in which the anti-sulcal growth axes of each prism consist of a series of nested cones each composed of a mineral layer followed by an organic matrix layer. Broken sections show the mineral layers to be composed of stacks of crystals. Otolith matrix that has been decalcified and air-dried, or critical-pont-dried, retains a periodic structure of repeating high and low matrix density. At high magnifications, both broken whole crystal surfaces and decalcified matrix surfaces have a granular structure. Chloroxbleached whole otoliths also show a granular crystalline structure. At higher magnifications, the air-dried matrix showed a parallel fiber structure with similar dimensions to keratin fibers. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052230208
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cellular ultrastructure and catecholamine histofluorescence of the heart of the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 223 (1995), S. 191-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Ultrastructural descriptions of the dipnoan heart are lacking. Many ultrastructural features of the heart of the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, resemble those of other lower vertebrates. The epicardial cells appear to be adapated for the exchange of material with the pericardial fluid. The most prominent features of the endocardial cells are numerous moderately electron-dense vesicles found within the cytoplasm. These organelles might have an endocrine function. The myocardiocytes are typically small. The banding pattern of the sarcomere is shared with most fish. The intercalated disc has a convoluted path and consists of desmosomes and fascia adherens. Caveolae are a prominent feature of the sarcoplasm. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is sparse, and T-tubules are lacking. Atrial myocardial dense bodies occur in vast numbers throughout the atrium and are occasionally seen in the ventricle. These vesicles are chromaffin-positive but fail to show catecholamine fluorescence. They are likely to contain peptides related to ANP. Subendothelial cells exhibiting catecholamine-specific fluorescence are scattered throughout the atrium. Ultrastructurally these cells contain many chromaffin-positive granules. Chromaffin cells represent another cell type with a probable endocrine function within the heart of N. forsteri. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052230207
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 223 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052230301
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphology of complex lymphoepithelial organs of the anal canal (“anal tonsil”) in the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 223 (1995), S. 263-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: A complex of lymphoepithelial organs, the “anal tonsils,” is a consistent structure in the anal canal of the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. This complex occurs as a circumferential cluster of discrete tonsil like aggregations of lymphoid tissues, together with epithelial ducts (“crypts”) and occasional mucus secretory units in the extreme lower portion of the intestinal tract. These structures are concentrated in the segment lined by stratified squamous epithelium and extend for a variable distance cephalad from the anal aperture. The tonsils appear to be most active, judged by the amount of lymphoid tissue present, in young animals. Depletion of lymphocytes and cystic enlargement of the crypts, probably representing functional as well as morphological involution, is a consistent feature of older animals. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052230304
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prenatal development of the integument in Delphinidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti) (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 223 (1995), S. 269-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The prenatal development of epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis was studied in embryos of different ago of two delphinid species (Stenella attenuata, Delphinus delphis), using light and transmission electron microscopical methods. The delphinid embryo is covered by a multilayered tissue formed by four different epidermal generations (periderm, stratum intermedium-I, str. intermedium-II, str. spinosum) produced by the str. basale. The first layer appears at about 40-50 mm of body length, the second type (s.i.-I) about 60-160 mm, and the third type (s.i.-II) is present at 160-500 mm. The first spinosal cells are produced at 225-260 mm body length; thenceforth, the epidermis increases continuously in thickness. Epidermal ridge formation begins about 400-mm body length. The development of the dermis is characterized by the early production of thin connective tissue fibers (40- 70-mm body length) and simultaneously the cutaneuous muscle matures in structure. Vascular development intensifies between embryos of 150-225 mm, and collagen production increases markedly in fetuses of 225-260-mm length. These events are paralledled by an increase in dermal thickness. The first elastic fibers can be recognized in the skin from the abdomen at about 600-mm body length. The development of the hypodermis is marked by very rapid and constantly progressing growth, beginning about 60-mm body length. The first typical fat cells appear in animals of 360-400 mm. Regional differences are obvious for all skin layers with regard to the flippers, where structural maturation proceeds more rapidly than in dorsal or abdominal regions. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052230305
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Design of the predatory legs of water bugs (Hemiptera: Nepidae, Naucoridae, Notonectidae, Gerridae) (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 223 (1995), S. 289-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Functional comparative morphology of predatory legs in five species of water bugs (Ilyocoris cimicoides, Nepa cinerea, Ranatra linearis, Notonecta glauca, and Gerris lacustris) has been investigatd adn the following peculiarities of leg design were revealed.1Subcoxal articulation may be monoaxial (G. lacustris, N. glauca), or, in contrast to walking leg type, biaxial (N. cinerea, R. linearis, I. cimicoides); the first axis is oriented along the coxa (torsion axis), the second one is perpendicular to the first (non-torsion axis).2In contrast to walking leg type, which is characterized by cross suspension of the axis of coxal rotation in thoracal skeleton, this axis in G. lacustris is placed vertically. Non-torsion coxal axis in R. linearis is oriented strongly transversal. This axis directs the leg strike forward.3Legs in the majority of species are planar: Torsion axes of the coxa, femur, and tibia are placed in the same plane. Axes of rotation of consequent joints in I. cimicoides are reciprocally sloped. Therefore, the end of the leg outlines the spiral trajectory, when all angles of joints are opening (closing). This is an adaptation for clinging to the stems of water plants.4Passive adduction of the femur in the trochanter-femoral joint in N. glauca allows it to go around protuberances of the body wall, when the leg is sliding along them; recurrent femur movement during releasing from the obstacele is active due to the rt.fe muscle.5Only R. linearis has predatory legs, which permit the high-speed pursuit of potential prey; other species realize this function using the swimming legs, whereas the forelegs are used for the manipulation movements.6Muscle arrangement in the prothorax of different species reflects both leg construction and constructional constraints of body design. Powerful flexor muscles (co1, co2, co3, co5, fl.ti, et.ti in R. linearis; fl.ta, fl.ti in N. glauca; fl.ti in I. cimicoides) have long tendons and short muscle bundles, which originate on the leg wall. As a result, the powerful force is developed along the muscle tendon.7Some features of the predatory leg are common for the species studies: elongation of coxae, thickening of femora, and increase of the degree of junction of tibia and tarsus. The muscles, which move the distal segment of the leg, are reinforced and the sclerite of the fl.ti tendon is enlarged. The joint angle of the distal segment is increased to 120°. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 27 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052230306
