Bibliothek

Ihre E-Mail wurde erfolgreich gesendet. Bitte prüfen Sie Ihren Maileingang.

Leider ist ein Fehler beim E-Mail-Versand aufgetreten. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.

Vorgang fortführen?

Exportieren
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 57 (1998), S. S77 
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Nociceptin ; fibromyalgia ; pain ; stress ; sex hormones ; Schlüsselwörter Nociceptin ; Fibromyalgie ; Schmerzsyndrome ; Stress ; Sexualhormone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Fibromyalgie Syndrome (FMS) ist ein bei Frauen häufig vorkommendes Schmerzsyndrom. Die pathophysiologischen Ursachen sind jedoch noch ungeklärt. Veränderungen im Hormonhaushalt der Monoamine, Neuropeptide und von Stresshormonen werden als Ursachen diskutiert. In der vorliegenden Arbeit haben wir die Plasmakonzentrationen des unlängst entdeckten Neuropeptid „Nociceptin“ bei Frauen mit FMS und bei gesunden Kontrollpersonen untersucht. Unsere Resultate zeigen, daß die Konzentration von Nociceptin bei diesen Patienten niedriger waren als bei Kontrollpatienten. Signifikant erniedrigtes Nociceptin fanden wir besonders bei Patienten, die im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe Menstruationszyklen mit lutealer Phase hatten. Unsere Resultate deuten also daraufhin, daß gestörte Nociceptinspiegel bei FMS abhängig sind von der Sexual- und Stresshormonregulierung. Diese Störungen könnten neben anderen möglichen Faktoren die pathophysiologische Ursache des FMS sein.
    Notizen: Summary Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a frequent pain disorder in women. The pathophysiologic mechanism behind this disorder is still unexplained; however, alterations in both monoamines, neuropeptides and in the stress axis have been found. This study was designed to determine the levels of the newly discovered neuropeptide nociceptin in hormonally different FMS patients and corresponding controls. The results showed that the nociceptin concentrations of the patients were lower than in controls. It also showed decreased levels with significant differences between the cyclic patients in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, compared to the corresponding controls. Our results suggest that the perturbed nociceptin concentrations of the FMS patients may be linked to both the sex hormones and to the stress system and that these changes might be one of several possible pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in the FMS.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Fibromyalgia syndrome ; stress ; chronic pain ; CRH neuron overactivity ; hypothalamic-releasing hormones ; ACTH ; cortisol ; TSH ; prolactin ; thyroid hormones ; GH ; somatostatin ; FSH ; LH ; estrogen ; Schlüsselwörter Fibromyalgie ; Syndrom ; Stress ; chronischer Schmerz ; CRH-Hyperaktivität ; hypothalamische Releasing Hormone ; ACTH ; Kortisol ; TSH ; Prolactin ; Schilddrüsenhormone ; GH ; Somatostatin ; FSH ; LH ; Östrogen
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Symptomatologie des Fibromyalgie Syndroms (FMS) gleicht vielfach einer zentralnervösen Sollwertverstellung, zumindest in drei Systemen: die Patienten leiden an chronischen Schmerzen im Bereich des Bewegungsapparates, vermutlich als Ausdruck einer gestörten zentralen Schmerzverarbeitung. Nahezu alle vom Hypothalamus regulierten hormonalen Regelkreise sind verstellt. Häufig prägt eine depressive Verstimmtheit das Krankheitsbild. Um die hormonale Regulation bei FMS-Patienten zu untersuchen, haben wir bei 16 FMS-Patienten und 17 gesunden Kontrollpersonen die Hypophyse durch simultane intravenöse Injektionen der hypothalamischen Releasing Hormone Corticotropin Releasing Hormon (CRH), Growth Hormone Releasing Hormon (GHRH), Thyreotropin Releasing Hormon (TRH) und Luteinisierungshormon Releasing Hormon (LHRH) stimuliert und die entsprechenden Hormone der Hypophyse und der peripheren endokrinen Drüsen bestimmt. Wir fanden bei den FMS- Patienten erhöhte Basalwerte von ACTH, Follikelstimulierendes Hormon (FSH) und Kortisol, hingegen erniedrigte Basalwerte von Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I, Somatomedin C), Trijodthyronin (T3) und Östrogen. Die Simultaninjektion der Releasing-Hormone führte bei FMS-Patienten zu einer höheren Sekretion von ACTH und Prolaktin, während die Stimulierbarkeit von TSH, begleitet von nur schwach ansteigenden T3-Werten, herabgesetzt war. Die Stimulierung der Hypophyse mit LHRH von sechs FMS-Patientinnen in deren Follikelphase zeigte beim Vergleich mit sechs gleichaltrigen Kontrollpersonen eine signifikant abgeschwächte LH-Antwort. Wir erklären die für FMS-Patienten typischen Sollwertverstellungen der hormonalen Regulation als eine primär durch den chronischen Schmerz bedingte Stressaktivierung hypothalamischer CRH Neurone. Zusätzlich zur ACTH-Stimulierung aktiviert CRH auf der hypothalamischen Ebene Somatostatin, welches auf hypophysärer Ebene die GH- und TSH-Freisetzung hemmt. Die erniedrigten Östrogenspiegel lassen sich sowohl über die hemmende Wirkung des CRH auf die LHRH-Freisetzung erklären, als auch über eine direkte, CRH-vermittelte Hemmung der FSH-stimulierten Östrogenproduktion im Ovar.
    Notizen: Summary To study the hormonal perturbations in FMS patients we injected sixteen FMS patients and seventeen controls a cocktail of the hypothalamic releasing hormones: Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), and Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and observed the hormonal secretion pattern of the pituitary together with the hormones of the peripheral endocrine glands. We found in FMS patients elevated basal values of ACTH and cortisol, lowered basal values of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and of triiodothyronine (T3), elevated basal values of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and lowered basal values of estrogen. Following injection of the four releasing-hormones, we found in FMS patients an augmented response of ACTH, a blunted response of TSH, while the prolactin response was exaggerated. The effects of LHRH stimulation were investigated in six FMS patients and six controls and disclosed a significantly blunted response of LH in FMS. We explain the deviations of hormonal secretion in FMS patients as being caused by chronic stress, which, after being perceived and processed by the central nervous system (CNS), activates hypothalamic CRH neurons. CRH, on the one hand, activates the pituitary-adrenal axis, but also stimulates at the hypothalamic level somatostatin secretion which, in turn, causes inhibition of GH and TSH at the pituitary level. The suppression of gonadal function may also be attributed to elevated CRH by its ability to inhibit hypothalamic LHRH release, although it could act also directly on the ovary by inhibiting FSH-stimulated estrogen production. We conclude that the observed pattern of hormonal deviations in FMS patients is a CNS adjustment to chronic pain and stress, constitutes a specific entity of FMS, and is primarily evoked by activated CRH neurons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Tibia ; Fractures ; Fractures ; stress ; CT ; MRI ; Comparative studies
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of CT and MRI in the diagnosis of longitudinal stress fracture of the tibia (LSFT). A retrospective study of imaging findings was performed in 15 patients with LSFT. The CT and MR images were compared for detection of fracture line, callus, bone marrow edema, and soft tissues changes. The CT and MRI techniques allowed the detection of the fracture line in 82 and 73 % of cases, respectively. The callus was always visualized with CT or MRI. The MRI technique had a markedly higher sensitivity than CT in the detection of bone marrow edema (73 vs 18 %) and soft tissue lesions (87 vs 9 %). This may cause a misleading aggressive appearance on MRI. Computed tomography remains the best imaging modality for diagnosis of LSFT. However, MRI findings should be known to obviate the performance of CT or bone biopsy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of orthopaedic science 3 (1998), S. 32-41 
    ISSN: 1436-2023
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: peripheral nerve ; stress ; nerve crush injury ; sciatic functional index (SFI)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: An experimental study was performed to investigate the relationship between stress and peripheral nerve recovery. Male Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g were used. The sciatic nerve was crushed unilaterally with an aneurysm clip. Stress was applied by water immersion for 3 h, three times a week, from 1 week preoperatively, and continued for 6 or 8 weeks. The animals' walking tracks were measured every week to evaluate nerve function, and a sciatic functional index (SFI) was calculated. Specimens for histological examination were taken from the nerve at a site distal to the crush injury. By 3 weeks postoperatively, the SFI in the non-stress groups had recovered, but it remained at significantly lower levels in the stress groups (P 〈 0.01). Histological studies showed that the recovery of nerve fibers was retarded and regenerating axons were smaller in the stress groups. Peripheral nerve recovery after crush injury was suppressed by water-immersion stress.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of value-based management 11 (1998), S. 9-17 
    ISSN: 1572-8528
    Schlagwort(e): circadian ; flextime ; memory ; productivity ; time-of-day ; rhythm ; preference ; stress ; efficiency ; Zeitgeber
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Each human being has an internal timekeeping mechanism. To date, over 100 so-called ‘circadian’ rhythms have been detected. Perhaps the most significant is body temperature. There is an apparent connection between this rhythm and the efficiency with which we do things in the course of the working day. Within individuals, patterns have been discovered which give credence to the popular notions of a ‘morning’ or an ‘afternoon’ person, and so on. Our memory changes from morning to afternoon: short-term memory is stronger in the morning, and long-term memory stronger in the afternoon; in schools, ‘morning’ students have higher grades than students who have other time-of-day preferences. Therefore, a strong case can be made in support of flexible time schedules. It is reported that productivity went up on the introduction of such a scheme. Employee stress has been seen to decline also. When flextime was offered, parents with small children took advantage of the benefit as well as unmarried employees. The only drawback is ensuring that, with so many individual variations in preferences, the needs of the company are fully met. If such a scheme can be devised, however, the research suggests that productivity and efficiency will increase.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 19 (1998), S. 53-71 
