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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (258)
  • 1985-1989  (258)
  • 1988  (258)
  • Genetics  (147)
  • Biochemistry
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The locus ceruleus: a possible neural focus for genetic differences in emotionality (1988)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 491-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Genetics ; stress ; emotionality ; locus ceruleus ; Maudsley strains
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Maudsley Reactive and Non-Reactive strains have been developed as a model for the study of individual variations in stress-reactivity, and many differences in biobehavioral systems have been found between them. This review discusses limitations of the ‘emotionality’ construct in accounting for differences between the Maudsley strains and offers an alternative, theoretical approach. Amaral and Sinnamon have proposed that the locus ceruleus (LC) plays a stress-attenuating role in mediating behavioral, physiological and neuroendocrine response to prepotent, emergency-provoking stimuli and, building upon this formulation, it is proposed that the LC has been an important focus for gene action in the Maudsley model. It is suggested that the LC of the Non-Reactive strain is more strongly activated by stressful stimuli than the LC of Reactive rats, and is the basis of many of the behavioral and physiological differences between them. Behavioral and biochemical evidence consistent with this proposition is reviewed. Identification of the LC as a target for gene-action in the Maudsley model has an important advantage. It substitutes variations at a specific anatomic location in the brain for a loosely defined construct like emotionality, and the hypothesis is amenable to empirical tests by a variety of experimental approaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01958923
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-responsiveness to hepatitis-B vaccination: Revaccination and immunogenetic typing (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 670-674 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Genetics ; Hepatitis-B virus ; Immunogenetics ; Vaccination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The variation in immune responses to standard inoculation of the hepatitis-B virus vaccine suggest that host factors influence response in ways that are not presently understood. We studied 25 low/nonresponding health care workers (anti-HBs titer 〈50 IU/l) after the third inoculation of an experimental hepatitis-B vaccine to determine their immune status (through lymphocyte phenotypes) and HLA type. After application of a fourth inoculation, the seroconverting subjects showed only low anti-HBs levels; three male subjects remained anti-HBs negative. Twelve months after the fourth inoculation only 9 of 25 subjects (36%) maintained anti-HBs titer 〉10 IU/l. Almost all subjects had normal B-cell and CD-4 and CD-8 counts and ratios. Relative to other European populations HLA-A-10 (P〈0.05), B-12 (P〈0.025), CW-5 (P〈0.05), DR-3 (P〈0.025), and DR-5 (P〈0.025) were increased, whereas DR-2 (P〈0.05) was decreased. However, after correction of theP-values for the number of HLA antigens determined, these differences were no longer significant. Furthermore, these HLA types were not the same as those reported in other studies (except for DR-3). We suggest that larger sample sizes or even not yet available immunogenetic markers will be required to prove an “immunogenetic background” in low/nonresponders, if it exists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01726924
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus new genetics for old nightmares (1988)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 407-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Genetics ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes ; linkage analysis ; restriction fragment length polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the last five years, genetic markers for a large number of diseases have been localised using linkage analysis of DNA polymorphisms in affected families. The site of the genetic defect or defects leading to Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, a common illness with a major genetic component, remains unknown. This is due, at least in part, to the lack of large well-defined Type 2 diabetic pedigrees suitable for linkage analysis. There are several features of the disease which make large pedigrees difficult to find. The late age of onset of most probands means that informative older generations are often dead, while there is difficulty in detecting disease in younger generations. The diagnostic criteria for diabetes are, as yet, dependent on an arbitrary cut-off along a continuum of plasma glucose. The high prevalence of the disease may also produce problems as, in any given family, diabetogenic genes may be contributed by more than one parent. Varieties of the disease with a well-defined inheritance, such as maturity onset diabetes of youth, are more suitable for linkage analysis but might be due to defects at a different gene locus. Despite these difficulties, once large well-defined pedigrees have been found, linkage analysis using both candidate genes and random highly polymorphic markers is the strategy most likely to find genetic markers for the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271584
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage analysis of the human insulin receptor gene in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic families and a family with maturity onset diabetes of the young (1988)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 792-797 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Genetics ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes ; insulin receptor ; linkage analysis ; maturity onset diabetes of the young
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility of linkage between the human insulin receptor gene locus and diabetes was examined in three Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic families and one family with maturity onset diabetes of the young. Insulin receptor gene haplotypes were established using BglII, Rsal and Sstl restriction enzyme digests of genomic DNA from all available family members. The digested DNA was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, Southern blotted, and hybridised to 32P-labelled human insulin receptor gene cDNA. In the pedigree with maturity onset diabetes of the young, formal linkage analysis allowed exclusion of close linkage between the insulin receptor locus and diabetes (logarithm of the odds for linkage versus non-linkage was −5.35 at recombination fraction of 0.01). This confirms the absence of linkage between insulin receptor and diabetes which has been reported in two similar pedigrees. In the three Type 2 diabetic families there were a minimum of 4 recombinants between the insulin receptor locus and diabetes, which makes a direct role for insulin receptor defects unlikely. The importance of using realistic estimates of penetrance when performing linkage analysis in a disease with a late age of onset is emphasised. In contrast to the one previous linkage analysis study of the insulin receptor gene, no specific association of diabetes with the rare Sstl Sl(-) allele was observed in either the maturity onset diabetes of the young or the Type 2 diabetic families.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00277479
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal lesions in Cockayne syndrome (1988)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 2 (1988), S. 239-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Cockayne syndrome ; Renal histology ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two siblings with typical features of the Cockayne syndrome were studied at autopsy. Many glomeruli revealed a paucity of capillary loops and had thickened capillary walls. Some glomeruli with advanced lesions showed collapse of the glomerular tufts or complete hyalinization. Atrophy of tubules and interstitial fibrosis were also observed. There were no significant arteriosclerotic changes in the vessels. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated thickened glomerular basement membranes with bends and folds. These histopathological findings are different to those previously reported with the exception of the 1966 report by Ohno and Hirooka.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00862599
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple Pterygium Syndrome type Escobar in two brothers Follow-up data from childhood to adulthood (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 147 (1988), S. 550-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Pterygium syndrome ; Congenital malformations ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present two brothers with Multiple Pterygium Syndrome type Escobar. Characteristic findings in this autosomal recessively inherited pterygium syndrome are, in addition to multiple pterygia, short stature, cleft palate, vertebral fusion defects and minor facial anomalies. The adult height in the two male siblings was below the third centile. Secondary sexual development and testicular size were normal, in contrast with the cryptorchidism and pubertal delay documented in most young patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441989
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concordant gilles de la tourette's syndrome in monozygotic twins: a clinical, neurophysiological and CT study (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 235 (1988), S. 366-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome ; Twin study ; Computed tomography ; Clinical neurophysiology ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 19-year-old male twin pair were concordant for suffering from Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome in different forms and severity. CT revealed ventricular asymmetries of varying degree within the normal range and there were no neurophysiological abnormalities. The interrelationship of genetic and environmental factors in phenotyping the syndrome is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314235
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contributions of taste factors and gender to opioid preference in C57BL and DBA mice (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 95 (1988), S. 237-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Morphine ; Etonitazene ; Genetics ; Mice ; Taste ; Saccharine ; Gender
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mouse strains have been characterized as morphine preferrers and avoiders, respectively (Horowitz et al. 1977). Previously, sweetened morphine solutions were presented with a water alternative, primarily with male subjects. Because sweetness may affect the endogenous opioid system and rodents have shown strain and sex differences in taste preferences, this study looked for strain- and gender-related taste preferences that might have affected opiate consumption. Preference for sweetened and unsweetened morphine and etonitazene was compared across gender and strain. In all choice tests, the control was a similar tasting quinine sulphate solution. Under these conditions, C57BL/6J mice continued to show strong preference for morphine. However, DBA/2J mice drank approximately equal amounts of morphine and quinine solutions, rather than avoiding morphine as when water was the alternative. Both strains appeared surprisingly indifferent to the synthetic opioid etonitazene, compared because it is potent at concentrations having barely perceptible bitterness. This raises the possibility of unexpected differences in post-ingestional effects between morphine and etonitazene. Contrary to reports of gender differences in sweet preference in rats, none were found in either strain of mouse. Neither were there any significant sex differences in opiate preference in either strain. C57 mice preferred sweetness more than did DBA mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174516
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lithium attenuates clonidine-induced hypoactivity: further studies in inbred mouse strains (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 94 (1988), S. 428-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Lithium ; Clonidine ; alpha2-Adrenoceptor ; Locomotor activity ; Genetics ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four strains of mice (C57, BALB, DBA, C3H) were used to determine whether genetic factors influence the effects of lithium on hypoactivity induced by a low dose of the alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine (0.2 mg/kg). Lithium was administered in the diet for 3–4 weeks at a dosage that produced average serum lithium levels of 0.58–0.66 mmol/l. Locomotor activity was reduced by either clonidine or by lithium given alone. When combined, however, lithium attenuated the activity-suppressant effects of clonidine, and that action was influenced by genetic factors. The findings suggest that genetic differences in alpha2-adrenoceptors play a role in behavioural effects of lithium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174702
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental variables differentially affect ethanol-stimulated activity in selectively bred mouse lines (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 95 (1988), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Selective breeding ; Mouse ; Ethanol-stimulated activity ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Low doses of ethanol (EtOH) stimulate activity in an open field in many strains of laboratory mice. We are selectively breeding two lines of mice to exhibit a large (FAST) response on this test, and two other lines to exhibit a small (SLOW) response (Crabbe et al. 1987). The lines initially diverged in response to EtOH, but despite continued selection pressure, the difference between each pair of FAST and SLOW lines has not increased over generations as much as expected. Our practice has been to test animals on the 1st day after saline injection, and repeat the test after EtOH injection 24 h later. Lister (1987) recently demonstrated that the order in which an animal was exposed to EtOH and saline influenced the magnitude of the response to EtOH, with animals tested initially after EtOH having greater stimulation. Middaugh et al. (1987) recently demonstrated that the magnitude of EtOH stimulation was greater under conditions of relatively bright light than under dim light. Using non-selected Swiss mice, the current experiments essentially confirmed Lister's findings. Using FAST and SLOW mice, the predictions of both groups were tested. Both hypotheses were confirmed. Additionally, these experiments demonstrated that the magnitude of the difference between FAST and SLOW mice was greater under bright light than under dim light. The line difference was also greater when tested in the EtOH-Saline order. In experiments with Swiss mice, the possible role of peritoneal irritation in the EtOH effect was eliminated, and the optimal dose and time for demonstrating the effect was determined. These experiments confirm the importance of lighting condition, order of testing, dose, and route of administration in eliciting EtOH-stimulated open field activity in mice. They demonstrate a genotype-environment interaction, since the magnitude of difference between genetically selected lines varied as a function of the testing parameters chosen. Finally, they indicate that the differences between FAST and SLOW lines in sensitivity to EtOH generalizes to several environmental conditions. We interpret this to mean that the various EtOH-induced activation traits represented by these different environmental and testing conditions are genetically correlated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212776