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Allometry and developmental integration of body growth in a piranha, Pygocentrus nattereri (Teleostei: Ostariophysi) (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 223 (1995), S. 341-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Piranhas, like many teleosts, change their diets on both ontogenetic and phylogenetic time scales. Prior studies have suggested that pervasive morphological changes in body form on a phylogenetic time scale may be related to changes in diet, but previous reports have found little shape change in piranhas on an ontogenetic time scale. We re-examine the post-transformational allometry of body form in one piranha, Pygocentrus nattereri (Kner), using the method of thin-plate splines decomposed by their partial warps. We find substantial evidence of allometry, primarily elongation of the mid-body relative to the more anterior and posterior regions, elongation of the postorbital and nape regions relative to the more anterior head and posterior body, and deepening of the head relative to the body. In addition to these pervasive changes throughout the body, there are some that are more localized, especially elongation of the postorbital region relative to eye diameter and snout, and an even more localized elongation of the snout relative to eye diameter. Initial dietary transitions are associated with changes in head and jaw proportions, but rates of shape change decelerate through growth, so that the final transition to a diet increasingly dominated by small whole fish appears associated with change largely in overall body size. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052230309
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructurally different muscle cell types in Eisenia foetida (Annelida, Oligochaeta) (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 224 (1995), S. 87-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Muscles in the body wall, intestinal wall, and contractile hemolymphatic vessels (pseudohearts) of an oligochaete anelid (Eisenia foetida) were studied by electron microscopy. The muscle cells in all locations, except for the outer layer of the pseudohearts, are variants of obliquely striated muscle cells. Cells comprising the circular layer of the body wall possess single, peripherally located myofibrils that occupy most of the cytoplasm and surround other cytoplasmic organelles. The nuclei of the cells lie peripherally to the myofibrils. The sarcomeres consist of thin and thick myofilaments that are arranged in parallel arrays. In one plane of view, the filaments appear to be oriented obliquely to Z bands. Thin myofilaments measure 5-6 nm in diameter. Thick myofilaments are fusiform in shape and their width decreases from their centers (40-45 nm) to their tips (23-25 nm). The thin/thick filament ratio in the A bands is 10. The Z bands consist of Z bars alternating with tubules of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Subsarcolemmal electron-dense plaques are found frequently. The cells forming the longitudinal layer of the body wall musculature are smaller than the cells in the circular layer and their thick filaments are smaller (31-33 nm centrally and 21-23 nm at the tips). Subsarcolemmal plaques are less numerous. The cells forming the heart wall inner layer, the large hemolymphatic vessels, and the intestinal wall are characterized by their large thick myofilaments (50-52 nm centrally and 27-28 nm at the tips) and abundance of mitochondria. The cells forming the outer muscular layer of the pseudohearts are smooth muscle cells. These cells are richer in thick filaments than vertebrate smooth muscle cells. They differ from obliquely striated muscle cells by possessing irregularly distributed electron-dense bodies for filament anchorage rather than sarcomeres and Z bands and by displaying tubules of smooth endoplasmic reticulum among the bundles of myofilaments. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 21 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052240110
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Internal fertilization, testis and sperm morphology in glandulocaudinae fishes (Teleostei: Characidae: Glandulocaudinae) (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 224 (1995), S. 131-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: In this report, the gonads of 32 glandulocaudine species, representing 18 genera, are compared with 11 outgroup characiform species. Through the presence of spermatozoa within the ovarian cavity, internal fertilization of the female is confirmed for the 16 genera for which mature ovaries were available. No outgroup ovary studied contains spermatozoa. All mature glandulocaudine testes have a large portion of the posterior testis, which is devoid of developing germ cells and spermatocysts (aspermatogenic), devoted to sperm storage, with the degree of partitioning in that region varying greatly within the group. All outgroup species examined have spermatozoa with spherical nuclei. With the exception of the species of the genus Planaltina, which also have spherical nuclei, all glandulocaudines have elongated nuclei, which vary among the species from 3.6 μm to 31.6 μm in length. Distinct sperm packets (spermatozeugmata) are formed in five genera by two different methods. In the genera Xenurobrycon, Tyttocharax, and Scopaeocharax, all of the tribe Xenurobryconini, the spermatozeugmata are formed within the spermatocysts and released fully formed. In all genera of the tribe Glandulocaudini, which includes Glandulocauda and Mimagoniates, loose spermatozoa are released which cluster into spermatozeugmata within the posterior storage areas. These morphological specializations are discussed within a phylogenetic framework as adaptations for internal fertilization and are hypothesized to be independently derived. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052240203
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Presence of interdigitating cells in thymus of the sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. (Teleost) (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 224 (1995), S. 199-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Interdigitating cells in the thymus of the sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, occur principally in the internal zone and in the border with the external zone. Ultrastructurally, the most characteristic cytological features of these cells are their low electron density, complicated labyrinthine membrane-membrane contacts, scantiness of cytoplasmic organelles, presence of Birbeck-like granules, juxtanuclear tubulo-vesicular complex, and phagocytic capacity. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052240208