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Schlagwort(e): behavior ; macaques ; postconflict ; reconciliation ; stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Previous studies on macaques and baboons showed that after agonistic conflicts aggressees as well as aggressors show an increase in stress-related behavior such as scratching. Reconciliation reduces stress-related behavior of the aggressee. We investigated the influence of various affiliative postconflict behaviors of the aggressor on the aggressor's scratching rates in captive long-tailed macaques: reconciliation, contacts with the aggressee's kin (or substitute reconciliation), and contact with other group members (or triadic affiliation). After a conflict, the aggressor showed an increase in rates of scratching. Scratching rates were reduced after reconciled conflicts compared to nonreconciled conflicts. Substitute reconciliation did not reduce scratching when we controlled for the influence of reconciliation, i.e., the aggressor might not interpret it as a substitute for reconciliation. Triadic affiliation did not reduce scratching rates, hence, triadic affiliation probably does not console the aggressor. Scratching rates after reconciliation are significantly lower than scratching rates after triadic affiliation. This proves that the stress-reducing effect of reconciliation is not due to the calming effect of general body contact but that the stress reduction is specifically associated with contacts with the former opponent. The contestants are anxious about their relationship, and only reconciliation takes away this anxiety. Reconciliation is thus an important social repair strategy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-8264
    Schlagwort(e): autocatalysis ; ethylene ; nitric oxide synthase ; shelf life ; stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of ethylene on postharvest horticultural produce are a major limiting factor in their orderly and efficient marketing. Nitric oxide and nitrous oxide have recently been shown to inhibit ethylene action and synthesis in higher plants and their potential for commercial use to extend the storage and marketing life of fruits, vegetables and flowers is reviewed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-8264
    Schlagwort(e): coffee ; lipid peroxidation ; PPR ; stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Exposure of coffee to low temperatures caused growth inhibition, changes in metabolic rates, and membrane alterations. Root tissue exposed to 10 °C evolved significantly lower rates of metabolic heat compared with controls grown at 25 °C, and the values were closely associated with the observed root growth inhibition. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of intact tissues showed that the spin probe 5-doxylstearic acid was capable to intercalate within the cellular membrane lipids. Indeed, at the depth of the 5th carbon atoms of the alkyl chains, the nitroxide radical detected more rigid membranes in seedlings exposed to 10 °C compared with 25 °C treated samples. Ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities did not show appreciable changes under chilling conditions, while guaiacol peroxidase activity increased 55 % compared to the control. On the other hand, glutathione reductase activity decreased, in parallel to a significant decline in the capacity to reduce triphenyl-tetrazolium. Our results showed a marked correlation between lipid peroxidation and root tissue damage, which seemed to be associated with increased membrane rigidity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 126 (1998), S. 762-764 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): arterial hypertension ; stress ; vascular reactivity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In vitro experiments on isolated segments of abdominal aorta of NISAG hypertensive rats with assessment of32P incorporation showed that hypertension in these rats is developed as due to enhanced metabolism of phosphatidylinositol phosphates under the effect of norepinephrine resulting in higher vascular reactivity to norepinephrine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 126 (1998), S. 882-885 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): hemorrhagic shock ; adaptation ; stress ; antioxidant protection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Modeling of hemorrhagic shock in rats adapted to immobilization stress required the removal of greater volumes of blood than that in control rats. The antioxidant system activation in adapted rats was accompanied by an increase in resistance to blood loss. The antishock effect of preliminary adaptation to stress was shown for the first time.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of social distress and the homeless 7 (1998), S. 29-40 
    ISSN: 1573-658X
    Schlagwort(e): homelessness ; children ; stress ; research
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Sociologie
    Notizen: Abstract Families with children constitute the fastest-growing segment of the homeless population. Past literature has indicated that children who are homeless experience more stress than children who are not homeless. This study measured the level of psychosocial stress experienced by homeless children by utilizing two direct and two indirect measurement tools. The sample included 52 children from family-shelter facilities in Central Florida. T-test results indicated a statistically significant difference between the sample's scores and that of the normative group. Prompt intervention at both the individual and environmental level is recommended.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 12
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Schlagwort(e): spawning migration ; vitellogenesis ; freshwater eels (Teleostei) ; Anguilla dieffenbachii ; Anguilla australis ; female ; histology ; steroid profiles ; 11-ketotestosterone ; stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract To determine steroid profiles in immature and maturing female eels from the wild, non-migratory and migratory New Zealand longfinned (Anguilla dieffenbachii) and shortfinned (A. australis) eels were caught and blood and ovarian samples collected. Plasma steroid levels were determined and related to the developmental stage of the ovary. Ovaries of non-migrants contained oogonia and previtellogenic oocytes. Vitellogenic oocytes were never observed in these groups, but instead were very common among migrants (up to 88% of oocytes). Concentrations of both androgens (androstenedione (AD), testosterone (T)) and estradiol-17β (E2) were higher in migrants than in non-migrants. Among migrants, T levels were higher in shortfins (2.27 ± 0.14 ng ml−1) than in longfins (0.82 ± 0.10 ng ml−1), whereas E2 levels were higher in longfins (mean 2.46 ng ml−1) than in shortfins. Levels of sex steroids were generally low in non-migrants. In contrast, plasma levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone were significantly higher in non-migrants than in migrants. Similarly, cortisol levels were higher in non-migrating than in migrating shortfinned, but not longfinned, females. 17,20β-Dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, the putative maturation-inducing steroid in anguillids, was near minimum-detectable levels for all animals examined. Surprisingly, very high levels of 11-ketotestosterone (KT) were found in migrants, averaging nearly 3 ng ml−1 in longfins and over 20 ng ml−1 in shortfins. The identity of KT and several 5-reduced androgens was confirmed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. The function of KT in females is not known, but we suggest that this steroid hormone may play a role in preparing maturing animals for their spawning migration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 19 (1998), S. 315-323 
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Schlagwort(e): reproduction ; stress ; ovarian steroidogenesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Previous studies on salmonids have yielded equivocal results as to the role of cortisol in directly inhibiting ovarian steroidogenesis. In an effort to determine why this might be so, isolated ovarian follicles of rainbow trout were incubated with and without cortisol under varying conditions of gonadotropin or steroid precursor stimulation, incubation time and temperature. Cortisol at concentrations of 100–1000 ng ml−1 suppressed basal production of 17β-estradiol (E2) in only 4 out of 20 experiments, had no effect on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated production, and no suppressive effect on 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17P)-stimulated production in 14 experiments, but increased E2 production in response to 17P in 2 experiments. Cortisone had no effect on basal E2 production, suggesting that cortisol was unlikely to be exerting any effect indirectly after further metabolism. Extended incubation times at 12 °C resulted in overall decreased levels of E2 in incubation media, but this had no obvious effect on patterns generated by treatment with cortisol. Extended incubation at 18 °C did change the pattern of response to treatment with cortisol in 1 out of 3 experiments. All incubations examined produced substantial amounts of E2-glucuronide but this showed no obvious relationship to whether or not inhibition of E2 production by cortisol was observed. Effect of stress history was examined by incubating follicles from stressed or unstressed fish. In follicles from fish nearing the end of vitellogenesis, stress resulted in reduced production of both testosterone and E2 in response to hCG, but increased conversion of 17P to E2. The same effect was not observed in follicles from fish at an earlier stage of vitellogenesis. Measurement of E2 uptake by follicles from selected experiments showed that follicles contained considerable amounts of E2 and were potentially a sink for steroid produced during incubation. The experiments show that a consistent effect of cortisol on ovarian steroidogenesis remains elusive, but that stimulatory effects are as likely to occur as inhibitory effects. All responses are potentially further confounded by loss of free steroid from the medium by conjugation or absorption into the oocytes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Sociological forum 13 (1998), S. 115-132 
    ISSN: 1573-7861
    Schlagwort(e): disasters ; stress ; interdisciplinary perspective
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Sociologie
    Notizen: Abstract This integrative literature review examines the sources of the persistent debate over the influence of disasters on individual mental health that characterizes the disaster research literature. Using an interdisciplinary approach, this paper highlights how the connections between individuals and the systems in which they are embedded influence people's varied responses to disaster. Consistent with the emerging emphasis in the social sciences on contextualizing individual behavior, this paper examines how family, community, social structural, cultural, and environmental factors affect the development of stress in disaster populations. It concludes with recommendations for policy, practice, and research related to disaster recovery.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Quality of life research 7 (1998), S. 735-750 
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Schlagwort(e): Mental health ; health-related quality of life ; social networks ; stress ; female ; work ; SF-36 ; stressors.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Although evidence suggests that social networks reduce the risk of mortality and are negatively associated with severe mental disability, little is known about their relationship to everyday functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). In addition, the importance of social networks in the presence of chronic stress remains unclear. We examined the association between social networks and aspects of mental functioning (mental health, vitality and role-emotional functioning) and the relationship between social networks and mental functioning in the presence of stressors. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to examine data in 47,912 middle-aged and older healthy women. The Medical Outcomes Study Short-form Health Survey measured dimensions of quality of life. We observed strong associations between levels of social networks and multivariate-adjusted quality of life scores, particularly in potentially high stress situations. Compared to the most socially integrated, women who were socially isolated had reductions in mental health and vitality scores of 6.5 and 7.4 points, respectively and a 60% increased risk of limitation in role-emotional functioning. Social networks are positively associated with mental functioning in women. This association is strongest for women reporting high levels of home and work stressors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 16