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The within-pair EEG similarity of twins reared apart (1988)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 237 (1988), S. 244-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: EEG ; Genetics ; MZ/DZ twins reared apart ; Within-pair similarity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Within the broader context of our investigations into the heredity of the human EEG, we analysed the EEGs of 28 pairs of monozygotic and 21 pairs of dizygotic twins who were separated as infants and reared apart. The principal goal of this study was to determine the degree to which environmental factors possibly influence the development of a person's EEG. Monozygotic twins reared apart were, with respect to their EEGs, only slightly less similar to each other (if there is any difference at all) than the same person is to himself over time. For dizygotic twins reared apart, we verified the findings of our previous study, namely, that the average within-pair similarity of EEGs estimated from a sufficiently representative sample of fraternal twins was significantly higher than the average inter-individual similarity of EEGs obtained from unrelated persons. The results on both monozygotic and dizygotic twins, yielded conclusive proof that the individual EEG pattern is predominantly determined by hereditary factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00449914
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A clinical, epidemiological and genetic study of hereditary motor neuropathies in Benghazi, Libya (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 235 (1988), S. 422-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Epidemiology ; Genetics ; Hereditary motor neuropathy ; Spinal muscular atrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 4-year-search for spinal muscular atrophies (hereditary motor neuropathies, HMN) in Benghazi, Libya, yielded a total of 24 patients, among whom 18 were index cases. This group comprised 6 acute infantile, 12 chronic childhood, and 3 each with adult-onset proximal, and distal forms of the disorder. Distal HMN constituted 12.5% of the total cases. The crude average annual incidence of acute infantile HMN was 0.3/100,000 total population and 1/12,500 births in Benghazi. The crude prevalence rates of chronic childhood, adult-onset proximal, and distal types of HMN were 2.3, 0.6, and 0.6/100,000 respectively. The segregation ratios, 0.26 for acute infantile HMN and 0.24 for chronic childhood HMN, suggested autosomal recessive inheritance. The consanguinity rates among parents of cases and the population did not differ significantly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314486
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restriction fragment length polymorphisms as genetic markers in soybean, Glycine max (L.) merrill (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1988), S. 889-901 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Soybean ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Genetics ; Allele ; Variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP) have been identified between widely distant cultivars (‘Minsoy’ and ‘Noir 1 ’) of soybean Glycine max (L.) Merrill. Using as probes randomly chosen clones of DNA, one in five probes revealed a polymorphism. More than half of these polymorphisms appear to result from rearrangements of the genomic DNA. Twenty seven markers were analyzed for linkage in F2 plants. Eleven of these markers were contained in four linkage groups. Five cultivars were compared in a search for new alleles. When RFLP markers corresponding to low copy DNA were used to analyze three other cultivars — ‘Sooty’, ‘Forrest’ and ‘Mandarin (Ottawa)’ — few new alleles were found. Using these probes, five different markers could be used to differentiate the five cultivars. Complex probes, which correspond to repeated DNA, revealed different polymorphisms in different cultivars and a single such probe could be used to distinguish the five cultivars from each other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00258050
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical correlates of selection for weight-for-age in chickens: twenty-fold higher muscle ornithine decarboxylase levels in modern broilers (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1988), S. 432-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Ornithine decarboxylase ; Chicken ; Muscle ; Genetics ; Growth differences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Little is known about the biochemical correlates of selection for growth in farm or laboratory animals, or the identity of the gene products affected or produced by ‘trait-genes’. Modern broiler chickens have about 8-fold greater breast muscle mass than layer chickens at 7 weeks of age and over 2-fold greater breast muscle mass than their 1972 counterparts. This increase in muscle mass is associated with over 20-fold higher levels of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in broiler chickens at 1 week of age as compared with layer strain chickens; there is a comparable increase in a relaxed-selection strain of broilers. The increase in ODC levels is larger than the differences in muscle or body weight between broilers and layers at 7 weeks of age, occurs at an age when there is no difference in weights between the strains and precedes the major growth spurt. Increases in ODC levels and hence polyamine synthesis have been associated with, and usually precede, rapid growth and cell proliferation in a wide range of cell types and organisms in response to many different stimuli. Therefore, the correlation of ODC levels with genetic differences in muscle growth make it worth investigating the control of ODC gene expression in these strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276746
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in kafirin and alcohol-soluble glutelin chromatograms of sorghum inbred lines revealed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 97-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Taxonomy ; Germplasm identification ; Varietal identity ; Environmental interaction ; Genetics ; Multivariate analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Separations of kafirin and alcohol soluble glutelin proteins by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) from 7 inbreds and one hybrid of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and one source of Johnsongrass [Sorghum halapense (L.) Pers.] were compared. Objectives were to assess the stability of protein profiles for seed sources produced at different locations and in different environments to examine the potential of RP-HPLC to provide genotypic profiles for sorghum. Analyses of variance data showed that levels of variation due to environments and locations were small; the majority of variation (93%) was among genotypes. Associations among inbreds revealed by multivariate and cluster analysis showed similarity with those that would be expected on the basis of pedigree. A chi-square analysis showed no deviation in the hybrid profile from the expected 2∶1 ratio of peaks from the female and male inbred parents, respectively. Improvements in the ability to correctly assign common peaks are necessary before associations among numerous sorghum genotypes can be reliably demonstrated by analysis of data from reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288838
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic control of maternal haploidy in maize (Zea mays L.) and selection of haploid inducing lines (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 405-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Zea mays ; Haploid induction ; Gynogenesis ; Genetics ; Inducer line
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effect of genotype on maternal haploid plant production in maize was studied. The frequency of gynogenetic plants when “Stock 6” was used as pollinator varied according to the female parent genotype. No simple relation was observed between genotypic aptitudes for gynogenetic and androgenetic development, which occured after pollination of “W23” plant carrying the “indeterminate gametophyte” gene. Furthermore, the population NS, a favorably responsive genotype to anther culture, does not exhibit exceptional ability for in vivo gynogenesis. The effect of inbreeding and the influence of maternal haploid origin suggest that specific genes control maternal haploid initiation and development. However, gynogenetic development is not limited to a particular genotype. The frequency of maternal haploids may be increased by using specific pollen parents. Attempts were made to select for a high haploidyinducing trait and the present study reports the successful development of lines that can be utilized as pollen parents to induce haploids for experimental purposes and breeding programmes. When an inbred line “WS14”, derived from the cross W23 x Stock 6, was used as pollen parent, 2%–5% maternal haploids were obtained according to the female parent genotype. A high haploidy-inducing potential is a heritable trait and may be controlled by a limited number of genes. Genetic determination of the haploidy-inducing character was examined in relation to the efficiency of the selecting method and the mechanisms involved in the origin of maternal haploids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265341
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of nitrate reductase deficient mutants of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia: Evidence for six complementation groups among 70 classified molybdenum cofactor deficient mutants (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 213 (1988), S. 206-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Nicotiana plumbaginifolia ; Nitrate reductase ; Genetics ; Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A total of 70 cnx mutants have been characterized from a collection of 211 nitrate reductase deficient (NR-) mutants isolated from mutagenized Nicotiana plumbaginifolia protoplast cultures after chlorate selection and regeneration into plants. They are presumed to be affected in the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor since they are also deficient for xanthine dehydrogenase activity but contain NR apoenzyme. The remaining clones were classified as nia mutants. Sexual crosses performed between cnx mutants allowed them to be classified into six independent complementation groups. Mutants representative of these complementation groups were used for somatic hybridization experiments with the already characterized N. plumbaginifolia mutants NX1, NX24, NX23 and CNX103 belonging to the complementation groups cnxA, B, C and D respectively. On the basis of genetic analysis and somatic hybridization experiments, two new complementation groups, cnxE and F, not previously described in higher plants, were characterized. Unphysiologically high levels of molybdate can restore the NR activity of cnxA mutant seedlings in vivo, but cannot restore NR activity to any mutant from the other cnx complementation groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339583
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human-type ABO blood groups as genetic markers for the management of a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) breeding colony (1988)
    Springer
    Primates 29 (1988), S. 287-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Saimiri ; Human-type ABO blood groups ; Genetics ; Colony management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The human-type ABO blood groups were determined for 94 families of the squirrel monkey which included 151 animals. Four phenotypes of ABO blood groups (A, B, AB, and O) were detected. Family analysis revealed that the human-type ABO blood groups in this species were governed by three alleles, codominantA andB and silentO. There were intraspecific differences in the distribution of phenotypes and gene frequency among three populations imported by different routes at different times. The usefulness of ABO blood groups for defining the genetic variability of a squirrel monkey breeding colony through successive generations is discussed on the basis of the difference in distribution of ABO blood groups between wild-originated parental and its first colony-born populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381130
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drosophila genes encoding maternal-specific and maternal-differential RNAs (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 23-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: maternal-specific transcripts ; genomic clones ; developmental RNA expression ; in situ chromosomal localization ; embryogenesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The unique cellular and genetic events which occur during the first few hours of Drosophila embryogenesis suggest that there are genes whose function is entirely or largely limited to this stage; this is supported by both genetic and molecular evidence. To identify some of these genes and characterize the relative contribution of specifically maternal and specifically zygotic transcription to early embryogenesis, we used competition and differential screening of a Drosophila genomic DNA library to obtain blastoderm- and maternal-differential sequences [Roark et al.: Dev Biol 109:476-488, 1985]. We describe here the Eco RI restriction fragments, chromosomal location, and size and developmental pattern of expression of the RNAs transcribed from 19 maternal-differential sequences. Five sequences encode maternal-specific transcripts (50-150-fold more abundant in maternal RNA than at any other stage). The maternal-specific and maternal-differential sequences are located at single sites on all major chromosome arms. Comparison of these sites with the sites of presently mapped maternal-effect genes shows several possible correlations, including one region containing three maternal-effect lethal mutations and two maternalspecific sequences.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090104
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  • 20
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    A genetic switch: Gene control and phage λ. Edited by Mark Ptashne. Cambridge, England: Cell Press; and Palo Alto, CA: Blackwell Press, 1986, 128 pp (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 69-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090107
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  • 21
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    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090301
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
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    Molecular genetics of self-incompatibility in flowering plants (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090102
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  • 23
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    Structural and biochemical studies on four sex-linked chorion mutants of Drosophila melanogaster (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 37-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: eggshell ; female sterile mutant ; endochorion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Four female-sterile mutants, fs(l)K451, fs(1)K1214, fs(1)K575TS, and fs(1)384, were studied in terms of chorion structure and chorion protein composition. The first three of these mutants cause morphological defects, ie, substantial underproduction and disruption of the endochorion, correlated with underproduction of the six major chorion proteins, s15-s38; the phenotypes are consistent with the observation that these mutants interfere with amplification of the major chorion genes that encode the s15-s38 proteins [Orr et al.: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:3773-3777, 1984; Komitopoulou et al.: Dev Genet 7:75-80, 1986]. The fourth mutant, fs(1)384, and its alleles do not interfere with production of the major chorion proteins and the morphologically detectable bulk of the endochorion but lead to failure of endochorionic organization. Apparently this complementation group is responsible for a minor chorion product, which is evidently important morphogenetically and which is processed posttranslationally in a complex manner [Bauer and Waring: Dev Biol 121:349-358, 1987].