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphological, histochemical, and ultrastructural characterization of the salivary glands and proboscises of three species of glossiphoniid leeches (Hirudinea: Rhynchobdellida) (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 225 (1995), S. 1-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Morphological and ultrastructural features of the salivary glands and proboscises of Placobdella ornata, Placobdella parasitica, and Desserobdella picta were studied by light and electron microscopy. Chemical composition of the salivary cells was investigated using a variety of histochemical techniques. Placobdella ornata and P. parasitica have compact salivary glands with discrete pairs of anterior and posterior glands, while the salivary cells contain one mucous and three proteinaceous secretions. Salivary glands of D. Picta are diffusely arranged and contain two mucous and two proteinaceous secretions. A cobalt-lysine forward-filling technique revealed that individual salivary cells consist of a roughly spherical soma and an elongated ductule. The majority of the internal space in a salivary soma is densely packed with spherical secretory granules which displace the cytoplasm to the periphery of the cell. Bundles of individual ductules enter the base of the proboscis on opposite sides and extend anteriorly. The ductules, also packed with secretory granules, are surrounded by microtubules associated with agranular endoplasmic reticulum, and merge with deep invaginations of the proboscis cuticle. The secretory granules are released at the end of these invaginations or pores. Pores were found on the tip, along the body, and on the luminal wall of the proboscises in all three species. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 24 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052250102
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In vivo strain in the humerus of pigeons (Columba livia) during flight (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 225 (1995), S. 61-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Longitudinal and principal strain recordings were made in vivo at three sites (dorsal, anterior, and ventral) on the humeral midshaft of pigeons executing five modes of free flight: Take-off, level flight, landing, vertical ascent, and near-vertical descent. Strains were also recorded while the birds flew carrying weights that were 33%, 50%, or 100% of their body weight. The relative distribution of strain measured at the three surface midshaft sites and across the bone's cortex was found to be similar for all flight modes. Principal strains recorded in the dorsal and ventral humerus indicated considerable torsion produced by aerodynamic loading of the wing surface posterior to the bone. Measured torsional shear strains (maximum: 2,700-4,150 μ ε during level flight) were 1.5 times greater than longitudinal strains. In addition to torsion, the humerus is also subjected to significant dorsoventral bending owing to lift forces acting on the wing during the downstroke. Analysis of the cross-sectional distribution of longitudinal strains at the humeral midshaft cortex shows that the orientation of bending shifts in a regular manner during the downstroke, indicating that the wing generates progressively more thurst (vs. lift) later in the downstroke. This shift is less during take-off and vertical ascent when greater lift is required. Peak principal and longitudinal strains increased by an average of only 50% from landing to vertical ascending flight and take-off (e.g., dorsal humerus: -1,503 to -2,329 μ ε) and did not exceed -2,600 μ epsiv; at any site, even when the birds flew carrying twice their body weight. Strains recorded when birds flew at two times their body weight (100% BW load) were similar in magnitude to those recorded during vertical ascent and take-off and likely represent those developed during maximal performance. Strains developed within the midshaft were maximal in the anterodorsal and posteroventral cortices, not at the dorsal, ventral, and anterior sites at which strain was recorded. Consequently, maximum strains experienced by the bone are probably 20-25% greater than those recorded (ca. 3,200 μ ε), indicating a safety factor of about 3.5 for compressive strain failure. The much higher shear strains, however, indicate a lower safety factor (1.9), in which the bone's torsional strength is its most critical design feature. Finally, the magnitude and distribution of strains developed in the humerus of pigeons are generally similar to those recorded in the humerus of large fruit-eating bats during flight. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052250106
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cephalometric correlates of echolocation in the chiroptera: II. Fetal development (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 225 (1995), S. 107-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Cephalometry was used to detect patterns of cranial growth in fetal bats that were stained differentially for bone and cartilage. Three developmental features distinguish embryos of taxa that echolocate nasally from embryos of taxa that echolocate orally: (1) the basicranium is retained ventral to the cervical axis, (2) the rostrum is retained below the basicranial axis, and (3) the lateral semicircular canals are rotated caudally. Together, the first two actions align the fetal nasal cavity with what will be the long axis of the adult body in flight. The third action aligns the lateral semicircular canals with the horizontal. In contrast, skulls of oral-emitting taxa are constructed such that the oral cavity is aligned with the long axis of the body in flight. The evolution of head posture and skull form in microchiropteran bats has been constrained by the demands of vocalization, i.e., ultrasonic echolocation. Accordingly, the ontogeny of the microchiropteran skull has been canalized along two distinct developmental paths - oral-emitting and nasal-emitting Baupläne. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052250109
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 225 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052250301
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of caffeine treatment on the fine structure, silica secretion, and shell morphology of the testate amoeba Assulina muscorum (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 225 (1995), S. 251-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Assulina muscorum secretes morphologically altered shells when cultured in a medium with 5 mM caffeine. The siliceous scales, normally distributed in a regular overlapping pattern, are disorganized, thicker and wider than normal, and occasionally have incompletely silicified surfaces that appear irregular in profile in transmission electron microscopic ultrathin sections. The shape of the silica deposition vesicles (SDVs) in the cytoplasm is altered and they are less regularly arranged. The swollen appearances of the SDVs, and of nearby Golgi tubules, give additional evidence that caffeine affects the fine structural morphology of membranous secretory organelles and can disrupt their normal depositional activity. In addition to the greater thickness and width of the siliceous scales in caffeine-treated cells, the length and width of the shell are larger compared to controls, but the aspect ratio (length / width) is smaller. The latter is attributed to a larger increase in width relative to the increase in length of the caffeine-reated cells. Since some of the scales are deposited with the long axis laterally on the shell surface, in addition to being greater in width, this raises the interesting question of whether the morphology of the SDVs and the siliceous products influences the size and morphogenesis of the shell. Further research is needed to clarify the interaction of the SDVs with the cytoplasmic cytoskeletal system during shell morphogenesis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052250302