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): stress ; heart ; dietary fatty acids ; blood pressure ; rats ; docosahexaenoic acid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Epidemiological studies suggest that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are involved in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Stress is known to increase the incidence of CVD and the present study was realised to evaluate some physiological and biochemical effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in male Wistar rats subjected to a psycho social stress. Rats were fed for 8 weeks a semi-purified diet containing 10% of either sunflower seed oil or the same oil supplemented with DHA. This food supply represented 50% of their daily requirement. The remaining 50% were supplied as 45 mg food pellets designed to induce stress in rats by an intermittent-feeding schedule process. The control group (n = 12) was fed the equivalent food ration as a single daily feeding. The physiological cardiovascular parameters were recorded by telemetry through a transmitter introduced in the abdomen. At the end of the experimentation, the heart and adrenals were withdrawn and the fatty acid composition and the catecholamine store were determined. Dietary DHA induced a pronounced alteration of the fatty acid profile of cardiac phospholipids (PL). The level of all the n-6 PUFAs was reduced while 22:6 n-3 was increased. The stress induced a significant increase in heart rate which was not observed in DHA-fed group. The time evolution of the systolic blood pressure was not affected by the stress and was roughly similar in the stressed rats of either dietary group. Conversely, the systolic blood pressure decreased in the unstressed rats fed DHA. Similar data were obtained for the diastolic blood pressure. The beneficial effect of DHA was also observed on cardiac contractility, since the dP/dtmax increase was prevented in the DHA-fed rats. The stress-induced modifications were associated with an increase in cardiac noradrenaline level which was not observed in DHA-fed rats. The fatty acid composition of adrenals was significantly related to the fatty acid intake particularly the neutral lipid fraction (NL) which incorporated a large amount of DHA. Conversely, n-3 PUFAs were poorly incorporated in adrenal phospholipids. Moreover the NL/PL ratio was significantly increased in the DHA fed rats. The amount of adrenal catecholamines did not differ significantly between the groups. These results show that a supplementation of the diet with DHA induced cardiovascular alterations which could be detected in conscious animals within a few weeks. These alterations were elicited by a reduced heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 17
    ISSN: 1573-1448
    Schlagwort(e): cyanide ; stress ; liver O2 consumption
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The lethality, anaesthetic and physiological effects of ‘pulsed’ cyanide (CN-) exposures to a common tropical marine fish Dascyllus aruanus were assessed. Cyanide (25 and 50mgl-1) was applied as pulses (10, 60 and 120 s) to fish under non-stressed and stressed (by chasing and/or placing fish under hypoxic stress) conditions. Following treatment, the time until recovery and the percent survival were determined. The fish were allowed a 2.5 week recovery period from the treatments at which time four physiological end-points were measured: (1) the blood haemoglobin content, (2) the percent blood O2 content, (3) the liver rhodonase activity and (4) the liver O2 consumption rate. The greater the CN- concentration and exposure time, the longer the recovery time. Non-stressed fish exposed to 10 s pulses of 25 mgl-1 of CN- fully recovered within 4 min whereas fish exposed for 60 s and 50 mgl-1 of CN- required up to 50 min for full recovery. Exposure for 120 s at 25 and 50 mgl-1 of CN- proved lethal. Under stressed conditions, previously non-lethal exposures (60 s and 50 mgl-1) were lethal. Of the physiological end-points, only the liver O2 consumption rate was indicative of previous CN- exposure. Under non-stressed conditions, pulsed exposures at 25 and 50 mgl-1 of CN- for 10 and 60 s significantly reduced the liver O2 consumption rates (ANOVA; p〈0.05). Under stressed conditions, the liver O2 consumption rates were significantly greater (maximum rates up to 17-fold greater) than the control fish (ANOVA; p〈0.05). We conclude, therefore, that environmentally relevant exposures of CN- can adversely effect fish and this affect can be measured 2.5 weeks post-exposure. Importantly, the combined effects of exposure and stress both increased the mortality and placed an appreciable metabolic load on the fish as indicated by the elevated liver O2 consumption rates. Handling stress in combination with anaesthetic CN- doses could in part explain the delayed mortality reportedly associated with CN- use in the tropical fish trade. The significance of the elevated liver O2 consumption rates on the survival of CN--exposed fish is unknown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 37 (1998), S. 425-435 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): gene expression ; protein-DNA interaction ; plant ; stress ; seed development
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The phytohormone abscisic acid is probably present in all higher plants. This hormone is necessary for regulation of several events during seed development and for the response to environmental stresses such as desiccation, salt and cold. An important part of the physiological response to abscisic acid is achieved through gene expression. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of regulation of abscisic acid-induced transcription. The main focus is on a description of the known abscisic acid-responsive cis-elements, their properties and the possible transacting factors binding to the elements. Results have shown that cooperative action of cis-elements and the promoter configuraton is crucial for regulation by abscisic acid. Furthermore, several elements are organ- and species-specific. Recent studies of the chromatin structure of abscisic acid-responsive genes point to the importance of induction of transcription by coactivators or by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of transcription factors. An interesting example of activation by a cofactor is the cooperative action between abscisic acid-signaling and the regulatory protein Viviparous 1 through the abscisic acid responsive element.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 18 (1998), S. 343-352 
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Schlagwort(e): cortisol ; adrenoceptor ; rainbow trout ; stress ; hepatocytes ; glycogenolysis ; hepatic membranes ; binding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Distribution and function of hepatic α- and β-adrenoceptors were examined in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) injected with slow release hydrogenated coconut oil implants alone (sham) or containing cortisol. α- and β-Adrenoceptors were assayed on purified hepatic membranes 10–14 days post-implantation using 3H-prazosin (α) and 3H-CGP (β). At 10–14 days, plasma cortisol values were significantly elevated to approximately 220 compared with 35.0 ng ml-1 in cortisol implanted vs. sham trout. No significant differences were found between any of the experimental groups for either the affinity (Kd) or maximal number of binding sites (Bmax) for either receptor type. Epinephrine significantly stimulated glucose release from hepatocytes isolated from sham injected trout, but not from cortisol-treated fish. Epinephrine-induced glucose release was blocked by both α- and β-antagonists. These studies do not support the hypothesis that rainbow trout exposed to chronic cortisol alter properties of hepatic adrenoceptors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 20
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Schlagwort(e): common carp ; Cyprinus carpio ; integumental peroxidase ; blood peroxidase ; leucocytes ; skin ; stress ; cadmium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Biochemical and immunological characteristics of peroxidase activity of the skin epithelium of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated and compared with peroxidase activity of blood cells. Skin as well as blood-borne peroxidases eluted from the Superdex column as a 135 kDa protein and both probably are tetrameric molecules. Skin peroxidase activity was characterized by a Vmax of 51.5 ± 1.3 U mg-1 min-1 and a KM of 1.64 ± 0.18 mM ortho-phenylenediamine (OPD), whereas blood-borne peroxidase was characterized by a 1,000 fold higher specific activity (Vmax = 30.5 ċ 103 ± 2.5 ċ 103 U mg-1 min-1) and a higher affinity (KM = 0.875 ± 0.003 mM OPD). Polyclonal antibodies were raised against concanavalin-A purified skin peroxidase as well as blood-borne peroxidase. Immunocytochemical labelling showed that peroxidase is present in mucous cells and in mucus covering the skin and gill epithelia, as well as in erythrocytes and leucocytes. We conclude that the mucous cells of the skin produce a biochemically distinct peroxidase that is released in the mucus and may contribute to the antimicrobial properties of the mucous layer covering the skin. After exposure of the fish to cadmium the kinetic characteristics of the enzyme activity, as determined in skin homogenates, changed considerably. The Vmax increased significantly to 61.9 ± 1.1 U mg-1 min-1, and the affinity for OPD increased to the value demonstrated for blood-borne peroxidase (KM = 0.888 ± 0.045 mM OPD). Increased peroxidase levels after cadmium exposure were also demonstrated immunochemically in a dotblot assay. However, no significant changes were observed when the circulatory system of the fish was perfused prior to sampling, indicating that erythrocytes are a major contributor to the increased peroxidase activity in carp skin during cadmium exposure. This likely reflects the increased vascularization of the connective tissue layer underlying the skin epithelium, which takes place when the fish are exposed to chronic stressors including cadmium. In the cadmium-exposed fish this effect prevented the biochemical detection of stressor-related changes in epithelial peroxidase reported earlier with cytochemical methods.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Space science reviews 84 (1998), S. 199-206 