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090105
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiplicity of functions for the otu gene products during Drosophila oogenesis (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 91-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: actin filament bundles ; ethyl methane sulfonate ; female sterile mutants ; in terallelic complementation ; oocyte determination ; ovarian tumor genes ; phenocritical thresholds ; polyfusomes ; polytene nurse cell chromosomes ; polytrophic meroistic ovaries ; pseudonurse cells ; Q-T-P-O values ; rhodaminyl phalloidin ; temperature-sensitive mutants ; transformed oocytes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The ovarian tumor gene behaves as if it encodes a product (OGP), which is required durirng several early steps in the transformation of oogonia into functional oocytes. Seventeen ethyl methane sulfonate-induced mutations have been studied, and their mutant phenotypes can be explained as graded responses by individual germ cells to different levels of OGP synthesized by the mutant germ cells themselves. The lowest and highest levels of OGP appear to be produced by otu10 and otu14, respectively. The 15 mutants with intermediate OGP levels are temperature sensitive; subnormal temperatures improve ovarian development, while above-normal temperatures suppress it. A subgroup ofthese mutants are unable to form a system of actin microfilament bundles in the cortical cytoplasm of their nurse cells during stage 10B, and these defective nurse cells are unable to transport their cytoplasm to the oocyte, as normally happens between stages 10B and 12. In addition to its role in the actin-mediated transport of nurse cell cytoplasm, OGP also appears to alter the morphology of giant polytene chromosomes, which form as the nurse cells undergo endocycles of DNA replication. Genetic evidence suggests that otu also encodes a second product (SP) that is utilized late in oogenesis. SP is required for the synthesis in the ooplasm of glycogen-rich, beta yolk spheres. Products of the otu gene also play a vital but unknown role in embryogenesis.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090203
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
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    Anemia in a line of transgenic mice carrying a mutant dihydrofolate reductase gene (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 181-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: cell interactions ; hematopoiesis ; mutagenesis ; SV40 ; fetal liver ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Several lines of transgenic mice were produced by pronuclear injection of a full-length cDNA encoding a mutant dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR, E.C. 1.5.1.3). The mutation causes altered enzyme kinetics for folate reduction as well as low affinity for methotrexate (MTX). One line of mice carrying the plasmid displays a moderate-to-severe anemia that is evident in fetuses and newborn mice and that moderates with age. RNA studies revealed high levels of transcription of the mutant gene in the fetal and adult liver, and low or absent expression in adult bone marrow. Transcription of the mutant gene was not found in the fetal liver of other pedigrees examined. The data thus suggest that expression of this mutant gene in the main hematopoietic organ of the fetus adversely affects erythropoiesis by altering the cellular environment for erythroid differentiation, and that translocation of the site of hematopoiesis to bone marrow, where the foreign gene is not expressed, leads to normalization of red cell production.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090304
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  • 26
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    Announcement (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 213-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090307
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
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    Euchromatic inversions causing mosaic gene expression in Drosophila hydei: A study of forked and Zebra (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 683-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: variegation ; bristles ; pigmentation ; patterns ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In D. hydei two new mutants, In(1)f3 and IN(5)Z, show obvious mosaic gene expression. Their phenotypic expression is susceptible to the breeding temperature and to the addition of a supernumerary Y chromosome to the chromosome set. In this respect the mutants resemble standard cases of position-effect variegation based on the action of heterochromatin. However, since neither centromeric nor sex chromosomal heterochromatin apparently are involved, the mutations point to a new type of variegation provoked by euchromatic sections. The mosaic patterns of these mutants, in particular those of In(1)f3, will be described.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090602
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  • 28
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    Age-dependent variation for inducibility of metallothionein genes in mouse liver by cadmium (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 13-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: ontogeny ; lethality ; gene expression ; mRNA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cadmium is a toxic metal that induces the expression of metallothionein genes in many tissues and that binds avidly to metallothionein, a soluble transition metal binding protein. The present study examined the temporal pattern and magnitude of accumulation of metallothionein mRNA in liver of C57BL/6J mice of various ages treated with cadmium. In adult female mice, accumulation was dependent on the dosage level of cadmium and related to the concentration of this metal in liver. The accumulation of metallothionein mRNA in liver depended on age at exposure to cadmium. Intraperitoneal administration of 2 mg of cadmium per kg provoked small increases (two- to threefold) in levels of metallothionein mRNA in livers of 7- and 14-day-old mice. In contrast, cadmium treatment of 28- and 56-day-old mice resulted in 12- to 19-fold increases in levels of metallothionein mRNA in liver with maximum increases occurring 3 to 4 hr after treatment. Because similar patterns for the accumulation of cadmium of liver were found in 7-, 28-, and 56-day-old mice, observed age-dependent differences in induction of metallothionein mRNA in liver were probably not due to differences in the accumulation of cadmium in this organ. Taken together, these data suggest that tissue-specific factors controlling the expression of metallothionein genes may account for developmental variation in the inducibility of these genes by cadmium. Ontogenic variation in accumulation of metallothionein mRNA after cadmium treatment may be a factor in developmental variation in the acute lethality of cadmium in C57BL/6J mice.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090103
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  • 29
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    Genetic analysis of somatic embryogenesis in carrot cell culture: Initial characterization of six classes of temperature-sensitive variants (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 49-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Daucus carota ; auxin ; gene expression ; mutant ; filtration-enrichment procedure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cell cultures of the carrot Daucus carota are a useful experimental system for studying the genetic regulation of plant embryogenesis. A modified filtration-enrichment procedure was used to isolate 21 temperature-sensitive variants in somatic embryogenesis; the variants display normal embryo development at the permissive temperature (24°C) and altered development at the restrictive temperature (33°C). Temperature-shift experiments were performed on these variants to determine the timing of gene action for the putative temperature-sensitive alleles. According to their phenotypes at the restrictive temperature, these variants can be divided into six classes: No Growth, Callus Proliferation, Globularstage Block, Oblong-stage Block, Lateral Growth, and Root Formation. Although many variants exhibit lengthy temperature-sensitive periods, the temperature sensitivity of some variants is restricted to one or two embryonic stages. These results plus those in the literature are incorporated into a preliminary model concerning the genetic regulation of carrot embryogenesis.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090106
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090201
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  • 31
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    Investigation of the tissue specificity of the lethal yellow (Ay) gene in mouse embryos (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 155-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: embryonic lethal ; agouti locus ; trophectoderm ; inner cell mass ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The tissue specificity of the lethal yellow mutant was investigated by separation of blastocyst tissues. Embryos from experimental (Ay/ae × Ay/ae) and control (ae/ae × Ay/ae) crosses of the AG/CamPa inbred strain were recovered at 3.5 days post coitum, cultured for 24 hours, and then mechanically dissected into the component tissues of the blastocyst, the inner cell mass (ICM), and trophectoderm. These fragments were then cultured separately, with or without a feeder layer of inactivated fibroblasts, for an additional 3-5 days. Comparisons between experimental and control crosses indicated that the lethal Ay/Ay embryos were among the blastocysts successfully dissected but that both the ICM and trophectoderm from lethal embryos failed to develop further in vitro, eithal with or without feeders.With retrospective identification of the lethal embryos, it was found that at 4.5 days, after 1 day of culture, they had formed morphologically normal blastocysts but were frequently more fragile upon dissection and had smaller ICMs. Although none had hatched from the zona pellucida, some had ruptured it and were halfway out. With culture, lethal ICMs showed no development, and lethal trophectoderm usually attached but showed very limited outgrowth. Thus, no rescue of lethal tissue was shown with dissection and in vitro culture, and results are consistent with the gene affecting both tissues of the late blastocyst.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090302
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
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    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090601
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  • 33
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    Identification and expression of the gap segmentation gene hunchback in drosophila melanogaster (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 715-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Regulator of postbithorax ; homeosis ; pattern formation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Genetic analysis has shown that the gap segmentation gene hunchback (hb) is a member of the genetic hierarchy involved in pattern formation in Drosophila. To identify the hb gene, we have mapped the position of hb mutant breakpoints within a chromosomal walk of the 85A region by genomic Southern blots and determined the transcription pattern of DNA from the walk. We detect a single gene within the domain defined by breakpoint mapping. We conclude that we have identified the hunchback gene because three mutations that inactivate hb physically interrupt or delete this gene. Northern analysis shows that the hb gene gives rise to at least five overlapping transcripts ranging in length from 2.6 to 3.5 kilobases. S1 nuclease and primer extension experiments demonstrate that the gene employs two promoters and three polyadenylation sites. The two hb promoters have different temporal specificities. Transcripts arising from the upstream promoter are detected from 0-12 hours of embryogenesis as well as in adult female and male RNA preparations. Transcripts arising from the downstream promoter accumulate only from 0-6 hours of embryogenesis. During the syncytial blastoderm stage, transcripts from the hb gene accumulate over a broad anterior and a narrow posterior domain. This pattern sharpens during the late blastoderm/early gastrula stage to produce an embryo with two stripes of hybridization anterior and one stripe posterior. Later, hb transcripts are detected within the ventral hypoderm in extended germ band stage embryos.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090604
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  • 34
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    Genetic determination of sporangiophore development in Phycomyces (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 733-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Phycomyces blakesleeanus ; developmental mutants ; phorogenesis ; sexual reproduction ; light ; carotene ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The mycelium of the fungus Phycomyces. essentially a giant multinucleate cell, produces two kinds of asexual reproductive structures, called macrophores and microphores, and a succession of structures for sexual reproduction. Following the treatment of spores with N-methyl-N′ -nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, conditional imb mutants have been isolated that form no macrophores at 26°C, but do at 14°C. At the restrictive temperature, few imb mutants (2 of 13) develop microphores, and none is able to complete the sexual cycle. This suggests that genes responsible for macrophorogenesis are involved in microphorogenesis and in sexual development as well. Light reduces macrophorogenesis and totally abolishes microphorogenesis in the wild type under the conditions of our experiments. These photomorphogenetic effects require the normal function of genes madA and madB, which are responsible for phototropism. Light inhibits microphorogenesis in the two imb mutants that form microphores at the restrictive temperature. Genetic alterations of carotenogenesis lead to an excess of microphores and a scarcity of macrophores in the dark, but they have little influence on vegetative reproduction in the light.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090605
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  • 35
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    G-proteins in the signal-transduction pathways of Dictyostelium discoideum (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 215-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: cAMP ; cGMP ; chemotaxis ; mutant ; desensitization ; receptor ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The functional interaction of surface cAMP receptors with effector enzymes via G-proteins was investigated in Dictyostelium discoideum. Several experimental conditions were used to investigate signal transduction, such as reduced temperatures, use of down-regulated cells and of mutants. The results are presented as a model describing the complex interaction between multiple forms of the surface cAMP receptor and different G-proteins that are responsible for the generation of the second messengers, cAMP, cGMP, InsP3 and Ca2+.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090404