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spinal cord central canal of the German shepherd dog: Morphological, histological, and ultrastructural considerations (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 224 (1995), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: This study deals with some macroscopical, microscopical, and ultrastructural aspects of the spinal cord central canal of the German shepherd dog. The caudal end of the spinal cord is constituted by the conus medullaris, which may extend to the first sacral vertebra, the terminal ventricle, and the filum terminale. The latter structure is considered as internum (second to third sacral vertebrae) or externum (fifth caudal vertebra), according to its relation to the dura mater. Occasionally, there is a second anchorage which is close to the level of the sixth caudal vertebra. The central canal is surrounded by a ciliated ependymal epithelium, which differs depending upon the levels. The most caudal part of the filum terminale bears a columnar ciliated ependymal epithelium surrounded by two layers of glia and pia mater, which separate the central canal from the subarachnoid space. Microfil injections show a communication between the cavity and the subarachnoid space, as the plastic is able to pass through the ependymal epithelium. At the level of the terminal ventricle there are real separations of the ependymal epithelium, which seem to connect the lumen of the spinal canal with the subarachnoid space. These structures probably constitute one of the drainage pathways of the cerebrospinal fluid. The diameter of the central canal is related to the age of the animal. However, even in very old animals the spinal cord central canal reaches the tip of the filum terminale and remains patent until death. At the ultrastructural level the ependymal cells present villi, located on cytoplasmic projections, cilia, dense mitochondria, and oval nuclei. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052240209
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Developing embryo and cyclic changes in the uterus of Peripatus (Macroperipatus) acacioi (Onychophora, Peripatidae) (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 224 (1995), S. 179-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Female reproductive tracts of the viviparous neo-tropical onychophoran Peripatus acacioi have been examined at different times throughout the year, and the altering relationship between the developing embryo and the uterus is described. Depending on her age and time of year, the female may have one or two generations of embryos within her uterus. The uterine wall consists of a thin outer epithelium and basal lamina, three layers of muscles, and a thick basal lamina beneath an inner epithelium lining the uterus lumen. These layers are consistent along the length of the uterus apart from the inner epithelial lining, which varies according to position in the uterus and the developmental stage of embryos contained in the uterus. Early embryos are positioned along the length of the uterus and therefore have space in which to grow. During cleavage and segment formation, each embryo is contained within a fluid-filled embryo cavity that increases in size as the embryo grows. Morulae and blastulae are separated by lengths of empty uterus in which the epithelial lining appears vacuolated. Until the process of segment formation is complete, the embryos are attached to a placenta by a stalk and remain in the same part of the upper region of the uterus. As these embryos grow, the lengths of vacuolated cell-lined uterus between them decrease. Each embryo cavity is surrounded by the epithelial sac, the maternal uterine epithelium, which becomes overlaid by a thin layer of cells, the embryo sac, which is believed to be of embryonic origin. The placenta is a syncytial modification of the epithelial sac located at the ovarian end of each embryo cavity covered by the embryo sac and is analogous to the mammalian noninvasive epitheliochorial placenta. Segment-forming embryos have their heads directed toward the ovary. As the embryo gets longer during segment formation, its posture changes from coiled to flexed. Once segment formation is complete, the embryo loses contact with its stalk, an embryonic cuticle forms, and the embryo turns around so that its head is directed toward the vagina. The embryo escapes from its embryo sac and moves to the lower part of the uterus. In the lower part of the uterus, the straightened fetuses are first unpigmented but subsequently become pigmented as the secondary papillae on the body surface form and an adult-type cuticle forms beneath the embryonic cuticle. While the embryos are contained within their embryo cavities, nutrients are supplied by the placenta. Throughout development the mouth is open and in the mature fetus the gut is lined by peritrophic membrane and material is present in the gut lumen. Trachea have been observed only in fetuses that were ready for birth. Insemination, cyclical changes in the uterine epithelium, and the nature of the cuticle shed at parturition are discussed. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 33 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052240207
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mechanics of the avian propatagium: Flexion-extension mechanism of the avian wing (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 225 (1995), S. 91-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The supporting elements of the avian propatagium were examined in intact birds and as isolated components, using static force-length measurements, calculated models, and airflow observations. The propatagial surface supported between Lig. propatagiale (LP) and brachium-antebrachium is equally resistant to distortion over the range of wing extension used in flight. The lengths LP assumes in flight occur across a nearly linear, low-stiffness portion of the force-length curve of its extensible pars elastica. In an artificial airflow, intact wings automatically extend; their degree of extension is roughly correlated with the airflow velocity. Comparisons between geometric models of the wing and the passive force-length properties of LPs suggest that the stress along LP blances the drag forces acting to extend the elbow. The mechanical properties (stiffness) of the LP vary and appear to be tuned for flight-type characteristics, e.g., changes in wing extension during flight and drag. Lig. limitants cubiti and LP combine to limit elbow extension at its maximum, a safety device in flight preventing hyperextension of the elbow and reduction of the propatagium's cambered flight surface. Calculations using muscle and ligament lengths suggest that M. deltoideus, pars propatagialis, via its insertions onto both the propatagial ligaments, controls and coordinates propatagial deployment, leading edge tenseness, and elbow/wing extension across the range of wing extensions used in flight. The propatagial ligaments and M. deltoideus, pars propatagialis, along with skeleto-ligamentous elbow/carpus apparatus, are integral components of the wing's extension control mechanism. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052250108
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparative embryology of teleostean fishes. I. Development and staging of the american shad, Alosa sapidissima (Wilson, 1811) (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 225 (1995), S. 125-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: A new approach to devising embryological staging systems allows improved phylogenetic comparisons of developmental patterns. As in traditional approaches, morphological features provide the defining criteria for stages, but unlike traditional normal tables, each stage is defined by no more than one or two morphological criteria that are fundamental developmental features of all teleosts. Additional developmental features that occur concurrently with the defining criteria of a stage are treated as variables potentially uncoupled from the defining criteria for that stage. This system is well suited to detect phylogenetic heterochrony and promises to increase our understanding of conserved vs. labile features in teleostean embryology. In this study, I explain the defining criteria for American shad and then make comparisons with other clupeoids. The development of American shad includes 35 stages extending from fertilization to metamorphosis. Comparisons with other clupeoids indicate that the developmental pattern of shad is representative of the early ontogeny of many clupeoids during the embryonic and yolk sac periods and may be conservative for the group. However, several concurrent features, particularly hatching, formation of neuromasts, and opercular development, vary in developmental timing among clupeoids. Comparisons indicate that shad embryos delay the development of these concurrent features relative to other clupeoids. Modifications of the developmental pattern for different species of clupeoids are heterochronic but their phylogenetic and adaptive significance is unknown. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 22 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052250202