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear reactions ; Nucleosynthesis ; Abundances ; Stars:Evolution ; Interior ; Rotation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We first recall the observational and theoretical facts that constitute the so-called 3He problem. We then review the chemical anomalies that could be related to the destruction of 3He in red giants stars. We show how a simple consistent mechanism can lead to the destruction of 3He in low mass stars and simultaneously account for the low 12C/13C ratios and low lithium abundances observed in giant stars of different populations. This process should both naturally account for the recent measurements of 3He/H in galactic HII regions and allow for high values of 3He observed in some planetary nebulae. We propose a simple statistical estimation of the fraction of stars that may be affected by this process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 74 (1998), S. 271-281 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): ecophysiology ; meristematic fungi ; black yeast ; rock ; temperature tolerance ; lethal temperature ; desiccation ; NaCl tolerance ; glycerol ; trehalose ; cell wall ; stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Black meristematic fungi together with lichens and cyanobacteria dominate the micro-flora of rock surfaces in arid and semi-arid environments of hot and cold deserts. This study shows that rock inhabiting meristematic fungi are extremely tolerant against high temperatures, desiccation and osmotic stress. Their temperature tolerance increases with increasing dehydration of the fungal thallus. Air dried mycelia of black yeasts stand temperatures up to 120 °C for at least 0.5 hours. As response to high temperatures multilayered cell walls are developed and trehalose is accumulated whereas the intracellular glycerol regulates the osmotic potential under NaCl stress. Strains from rock in moderate climate (North Germany) show the same tolerance than those isolated from the Mediterranean area. Hortaea werneckii – hitherto only described as agent of human Tinea nigra – is shown to be the most tolerant rock inhabiting species tested. Meristematic fungi cannot be pre-adapted to higher growth temperatures by increased incubation temperatures. Considering the results of this study the justification of the term ‘stress’ is discussed with regard to rock inhabiting fungi and their natural environment. Consequences for conservation treatments of monuments decayed by meristematic fungi are discussed on the basis of the ecophysiological properties of the fungi.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 23
    ISSN: 1573-1537
    Schlagwort(e): stress ; salivary IgA ; stress management ; physical health
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Research has indicated that the experience of stress reliably correlates with changes in immunological functioning. Further, interventions designed to reduce the experience of stress correlate with modest enhancement of immune function. The effects of such interventions vary widely, depending on the specific immune system variables measured and characteristics of the participants, including age and health status. To determine the effects of a cognitive-behavioral stress management intervention on salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA), we randomly assigned 57 university undergraduates to a treatment or control condition. Treatment group participants met in groups of nine or ten students and received information about the stress response and immunity, training in diaphragmatic breathing and autogenic relaxation, and exposure to cognitive restructuring and assertiveness training. We assessed saliva samples, ratings of physical symptoms commonly associated with stress, and self-report of health complaints before and after the 5-week intervention period. Fifty-three participants completed the study. Reductions in stress levels from pre- to postintervention for both treatment and control participants were evident by increases in sIgA secretion rates and salivary flow and decreases in scores on the Undergraduate Stress Questionnaire, the Cohen–Hoberman Inventory of Physical Symptoms, and the Daily Stress Inventory. Treatment participants exhibited further reductions in stress, compared to control participants, as evidenced by lower scores on a subset of the self-report inventories. No treatment effects on sIgA were present. These results suggest that a stress management intervention such as the one used in this study can be beneficial in reducing levels of stress but may not be immunoenhancing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 24
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Schlagwort(e): alternative complement ; stress ; Sparus aurata ; cortisol ; vitamin E ; n-3 HUFA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Studies on the alternative complement pathway (ACP) activity in fish have suggested the particular relevance of this pathway as a non-specific immune mechanism being its activation directly related with the availability of certain nutrients. In the present study ACP activity in gilthead seabream fed different dietary levels of a-tocopherol and n-3 HUFA deficiencies was studied under different stress conditions (overcrowding and repetitive chasing). A reduction in ACP activity was found when diets with deficiencies in α-tocopherol and n-3 HUFA were assayed at any of the experimental conditions assayed. Levels of plasma cortisol were similar to those of fish after crowding stress subjected to dietary deficiencies at low stocking density, suggesting that dietary deficiencies produced a chronic elevation of cortisol. When fish were subjected to repetitive chasing, plasma cortisol from fish fed control diet showed a progressive increase whereas plasma cortisol levels from both dietary deficient groups showed a transitory peak 4 days after the beginning of the repetitive chasing. However, ACP activity levels of fish fed deficient diets remained lower than the control group and constant during chasing period. These results suggest that both a-tocopherol and n-3 HUFA nutritional deficiencies rather than stress are an important determinant of fish complement activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 45 (1998), S. 151-159 
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Schlagwort(e): genetic diversity ; ecological diversity ; stress ; Near East ; wild barley
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Genetic variability in RAPDs (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) was studied in 104 genotypes of wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum from 21 populations sampled in Israel, Turkey and Iran, seven population from each country. The band (= loci) frequencies were calculated for each population and correlated with ecogeographical variables. In general, high RAPD genetic diversity indices were associated with stressful environments, either with hot or cold steppes and deserts. Interpopulational genetic distances showed no association with the geographic distance between the populations' provenance. Significant Spearman rank correlations between RAPD band frequencies and ecogeographical parameters of provenance occured. Frequencies of RAPD bands were significantly correlated with the principal component factors of allozymes. The correlation data indirectly suggest that natural selection appears to be the major determinant of both RAPD and allozyme diversities both being correlated with environmental stress.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 26
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): biomarker ; cadmium ; copper ; heavy metal ; PC ; PC-SH ; phytochelatin ; stress ; toxicity ; Triticum aestivum ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Heavy metal contaminated soils often show increased levels of more than one metal, e.g. copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) or nickel (Ni). In case such soils are used for crop production, prediction of yield reduction or quality decline due to heavy metals in the soil is inadequate when based only on chemical soil analysis. The use of biomarkers such as phytochelatins (PC), non-protein thiols specifically induced in plants upon exposure to heavy metals, may be an additional tool or diagnostic criterion in heavy metal research and in practice. In the present work, Cu and Cd uptake and induction of PC synthesis are studied with hydroponically grown maize and wheat plants exposed to mixtures of the two metals. We observed a close positive relationship between the concentrations of Cd and PC in the plant shoot material. A decreased shoot concentration of Cd after addition of Cu, due to metal competition at common root absorption sites, coincided with lower shoot PC levels. Also differences in metal uptake and xylary metal transport among the two plant species were reflected in corresponding differences in PC concentration. The observed direct relationship between shoot PC concentration and the degree of metal-induced growth inhibition makes the use of PC promising for the purpose tested for.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 49 (1998), S. 169-175 
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Schlagwort(e): biodiversity ; ecosystem health ; stress ; stress ecology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The challenges for reversing course in our stewardship of the earth's ecosystems has never been greater. Biodiversity is in decline on an unprecedented scale and it is tempting to use this as an indicator of the health of the earth's ecosystems. In fact it is one of a number of indicators that collectively provides information on trends in the condition of ecosystems. But the larger problem is the lack of integration between the social and natural sciences. Mainstream scientists continue to reject the notion that solving environmental problems requires an integration of values and processes. A conceptual model shows how these facets may be brought together. A holistic vision requires the integration of natural, social and health sciences. From this perspective the linkage between biodiversity, ecosystem resilience and management options is more clearly articulated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback 23 (1998), S. 233-241 
    ISSN: 1573-3270
    Schlagwort(e): stress ; paradoxical vasodilatation ; hand temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A total of 224 chronic pain somatoform disorder patients without obvious pathophysiology or psychopathology were found to have colder hands than nonpatients. A paradoxical temperature increase (PTI) in response to a cognitive stressor (mental arithmetic) was noted in a subset of these chronic pain patients. Patients were defined as “PTI” responders if, during cognitive stress, an increase in digital temperature occurred over a prior eyes closed resting condition. It was found that 49.4% of males and 42.6% of females in a total sample of 224 patients demonstrated PTI. The PTI patients had significantly colder hands than non-PTI patients prior to stress. A concurrent SCL measure of sympathetic activation found no difference between the PTI and non-PTI groups either at baseline or during cognitive stress. It appears from this data that PTI is specific to the peripheral vascular system of these patients and may be a marker of psychophysiological dissociation or trauma blocked from consciousness.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 29
    ISSN: 1573-1448
    Schlagwort(e): cyanide ; stress ; liver O2 consumption