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  • 36
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    Structure and expression of the cAMP cell-surface receptor (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 227-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: receptors ; transmembrane signalling ; Dictyostelium ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Using antibodies specific for the 3′, 5′-cyclic AMP (cAMP) cell surface receptor of Dictyostelium discoideum, we have screened γgtll expression libraries and isolated a series of cDNAs derived from cAMP receptor mRNA during early development. The identity of the cDNA clones was verified by multiple criteria: (1) β-galactosidase fusion proteins synthesized by isolated cDNA clones stain intensely with cAMP receptor directed antiserum, (2) these fusion proteins affinity purify antibodies specific for the cAMP receptor, (3) the cDNA probes hybridize to a 2 kb mRNA whose change in relative level of abundance during development parallels that of receptor mRNA as assayed by in vitro translation, (4) the 2 kb mRNA size equals that of receptor mRNA as determined by in vitro translation of size fractionated poly (A)+ RNA, and (5) RNA transcribed in vitro from cDNAs containing the entire protein-coding region produces a polypeptide by in vitro translation with an apparent molecular weight in close agreement with that of nascent cAMP receptor protein produced by in vitro translation of cellular RNA.The DNA sequence predicts an open reading frame of 392 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence contains seven domains enriched in hydrophobic residues. A model is proposed in which the cAMP cell-surface receptor traverses the lipid bilayer seven times in a pattern similar to that of other receptors, such as rhodopsin, which interact with G-proteins. The structural similarities suggest a gene family of related surface receptors from such evolutionarily diverse species as Dictyostelium, yeast, and mammals.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090405
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  • 37
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    cAMP-dependent protein kinase from Dictyostelium discoideum (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 247-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: protein evolution ; lower eukaryote ; differentiation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAK) from Dictyostelium discoideum is an enzyme composed of one catalytic and one regulatory subunit. Upon binding of cAMP, the holoenzyme dissociates to liberate free active catalytic subunits. The cAK is developmentally regulated, ranging from very little activity in vegetative cells to maximal expression in postaggregative cells. Although there is no immunological cross-reaction between the subunits of cAKs from Dictyostelium and from other organisms, they share several biochemical properties. A complete cDNA for the regulatory subunit has been cloned and sequenced. Only one copy of the gene for the regulatory subunit is present per haploid genome. On the basis of the comparison of the structure of the cAK from Dictyostelium with its counterparts in yeast and higher eukaryotes, we propose a model for the evolution of cyclic-nucleotide-binding proteins.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090407
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  • 38
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    Characterization of an unusual cAMP receptor and its related polypeptides in Dictyostelium discoideum (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 237-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: gene regulation ; immunoblotting ; rapid-developing variants ; molecular cloning ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Several lines of evidence indicate that cAMP modulates developmental gene activity via cell-surface receptors. We describe here a novel cAMP receptor, CABP1, whose properties are consistent with the idea that this protein is involved in gene regulation. Firstly, immunological techniques using anti-CABP1 antibodies as probes showed that this cAMP receptor can be detected on the surface of developing cells. Secondly, there is a steady migration of CABP1 to the nucleus during development. Thirdly, some genetic variants exhibiting an altered pattern of development are found to possess modified CABP1. We also showed that CABP1 co-purifies with at least seven other polypeptides which share common epitopes with CABP1. Interestingly, four of the CABP1-related polypeptides can be detected on the cell surface as well as in the nucleus.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090406
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  • 39
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    The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase of Dictyostelium discoideum: The structure of the gene and its regulation and role in development (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 267-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: transformation ; gene structure ; cAMP ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (phosphodiesterase) of Dictyostelium discoideum plays an essential role in development by hydrolyzing the cAMP used as a chemoattractant by aggregating cells. We have studied the biochemistry of the phosphodiesterase and a functionally related protein, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor protein, and have cloned the cognate genes. A 1.8-kb and a 2.2-kb mRNA are transcribed from the singlephosphodiesterase gene. The 2.2-kb mRNA comprises the majority of the phosphodiesterase mRNA found in differentiating cells and is transcribed only during development from a promoter at least 2.5 kb upstream of the translational start site. The 1.8-kb phosphodiesterase mRNA is detected at all stages of growth and development, is present at lower levels than the developmentally induced mRNA, and is transcribed from a site proximal to the protein-coding region. The phosphodiesterase gene contains a minimum of three exons, and a 2.3-kb intron, the longest yet reported for this organism. We have shown that the pds A. gene and fourfgd genes affect, the accumulation of the phosphodiesterase mRNAs, and we believe that these loci represent a significant portion of the genes regulating expression of the phosphodiesterase. The phosphodiesterase gene was introduced into cells by transformation and used as a tool to explore the effects of cAMP on the terminal stages of development. In cells expressing high levels of phosphodiesterase activity, final morphogenesis cannot be completed, and differentiated spore and stalk cells do not form. We interpret these results to support the hypothesis that cAMP plays an essential role in organizing cell movements in late development as well as in controlling the aggregation of cells in the initial phase of the developmental program.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090409
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  • 40
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    Genes encoding novel GTP-binding proteins in Dictyostelium (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 259-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: G-proteins ; gene expression ; developmental regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have identified a two-member gene family in the Dictyostelium genome and have isolated corresponding cDNA or genomic DNA recombinant clones. Analyses of these DNA sequences predicted encoded proteins of ∼200 amino acids with ∼90% sequence identity to each other. These Dictyostelium proteins also share amino acids identity within the GTP-binding domains in the family of G-regulatory proteins involved in cellular regulation and transmembrane signalling. Additional structural similarities are seen with members of the ras supergene family, such as ras, ral, and rho. They are similar in size (usually ∼200 amino acids), possess four conserved domains involved in GTP interaction and are believed to be anchored in the membrane by fatty acid modification of a cysteine residue near the carboxy terminus. More extensive identity is observed with YPT1 and SEC4, two other members of this family of genes that are essential in yeast. The amino-terminal half of both Dictyostelium proteins is 70% identical in amino acid sequence to the YPT1 and SEC4 yeast proteins with less identity continuing through the remainder of the proteins. In addition these proteins terminate in two cysteine residues that are thought to be required for membrane anchorage.The two genes within this Dictyostelium family are organized differently in the genome and are differentially regulated during development. One gene is colinear in sequence with its mRNA in the protein coding region, whereas the other gene encodes a spliced mRNA. The intron-containing gene is associated with a developmentally regulated (AAC)-repeat sequence. Finally, we have shown that the expression of one of the genes is induced during development with kinetics similar to that of other (AAC)n-associated genes; conversely, the expression of the second gene is repressed at a similar developmental stage.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090408
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    Characterization of genes that are developmentally regulated during Dictyostelium discoideum spore germination (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 303-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: developmentally regulated cDNAs ; Dictyostelium discoideum gene sequences ; developmentally regulated proteins ; Dictyostelium spore proteins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Similar to other stages in Dictyostelium development, spore germination is a particularly suitable model for studying the regulation of gene expression, because developmentally regulated changes in both protein and mRNA synthesis occur during the transition from dormant spore to amoeba. Spores are constitutively dormant and must be activated to germinate. Under the proper environmental conditions, spores germinate in a highly synchronous manner to give rise to individual amoebae that can then enter the vegetative growth phase. Protein synthesis is developmentally regulated during this process. Because protein synthesis is transcriptionally controlled during spore germination, the respective genes must be developmentally transcribed, and these can be isolated and analyzed. Three cDNA clones specific for mRNA developmentally regulated during spore germination have been characterized and used as probes to study mRNA accumulation and decay during spore germination. Because we are interested in defining the sequences of developmentally regulated genes that may relate to their regulation of transcription, we have sequenced the cDNAs and have isolated and sequenced their respective genomic clones. The sequences of the three gene families, their genomic organization, and their special structural features are described.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090412
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    The effect of caffeine, adenosine, and buffer ionic composition on the induction of cell-surface cAMP binding during starvation of Dictyostelium discoideum (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 293-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: ions ; developmental regulation ; receptor regulation ; developmental signals ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have analyzed the effects of the cAMP relay inhibitor, caffeine, and the receptor antagonist, adenosine, on the regulation of the cell-surface cAMP receptor in suspensionstarved Dictyostelium discoideum cells by measuring ammonium sulfate-stabilized binding of [3-H]cAMP to intact cells. When cells were starved in fast (230 r.p.m.) shaken suspension in 10 mM Na+/5 mM K+ phosphate buffer, pH 6.5, plus 1 mM CaCl2 and 2.5 mM MgCl2, and assayed for specific cAMP binding, receptor accumulation peaked at approximately 6 hours, reaching a maximum of 1.5 pmol cAMP bound/107 cells (saturation binding). Neither caffeine nor adenosine inhibited the accumulation of cAMP receptors. Similar results were obtained in caffeine-treated, slow shaken (90 r.p.m.) suspension cultures. These results suggest that starvation alone is sufficient stimulus to induce the cAMP receptor. We have also tested the effects of different buffer ionic compositions on the accumulation of cAMP receptors. Elevation of the monovalent ion concentration to 30-40 mM was found to significantly inhibit the induction of cAMP receptors.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090411
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    Contact alters cAMP metabolism in aggregation-competent Dictyostelium amoebae (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 279-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Dictyostelium ; development ; cAMP ; cell-cell contact ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: cAMP and cell-cell contact are involved in the coordination of differentiation and morphogenesis in Dictyostelium discoideum. The experiments described in this paper establish a relationship between cAMP and cell-cell contact. Contact between Enterobacter aerogenes and aggregation-competent Dictyostelium amoebae and contact between Dictyostelium amoebae themselves results in the transient secretion of cAMP and an alteration in the amount of cAMP secreted in response to subsequent stimulation by cAMP, i.e., an alteration in magnitude of a cAMP relay response. The subsequent cAMP relay response can be enhanced or diminished depending upon the number of contacts formed and the concentration of cAMP present at the time of contact. Latex beads are capable of evoking cAMP secretion. However, the bead/amoebal contact is unable to alter the magnitude of a subsequent response to cAMP. This suggests that a nonspecific interaction via cell-cell contactelicits transient cAMP secretion in aggregation-competent Dictyostelium amoebae.The two responses to cell-cell contact are distinct from each other and distinct from the cAMP relay response. (1) The dose-response curves for the responses to Enterobacter contact are clearly different. (2) Contact with latex beads can elicit cAMP secretion but not alter the magnitude of a subsequent cAMP relay response. (3) The temperature dependences of the contact-induced responses and the cAMP relay response show that only the contact-induced cAMP secretion is inhibited at 12 and 15°C, while only the cAMP relay response is inhibited at 28°C.A 4-second application of cAMP at the time that contact is initiated enhances both contact-induced responses. Whether the relationship between these two developmental regulators is important for the regulation of Dictyostelium development has yet to be established.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090410