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fiber-type composition of hindlimb muscles in the turtle, Pseudemys (Trachemys) scripta elegans (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 225 (1995), S. 193-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: A description is provided of the fiber-type composition of several hindlimb muscles of the adult turtle, Pseudemys (Trachemys) scripta elegans. In addition, cross-section areas of each fiber type and an estimation of the relative (weighted) cross-section area (wCSA) occupied by the different fiber types are also provided. Seven muscles were selected for study, based on their suitability for future neurophysiological analysis as components of the segmental motor system, and on their homologies with muscles in other vertebrates. The test muscles were iliofibularis (ILF), ambiens (AMB), external gastrocnemius (EG), extensor digitorum communis (EDC), flexor digitorum longus (FDL), tibialis anterior (TA), and peroneus anterior (PA). Serial sections of these muscles were stained for myosin adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), NADH-diaphorase, and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (α-GPDH), thereby enabling fiber-type classification on the basis of indirect markers for contraction speed and oxidative (aerobic) vs. glycolytic (anaerobic) metabolism. All muscles contained three fiber types: Slow oxidative (SO; possibly including some non-twitch tonic fibers); fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG); and fast glycolytic (Fg). There were at least 30% FOG and 50% FOG + Fg fibers in the seven muscles, the extreme distributions being the predominantly glycolytic ILF vs. the predominantly oxidative FDL muscle (ILF - 15.5% SO, 35.2% FOG, 49.3% Fg vs. FDL - 49.1% SO, 41.1% FOG, 9.8% Fg). As in other species, the test muscles exhibited varying degrees of regional concentration (compartmentalization) of the different fiber types. This feature was most striking in ILF. Pronounced compartmentalization was also observed in AMB, EG, PA, TA, and EDC, whereas the distribution of fiber types in the highly oxidative FDL was homogeneous. In five of the seven muscles, fiber size was ranked with Fg 〉 FOF 〉 SO. In terms of wCSA, which provides a coarse-grain measure of the different fiber types' potential contribution to whole muscle peak force, all muscles exhibited a higher Fg and lower SO contribution to cross-section area than suggested by their corresponding fiber-type composition. The largest relative increases in wCSA vs. fiber-type composition were in the ILF and AMB muscles. We conclude that the turtle hindlimb provides some interesting possibilities for testing for a division of labor among different muscles during different movements (e.g., sustained vs. ballistic), and for study of the behavior of the different fiber (and motor unit) types under normal and perturbed conditions. The relationships between the present results and previous findings on homologous muscles of the mammalian (cat, rat) and reptilian (lizard) hindlimb are discussed. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052250205
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Occurrence of ampulla in the ductus deferens of the Indian garden lizard Calotes versicolor daudin (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 225 (1995), S. 261-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: During the breeding season, the terminal end of the ductus deferens of Calotes versicolor appears swollen and is comparable to the ampulla of the mammalian ductus deferens. Its anatomy was studied from paraffin sections. It differentiates along its length into five zones. The first has thick smooth muscle and pesudostratified epithelium; the second has luminal trabeculae with an epithelium showing evidence of secretory activity; the third has the epithelial mucosa abutting against the smooth muscle in the form of pocketlike indentations; the fourth has crypts between epithelial folds; and the fifth zone is a sphincter. The anatomy of this ampullary region is indicative of secretory as well as spermatophagous roles. It undergoes seasonal change and appears to be androgen-dependent. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052250303
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Perinatal changes in avian muscle: Implications from ultrastructure for the development of endothermy (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 225 (1995), S. 357-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Endothermic heat production and the capacity to shiver develop soon after hatching in birds, permitting chicks to regulate their body temperature. Physiological studies have not clearly identified the developmental events causing this change in function. Here, we use electron microscopy to examine the development of structures involved in muscle activation, contraction, and metabolism coincident with the development of shivering thermogenesis. A stereological study was used to compare the ultrastructure of chicken iliofibularis before endothermic heat production was present (24 h before hatching) and 120 h later, when the iliofibularis had substantial capacity for shivering. Profound increases were found in the t-tubule system and terminal cisternae, mitochondrial cristae, and lipids. The number of triadic profiles increased 3.8-fold (7.6 ± 1.31/100 μm2 to 28.5 ± 2.90/100 μm2 fiber area). The surface area of cristae per mitochondrial volume doubled (12.0 ± 1.50 pm2/pm3 to 25.7 ± 1.84 μm2/μm3). Lipid droplets were rare in the iliofibularis of embryos about to hatch, but accounted for 4.4% of the muscle fiber volume in day 4 birds. We suggest that these ultrastructural changes more fully activate the iliofibularis, allow it to produce more heat both from calcium pumping and from contraction, and increase its endurance, thus permitting the muscle to be effective in thermogenesis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052250307
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 226 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052260101
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sensory receptors on the adult labial and maxillary palpi and galea of Cicindela sexguttata (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 226 (1995), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Five types of sensilla are situated on the apical area of the labial and maxillary palpi and galea of Cicidela sexguttata. Large, conical, and peg-like sensilla are in rows on the central region of each palpus. These sensilla have a hollow cuticular peg, with an apical pore and multi-innervation. This central region of palpal sensilla is surrounded by campaniform sensilla that are disc-shaped and small conical peg sensilla. A similar type of conical sensillum as the found in the palpal central region is situated around the periphery of the palpal apex and apex of the galea. This conical peg sensillum is located in a shallow depression and is structurally similar to the other peg sensilla, but it has a mechanoreceptor neuron attached to the cuticular base of the sensillum. A long, single, trichoid sensillum is situated in the center of the galea and is hollow, thick-walled, porous, and multi-innervated. The apices of the palpi and galea have a large number of dermal gland openings that actively secrete a substance during the feeding process of the tiger beetle. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052260103