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The lethality, anaesthetic and physiological effects of ‘pulsed’ cyanide (CN-) exposures to a common tropical marine fish Dascyllus aruanus were assessed. Cyanide (25 and 50 mg l-1) was applied as pulses (10, 60 and 120 s) to fish under non-stressed and stressed (by chasing and/or placing fish under hypoxic stress) conditions. Following treatment, the time until recovery and the percent survival were determined. The fish were allowed a 2.5 week recovery period from the treatments at which time four physiological end-points were measured: (1) the blood haemoglobin content, (2) the percent blood O-2 content, (3) the liver rhodonase activity and (4) the liver O2 consumption rate. The greater the CN- concentration and exposure time, the longer the recovery time. Non-stressed fish exposed to 10 s pulses of 25 mg l-1 of CN- fully recovered within 4 min whereas fish exposed for 60 s and 50 mg l-1 of CN- required up to 50 min for full recovery. Exposure for 120 s at 25 and 50 mg l-1 of CN- proved lethal. Under stressed conditions, previously non-lethal exposures (60 s and 50 mg l-1) were lethal. Of the physiological end-points, only the liver O2 consumption rate was indicative of previous CN- exposure. Under non-stressed conditions, pulsed exposures at 25 and 50 mg l-1 of CN- for 10 and 60 s significantly reduced the liver O2 consumption rates (ANOVA; p 〈 0.05). Under stressed conditions, the liver O2 consumption rates were significantly greater (maximum rates up to 17-fold greater) than the control fish (ANOVA; p 〈 0.05). We conclude, therefore, that environmentally relevant exposures of CN- can adversely effect fish and this affect can be measured 2.5 weeks post-exposure. Importantly, the combined effects of exposure and stress both increased the mortality and placed an appreciable metabolic load on the fish as indicated by the elevated liver O2 consumption rates. Handling stress in combination with anaesthetic CN- doses could in part explain the delayed mortality reportedly associated with CN- use in the tropical fish trade. The significance of the elevated liver O2 consumption rates on the survival of CN--exposed fish is unknown
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Annals of clinical psychiatry 10 (1998), S. 157-163 
    ISSN: 1573-3238
    Schlagwort(e): PTSD ; bereavement ; stress ; grief
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Until quite recently, the only stressor considered consistent with the diagnosis of PTSD was a catastrophic, out of the ordinary, trauma that almost anyone could be expected to have a severe reaction to. Thus, PTSD was considered relatively rare among non-military populations. More recently, epidemiologic surveys have suggested that PTSD may be much more prevalent than heretofore recognized, and the DSM-IV has opened the door to a much larger variety of stressors (the “A” criterion). Yet, bereavement is not considered the type of stressor capable of producing PTSD. In this study, 350 newly bereaved widows and widowers were assessed for the prevalence of PTSD, its chronicity, comorbidity, and consequences. The diagnosis of PTSD was made on the basis of questionnaire items approximating the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. At 2 months after the spouse's death, 10% of those whose spouses died after a chronic illness met criteria for PTSD, 9% of those whose spouses died unexpectedly met criteria, and 36% of those whose spouses died from “unnatural” causes (suicide or accident) had PTSD. Symptoms tended to be chronic in at least 40% of the subjects, almost always were associated with comorbid depression, and created substantial morbidity. The results suggested that PTSD may occur after bereavement, and, by extension, other stressors not recognized by official diagnostic systems. The “A” criterion needs further examination.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of child and family studies 7 (1998), S. 27-41 
    ISSN: 1573-2843
    Schlagwort(e): family functioning ; stress ; clergy ; social context ; work-family
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Psychologie , Sociologie
    Notizen: Abstract We wished to identify predictors of family functioning from models including perceptions of stresses associated with mobility, financial compensation, intrusiveness to family boundaries, expectations on time demands, and the lack of social support. Data were collected from 136 randomly selected couples from six denominations in which husbands were clergy. Participants completed a survey that included the Clergy Family Life Inventory which assessed perceptions of five work-related stressors and the Self Report Measure of Family Functioning scale which measured 12 dimensions of family functioning. Separate regression models were tested for husbands and wives and these analyses indicated that no single stressor seemed influential for all 12 dimensions of family functioning. However, for both husbands and wives, family boundary intrusiveness, lack of social support, and mobility stresses influenced their competence in numerous areas of family functioning. In addition, husbands and wives experienced similar effects of stress among several dimensions of family functioning (e.g. enmeshment, family organization, democratic family atmosphere expressiveness).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 32
    ISSN: 1573-2843
    Schlagwort(e): stress ; enrichment ; family caregiving ; impact on family ; children with serious emotional disorders
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Psychologie , Sociologie
    Notizen: Abstract We examined enrichment and stress in 214 families who had children with severe emotional disorders. Caregivers' ratings of enrichment and stress were obtained through a newly developed instrument, the Effects of the Situation Questionnaire, which used parallel items covering 17 life areas. While ratings of stress were generally higher than enrichment, caregivers reported some enrichment in areas encompassing self concept and family relationships, Bivariate and multivariate analyses using various child, family, and service-system variables revealed that stress was notably associated with severity of the child's disorder, low empowerment, and a lack of coordination among service providers. Enrichment was unrelated to severity but associated with high empowerment and spiritual support. Our findings suggest that families' experiences of caregiving can have both positive and negative aspects and that a comprehensive approach to serving and studying families should take both into account.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of gender, culture, and health 3 (1998), S. 183-191 
    ISSN: 1573-367X
    Schlagwort(e): alcoholism ; drug abuse ; masculinity ; stress ; gender issues
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Sociologie
    Notizen: Abstract Masculine gender role stress (MGRS) occurs in men who are highly committed to the male role. We hypothesized that among substance dependent men, high MGRS men would show more severe alcohol and drug abuse than low MGRS men. Additionally, we explored the types of substance abuse triggers to which high MGRS men are most vulnerable and their confidence in coping with these triggers. Our results indicate that high MGRS males had more severe alcohol dependence and, among drug dependent individuals, more severe drug dependence than did low MGRS men. Additionally, high MGRS men were found to be more likely to abuse substances in response to negative emotions, physical discomfort, conflict, and the belief that they can control their substance use.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Contemporary family therapy 20 (1998), S. 107-121 
    ISSN: 1573-3335
    Schlagwort(e): spouses ; relocation ; uncertainty ; stress ; resources
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract This study examined the contribution of couples, shared perceptions of the threat of relocation, and the buffering effect of personal and marital resources in coping with stress. The study was conducted with a random sample of 95 couples in the Golan Heights region in Israel, where a unique situation exists in which families live under a threat of relocation, due to the peace negotiations between Israel and Syria. Two resources were examined: potency and marital quality Results showed that potency made the greatest contribution to coping either with demands or stress, both in couples who had similar or different future scenarios, while marital quality was found to relieve the stress only in couples who shared the same future scenarios. The average level of stress was found to be higher but not significant among couples with different future scenarios.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of stress management 5 (1998), S. 57-75 
    ISSN: 1573-3424
    Schlagwort(e): depression ; stress ; immunity ; ascorbate ; 5′-ectonucleotidase ; antioxidants
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract Previously we showed that stress and depression could result in a 50% lowering of lymphocytic 5′-ectonucleotidase (NT) which could be resolved by a diet high in antioxidants. This study suggested that high levels of free radicals mediated by stress/depression may be involved in lowering NT activities. The aim of the present study was to assess whether oxygen radicals could directly affect NT and whether excess free radicals generated in stress/depression may affect tissue ascorbate stores. Exam-stressed students and depressed patients were compared respectively to these students at low stress and depressed patients on high antioxidant intakes. In this study, NT correlated positively with tissue ascorbate stores. A range of antioxidants were tested as possible inhibitors of oxy radical interaction with NT using nitroblue tetrazolium reduction to for-mazan with superoxide anion. At physiological plasma concentrations, ascorbate inhibited this reduction but dehydroascorbate, tocopherol, retinol, selenium, urate, and reduced glutathione were ineffective. Superoxide anion directly reduced lymphocytic NT activity and this effect was reversed by either 100 μmolar ascorbate in vitro or a high antioxidant intake in vivo. In conclusion, the low NT activities and ascorbate stores found in stressed/depressed people appear to be mediated by higher levels of free radicals reported in these subjects. These conclusions are consistent with published reports of (1) normal NT levels in melancholic patients on high antioxidant diets; (2) heightened inflammatory reponses during stress/depression; (3) low serum levels of zinc in depressed patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of stress management 5 (1998), S. 103-112 
    ISSN: 1573-3424
    Schlagwort(e): stress ; leader–member exchange ; dyads ; group membership
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract This study examined the relationship between quality of leader–member exchange and follower perceptions of work stress. It was proposed that followers in higher quality exchanges were less likely to perceive work stressors than followers in exchanges of lower quality. Data collected from 215 employees of a midsized public university substantially supported this proposition. Quality of leader‐member exchange was negatively related to role conflict, role ambiguity, low job scope, lack of career progress, and lack of participation experienced by followers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 89 (1998), S. 269-284 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Schlagwort(e): Fracture ; steel ; weld metal ; stress ; strain ; toughness ; notched specimen.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The cleavage fracture criterion of low alloy steel and weld metal in notched specimens is investigated in detail based on a great number of experimental data. It has been found that the most cleavage fractures initiate at a distance shorter (left side) than that of the peak stress location below a notch root, and the cleavage fracture in notched specimens must satisfy a dual criterion, i.e., a critical plastic strain (εp ≥ εpc) for initiating a crack nucleus, and a critical tensile stress (σyy ≥ σf) for its propagation. According to the dual criterion model, the great number of experimental data of 4PB (four-point bending) tests for the low alloy steel and weld metal and their statistical distribution are explained. The effects of temperature , the local fracture stress σf and the critical plastic strain εpc on the locations of cleavage initiation sites and the controlling steps of cleavage fracture process are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Interface science 6 (1998), S. 213-224 