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  • 44
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    Deactivation of gene expression upon the onset of development in Dictyostelium discoideum (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 327-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: gene regulation ; initiation of development ; slime mold ; transcription ; cycloheximide ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Several genes that are deactivated upon the initiation of development of Dictyostelium discoideum have been identified by differential screening of various cDNA libraries. These genes have in common a decrease in the steady-state levels of their corresponding mRNAs as development proceeds. When development was carried out in the absence of protein synthesis by inhibition with cycloheximide, the decrease in mRNA levels for most genes (V genes) was normal or slightly accelerated. However, for about 5% of the genes (H genes), cycloheximide caused an apparent induction of expression, as revealed by a slight or dramatic increase in mRNA levels instead of the normal decrease. This effect was due to inhibition of protein synthesis and not to cycloheximide per se. The induction was found to be due to an enhancement of the trascription rate; normal rates of transcription for the H genes were dependent upon continued protein synthesis during vegetative growth and during development. Thus, two general regulatory classes exist for deactivation of gene expression upon initiation of development, one dependent and one independent of protein synthesis. Models concerning the control of expression of these two classes of genes are discussed here. Analysis of expression of these genes in mutant strains that are aggregation-deficient has also been performed, and the results lead to subdivisions of the classes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090414
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    Analysis of the prestarvation response in growing cells of Dictyostelium discoideum (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 315-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Dictyostelium ; growth ; development ; regulation ; discoidin I ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have previously shown that growing cells of Dictyostelium discoideum (strains NC4 and AX3) produce a soluble substance that accumulates in the medium in proportion to cell density; this substance regulates the production of certain proteins previously thought to be induced by starvation [Clarke et al., 1987]. We suggest the name PSF (prestarvation factor) for this substance. During growth, Dictyostelium cells monitor the relative concentrations of PSF and food bacteria. When PSF reaches a sufficiently high level relative to the concentration of bacteria, synthesis of PSF-regulated proteins is induced. We propose the name prestarvation response for this induction, which takes place in exponentially growing cells several generations before the food bacteria are depleted. We have explored the mechanism by which the food bacteria inhibit the response of Dictyostelium cells to PSF. We find that the bacteria do not inactivate PSF or inhibit its production; instead, they affect the ability of NC4 cells to detect PSF, possibly by binding to the same cell surface receptor. In the absence of bacteria, as during axenic growth of AX3 cells, the prestarvation response occurs at much lower cell densities, probably accounting for the presence of certain developmentally regulated mRNAs and proteins in axenic cultures.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090413
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  • 46
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    A Ca2+-dependent signal transduction system participates in coupling expression of some cAMP-dependent prespore genes to the cell surface receptor (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 359-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: cAMP ; Ca2+ ; signal transduction ; cell surface receptor ; gene expression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Elevated levels of cAMP are essential for the expression of many postaggregation prespore and prestalk mRNA species and for the suppression of some growth phase mRNAs. Here we review evidence that this regulation is mediated by cAMP interacting at the cell surface receptor. These effects of cAMP on gene expression can occur under conditions where the receptor-associated adenylate cyclase is inactivated and in concentrations that are consistent with receptor binding. A number of differences are noted in the mechanism by which cAMP regulates prespore and prestalk genes. Finally, evidence is reviewed for the role of a Ca2+-dependent signal transduction system in coupling the expression of some of the prespore mRNAs to the cAMP receptor. This signal transduction system does not appear to be involved in the expression of the cAMP-dependent prestalk gene.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090417
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  • 47
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    Control of early gene expression in Dictyostelium (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 337-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Dictyostelium ; cAMP ; receptor ; gene regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have examined the expression of a cAMP pulse-repressed and two cAMP pulse-induced genes in response to cAMP and caffeine under a number of different physiological conditions, and in several classes of developmental mutants altered in cAMP-mediated signal transduction pathways. The data presented help characterize the mutants with regard to early gene expression. Analysis of the data indicates that full induction of the pulse-induced or repression of the pulse-repressed genes requires cycles of activation and adaptation of the cAMP receptor but does not require a rise in intracellular cAMP. Comparison of the results obtained between different mutant classes suggests that repression and activation of the two classes of genes can be uncoupled, implying that different intracellular mechanisms control these processes. In addition, we examined the effects of caffeine and show that it can induce pulse-induced mRNA accumulation in the absence of cAMP.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090415
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    Regulation of gene expression by the intracellular second messengers IP3 and diacylglycerol (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 351-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Dictyostelium ; diacylglycerol ; inositol trisphosphate ; developmetal regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In Dictyostelium, extracellular cAMP interacts specifically with cell-surface receptors to promote the accumulation of a variety of intracellular second messengers, such as, 3′-5′ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 1,4,5 inositol trisphosphate (IP3). We and others have shown that activation of the cell-surface cAMP receptor can also modulate the expression of the Dictyostelium genome during development. In at least one instance, synthesis of intracellular cAMP is required for appropriate gene regulation. However, the induction of most cAMP-dependent gene expression can occur in the absence of receptor-mediated activation of adenylate cyclase and a consequent accumulation of intracellular cAMP. These results suggest that other intracellular second messengers produced in response to receptor activation may potentially act as signal transducers to modulate gene expression during development. In vertebrate cells, IP3 and diacylglycerol (DAG) are intracellular activators of specific protein kinases; they are produced in equimolar amounts by cleavage of phosphoinositol bisphosphate after a receptor-mediated activation of a membrane-bound phosphodiesterase. IP3 and, thus, by inference, diacylglycerol are synthesized in Dictyostelium as a response to cAMP interacting with its cell-surface receptor. Using defined conditions to inhibit the accumulation of extracellular cAMP, we have examined the effects of these compounds on the accumulation of extracellular cAMP, we have examined the effects of these compounds on the expression of genes that require cAMP for their maximal expression. Our results suggest that intracellular IP3 and DAG may in part mediate the action of extracellular cAMP on the expression of the Dictyostelium genome.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090416
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  • 49
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    Structural and functional characterization of genes encoding Dictyostelium prestalk and prespore cell-specific proteins (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 383-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Dictyostelium cell type markers ; PsA ; phosphatidylinosito ; D19 gene ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The nucleotide sequence of D19, a Dictyostelium gene that encodes a prespore-specific mRNA sequence shows it to encode PsA, the cell surface protein detected by the MUD 1 monoclonal antibody. The predicted sequence of the protein reveals a largely hydrophobic C terminus, with chemical similarity to proteins known to be attached to the plasma membrane via a phosphatidylinositol link. The C-terminal region has direct sequence homology to the contact sites A protein and to the phosphatidylinositol-linked form of a chicken N-CAM, suggesting that it might play a role in cell adhesion. Expression of the D19 gene is known to be induced by cAMP and repressed by adenosine. The accumulation of the D19 mRNA is also repressed by DIF, the putative stalk-specific morphogen, and this effect is mediated at the transcriptional level. The pDd56 and pDd63 genes are induced by DIF, and they are specific markers of prestalk and stalk cells. They encode, respectively, ST310 and ST430, two proteins that were first identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Both proteins are predominantly composed of a highly conserved, 24-amino acid repeat. The two proteins are localized in the slime sheath of the migratory slug and in the stalk tube and stalk cell wall of the mature culminant, where they presumably function as structural components of the extracellular matrix. We have constructed marked derivatives of the pDd56, pDd63, and D19 genes, and these are correctly regulated after transformation into Dictyostelium cells. Thus we have determined the structure, and elucidated possible functions, for one prespore and two prestalk genes. These sequences should be of value, both as markers of the earliest events in cellular differentiation and in identifying the regulatory sequences controlling cell type-specific gene expression.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090419
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  • 50
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    Transmembrane signal transduction regulates gene expression in Dictyostelium discoideum (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 371-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: second messenger ; transcription ; DNase I hypersensitive sites ; cis-acting elements ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: cAMP regulates gene expression in Dictyostelium discoideum through the cell surface receptor and is therefore a transmembrane signal transduction event. We have now begun to examine the signal transduction pathway that transmits the cAMP-induced signal to the nucleus. The results presented here indicate that Ca2+ plays a crucial role. A comparison of the accumulation of UDPGP1 mRNA during development with the corresponding transcription rates revealed that this gene is regulated primarily at the level of transcription. To elucidate the factors involved in the regulation of the UDPGP1 gene we characterized its cis acting sequences. We constructed a series of deletions into the 5′ flanking region of the UDPGP1 gene and analyzed the expression of the mutated DNA in transformants. A sequence element essential for the expression of the UDPGP1 gene is located between -500 bp and -288 dp from the transcription start site. This promoter element appears to be a short G + C-rich sequence positioned between -374 to -395 and coincides with a DNase I hypersensitive site.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090418
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    Regulation of mRNA stability and the poly(A) problem in Dictyostelium discoideum (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 403-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: post-transcriptional regulation ; disaggregation ; poly(A)-binding proteins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This paper reviews our studies of three aspects of post-transcriptional regulation in Dictyostelium discoideum: (1) the determinants of mRNA stability in vegetative amoebae; (2) the effects of disaggregation and cyclic AMP on the decay rates of cell-type-specific mRNAs in late developing cells; and (3) the cytoplasmic function of the 3′ poly(A) tracts present on most mRNAs. We find that: (1) mRNA stability in vegetative amoebae is not dependent on mRNA size, ribosome loading, or poly(A) tract length, but may be determined by specific 3′-untranslated sequences within a given mRNA; (2) mRNA decay rates in late developing cells are heterogeneous, and cyclic AMP does not act directly to stabilize cell-type-specific mRNAs; and (3) poly(A) is most likely involved in the initiation of protein synthesis via an interaction with cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding proteins.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090420
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    Post-transcriptional regulation of ribosomal protein gene expression during development in Dictyostelium discoideum (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 421-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: translational control ; polyadenylation ; mRNA stability ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have isolated recombinant plasmids that contain cDNA inserts complementary to mRNAs encoding six different r-proteins of Dictyostelium discoideum. Southern and quantitative dot blot analyses have shown that each of the r-protein genes represented in these plasmids is encoded by a single copy gene and that these genes are not tightly linked to each other. We have determined the relative amount of the six r-protein mRNAs present in cells at intervals throughout development and find that for the first 9 hours of development, each of the mRNAs remains present at virtually the same level as in vegetatively growing cells. Between 9 and 11 hours of development, there is a rapid loss of these mRNAs to 15% or less of vegetative levels, and that low level remains, or slightly declines, through the late stages of development. We have shown that two post-transcriptional events contribute to the developmental regulation of the expression of the r-protein genes. The first involves a specific block to translational initiation that is not the result of inactivation of these mRNAs by decapping or deadenylation. The second is a change in the stability of these mRNAs during early development. In order to begin to analyze the role of specific sequences that may act as targets or signals in these events, we have cloned and sequenced a 1.9-kb genomic DNA fragment that encodes one of the r-proteins. We find that transcription of this gene begins in a pyrimidine-rich region that is not preceded by a TATA box, the gene contains a single intron of 350 bp, and there are two alternative 3′ processing sites. In addition, the 5′-untranslated region of the transcript contains an unusually high percentage of G and C residues relative to other Dictyostelium mRNAs.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090421