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Seasonal variation in ovarian histology of the viviparous lizard Sceloporus torquatus torquatus (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 226 (1995), S. 103-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Changes in ovarian histology during the reproductive cycle of the viviparous lizard Sceloporus torquatus torquatus are described. In general, the variation in follicular histology observed during the seasonal cycle is similar to that of other lizards. Sceloporus t. torquatus exhibits a cycle in which small, previtellogenic follicles exist in the ovary from December to August. Vitellogenesis occurs between September and November, followed by ovulation from late November to early December. Parturition occurs the following spring. After ovulation, the remaining follicular cells form the corpus luteum and luteolysis did not occur until April-May. Follicular atresia is commonly observed in previtellogenic follicles with polymorphic granulosa, but occurs less frequently in follicles during late vitellogenesis. There are two germinal beds in each ovary. The yolk nucleus is evident in young oocytes as is a vacuolated ooplasma prior to vitellogenesis. Extensive polymorphism is observed in yolk platelets. Mast cells and secretory cells are observed in the thecal layer of the follicular wall as are melanocytes in the ovarian stroma. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052260107
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cytological aspects of vascular invasion by the trophoblast of Calomys callosus in hepatic tissues (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 226 (1995), S. 159-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Ectoplacental cones isolated from embryos on the seventh day of pregnancy wer transplanted beneath the hepatic capsule of recipeint adult animals to document the morphological patterns of vascular invasion by the trophoblast in the absence of the maternal environment and the influence of its peculiar vasculature. Females, and females and males of Calomys collosus, a cricetid rodent, were used, respectively, as embryo donors and recipient animals. Three to 5 days later, the grafted regions were excised and processed for light and electron microscopy. Invasion of the liver parenchyma by the trophoblast progressed along the vascular beds, associated with gradual phagocytosis of hepatic cells, greatly favoring the morphological characterization of invasive steps exhibited by the trophoblast to access the different kinds of vessels, to trespass the various vascular components and the different levels of the surrounding hepatic parenchyma. It is possible that either in utero during the establishment of embryomaternal circulation in early pregnancy or ex utero under experimental conditions, the trophblast exhibits similar vascular invasion behavior. In view of this, our findings may contribute to a better understanding of trophoblast cell migration to the maternal blood supply as well as the role of the trophoblast in the establishment of the placental circulation during pregnancy. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052260205
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A commentary on the segmental motor system of the turtle: Implications for the study of its cellular mechanisms and interactions (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 225 (1995), S. 213-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: A commentary is provided on the segmental motor system of the turtle Pseudemys (Trachemys) scripta elegans with an emphasis on neuronal, neuromuscular, and muscular mechanisms that control the development of force under normal, fatiguing, and pathophysiological conditions. For the central neuronal component of the segmental motor system, it has recently been shown that intracellular analysis of the firing properties of motoneurons and interneurons can be undertaken for relatively long periods of time in in vitro slices of the lumbosacral spinal cord of the adult turtle. In other less reduced in vitro preparations, analyses are available on complex motor behaviors generated by the isolated spinal cord. These behaviors of spinal neuronal networks are analogous in key aspects to those generated by the isolated in vivo cord, and by the cord in intact preparations. These results suggest that the neuronal components of the segmental motor system can now be studied from the cellular/molecular level of analysis in in vitro slice preparations to the systems level in conscious, freely moving animals. The in vitro approach can also be used for the analysis of cellular mechanisms in suprasegmental brain structures, which contribute to the control of voluntary movement. For the peripheral neuromuscular component of the segmental motor system, information is now available on muscle fiber types and selected aspects of sensory innervation, and it is feasible to study the mechanical and biochemical properties of motor units. As such, the turtle presents a valuable model for exploring interrelations between the neuronal and mechanical components of the segmental motor system of the generalized tetrapod. A prominent feature of these recent developments is the extent to which they have been deriven by findings that have emphasized an evolutionary conservation of motor-control mechanisms extending from ion channels, at the cellular level, to the control of multijointed movements at the systems level of analysis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052250206
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Degradation of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in soils - HPLC determination (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 18-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Best conditions suited for the extraction and trace analysis of dimethoate, malathion, methyl-parathion, carbaryl, carbendazim and carbofuran in soils, using HPLC, were established, Theis was followed by studies related to persistence of residues in different soils, Half-life and take for 95% dissipation were determined in each case, Higher Ph, moderate mosture and hihg calcium carbonate content aided degradation while organic matter increased persistence.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090104
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gas chromatographic determination of enantiomers as diastereomers following pre-column derivatization and applications to pharmacokinetic studies: A review (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The introduction of chiral chromatographic methods has revolutionized the art of separationand quantitation of chiral drugs in biological fluids. A large number of chiral derivatization reagents for various funtional grups are available commercially. Therefore, Pre-column derivation methods have become attractive and simple for the gas chromatographic assays in biologcal fluids. The intent of this article is to review the pre-column chiral derivatization reagents employed in gas chromatographic separations and analyses of enantiomers. A discussion of numerous procedures necessary to develop a quantitative gas chromatographic assay method for drug enantiomers is presented. In this regard, quantitative gas chromatographic assays based on this approach have been applied to investigate the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of several chiral drug such as fenfluramine, norfenfluramine, methylphenidate, etodolac, propranol, suprofen and methoxyphenamine.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090102
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Purification of murine immunoglobulin M from spent tissue culture supernatant by one-step gel filtration chromatography procedure (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 42-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Optimal purification of immunoglobulin M (IgM) grown as spent tissue culture supernatant can be achieved by a straightforward size-exclusion chromatography procedure. Preparative isolation of IgM was achieved by precipitation with saturated ammonium sulphate to achieve a 45% solution. IgM was then purified by gel filtration chromatography with a solution of 100 mM Tris+150 mM NaCl at pH 8. Denaturing electrophoresis and Western immunoblotting revealed two prominent bands at 80 and 25 kDa, indicative of the heavy and light chains of IgM respectively. The specific immunoreactivity of this IgM was assessed by a modified enzyme antigen capture assay. In contrast to affinity and ion-exchange chromatographies, gel filtration allows retention of IgM immunoreactivity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090109