    ISSN: 1573-2746
    Schlagwort(e): thermodynamics ; grain boundaries ; segregation ; grain boundary free energy ; stress ; fracture
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The thermodynamics of vacancy and impurity adsorption at interfaces and grain boundaries (GBs) in solids is considered. Theoretical expressions are derived for the GB/interface free energy change caused by various levels of vacancy or impurity adsorption. This information is used to predict the behavior of vacancies at interfaces and GBs in a stress gradient and to forecast the effect of impurities on GB fracture strength. The latter predictions provide an interpretation of intergranular fracture behavior in terms of impurity adsorption and GB structural parameters such as GB width and Σ value.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Clinical child and family psychology review 1 (1998), S. 179-193 
    ISSN: 1573-2827
    Schlagwort(e): Parent illness ; coping ; child adjustment ; stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract We review recent empirical literature examining the impact of parent physical illness on child functioning. We review studies of illness characteristics (n = 16), individual characteristics (n = 6), and family characteristics (n = 6). Although children's self-reports indicate heightened distress, parental reports do not suggest more problematic functioning. Child adjustment appears to be more closely related to perceptions of stressfulness rather than to objective illness severity indices. Adolescent girls seem to represent a group at heightened risk. Preliminary results suggest that family variables such as cohesion, conflict, and individual and family coping styles are important predictors of child adjustment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    American journal of community psychology 26 (1998), S. 697-704 
    ISSN: 1573-2770
    Schlagwort(e): Gulf War ; hotline ; stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract The current study presents results of a survey of 3,215 calls received at seven centers of telephone emergency services (TES) in Israel during the Gulf War, when citizens of Israel experienced severe stress resulting from SCUD missile attacks. Whereas former surveys have shown that characteristics of calls to TES in Israel are generally not affected by external stressogenic events, a remarkable change was recorded in both the quantity and quality of calls received in TES centers in Israel during the Gulf War. The relative frequencies of problem categories presented by callers during the Gulf War revealed a significant increase in “environmental pressures,” a category that reflected the stressful situation of the war, as opposed to intra- or interpersonal problems typical of peacetime calls. A comparison between this group of “war calls” and a control group of “nonwar calls,” revealed that the two groups represented populations of callers differing in sociodemographic characteristics, expectations, and benefits from the calls. Results are discussed in reference to the unique role of TES as a source of psychological first-aid in a community crisis situation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of elasticity 50 (1998), S. 91-96 
    ISSN: 1573-2681
    Schlagwort(e): stress ; strain ; elasticity ; anisotropy.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The Stroh formalism for two-dimensional deformation of an anisotropic elastic material does not give the stress σij explicitly in a symmetric form. It does not give an explicit expression for the strain εij at al. Mantic and Paris [1] have recently derived an explicit symmetric representation of stress. We present here a new and elementary derivation that is more straight forward and transparent. The derivation does not require consideration of the surface traction or the normalization of the Stroh eigenvectors. The new derivation also provides an explicit symmetric representation of strain. Moreover, it allows us to deduce two of the three Barnett–Lothe tensors L, S [2] and the associated tensors L ( θ ), S ( θ ) [3], resulting in a physical interpretation of these tensors and the component ( L S )21.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1998), S. 963-975 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Schlagwort(e): cylindrical gears ; load distribution ; stress ; deformation ; stiffness ; FEM ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A method, namely the normal stiffness matrix along contact line (NSMACL) method, for analysing gears is proposed. Three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) solid models have been established. Cylindrical gears - spur and helical, external and internal, hobbling and slotting, different parameters and materials - can be analysed using these models. Results such as load distribution along the contact lines, deformations and stiffness at any contact position, and contact stresses are presented. Calculation results show that the trend of gear tooth deformation coincides with the tested ones using the dynamic speckle photography method. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 43
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Schlagwort(e): apoptosis ; bcl-2 ; cell death ; hybridoma ; osmolarity ; pH ; shear ; stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract It has been demonstrated that the cell lines used for production of biopharmaceuticals are highly susceptible to apoptosis, and that over-expression of the bcl-2 oncogene can protect cells from death. Stress associated with the deprivation of nutrients has been shown to be the main cause of apoptosis in culture. We have extended these studies by investigating the mechanism of cell death under conditions of sub-optimal pH, shear stress and hyperosmolarity, and the protective action of bcl-2 over-expression. At pH 6, there was no clear evidence of protection from cell death. However, at pH 8, the viability of the bcl-2 transfected cells was about 20% higher relative to the control cells. Cultivation of control cells in a flat bottomed bioreactor with a magnetic stirrer bar without a pivot ring resulted in exposure of the cells to a high attrition effect. As a result, cell growth was retarded and a high level of cell death by apoptosis was observed. Under the same conditions, the bcl-2 transfected cell line exhibited a nearly five fold increase in viable cell number. This finding indicates that under apoptosis-suppressed conditions, shear stress can stimulate cell growth. Batch cultivation of both control and bcl-2 transfected cells in 350 and 400 mOsm media resulted in suppression of cell growth, athough the effect was most marked in the control cell line. Adaptation of control cells to 400 mOsm proved to be impossible to achieve. However, the bcl-2 transfected cells exhibited resistance to the osmotic stress resulting in long term adaptation to a high salt environment. Specific productivity of bcl-2 transfected cells grown in high osmolarity medium was 100% higher than that produced by non- adapted bcl-2 transfected cells grown in normal osmolarity medium. These results demonstrate that bcl-2 has a beneficial effect on hybridoma cultivation under a wide range of culture stresses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Social indicators research 44 (1998), S. 329-365 
    ISSN: 1573-0921
    Schlagwort(e): stress ; health worries ; happiness ; coping ; sociodemographic variables
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Sociologie
    Notizen: Abstract This study investigated the perception of personal well-being among different segments of Israeli society for various levels of national stress. The three measures utilized (health worries, happiness, and coping) were derived from 203 surveys of national samples conducted between June 1967 and August 1979 (N = 112,005). Gender, education, age, religiosity, and ethnic origin were correlated with these indicators during periods of low, medium, and high national stress. In general, lower levels of well-being were reported by women, the less educated, the older age groups, the religious, and those of Eastern origin, as predicted. Contrary to expectation, health worries decreased during times of high national stress. The results are discussed in the context of differences between measures of well-being, the intensity of stress on the national level, and the role of each of the above sociodemographic variables as a resource, buffer or handicap, in dealing with stress.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 45
    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Schlagwort(e): cadmium ; corticosteroid secretion ; Y-1 adrenal cells ; stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In vitro and in vivo cadmium toxicity studies focus almost exclusively on CdCl2 effects. Only a few studies have used adrenocortical cells and tissue to determine cadmium salt effects during stress of adrenocorticotropin stimulation. Because several biologically relevant water-soluble cadmium salts exist, this study extended work with CdCl2 to evaluate the acute adrenocortical cell steroid secretory responses to non-lethal cadmium acetate (CdAc2) and CdSO4 4 concentrations. Control or ACTH-stimulated cultured Y-1 mouse adrenal tumor cells (ATCC) which secrete 20α-dihydroprogesterone (20-DHP) were incubated for 0.5 h in serum-free medium (FMEM) with or without 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 50.0, 100.0, 500.0 and 1000.0 µg CdAc2 or CdSO4/ml FMEM (1.9, 3.8, 19.0, 38.0, 190.0, 380.0 and 1900.0 µmol/L, respectively). For each salt, cell viability was measured at the end of the incubation using live cell trypan blue exclusion. In addition, cumulative CdAc2 effects during 4 h incubations and effect reversibility were determined for control and stimulated cells. After each experimental incubation, the 20-DHP secreted into the medium was determined by radioimmunoassay. Over 80% of all control or ACTH-stimulated cells were viable after incubation in the presence or absence of various CdAc2 or CdSO4 concentrations. Cadmium acetate and sulfate inhibited basal and ACTH-stimulated steroid secretion in a dose-dependent manner. For basal steroid secretion the CdAc2 concentration that first significantly inhibited was 0.5 µg/ml medium (1.9 µmol/L); stimulated secretion was significantly inhibited beginning at 5.0 µg/ml (19.0 µmol/L) and the concentration reducing stimulated 20-DHP secretion by 50% (IC50) was 5.6 µg/ml (21.3 µmol/L). Similarly, the first CdSO4 concentration to significantly inhibit basal and ACTH-stimulated steroid secretion was 10.0 µg/ml medium (39.0 µmol/L); the IC50 was 7.8 µg/ml (29.8 µmol/L). Except that basally secreting Cd2+ 2+-treated cells almost doubled 20-DHP secretion after Cd2+ removal and subsequent incubation with ACTH, all basal and ACTH-stimulated steroid secretion was irreversibly inhibited by every CdAc2 concentration. All CdAc2 concentrations initiated and maintained cumulative inhibitory effects on basal and ACTH-stimulated steroid secretion over a 4 h period. Reversibility and cumulative CdSO4 treatment studies were not conducted. Based on the results from the present studies, both CdAc2 and CdSO4 appeared to incrementally inhibit control and ACTH-stimulated steroidogenesis without affecting cell viability and to be more potent inhibitors of adrenocortical cell steroid secretion than CdCl2. Finally, CdAc2 effects on control and stimulated cells were cumulative and irreversible.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 18 (1998), S. 525-534 