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    Stalk cell formation in monolayers of Dictyostelium discoideum V12-M2 (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 597-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: cell differentiation ; differentiation inducing factor ; cyclic AMP ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Stalk cell formation in low-cell-density monolayers of Dictyostelium discoideum, strain V12-M2, occurs following the sequential addition of cyclic AMP and the differentiation-inducing factor (DIF). Both cyclic AMP and DIF are essential for the appearance of the prestalk-specific isozyme alkaline phosphatase-II, which suggests that both factors are necessary for prestalk cell formation. The available evidence suggests that the cyclic AMP requirement for stalk cell formation is mediated through the cell surface cyclic AMP receptor. However, stalk cell formation is inhibited by caffeine and this inhibition is reversed by the cell-permeable analogue 8-Br-cyclic AMP, which suggests in addition a possible involvement for elevated intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations in stalk cell formation.During in vivo development ceils first become independent of cyclic AMP at the tipped aggregate stage, but the acquisition of cyclic AMP independence is advanced by several hours when cells are incubated in the presence of cyclic AMP for 2 hours. Cells do not become independent of DIF until the culmination stage of development, which suggests the possibility that DIF is required for the conversion of prestalk cells to stalk cells.There is an absolute requirement for DIF for stalk cell formation in low-density monolayers of prestalk cells but only part of population exhibits a requirement for cyclic AMP, which suggests that the prestalk cell population consists of two distinct cell types. Stalk cell formation from prespore cells is totally dependent on both cyclic AMP and DIF.When isolated prestalk and prespore cells are plated in high-density monolayers, the former cells accumulate more DIF. which suggests the possibility that DIF is preferentially synthesized by prestalk cells.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090436
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    A comparison of high frequency switching in the yeast Candida albicans and the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 615-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: colony morphology ; yeast cell wall ; aggregation variants ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Recently, high frequency switching systems have been identified in the infectious yeast Candida albicans and the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. In C. albicans, cells can switch at spontaneous frequencies as high as 10-2 between seven general colony morphologies in the case of strain 3153A or between two major phenotypes in the white-opaque transition in strain WO-1. In the latter system, dramatic changes occur in cellular phenotype as well. In D. discoideum, cells can switch at spontaneous frequencies of roughly 10-2 between a number of colony phenotypes which include alterations in developmental timing, blocks at particular morphogenetic stages, morphological aberrations, and aggregation-minus. In the C. albicans and D. discoideum switching systems, the following characteristics are shared: (l) a limited number of switch phenotypes; (2) heritability; (3) high frequency reversibility; (4) low and high frequency modes of switching; and (5) ultraviolet (UV) stimulation of switching of cells in a low frequency mode of switching.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090438
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  • 55
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    Cell behavior during formation of prestalk/prespore pattern in submerged agglomerates of Dictyostelium discoideum (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 607-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: pattern formation ; cell sorting ; differential chemotaxis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: When cells dissociated from Dictyostelium discoideum slugs were cultured in roller tubes, they formed agglomerates in which prestalk cells were initially dispersed but soon sorted out to the center and then moved to the edge to reconstitute the prestalk/prespore pattern. To examine the mechanism of sorting out, individual prestalk cells were traced by a videotape recorder. The radial component of the rate of movement toward the center of the presumptive prestalk region was calculated. Prestalk cells did not move randomly, but rather directionally toward the center. Thei movement was pulsatile, with a period of ca. 15 min, and accompanied by occasional formation of cell streams, thus resembling the movement observable during cell aggregation. These results favor the idea that prestalk cells sort out to the prestalk region due to differential chemotaxis rather than differential adhesiveness. After formation of the prestalk/prespore pattern, the prestalk region rotated along the circumference of the agglomerates. This appears comparable to migration of slugs on the substratum, the rate of rotation being similar to that of slug migration.To examine the processes of pattern formation during development. washed vegetative cells were cultured in roller tubes. Prespore cells identified by antispore immunoglobulin initially appeared randomly within the agglomerates, but then nonprespore cells accumulated in the center and finally moved to the edge to establish the prestalk/prespore pattern, the processes being similar to those of pattern reconstruction with differentiated prestalk and prespore cells.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090437
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    A mutant strain of Polysphondylium with defects in many genes (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 629-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: transposon ; cellular slime mold ; development ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: PN6024 is a mutant strain of P. pallidum which appeared on selection for resistance to MDMP, an inhibitor of translation. It was found to be mutant in four other traits, being resistant to tubercidin, incapable of growth at 31.5°C, abnormal in development, and slow growing at 25°C. Genetic crosses using the macrocyst cycle showed that these five traits are controlled by five unlinked genes. The hypothesis is that movement of a transposon to multiple new locations caused these mutations. A difference in restriction fragment pattern between PN6024 and its parent PN600 support the hypothesis. Attempts were made to find conditions generating other strains like PN6024. Selection for growth in the presence of tubercidin yielded clones which resemble PN6024 in being developmentally abnormal as well as tubercidin resistant. Tubercidin treatment also increased the frequency of clones resistant to canavanine. It is suggested that tubercidin is mutagenic because it causes movement of the putative transposon, not because it generates point mutations. Growth under conditions of stress (at 31.5°C, at 8°C, in the presence of 2% ethanol) had at most an erratic effect in generating strains like PN6024.Three substrains appeared spontaneously in cultures of PN6024. These differed in developmental characteristics from each other and from the parent strain. It is suggested that they carry mutations in genes which control the choices between growth and aggregation, and between aggregation and encystment.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090439
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    Geometry and spatial patterns in Polysphondylium pallidum (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 663-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: patterning ; reaction-diffusion ; slime mold ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The formation of secondary sori in whorls of Polysphondylium pallidum provides an attractive model system for the study of symmetry breaking during morphogenesis. Tip-specific antibodies that permit detection of very early stages in this patterning process are available. We have found that the patterns of tip-specific antigen expression vary considerably depending on the size, shape, and developmental stage of the whorl. All of these patterns, however, are well explained by patterning models that rely on short-range autocatalysis and long-range inhibition, as exemplified by reaction-diffusion theories. In the context of reaction-diffusion, we discuss the possible effects of initial conditions, boundary conditions, and nonlinearities on the selection of patterns in P. pallidum whorls.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090442
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    Cell size in Dictyostelium (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 673-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: cytokinesis ; phagocytosis ; adhesion ; cytoskeleton ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cellular slime mold amoebae have become a model system for the study of cell motility and the cytoskeleton. A basic problem which all cells face that involves the cytoskeleton is how to control their size. The varied ways in which cellular slime mold amoebae change their cell size-by changing the size at which division occurs, by cell fusion, and by control over cytokinesis-are reviewed. A model is presented which attempts to explain how the mechanisms affected in certain cytokinesis mutants in Dictyostelium discideum known as phg mutants could be involved in control of cell size in the predatory slime mold Dictyostelium caveatum.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090443
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    Determination of the water geometry in violuric acid monohydrate with a Monte Carlo simulation (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 11-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The positions and orientations of water molecules in violuric acid crystals have been determined with the Metropolis Monte Carlo method. The interaction potentials between water and violuric acid needed in the simulation have been developed using ab initio calculations corrected for the basis set superposition error with the C.P. technique and fitted to atom-atom pairwise potentials. The agreement between experimental data and simulation results is good, proving that the interaction potentials can be used with confidence.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090103
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    Acetylcholine in water: Ab-initio potential and Monte Carlo simulation (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Ab initio SCF-LCAO-MO computations using a minimal basis set have been carried out on the acetylcholine ion in different conformations. The rotational barrier around the C9-C8-O1-C2 dihedral angle (τ1) has been also calculated: the curve presents a broad minimum. SCF calculations have been carried out on the system Ach-water at 468 different separations and/or orientations; the interaction energies were then fitted to a pair potential function used in Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of Ach water solution. The rdfs indicate a global first hydration shell with about 38 waters. Details about the hydration shell are presented. The overall MC results indicate that for the Ach ion in water solution at room temperature relative free rotation is possible around τ1, and that Ach is well represented as a large positively charged hydrated globe with a small mobile tail free of strong interactions with the surrounding water molecules.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090102
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    Molecular mechanics and molecular shape. V.For Part IV, see Ref. 1. on the computation of the bare surface area of molecules (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 18-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: This article examines the numerical estimation of molecular surface areas within the model of overlapping atomic spheres. One has the choice of either basing the estimate on all elements that contribute to the surface, or of ignoring systematically some elements in the interatomic clefts. It is argued that the second choice, even though more approximate, implicitly improves on the model and is to be preferred. Since surface areas are not measurable, the demonstration is unavoidably roundabout, relying mostly on correlation analysis. Among the regressors occur two compounded parameters. One, ratio of the surface area of the equivalent sphere to the surface area, is interpreted as a measure of molecular globularity. It reflects the molecular axis-ratio and surface convolution. The other, ratio of the surface area to the volume, is interpreted as a measure of the global congestion of a chemical residue. Together with a measure of the local congestion at the point of attachment, it affects the steric hindrance that a residue offers. The relation between the surface area and the number of valence electrons is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090104
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    Explorations on the multidimensional potential energy surface of a chiral stationary phase (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 63-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The multidimensional potential energy surface for a soluble analog of a chiral phase is computed with MM2 and MNDO. Minimum energy conformations are located. The minimum energy reaction pathway between these forms is located, and the templating ability of these phases is described.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090108