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090201
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the quantitation of nadolol in human plasma using fluorescence detection (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 75-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A rapid and sensitive HPLC-fluorescence assay was developed and validated for the determination of nadolol, a β-blocker, in human plasma. Nadolol and the internal standard (desmethyl nadolol) were extracted from alkalinized plasma into methyl-tert.-butyl ether. The organic solvent was evaporated under nitrogen at 40°C. The residue was reconstituted in the mobile phase and injected on to a C18 silica column (25 cm × 4.6 mm i.d.) at a flow rate of 1.4 mL/min. The mobile phase was 0.05 M monobasic ammonium phosphate (pH 4.2) and acetonitrile (84:16, v/v). Fluorimetric detection was performed at excitation 230 nm and emission 330 nm. The nominal retention times were 3.3 and 4.3 min for the internal standard and nadolol, respectively. The lower limit of quantitation was 5 ng/mL and linearity (R2 ≥ 0.994) of the standard curve was demonstrated between 5 and 500 ng/mL. The analysis of quality control (QC) samples at 60, 200 and 400 ng/mL resulted in precision estimates ≤7.0% relative standard deviation (RSD) for the inter-assay and ≤6.3% RSD for intra-assay. The predicted concentrations of the QC samples deviated 〈10% from the nominal values. The extraction recovery of nadolol from human plasma was 64%. Nadolol was stable in human plasma at -20°C for at least 5 months and for at least three freeze-thaw cycles. Nadolol and the internal standard were stable in the autosampler at 5°C for at least 40 h. Overall, the assay was accurate, precise, sensitive, specific and reproducible for the analysis of nadolol in plasma. The validated assay procedure was applied to study the pharmacokinetics of nadolol after administration of single and multiple doses to human subjects.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090204
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the cholecystokinin-b antagonist, CI-988, in human and monkey plasma (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 94-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the non-peptide cholecystokinin subtype B receptor antagonist, CI-988, in human and cynomolgus monkey plasma has been developed and validated. The method involves isolation of CI-988 and internal standard by batch robotic solid phase extraction with a C18 cartridge, liquid chromatographic separation on a C18 column and quantitation by fluorescence detection. The human plasma assay is linear from 0.25 to 500 ng/mL for a 1.00-mL plasma aliquot. Assay precision for CI-988 based on human plasma quality control samples was within ±7.2% relative standard deviation with an accuracy of ±5.6% relative error. The monkey plasma assay is linear from 1.00 to 250 ng/mL for a 0.500-mL plasma aliquot. Assay precision based on monkey plasma quality control samples was within ±11.0% relative standard deviation with an accuracy of ±2.6% relative error.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090208
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of fullerenes with tetrahydrofuran-water as a mobile phase and sensitive ultraviolet or electrochemical detection (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 110-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Fullerenes (C60 and C70) were separated on a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography column with a mobile phase of tetrahydrofuran-water (70:30, v/v) and detected with ultraviolet or electrochemical detection. A baseline resolution of C60 and C70 was achieved with a capacity factor values of 7.6 and 10.8 respectively and a resolution of 3.7. The detection limit for C60 was 0.1 pmol on column and was nearly the same for both detection methods.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090212
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation and characterization of new porphyrin metabolites in human porphyria cutanea tarda and in rats treated with hexachlorobenzene by HPTLC, HPLC and liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 113-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Porphyrin metabolisms in human porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) and in rats treated with hexachlorobenzene (HCB) have been studied in detail by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS). The analyses of porphyrin metabolites in the urine, faeces and liver biopsies of patients with PCT have shown that apart from uroporphyrin I and III and their expected decarboxylation intermediates and products, a complex mixture of many other porphyrins are present. The new porphyrins identified are: meso-hydroxyuroporphyrin III, β-hydroxypropionic acid uroporphyrin III, hydroxyacetic acid uroporphyrin III, peroxyacetic acid uroporphyrin III, β-hydroxypropionic acid heptacarboxylic acid porphyrin III, hydroxyacetic acid heptacarboxylic porphyrin III and peroxyacetic acid pentacarboxylic porphyrin III.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090302
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use of liquid chromatography for the determination of interactions between bioactive compounds (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Molecular interactions can be easily determined both by thin-layer and high performance liquid chromatography. The theory and practice of the determination of molecular interactions and the various methods for the calculation of complex stability are presented. Examples of the applications of liquid chromatographic methods for the measurements of molecular interactions are also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090402
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of free fatty acids in blood, tagged with 4-(2-carbazoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-7-(N, N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-2, 1, 3-benzoxadiazole, by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 162-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Tagging reagent ; pre-column derivatization ; free fatty acid in rat serum and human plasma ; fluorescence detection ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The free fatty acids in blood were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column tagging with 4-(2-carbazoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-7-(N,N-dimethylaminosulphonyl)-2, 1, 3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-ProCZ). The tagging conditions were optimized with palmitic acid (C16:0) and linoleic acid (C18:2) as representative free fatty acids, saturated and unsaturated, respectively. Under the mild reaction conditions of room temperature for 90 min in dimethylformamide (DMF) containing 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC, 0.2 M)/pyridine (2%), all the fatty acids tested were tagged with the DBD-ProCZ to produce highly fluorescent derivatives which emit light at 550 nm (excitation at 450 nm). The fluorescence wavelenghts were essentially the same for all fatty acids, whereas the intensities were different for individual fatty acids. The derivatives obtained from ten free fatty acids were completely separated by reversedphase chromatography with two isocratic elution conditions. The on-column detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) with proposed HPLC separation and fluorescence detection is in the range of 19 (palmitic acid) -176 fmol (palmitoleic acid). The free fatty acids in rat serum and human plasma were successfully determined using the present method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090403
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Availabilty of phenylisothiocyanate for the amino acid sequence/configuration determination of peptides containing D/L-amino acids (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 195-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Phenylisothiocyanate ; PITC ; D/L-amino acid sequence ; peptide containing D-amino acid ; HPLC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A potential use for phenylisothiocyanate (PITC), the most popular Edman reagent, is presented for analysis of the amino acid sequence and configuration in peptides containing D/L-amino acids. After derivatization with PITC of the N-terminal amino acid (L-Tyr) of an enkephalin analogue, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin, followed by cleavage/cyclization with trifluoroacetic acid at 50°C for 5 min, the liberated 2-anilino-5-thiazolinone-L-Tyr (ATZ-L-Tyr) was further treated with 20% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid at 50°C for 10 min. The resultant phenylthiohydantoin (PTH)-L-Tyr was then separated on a chiral stationary phase (a penylcarbamoylated cyclodextrin column), retaining its configuration. The residual sequence and configurations of the peptide (D-Ala-Gly-L-Phe-D-Leu) were also determined by separating the corresponding PTH-D- or L-amino acids on chiral columns. This method may be applicable to an automatic Edman sequence analyzer for the configuration determination of peptides containing D/L-amino acids.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090410
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection of ebiratide using 4-(N, N-dimethylamino-sulphonyl)-7-fluoro-2, 1, 3-benzoxadiazole as a fluorogenic reagent (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 216-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with fluorescence detection has been developed and applied to the determination of ACTH4-9 analogue (ebiratide), 4-(N,N-Dimethylamino-sulphonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-F) was used as a fluorogenic labelling reagent.Ebiratide in 0.1 m borate buffer (pH 9.0) was reacted with DBD-F in acetonitrile solution at 50°C for 30 min. After cooling, the mixture was seperated by a reversed-phase HPLC. Then DBD-ebiratide was monitored at 580 nm with the excitation at 440 nm. The calibration curve was liner up to 10 pmol on column (r=0.999) with the detection limit of 0.25 pmol (signal-to-noise=3).
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090505
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simultaneous determination of nadolol enantiomers in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography using fluorescence-detection (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 140-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay is described for the separation and quantification of nadolol isomers in human plasma. The isomers were quantified using reverse-phase HPLC and fluorometric detection after derivatization with the chiral reagent R(-)-1-(naphthyl)ethylisocyanate [R(-)-NEI]. The N-isopropyl analogue (one isomer) of nadolol was used as the internal standard. The method was reproducible based on precision studies where the percent relative standard deviation was less than 15%. The lower limit of quantitation for each isomer was 2.5 ng/mL. This method was used to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of nadolol isomers in human subjects following both single and multiple oral dosing.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090306
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of salicylic acid in plasma by gas chromatogrphy using steam as carrier gas (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 155-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A gas Chromatogrphy method using steam as the carrier gas was established for the determination of salicylic acid in plasma. A 0.5 mL plasma sample was mixed with 0.5 mL of 6N HCl and then extracted with 2 mL of dichloromethane. The dichloromethane was evaporated to dryness and the residue was redissolved in 0.5 mL of water and then analysed by gas Chromatogrphy using steam as the carrying gas. The result was calculated by external standardization.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090310
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    TLC characterization of liposomes containing D-myo-inositol derivatives (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 175-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) behaviour of liposomes containig inositol phosphates (IPs) was studied. The liposomes contained different concentrations of D-myo-inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3), D-myo-inositol 1, 2, 6-trisphosphate (α-trinositol, PP 56, a novel Perstorp Pharma derivative), D-myo-inositol 1, 3, 4, 5-tetrakisphosphate (IP4), D-myo-inositol 1, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentakisphosphate (IP5) and D-myo-inositol 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexakisphosphate (IP6). Migration of all liposome batches was compared to that of control liposomes (containing only triple-distilled water), and to that of free phosphatidylcholine (PC); the same amount of lipid was used in all situations.Thin-layer chromatography was performed on silica gel as adsorbent. As solvent we used an n-buthanol: ethanol: water mixture in a 4:3:3 volume ratio. Significant differences were found between PC and all liposome batches, as well as between control liposomes and the ones containing IP3, α-trinositol, IP4, or IP5, in various concentrations. Liposomes containing IP6 migrate completely differently compared not only to phosphatidylcholine and control liposomes, but also to the ones containing other IPs (〈10-3 M). Unlike the other IPs studied, liposome-entrapped IP6 elicits dose-independent contractions of the isolated rat aorta. This suggests that liposomes loaded with IP6 undergo, during or after their preparation, physico-chemical alterations that eventually change their drug-delivery capacity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090405
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Announcement (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090411
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optimization of enantiomeric separations for basic compounds in capillary zone electrophoresis using neutral and anionic cyclodextrins as chiral selectors (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 265-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090609
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microcolumn liquid chromatography of macromolecules in the critical mode (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 273-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090613
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of nitroimidazole residues in poultry tissues, serum and eggs by high-performance liquid chromatography (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 238-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for determination of dimetridazole and metronidazole residues in poultry muscle, liver, serum and eggs. The drug residues were extracted from tissues and egg samples with acetonitrile followed by solid-phase extraction clean-up and HPLC analysis with photodiode array detector. Serum samples were treated with trichloroacetic acid, centrifuged and analysed without further clean-up. The detection limits were 2 ng/g and 5 ng/mL of analysed tissue (egg) and serum samples, respectively. Average recoveries for spike levels of 10 and 20 ng/g ranged from 82 to 94%, and coefficients of variation were below 10%.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090510
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    One day conference on miniaturization in liquid chromatography versus capillary electrophoresis (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 9 (1995), S. 249-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130090602
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