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Schlagwort(e): IGF-II mRNA ; stress ; rat cerebellum ; β-adrenergic receptors
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract 1. Exposure to a combined forced swimming–confinement stress resulted in a decrease in insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) mRNA levels in the whole brain (without the cerebellum) and in the isolated brain areas of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, and the cerebellum. 2. In an effort to elucidate the neurotransmitter systems involved in this stress-induced decrease, animals were injected prior to exposure to the stress, with either propranolol, diazepam, or MK-801. 3. Administration of diazepam or MK-801 did not affect the stress-induced decrease in IGF-II mRNA in any of the three brain areas examined. 4. Administration of propranolol prior to the exposure to the stress inhibited the stress-induced decrease in IGF-II mRNA in the cerebellum. Propranolol had no such effect in the cerebral cortex or the hippocampus. 5. Our results suggest that in the cerebellum, the stress-induced decrease in IGF-II mRNA is mediated by β2-adrenergic receptors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 47
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Schlagwort(e): hypoxia ; cerebral ischemia ; amnesia ; stress ; learning and memory ; mice
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract 1. The amnesia induced by various stress stimuli through hypoxia and cerebral ischemia was evaluated by the shortening of the response latency in a step-through task in mice. 2. The hypoxia-induced amnesia was reduced by cromakalim, a K+ channel opener (KCO), given 10 min before or immediately after the hypoxic treatment. 3. Similarly, the ischemia-induced amnesia was also reduced by cromakalim given 30min before the occlusion. 4. In ischemic-induced amnesic mice, pyknotic cells, indicating the condensation of chromatin, were observed histochemically at the dentate gyrus granule cells in hippocampal regions 96 hr after ischemic treatment. In addition, cromakalim inhibited the induction of pyknotic cells. 5. These results suggest that KCOs might produce prophylactically neuroprotective effects against hypoxia- and cerebral ischemia-induced amnesia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 48
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Schlagwort(e): callus ; plant cancer ; habituation ; polyamines ; stress ; hydrogen peroxide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The biological, morphological and biochemical characteristics which define plant cancer cells at the end of a neoplasic progression in the absence of pathogens and which distinguish them from tumorous cells are summarized. Such plant cancer cells have in common with animal cancer cells many metabolic disturbances. The present paper reviews the biochemical changes in nitrogen, carbon, sugar and heme metabolisms which contribute to polyamine (PAs) accumulation. It indicates how these changes are interconnected and even form between each other biochemical cycles which likely maintain these cells in their irreversible state. The role of these cycles in the maintenance of such cells under a probable permanent oxidative stress is debated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Reviews in fish biology and fisheries 8 (1998), S. 35-56 
    ISSN: 1573-5184
    Schlagwort(e): heat shock proteins ; HSP ; stress proteins ; stress ; generalized stress response ; biomonitoring
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Heat shock proteins (HSP) are a family of proteins expressed in response to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stressors. They are thus also referred to as stress proteins. Their extraordinarily high degree of identity at the amino acid sequence level and the fact that this cellular stress response has been described in nearly all organisms studied, make this group of proteins unique. We provide a brief historical overview of HSP research, as a background to summarizing what is known about HSP expression in fish. The expression of HSPs in fish has been described in cell lines, primary cultures of various cells, and in the tissues of whole organisms. Collectively, the data show that the expression of HSPs are affected in a wide variety of fish cells and tissues, in response both to biological stressors such as infectious pathogens, as well as to abiotic stressors such as heat and cold shock, and environmental contaminants. HSP research in fish is in its early stages and many studies are describing the expression of proteins in response to various stressors. Several studies have contributed to our understanding of the molecular nature and the molecular biology of HSPs in fish. Recent studies have shown a relationship between HSP expression and the generalized stress response in fish, but further research is needed to clarify the complex relationships between stress hormones and the cellular HSP response. In general, the HSP response seems to be related to the sensing of the stressor and the subsequent cellular effects which may adapt the cells to cope with the stressors. Consequently, such data may be of central importance in understanding the significance of HSP expression to the whole organism. We conclude with sections on laboratory methods used in HSP research and on potential applications of this knowledge in biomonitoring.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 50
    ISSN: 1573-6598
    Schlagwort(e): stress disorders ; posttraumatic ; Vietnam veterans ; heart rate ; blood pressure ; stress ; psychological
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract Resting heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBF) were measured on 3 successive mornings in the homes of drug-free Vietnam combat veterans, classified on the basis of DSM-III-R criteria into current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; n = 20) or non-PTSD (n = 15). Responses to three generic stressor challenges (orthostatic, mental arithmetic, and cold pressor) were also measured. In the orthostatic stressor condition, DBP increased over time in the non-PTSD, but not in the PTSD, veterans, suggesting a paradoxically reduced autonomic response in PTSD. There were no other significant group differences in resting levels or responses to any of the challenges for any measure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 37 (1998), S. 513-521 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): heat soluble proteins ; stress ; desiccation ; LEA proteins
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract LEA group I, II and III antibodies all recognised soluble proteins present in an extract of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The smaller protein of the two recognised by the group I antibody displayed identical migration on SDS-PAGE to the pea seed LEA group I protein against which the antibody was raised. However, the antibody failed to recognise the predominant protein present after heating the extract at 80 °C for 10 min. This predominant protein, which also displayed identical migration on SDS-PAGE, was purified from the supernatant of the extract heated at 80 °C for 10 min. Peptide sequencing after CNBr cleavage identified the isolated protein as the heat shock protein HSP 12. Despite a previous report that HSP 12 is a heat shock protein, HSP 12 was found to increase in yeast grown at 37 °C compared with growth at 30 °C . However, increased amounts of HSP 12 were present in yeast after entry into stationary phase; this was enhanced by growth in the osmolytes NaCl and mannitol.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 52
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): gene expression ; phytohormone ; Lea ; leaf senescence ; senescence-associated gene ; stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The expression of several Arabidopsis thaliana senescence-associated genes (SAGs) in attached and/or detached leaves was compared in response to age, dehydration, darkness, abscisic acid, cytokinin, and ethylene treatments. Most of the SAGs responded to most of the treatments in a similar fashion. Detachment in darkness and ethylene were the strongest inducers of both SAGs and visible yellowing. Detachment in light was also a strong inducer of SAGs, but not of visible yellowing. The other treatments varied more in their effects on individual SAGs. Responses were examined in both older and younger leaves, and generally were much stronger in the older ones. Individual SAGs differed from the norms in different ways, however, suggesting that their gene products play a role in overlapping but not identical circumstances. Some SAGs responded quickly to treatments, which may indicate a direct response. Others responded more slowly, which may indicate an indirect response via treatment-induced senescence. Four new SAGs were isolated as part of this work, one of which shows strong similarity to late embryogenesis-abundant (Lea) genes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 37 (1998), S. 921-930 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): ethylene ; growth inhibition ; stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Two cDNA clones, pIIG1 and pIIG2, corresponding to mRNAs that accumulate in maize root tips subjected to 10 min of physical impedance, were isolated by differential screening of a cDNA library. The deduced proteins, based on DNA sequence analysis, have molecular masses of 13 and 23 kDa for pIIG1 and pIIG2, respectively. pIIG1 showed 97% similarity at the nucleic acid level to a maize root cortical cell delineating protein (pZRP3) and was also similar to some bimodular proteins that are developmentally or stress regulated in other plant species. In situ localization of pIIG1 showed some expression in cortical cells of control maize roots; however, after a 10 min physical impedance treatment, pIIG1 accumulation increased greatly in cortical cells and extended to include the procambial region. pIIG2 did not show sequence similarity with any identified gene of known function, but a bipartite nuclear targeting sequence occurs in its deduced amino acid sequence which indicates it may function in the nucleus. Thus, rapid accumulation of specific mRNAs occurs in maize roots in response to impedance stress, and these mRNAs may be responsible for some responses of the roots to physical impedance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 125 (1998), S. 547-549 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): intereleukin-1 ; lymphocyte activating factor ; lysosome-cation proteins ; stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Acute cold stress induced lymphocyte activating factor production by peritoneal macrophages and elevation of blood corticosterone concentration in the rat, while lysosomecation indices significantly decreased. Multiple cold stimuli initiated lymphocyte activating factor production by peritoneal macrophages in the rat, but corticosterone blood concentration decreased and lysosome-cation indices remained unchanged. The difference in lymphocyte activating factor production in response to single and multiple cold stimuli has been demonstrated for the first time.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 126 (1998), S. 1095-1097 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): opiate receptors ; stress ; catecholamines