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    A conformational study of a biologically active conjugated syn-oxime (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 67-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The conjugated system (E)-tiglaldoxime is the simplest example of a perillartine analog which exhibits sweetness with a taste potency greater than sucrose with almost no bitter aftertaste. In previous studies, the structure of this biologically active compound has been assumed to be planar with the C=C double bond trans to the C=N bond of the oxime moiety. In this article a conformational analysis of this molecule is reported. The results indicate that, although the trans conformer of the planar molecule is indeed the global minimum, other conformers lie within a few kilocalories of this minimum. Hence, other accessible conformations may be available for interaction with the receptor and, therefore, may be biologically active. The structural parameters obtained for this conjugated syn-oxime are nearly identical to those of (E)-acetaldoxime. This fact has implications for the transferability of these parameters to the more complicated perillartine analogs.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090109
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    Atomic physicochemical parameters for three dimensional structure directed quantitative structure-activity relationships III: Modeling hydrophobic interactions (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 80-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: In an earlier article8 the need was demonstrated for atomic physicochemical properties for three dimensional structure directed quantitative structure-activity relationships, and it was shown how atomic parameters can be developed for successfully evaluating the molecular octanol-water partition coefficient, which is a measure of hydrophobicity. In this work we report more refined atomic values of octanol-water partition coefficients derived from nearly twice the number of compounds. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and halogens are divided into 110 atom types of which 94 atomic values are evaluated from 830 molecules by least squares. These values gave a standard deviation of 0.470 and a correlation coefficient of 0.931. These parameters predicted the octanol-water partition coefficient of 125 compounds with a standard deviation of 0.520 and a correlation coefficient of 0.870. There is only a correlation coefficient of 0.432 between the atomic octanol-water partition coefficients and the atomic contributions to molar refractivity over the 93 atom types used for both the properties. This suggests that both parameters can be used simultaneously to model intermolecular interactions. We evaluated the CNDO/2 gross atomic charge distribution over several molecules to check the validity of our classification. We found that the charge density on the heteroatoms in conjugated systems is strongly affected by the presence of similar atoms in the conjugation which suggests it should be incorporated as a separate parameter in evaluating the partition coefficient.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090111
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    Letter to the editor (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 91-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090112
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    Masthead (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090201
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    The dynamic “level shift” method for improving the convergence of the SCF procedure (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 107-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: This article is concerned with the improvement of convergence of the iterative procedure for solving the Hartree-Fock-Roothaan equations by the dynamic “level shift” method.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090203
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    Ab initio vibrational transition dipole moments and intensities of formaldehyde (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 95-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Vibrational transition dipole moments and absorption band intensities for the ground state of formaldehyde, including the deuterated isotopic forms, are calculated. The analysis is based on ab initio SCF and CI potential energy and dipole moment surfaces. The formalism derives from second-order perturbation theory and involves the expansion of the dipole moment in terms of normal coordinates, as well as the incorporation of point group symmetry in the selection of the dipole moment components for the allowed transitions. Dipole moment expansion coefficients for the three molecule-fixed Cartesian coordinates of formaldehyde are calculated for internal and normal coordinate representations. Transition dipole moments and absorption band intensities of the fundamental, first overtone, combination, and second overtone transitions are reported. The calculated intensities and dipole moment derivatives are compared to experiment and discussed in the context of molecular orbital and bond polarization theory.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090202
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    A molecular mechanics study of neutral molecule complexation with crown ethers (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 111-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Molecular mechanics methods are applied to the study of neutral molecule complexation with crown ethers. Protocols for the development of parameters necessary to describe these molecule-molecule interactions are presented. Application of these methods to the study of 1:1 and 2:1 (guest:host) complexation between acetonitrile (1), nitromethane (2), malononitrile (3) and dimethylsulfone (4) reveals positive cooperativity in formation of the 2:1 complexes in isolation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090204
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    Intermediate water structures in solution of Nα-acetyl-N-methylphenylalaninamide (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Intermediate water structures in a solution of Nα-acetyl-N-methylphenylalaninamide[Phe(amide)2] were investigated by the energy minimization method. The results show that ninety-eight water molecules hydrate Phe(amide)2 and several kinds of cyclic structures are observed. The distribution of water molecules around Phe(amide)2 agrees with the results of molecular dynamics and monte carlo studies. The distribution of cyclic structures shows that the six-membered ones are distributed mainly at the outside of the first hydration shell.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090205
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    A molecular mechanics-NMR pseudoenergy approach to the solution conformation of glycolipids (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 133-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: We present here a protocol for the determination of oligosaccharide solution conformation from a combination of molecular mechanics calculations and NMR distance constraints treated as pseudoenergies. As an illustration of our methodology we have chosen the determination of the solution conformation of the tetrasaccharide headgroup of the glycolipid globoside. In order to test the ability of our methodology to avoid becoming trapped in local minima, we have chosen three starting structures, well displaced from one another in conformational space. The structures obtained upon convergence of the calculations with distance constraint pseudoenergies were quite similar to one another. For two of the three glycosidic linkages in globoside, the results from the calculations were virtually identical for each of the three starting structures. We also apply our protocol to a model which allows for the existence of multiple conformers in an effort to explore the possibility of conformational flexibility in the oligosaccharide headgroup of globoside.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090206
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    Integral data compression for FPS 64-BIT processors: Improved I/O and reduced storage (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 148-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Compression of two-electron integral data is used to reduce integral storage and I/O requirements with FPS M64 Series (formerly FPS-X64) processors. Schemes are developed and implemented in assembly language to compress floating-point values to a fixed-point accuracy, and unsigned integer numbers. The floating-point scheme stores only the significant bits of the mantissa and a short, biased exponent. The unsigned integers are packed into fixed-length fields just long enough to hold the largest value. The packing procedures are tested on FPS-164 and FPS-264 processors (since renamed M64/145 and M64/60 by FPS) and incorporated into HONDO to compress two-electron integral files. Reduction factors of 0.2-0.4 are obtained for floating-point compression and 0.3-0.5 for index packing, with typical overall factors around one-third. The advantages of improved I/O and storage efficiency are accompanied by a small increase in processor time to perform the packing and unpacking. Timing changes for HONDO are presented, and both packing schemes dramatically reduce SCF elapsed times with FPS-264 processors. It is concluded that compression effectively extends external storage capacities, improves I/O efficiency, and can reduce the elapsed time of I/O bound calculations.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090207
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    Parallel computation of the Moller-Plesset second-order contribution to the electronic correlation energy (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 158-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: We report herein, the implementation of a second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) program on the IBM LCAP parallel supercomputers. The LCAP systems comprise IBM 308X hosts and 10 FPS-X64 attached processing units (APs). The APs are interconnected by a 512 Mbyte shared memory which allows rapid interprocessor communication. All the computationally demanding steps of the MP2 procedure execute efficiently in parallel. Parallel computation of two-electron integrals is accomplished by distributing the loop over shell blocks among the APs. Parallel Fock matrix formation is achieved by having each AP evaluate the contribution of its own integral sublist to the total Fock matrix. The contributions are added together on the host, and the sum diagonalized either on the host or on a single AP. The parallel implementations of the integral transformation and the MP2 calculation are less straightforward. In each case, the use of the shared memory is essential for an efficient implementation. Details of the implementations and performance data are given.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090208
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    Announcement (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 188-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090210
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    The rigorous computation of the molecular electric potential (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 171-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: A method is presented for the rigorous computation of the electric potential of molecules of arbitrary shape, under the assumption of continuous linear dielectric media. The computational technique involves finding the distribution of induced polarization charge on the molecular surface, and proceeds by an application of the method of boundary elements. The surface, which separates the molecular interior (of low dielectric constant) from the highly polar solvent, is given a piece-wise analytic representation as a collection of curvilinear elements. Given a set of internal fixed charges, the distribution of polarization-charge is found as a continuous function over the surface elements, and the electric potential (including all polarization effects) is then easily computed at any point. The method is applied to a spherical interface, and to several small molecules of biological interest, including a hexapeptide. The resulting potentials show good convergence in all cases. The future application of the method to macromolecules is discussed.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090209
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    An efficient algorithm for solving eigenvalue problems of the type HC = SCe or FC = SCe (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 257-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: An efficient algorithm for solving eigenvalue problems of type HC = SCe or FC = SCe is described. This algorithm is generally faster than conventional algorithms. That is to say, this algorithm is more than 1.8 times faster than Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization and about 8 times faster than Löwdin's S-1/2 method. This algorithm is beneficial for large molecules and molecules having a high degree of symmetry. In addition, this algorithm is more compact than conventional algorithms.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090309
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    YETI: An interactive molecular mechanics program for small-molecule protein complexes (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 269-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: YETI, an interactive molecular mechanics program for drug-design applications on small-molecule protein complexes, is described. To model short-range interactions in better agreement with experimental data, its force-field energy expression includes directional potential functions for H-bonds, salt linkages, and metal ligand interactions. The program works on an internal coordinate concept and uses a conjugate-gradient minimizer. YETI is available for distribution through the author. The program has been used to model details of small-molecule binding to the enzyme human carbonic anhydrase I. The impact of the directional potential functions on the geometry of H-bonds and metal-ligand interactions is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090310
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    Masthead (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090401
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    Charge calculations in molecular mechanics. V. Silicon compounds and π bonding (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 244-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: A previously published scheme for the calculation of partial atomic charges has been extended to include silicon, and has been parameterized for a range of Si—X bonds (X=C,H,O,F,Cl,Br). For the silicon-halogen and silicon-oxygen bonds, a comparison is made between charges calculated with and without the inclusion of π-bonding. An extensive data set consisting of experimental geometries and dipole moments for the silicon compounds considered is presented and this leads to the selection of standard Si—X bond lengths. The calculated dipole moments for the above compounds are in good agreement with those obtained experimentally only when the π charges are included. A comparison has also been made between the partial charges from this scheme and those obtained from computational methods using the Mulliken population analysis. There is considerable disagreement between the methods. Finally, the implications of the charges and structural data are considered in terms of application to zeolite systems.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090308
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  • 80
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    Electronic Resource
    Announcement (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 441-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090419
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  • 81
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    Electronic Resource
    Computer generation of spectra of graphs: Applications to C60 clusters and other systems (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 406-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: A computer code based on the Givens-Householder matrix diagonalization method is used to calculate the spectra of graphs containing a large number of vertices. The code is most general in that it can handle graphs containing 200 or more vertices. Further, the code can be used to generate the spectra of weighted graphs. The program requires as input only the neighborhood table of the graph. The spectra of many graphs are generated for the first time in less than a few minutes of computer time. Applications to a number of chemical systems including two forms (foot and hand) of the recently synthesized C60 cluster and the effect of bond alternation on these systems are discussed. In addition, the spectra of square and honeycomb lattices and the characteristic polynomials of the foot and hand forms of the C60 cluster are obtained.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090416
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  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correction (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 441-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090420
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  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090501
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  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrostatic interactions in molecular mechanics (MM2) calculations via PEOE partial charges I. Haloalkanes (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 424-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The PEOE (partial equalization of orbital electronegativity) procedure has been modified slightly and reparametrized for haloalkanes to calculate partial atomic charges suitable for evaluation of dipole moments and electrostatic energies in conjunction with molecular mechanics (MM2) calculations. Dipole moments of 66 haloalkanes are calculated with an average absolute deviation of 0.14 D from experimental values. The conformational energies of 40 compounds have been calculated and the agreement with experimental data is generally good and compares well with calculations by the IDME (induced dipole moment and energy) method. In addition, carbon and proton charges correlate well with C-1s core binding energies and 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) shifts for halomethanes. The most striking benefit of treating electrostatics through a set of partial charges compared to the standard MM2 bond dipole approach is demonstrated by calculations on 1,4-disubstituted cyclohexanes, for which standard MM2 fails to predict the most stable conformation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090418
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  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast algorithm for ring perception (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 455-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: An algorithm for finding rings in graphs is presented. The algorithm is based on the Welch-Assembly-Gibbs algorithm of Wipke and Dyott but using the homeomorphically reduced pruned graph (the extension of HRG of Balaban et al). The algorithm is able to generate both the fundamental set of rings and all possible rings in a given graph. The time and storage needs are superior to both underlying algorithms. The CPU times of the old and new algorithms are given.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090503
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  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MC-SCF and CI calculations on four isomers of Si6H6 (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 564-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The four isomers of Si6 H6, hexasilabenzene (1), hexasilaprismane (2), hexasila-Dewar benzene (3), and tris-(disilanediyl) (4), have been investigated, using highly correlated wavefunctions in conjunction with a local pseudopotential approach. At the Hartree-Fock level 1 (D6h), 2 (D3h), and 3 (C2v) are established as minima by means of the harmonic vibrational frequencies. Inclusion of the most important correlation corrections via CI however, provokes a significant puckering of 1 resulting in a D3d structure, 7.1 kJ/mol below the planar conformer. The detailed analysis shows unambiguously that the propensity to puckering is due solely to the correlation contributions from the σ framework while correlation of the π electrons is of little relevance. Isomer 2 turns out to be the most stable of the investigated isomers lying 41 kJ/mol below 1 (D3d). Isomers 3 and 4 are more than 100 kJ/mol higher in energy. The Si—Si bond energies of 1 and 2 are determined as 251 and 176 kJ/mol, respectively.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090514
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  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090601
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen bonding in MM2 (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 591-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Hydrogen bonding is qualitatively accounted for in the early versions of the MM2 program, but not quantitatively. Experimentally, the hydrogen bonds are somewhat shorter and stronger than calculated by MM2. This has been corrected now in MM2(87), by reducing the van der Waals radius of the hydrogen involved in hydrogen bonding for that interaction only, and by increasing the van der Waals' attraction between the hydrogen and the various electronegative atoms to which it can hydrogen bond by about 1-3 kcal/mol, depending on the particular atoms involved. It is now possible to reproduce reasonably well ab initio calculations on simple amides and the methanol dimer, and experimental data on compounds in which a hydroxyl hydrogen is hydrogen bonded to an alcohol, an alkyl chloride, or to a carbon-carbon double bond.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090602
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A fast, direct algorithm for the least-squares fitting of two sets of atomic coordinates of macromolecular structures (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 596-599 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: By use of rotation angle method a direct algorithm is derived, which determines the least-squares superposition that matches two sets of atomic coordinates. The program based on this algorithm runs fast. The solution obtained by this algorithm cannot be trapped by any local minimum. Testing examples are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090603
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface model for ZnS thin films: ZnS clusters and chemisorption of ZnCl2 on ZnS surface (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 581-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Hartree-Fock valence calculations have been used to study small ZnxSy, (x,y = 1-13), clusters. The aim was to develop surface models for chemisorption processes on zinc sulfide. The calculations show that proper models should have closed ring systems with x = y. The description of the adsorption site is not very critical to the size of the cluster. The coordination to the nearest neighbors is more critical and must be described accurately. The electronic structure was shown to be localized and a minimal basis set treatment gives a qualitative picture of energy and electronic structure trends. Zinc chloride is calculated to chemisorb to a surface sulfur atom with an adsorption energy of 395 to 570 kJ/mol depending on the size of the surface model and on the basis set of the valence orbitals. The adsorption geometry is found bent and virtually independent on the modelling parameters. The calculations predict free rotation of the adsorbate. The study suggests that calculations even at the simplest level are sufficient to give a qualitative picture of the zinc chloride adsorption on zinc sulfide.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090516
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ab initio studies of the ground-state potential energy surface of formamide (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 600-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Ab initio calculations employing a standard double-zeta basis set augmented with various polarization functions have been used to investigate the lowest energy region of the ground-state potential energy surface of the formamide molecule. Hartree-Fock calculations with only d polarization functions on the nonhydrogen atoms located two stable minima, that with geometry distorted from planarity having slightly lower energy; only one stable minimum with planar structure is found when p polarization functions on the hydrogens are included. In contrast optimizations, which account approximately for the correlation energy using second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory consistently favor a single slightly nonplanar minimum energy geometry.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090604
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of symmetry in MO calculations. II. Numerical projection operators for molecular orbitals (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 604-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: This article describes the numerical application of projection operators to restore the symmetry of molecular orbitals in self-consistent field (SCF) calculations when the symmetry is lost because of degeneracy or near degeneracy. The application of projection operators is particularly useful in cases of near degeneracies of three or more molecular orbitals, where it is difficult to find an effective algorithm for restoring the symmetry of molecular orbitals by orthonormal transformations.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090605
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shape group studies of molecular similarity and regioselectivity in chemical reactions (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 608-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The study of the qualitative and quantitative product distribution in a chemical reaction, in particular regioselectivity, is of fundamental importance. Recently, it has been shown that the regioselectivity of some Diels-Alder cycloadditions can be explained by analyzing the interrelations between electron density contours and molecular electrostatic potentials. This problem is related to a central topic of modern theoretical chemistry and biochemistry: the analysis of molecular shape. This work deals with a rigorous, algebraic method to analyze these surfaces. The procedure is based on the computation of the shape groups (symmetry-independent homology groups of algebraic topology) of the molecular surface, using either a fully analytical algorithm requiring no visual inspection, or a precise method for processing pictorial information if the latter is available. The method provides a concise description of the molecular contour surface, that can replace the usually intuitive, and somewhat subjective, visual characterization of density and electrostatic potential contours. The method is illustrated for the case of Diels-Alder reactions by considering a number of monosubstituted dienes. Extensions of the analysis to dienophiles, as well as other types of reactions are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090606
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a program for MCSCF calculations with large basis sets (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 627-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: A new program named JASON2 for ab initio MCSCF calculations with large basis sets has been developed. In this program, the density-formulated super-CI CASSCF method proposed by Roos et al. was adopted in order to overcome difficult problems caused by large basis sets. The sparsity of integrals and vectorization on supercomputers were utilized as much as possible. With JASON2, we performed CASSCF calculations on a Fe-porphine complex with 232 CGTFs (contracted Gaussian-type functions). Our algorithms and timing data of the above calculations are reported.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540090608
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 4 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320040101
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The methylotrophic yeasts (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 4 (1988), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320040102
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The 2 μm circle plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 4 (1988), S. 27-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320040104
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proteases and the processing of precursors to secreted proteins in yeast (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 4 (1988), S. 17-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320040103
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification of isocitrate lyase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 4 (1988), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Isocitrate lyase ; purification ; Catabolite inactivation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Isocitrate lyase purified to homogeneity from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was composed of four identical subunits with a molecular mass 75 K Da. The enzyme was most active at pH 7.0 in the presence of 5 mM-Mg2+. The Km value for threo-Ds-isocitrate was 1.4 mM. Isocitrate lyase was shown to be thermostable at 50°C for 60 min at a high salt concentration, but rapidly lost activity at -20°C or by dialysis.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320040105
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calendar (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 4 (1988), S. 83-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320040109
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