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The agonists of μ-opiate receptors, DAGO and DALDA, prevent stress-induced enhancement of99mTc-pyrophosphate accumulation in the myocardium, which attests to cardioprotective activity of these opioids. This phenomenon is presumably related to modulating effect of these agents on the adrenergic stage in pathogenesis of stress-induced damage to the heart.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 126 (1998), S. 932-933 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): δ-sleep-inducing peptide ; stress ; erythrocyte membranes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Exposure of rats to cold stress leads to the accumulation of conjugated dienes and Schiff's bases and decreases superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Plasma levels of extraerythrocytic hemoglobin and iron and the total peroxidase activity increase. This indicates destablization of the erythrocyte plasma membrane in stress. Exogenous δ-sleep-inducing peptide decreases the intensity of lipid peroxidation by increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and stabilizes the structure of the erythrocyte plasma membrane.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 57
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; nitric oxide ; NO donor ; NO synthetase inhibitor ; stress ; gastric ulcer ; protection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The iron dinitrosyl complex (a NO donor), adaptation to stress, and their combination suppress the stress-induced ulcer formation. Nω-nitro-L-arginine, a NO synthetase inhibitor, reduce the antistress effect of adaptation. Severe stress induces a sharp decrease in the NO production in the liver and brain. After adaptation to stress, the NO production in the liver and brain does not differ significantly from control levels. However, adaptation attenuates a decrease in the NO production in the liver caused by severe stress.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 126 (1998), S. 997-999 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): opiate receptors ; stress ; cardiosclerosis ; arrhythmias
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Peripheral injections of the μ-opiate receptor agonist DALDA,k-opiate receptor agonist spiradoline, and δ-opiate receptor blocker DuP734 significantly increased the ventricular fibrillation threshold in animals with modeled postinfarction cardiosclerosis or stress-induced damage to the heart.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings 5 (1998), S. 133-145 
    ISSN: 1573-3572
    Schlagwort(e): coping ; stress ; infertility ; women's health
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Women experiencing infertility, pregnancy, medical gynecological problems, or annual checkups were assessed for primary appraisal of their stressor and types of coping strategies used. Diagnostic category approximated the subjective appraisal of stressor for pregnant (challenge) and checkup (no stress) groups. Most participants in the medical gynecological problems group appraised their stress as a threat, but a few participants chose other appraisal categories. Infertility was associated with two categories of appraisal—loss and challenge. Participants appraising their stressor as a loss made greater use of the coping strategies of Action, Wishful Thinking, and Fatalism than did women appraising their stressor as a challenge, a threat, or not stressful. Women appraising infertility as challenge were less distressed than women in any other group. The bimodal perception of infertility has implications for treating women who seek psychological help.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 60
    ISSN: 1573-3424
    Schlagwort(e): life events ; stress ; Social Readjustment Rating Scale
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract The widely used and cited Social Readjustment Rating Scale developed by Holmes and Rahe (1967) was comprehensively revised and updated. The new instrument, containing 51 major life events, was administered to a national sample of 5000. Respondents were asked to rate the stressfulness of each life event on a 1–100 scale. Completed surveys were returned by 3122 individuals (62.4%). Responses were analyzed using repeated measures MANOVA and profile analysis. Major results included: (a) statistically and practically significant differences in mean ratings for the 51 life events; (b) five overlapping themes in the top 20 rated life events—death and dying, healthcare, crime and the criminal justice system, financial/economic issues, and family-related issues; and (c) an amazing level of agreement concerning perceived life event stressfulness, regardless of gender, age, or income level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of stress management 5 (1998), S. 93-102 
    ISSN: 1573-3424
    Schlagwort(e): stress ; Gulf War ; threat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract This study investigated the relationship between threat appraisal, distressful reactions, and coping strategies of Israeli civilians under missile attack during the Gulf War. During the war, 66 subjects were asked about their perceived probability of being hurt by the missiles. Additionally, they completed a questionnaire that measured their fears and symptoms during the war, the State Anxiety scale of the Endler Multidimensional Anxiety Scales, and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS, Endler & Parker, 1990). The results showed an inverted U-shaped relationship between perceived probability of being hurt and the anxiety measures. A similar curvilinear relationship was found between perceived probability of being hurt and emotion coping strategy. Furthermore, it was found that those who appraised the possibility of being hurt as very high, more often used avoidance coping. The results are discussed within the framework of stress theories and are related to other inverted U-shape relationships found between threat appraisal and stressful reactions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 62
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords: Serotonin ; voltammetry ; corticosterone ; stress ; rat.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary. The effect of daily repeated 10 min immobilization on the serotoninergic neurotransmission and serum corticosterone levels was studied. Male Lewis rats were immobilized for a 10 min period daily once or on 5 consecutive days. Serotoninergic neurotransmission was followed using differential in vivo pulse voltammetry with carbon fibre electrodes measuring extracellular 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels. Recordings were performed in brain areas involved in the control of behaviour, mood, and stress response such as the frontal cortex, the hippocampal CA-3 and dentate gyrus, the striatum, and the raphe nuclei dorsalis (NRD) and medialis (MRN). The first immobilization resulted in an increase of the extracellular 5-HIAA levels in all areas under study, except the striatum where no reaction was observed. The major effect was recorded in the frontal cortex, showing an increase of about 400% as compared to control, which lasted for 3 h after the end of the immobilization period. Beginning on day 2 in all areas, except the striatum, a consecutive habituation to the stressor seemed to occur, since the stress-induced increase in the voltammetric signal was found to be reduced after consecutive immobilization. Serum corticosterone levels were measured directly after a single and after 5 daily immobilization periods. After single immobilization the serum corticosterone level was found to be about 270 ng/ml. After the 5th immobilization about 300 ng/ml were detected. These differences were not found to be significant. In summary, our data indicate that the serotonin metabolism shows habituation in nearly all brain areas after repeated immobilization, though the corticosterone level at the end of the immobilization period was comparable after single and repeated immobilization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 63
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Schlagwort(e): Key words:Helicobacter pylori ; duodenal ulcer ; stress ; smoking
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: We report a patient—a 42-year-old man—who had suffered from recurrent duodenal ulcer for about 20 years. Successful curative therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection was performed for 2 weeks with new triple omeprazole, anoxicillin, clarithromycin (OAC) treatment in October 1995, and cure of the infection was repeatedly confirmed by histology, culture, and the 13C urea breath test. One month after the curative therapy, recurrence of a small duodenal ulcer was observed and in February another duodenal ulcer and reflux esophagitis occurred, with severe symptoms, despite the continuous administration of ranitidine. None of the examinations to reconfirm cure of the infection revealed the presence of H. pylori. As the patient experienced continual psychological stress and smoked more frequently during the recurrent episode and had not used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, stress and smoking appeared to play important roles in the relapse of duodenal ulcer in this patient after cure of H. pylori infection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 2829-2833 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Schlagwort(e): Raman ; LAM ; stress ; polyethylene ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The Raman longitude acoustical mode (LAM) study of axially stressed polyethylene-made microfilms gave evidence of the formation of the straight tie molecules localized in two neighboring crystals and in an amorphous layer situated between them. The samples were bicomponent blends composed of polyethylenes with different MW (7 × 104 and 2 × 106). Each MW fraction exhibits an individual LAM band responding to crystals with the size specific to a given fraction. Under tensile stress, the bands shift insignificantly towards an exciting laser line. In addition, the LAM localized on all-trans sequencies with the length exceeding the mean crystallite size appear in the spectrum of a stressed sample. The reversibility of these spectral changes depends on the draw ratio of samples. We conclude the effect is due to stress-induced gauch-to-trans transformations taking place in the amorphous layers. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 2829-2833, 1998
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 22 (1998), S. 393-416 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Schlagwort(e): fabric ; porosity ; tensor ; yield ; stress ; strain ; Engineering ; Civil and Mechanical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: The porosity of soils is considered to be a directional measure and its distribution is characterized by a functional form. This form has been used to extend the critical state soil mechanics framework to include the effects of structure in soils. A new internal plastic energy dissipation formulation has been proposed to account for fabric arrangement. New expressions for the yield locus, and the plastic stress-strain response of structural soils have been derived. The applicability of the concepts to model the plastic stress-strain behaviour of a number of soils is illustrated. The advantage of the new model is very well identified in modelling the stress-strain behaviour of K0 consolidated and natural clays. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Zusätzliches Material: 24 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
Schließen ⊗
Diese Webseite nutzt Cookies und das Analyse-Tool Matomo. Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier...