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  • 1990-1994  (7.463)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1890-1899
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (7.463)
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  • 101
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Generalized rank annihilation method. I: Derivation of eigenvalue problems (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994), S. 147-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): RAFA ; GRAM ; Eigenvalue problem ; Complex solution ; Degenerate solution ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Rank annihilation factor analysis (RAFA) is a method for multicomponent calibration using two data matrices simultaneously, one for the unknown and one for the calibration sample. In its most general form, the generalized rank annihilation method (GRAM), an eigenvalue problem has to be solved. In this first paper different formulations of GRAM are compared and a slightly different eigenvalue problem will be derived. The eigenvectors of this specific eigenvalue problem constitute the transformation matrix that rotates the abstract factors from principal component analysis (PCA) into their physical counterparts. This reformulation of GRAM facilitates a comparison with other PCA-based methods for curve resolution and calibration. Furthermore, we will discuss two characteristics common to all formulations of GRAM, i.e. the distinct possibility of a complex and degenerate solution. It will be shown that a complex solution-contrary to degeneracy-should not arise for components present in both samples for model data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080206
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  • 102
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Efficiency in research, development and production: The statistical design and analysis of chemical experiments, Leslie Davies, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1993, ISBN 0 85186 137 7 xii + 180 pp., available from The Royal Society of Chemistry, Turpin Distribution Services, Ltd., Blackhorse Road, Letchworth, Herts SG6 IHN, U.K., £19.50 (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994), S. 177-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080210
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  • 103
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Conference announcement (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994), S. 179-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080211
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  • 104
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comments on the DATa ANalysis (DATAN) algorithm and rank annihilation factor analysis for the analysis of correlated spectral data (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994), S. 287-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): Rank annihilation ; Principal components ; Procrustes rotation ; Multivariate analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: It is shown that the DATa ANalysis (DATAN) algorithm can be expressed in terms of rank annihilation factor analysis (RAFA). Subsequent advances in RAFA are applied to DATAN to eliminate the problems and restrictions associated with DATAN. The extension of DATAN in terms of the trilinear decomposition algorithm is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080407
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  • 105
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neural networks for chemists. An introduction, Jure Zupan and Johann Gasteiger, VCH, Weinheim, 1993, ISBN 3-527-28603-9 (soft cover), 3-527-28592-X (hard cover), 305 pp., £28 (soft), £57 (hard) (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994), S. 297-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080410
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080501
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  • 107
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the use of conditional maximization in chemometrics (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994), S. 365-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): Censored data ; ECM and EM algorithms ; Incomplete data ; Maximum likehhood ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The purpose of this short communication is to illustrate the use of conditional maximization (CM) in chemometric applications. The CM algorithm is useful in reducing the computational complexity when a high-dimensional and complicated maximization problem arises from fitting chemometric models. It can also be efficiently combined with the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for handling incomplete data, a problem that sometimes arises when only a part of the intended data can be collected. Three models from fluorescence spectroscopy are used for illustration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080506
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  • 108
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080601
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  • 109
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use of double windowing, variable selection, variable ranking and resolvability indices in window factor analysis (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994), S. 423-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): Resolvability ; Evolutionary factor analysis ; Variable selection ; Window factor analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A method for selecting variables in the non-sequential direction of a two-way data matrix (e.g. wavelength in diode array HPLC) is described. Composition 1 and 2 resolvability indices are calculated according to the size of eigenvalues of uncentred data matrices as a window is moved along the sequential direction. A double-window technique is then performed where resolvability indices are calculated as a window is moved along the non-sequential direction. Some regions have higher resolvability indices and hence are more useful for resolution. Variables are ranked according to resolvability. Two simulations are analysed and it is shown that it is possible to obtain good resolution on a small subset of the original variables.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080607
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  • 110
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diary (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080102
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  • 111
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Error analysis of the generalized rank annihilation method (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994), S. 45-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): GRAM ; GSVD ; Propagation of errorS ; Correlated noise ; Uncorrelated noise ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The effects of correlated and uncorrelated random errors on the precision of predicted quantitative and qualitative information obtained by analysis with the generalized rank annihilation method (GRAM) are shown. These are discussed in terms of propagation of errors through the algorithm. The effects of colinearity, noise level and noise distribution are compared and discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080106
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  • 112
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    TRIC, The First Conference on Three-way Methods in Chemistry, Epe, Netherlands, 227-25 August, 1993 (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994), S. 97-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080110
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  • 113
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080201
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  • 114
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Slowly converging parafac sequences: Swamps and two-factor degeneracies (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994), S. 155-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): Trilinear models ; Tensorial resolution ; PARAFAC ; Swamps ; Two-factor degeneracy ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The alternating least squares PARAFAC algorithm is a useful tool for resolving trilinear three-way data arrays. Occasionally, however, it becomes bogged down for many iterations in the vicinity of a poor quality resolution before moving on to a much superior optimum fit. We investigate this behavior in a simulation study and suggest ways of overcoming the obstacles it presents.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080207
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  • 115
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identifying significant effects in fractional factorial experiments (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994), S. 205-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): Fractional factorial design ; Significant effects ; ANOVA ; Probability plotting ; Bayes plot ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: This paper presents a method for identifying significant effects in fractional factorial designs. The method is based on comparing functions of the estimated effects with a scale invariant reference distribution. The method is illustrated and compared with alternative techniques on a dataset from processed cheese production. The method corresponded well to other methods (probability plotting and Bayes plot) that do not make use of error estimates. These methods were better than F-tests with few (two or four) degrees of freedom for error.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080304
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  • 116
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080401
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  • 117
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Direct distance measures in factor analysis spectral resolution (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994), S. 245-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): Factor analysis ; Spectral resolution ; Two-dimensional luminescence ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A factor analysis algorithm that estimates the spectra of mixture components using the set of most dissimilar rows and/or columns is described and illustrated. This algorithm uses the distance as a measure of spectral similarity and is suitable for application to a variety of the bilinear matrix-formatted data types produced by hyphenated and multidimensional analytical techniqes. The algorithm requires that the data matrix contain at least one row or column that corresponds to the pure spectrum of each component to effect accurate spectral resolution. The performance of the method is illustrated using the resolution of excitation and emission spectra of up to four components from experimental fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs). In the case of the EEM, characteristic bands in an emission spectrum effect resolution of the excitation spectrum of the corresponding component, while characteristic bands in an excitation spectrum lead to resolution of the corresponding emission spectrum. The use of the set of most dissimilar rows and columns to evaluate the degree of overlap in the component spectra and compare the quality of row and column solutions is also described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080404
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  • 118
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Methods for experimental design, Jacques L. Goupy, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993, ISBN 0-444-89529-9, 465 pp., 325 fl (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994), S. 293-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080408
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  • 119
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Statistical methods in analytical chemistry, Peter C. Meier and Richard E. Zünd, Wiley, New York, 1993, ISBN 0-471-58454-1, 321 pp. (disk included), £49.50 (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994), S. 295-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080409
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  • 120
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Correction (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994), S. 303-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080413
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  • 121
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Erratum (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994), S. 373-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080508
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  • 122
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mathematical analysis of spectral orthogonality, John H. Kalivas and Patrick M. Lang, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1993, ISBN 0-8247-9155-X, 344 pp., $145.00 (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 8 (1994), S. 445-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080609
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  • 123
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of sorbitan ester surfactants. Part I: High performance liquid chromatography (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 15-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): HPLC ; Surfactants ; Sorbitan esters ; Span ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Sorbitan ester surfactants are very complicated mixtures. An improved and simple reversed phase high performance liquid chroma tographic (HPLC) method employing a C18 column has been developed for the rapid separation of sorbitan ester surfactants and the quantitative determination of the distribution of sorbitan mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraester fractions. The sorbitan ester distribution of the six Span and Arlacel surfactants studied was calculated using relative response factors obtained from analysis of pure glycerides of fatty acids. The effects of mobile phase composition on the accuracy and reliability of the distribution values calculated for the sorbitan esters were investigated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170104
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  • 124
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of combustion sources for sulfur chemiluminescence detection (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 22-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): High resolution gas chromatography, HRGC ; Sulfur chemiluminescence detection (SCD) ; Sulfur gases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Three different types of SCD combustion source have been evaluated for use in the chromatographic analysis of atmospheric sulfur compounds. The conventional FID source and the newer inverted burner source were found to be less sensitive and less stable than the flameless design. Overall, the flameless source was superior for use with HRGC-SCD.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170106
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  • 125
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Split and splitless injection in capillary GC. By Konrad Grob, 3rd Enlarged and Revised Edition, Hüthig Buch Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, 1993, xxiv, 547 pp., Hard cover, $ 103.25, ISBN 3-7785-2151-9 (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 46-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170111
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  • 126
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical analysis for the arson investigator and attorney. By W. Bertsch, G. Holzer, and C. S. Sellers. Hüthig Buch Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany (1993), xiii, 525 pp., Hard cover, $ 137.50, ISBN 3-7785-1890-9 (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 46-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170112
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Troubleshooting in the separation sciences problems and solutions (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 53-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170117
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  • 128
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Automated large volume injection in capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 49-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Automated injection ; Solvent venting ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170115
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  • 129
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170201
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  • 130
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Applications of capillary supercritical fluid chromatography to the characterization of edible oils and traditional chinese medicines (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 74-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) ; Edible oils ; Traditional Chinese medicines ; Characterization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A home-made supercritical fluid chromatograph fitted with a capillary micropacked column and equipped with FID detection has been used to separate the components of silicone DC-200, beeswax, tea oil, cod-liver oil, rancid butter, and several traditional Chinese medicines such as Honghua oil, Jiuxin oil, and Wanhua oil.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170206
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  • 131
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use of experimental design to optimize the analysis of volatile compounds by dynamic headspace extraction followed by cold trapping and capillary GC (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 91-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Capillary GC ; Thermal cold trapping (TCT) ; Volatile compounds ; Experimental design ; Optimization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A central composite design has been used to improve the extraction performance of a dynamic headspace method; extraction yield was evaluated on a homogeneous sample of cheese powder. The volatile compounds were stripped from the sample with nitrogen and adsorbed on a Tenax trap, analysis being performed with a thermal cold trapping injector connected directly to a capillary GC. Three variables (sample temperature, extraction time, and nitrogen flow rate) were investigated, and a quadratic model with interactions was postulated. Twenty experiments was performed, each producing five responses. It was shown that the best conditions for the extraction procedure were those characterized by the highest values of the three variables investigated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170209
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  • 132
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of sorbitan ester surfactants. Part II: Capillary supercritical fluid chromatographyThis paper was presented at Pittcon '93 on Methods for The Analysis of Environmental Samples. (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Capillary SFC ; Solid phase extraction ; Quantitative analysis ; Salt-water ; Surfactants ; Span surfactants ; Sorbitan esters ; Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A rapid, simple and quantitative approach to the separation and identification of sorbitan ester surfactants has been developed using capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The sorbitan ester surfactants were well separated into five groups: starting materials and mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraesters, with each group consisting of a number of peaks representing different isomers. High purity glycerides of fatty acids were employed to estimate the relative response factors of sorbitan esters, and reliable group-wise integration served for quantitation of the distribution of sorbitan fatty acid esters. A very important parameter, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), which describes the hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics of surfactants, could be correlated with the distribution of the sorbitan esters. A combination of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and SFC was used to separate, concentrate, and analyze Span-20 from salt-water samples. In comparison with the HPLC method, capillary SFC broadens the scope of the technique to encompass high molecular weight sorbitan polyesters while maintaining high separation efficiency.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170208
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  • 133
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Direct separation of the enantiomers of β-blockers by cyclodextrin-mediated capillary zone electrophoresis (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 99-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) ; Chiral separation ; Separation of enantiomers ; Cyclodextrins ; β-Blockers ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170212
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  • 134
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Troubleshooting in the separation sciences (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 116-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170217
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  • 135
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Awards (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 119-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170220
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  • 136
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical characterization of gorse pyrolytic oils by capillary gas chromatography (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 20-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Capillary GC ; GC-MS ; Gorse pyrolytic oil ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Thermochemical conversion of biomass produces solid charcoal, gaseous fuels, and condensable oils. Because these oils vary widely in composition depending on the cellulosic feedstock and the operating conditions used, analysis of the oils is necessary in order to determine the best ways of utilizing or disposing of them. The major components of the organic oil from pyrolysis of gorse have been characterized by capillary gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. A qualitative study of the aqueous oil from the same source has also been attempted.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170105
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  • 137
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The performance of various capillary columns for the analysis of volatile flavor compounds in dairy products by dynamic headspace gas chromatography (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 25-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): GC ; Dynamic headspace analysis ; Capillary columns ; Flavor ; Volatile flavor compounds ; Dairy products ; Cheese ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The aim of this study was to test the suitability and performance of various stationary phases and column dimensions for dynamic headspace gas chromatography of food aromas. The trials were performed using an aqueous test mixture containing thirty seven volatile flavor components of intense aroma, and a sample of ripe Swiss Emmental cheese.The best performance with both samples was obtained with a capillary column coated with a thick film of polydimethylsiloxane. This column resolved the greatest number of compounds in the cheese sample and resulted in the overlapping of one pair of peaks only from the test mixture. Because of its other advantages, i. e. high capacity owing to its film thickness, and insensitivity to the high moisture content of some samples or traces of oxygen in the carrier gas, the polydimethylsiloxane column appears suitable for the analysis of the volatile and highly polar compounds present in complex mixtures such as food aroma.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170107
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  • 138
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The selectivity and polarity of carbon layer open tubular capillary columns modified with a polar liquid phase (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Capillary GC ; Graphitized carbon black ; Carbon layer open tubular columns ; Column polarity ; Retention times prediction ; Programmed temperature GC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The polarity of carbon layer open tubular (CLOT) columns coated with a layer of non-porous graphitized carbon black (Carbopack B) modified with an appropriate amount of polar polyglycol liquid phase has been evaluated and compared with that of standard polar (Supelcowax-10) and non-polar (SPB-1) bonded phase open tubular columns. The efficiency and selectivity were measured at various temperatures and the polarity of the columns was evaluated by use of McReynolds' constants and the difference in apparent carbon number, ΔC of linear alkanes and alcohols. The polarity of the CLOT column was found to depend on temperature, and changing the analytical conditions therefore enabled the separation of compounds of different polarity whose reciprocal position and resolution were affected by temperature. The application of calculation methods which enable programmed temperature retention times to be predicted from isothermal data was also found to be possible when the polarity of the CLOT column changes with temperature.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170108
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  • 139
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Product news (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 47-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170113
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  • 140
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Career connections (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 48-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170114
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  • 141
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Separation of linalyl acetate enantiomers: Application to the authentication of bergamot food products (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 184-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chiral capillary GC ; Linalyl acetate ; Bergamot ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170314
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  • 142
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170401
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  • 143
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Separation of fuels, heavy fractions, and crude oils into compound classes: A review (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): GC and GC-MS ; HPLC ; SFC ; TLC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Practically all the conventional chromatographic techniques are used in the characterization of the highly complex mixtures of organic compounds occurring in fuels, heavy fractions, and crude oils. This paper surveys the techniques employed for class determination, preparative fractionation of the main classes, and determination of subgroups after class fractionation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170403
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  • 144
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Size exclusion chromatography sample pretreatment for GC-AED analysis of metalloporphyrins in crude oils (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Size exclusion chromatography ; Gas chromatography - atomic emission detection ; Sample pretreatment ; Metalloporphyrins ; Crude oil ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) has been demonstrated to be an effective and reproducible sample pretreatment procedure for removal of heavy oil matrices prior to GC-AED analysis of metalloporphyrins, and for the resolution of volatile metal species into clean and defined fractions. This paper also discusses the results obtained by SEC for determination of the distribution of metallopor-phyrins in crude oils and the correlation between total metal, metal-loporphyrin, and total distillable metal content.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170406
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  • 145
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Adsorptive interaction between nitrogen compounds and organic and/or mineral phases in subsurface rocks. Models for compositional fractionation of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds in petroleum during petroleum migration (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 230-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Nitrogen compounds ; Alkylcarbazoles ; Analytical TLC ; Oil migration ; Crude oils ; Petroleum source rocks ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The results are reported of a range of laboratory chromatographic fractionation experiments with synthetic model compounds and a petroleum pyrrolic nitrogen fraction. Reversed phase separation of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds was governed mainly by the number of carbon atoms in the molecule, with little selectivity toward different positional isomers, whereas normal phase separation of the compounds could be explained in terms of steric effects related to alkylation position. Comparison of experimental results from model compounds with observations made previously using sets of natural samples taken from sedimentary basins clearly suggests adsorptive interactions between organic and mineral phases are involved in the compositional fractionation of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds in petroleum during migration. Detailed studies of the effects of petroleum migration on the molecular distribution of petroleum pyrrolic nitrogen compounds may provide useful, quantifiable, migration-related geochemical parameters.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170408
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  • 146
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of Fischer-Tropsch by-product waters by gas chromatography (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Fischer-Tropsch waters ; Alcohols in water ; Carboxylic acids in water ; Aldehydes in water ; Ketones in water ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: This paper describes a quantitative technique for the determination of organic constituents in Fischer-Tropsch by-product waters. Temperature-programmed gas chromatography on derivatized bonded polar capillary columns provides the required separation that permits reliable quantitation of individual compounds. A preliminary combined gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric survey to identify the components present in Fischer-Tropsch by-product waters is presented. The elution order of 58 identified components is tabulated. Components identified in a typical Fischer-Tropsch by-product water include C1-C9 linear and branched alcohols, C3—C8 ketones, C2—C6 carboxylic acids, and C2—C4 linear aldehydes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170410
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  • 147
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Application of high temperature high resolution gas chromatography to paraffinic deposits in petroleum production pipelines (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 259-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): High temperature capillary GC ; SPI injector ; Cold on-column injector ; Paraffin deposition ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: HTHRGC was found essential for optimizing representative preparation of high molecular weight samples and enabling fingerprinting of heavy fractions of crude oils and associated paraffinic deposits in production pipelines. Laboratory experiments aimed at simulating the process of paraffin deposition could also be easily evaluated. A comparative investigation of the performance of cold on-column and SPI (PTV type) injectors, in conjunction with high temperature capillary columns, for analysis of high molecular weight fractions, was also conducted during the course of this work.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170413
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  • 148
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitrogen speciation of polar petroleum compounds by compound class separation and on-line liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 271-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): High boiling petroleum fractions ; Polar petroleum compounds ; Compound class separation ; Normal phase HPLC ; On-line LC-MS ; Low voltage electron-impact ionization ; High resolution mass spectrometry ; Deuterated ammonia chemical ionization ; ‘Neutral’ and ‘basic’ nitrogen fractions ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Chromatography on Attapulgus clay and on silicic acid has been used to isolate ‘neutral’ and ‘basic’ nitrogen fractions from the 650-1050 °F distillate of an off-shore Californian crude oil. These polar compounds were subjected to on-line liquid chromatography - mass spectrometric (LC-MS) analysis using low voltage electron-impact ionization high resolution mass spectrometry (LVEI HRMS) and deuterated ammonia chemical ionization (ND3 Cl) to determine the molecules' elemental composition and number of exchangeable hydrogen atoms. On-line separation of heavy oils into saturated, 1-4 ring aromatic, and polar compounds was performed by normal phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a dinitroanilinopropyl (DNAP) silica column.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170415
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  • 149
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fossil fuel applications of SFC and SFE: A review (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 212-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): SFE ; SFC ; Hydrocarbon group separation ; Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ; Total petroleum hydrocarbons ; Simulated distillation ; Polymer additives ; Sulfur chemiluminescence detection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The use of supercritical fluid technology for sample preparation and analysis in the petroleum industry will be described using various examples including: separation of petroleum fuels into hydrocarbon classes, determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon in soils and petroleum fuels, characterization of fuel-contaminated soil, assessment of fuel boiling point distribution, determination of polymer additives, and characterization of shale rock and drilling mud.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170405
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  • 150
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High temperature gas chromatography - atomic emission detection of metalloporphyrins in crude oils (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 223-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Atomic emission detection ; High temperature GC ; GC-AED ; Microwave-induced plasma ; Metalloporphyrins ; Selective detection of metals ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: High temperature gas chromatography-atomic emission spectroscopy is used for the detection of vanadyl, nickel, and iron porphyrins in crude oils. The operational variables are investigated with regard to the effects on performance in high temperature GC-AED. Under optimal conditions, the method provides charactersitic metal distributions for oils from different sources. The method is also advantageous in the study of decomposition of petroleum metal species. Several crude oils were analyzed for the content of the distillable metals in comparison with total metals as determined by a direct spectroscopic method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170407
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  • 151
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enantiomeric composition of the chiral constituents of essential oils. Part 2: Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 315-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Enantioselective GC ; Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons ; Cyclodextrin derivatives ; Essential oils ; Liverworts ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A number of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons commonly occurring in essential oils has been prepared as racemic mixtures by chemical synthesis. Preparative gas chromatography with selectively per-O-alkylated cyclodextrins has been employed for the isolation of enantiomeric mixtures or pure enantiomers from the essential oils of higher plants and liverworts (Hepaticae). The enantiomers of α-curcumene, α- and β-bisabolene, β-elemene, δ-elemene, α-copaene, δ-cadinene, cis- and trans-calamenene, and bicyclogermacrene could be resolved by enantioselective gas chromatography on capillary columns coated with cyclodextrin derivatives. The enantiomeric composition of these sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in various essential oils was determined.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170507
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  • 152
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of the constituents of a complex mixture by combined use of retention indices and specific multidetection responses (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 335-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Capillary GC ; Specific detectors ; ECD:NPD response ratio ; ECD:FPD response ratio ; Retention indices ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The ratio of the responses of two different specific detectors to a single compound has, when used in conjunction with the compound's retention index, been investigated as an identification criterion for the compound. The ECD:NPD and ECD:FPD response ratios have been used for the identification of some pesticides. Analyses were performed with a single column - dual parallel detection - personal computer system.The reliability of the detector response ratio (DRR) was demonstrated by the consistency of detector response with time, and the influence of the quantity of analyte and of the chromatographic operating conditions. These factors were selected in the expectation that the technique could be used for routine trace analysis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170510
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  • 153
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Separation of the enantiomers of stable atropisomeric polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by multidimensional gas chromatography on Chirasil-Dex (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 347-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Multidimensional enantioselective GC ; Stable atropisomeric polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) ; Chirasil-Dex ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170513
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  • 154
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Career connections (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 354-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170516
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  • 155
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Guest editorial (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 369-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170602
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  • 156
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of a C9—C10 aromatic hydrocarbon pyrolysis distillate by multidimensional capillary GC and multidimensional capillary GC-MS (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 407-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): High resolution capillary GC (HRGC) ; Coupled GC-GC-MS ; Hydrocarbon distillate ; Alkylbenzenes ; Alkenylbenzenes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: This paper describes the use of multidimensional capillary gas chromatography for analysis of individual components in a C9—C10 aromatic hydrocarbon pyrolysis distillate containing substantial amounts of aromatic olefins. By coupling this GC-GC system on-line to a mass spectrometer difficulties in identifying overlapping compounds were overcome. No coelution of different types of compound was observed, but a few isomeric compounds such as methylstyrenes were poorly separated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170606
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  • 157
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Automated sample cleanup using on-line coupling of size exclusion chromatography to high resolution gas chromatography (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 411-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Size exclusion chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Coupled LC-GC ; Cleanup and analysis ; Automation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A fully automated on-line sample cleanup system based on the coupling of size exclusion chromatography to high resolution gas chromatography is described. The transfer technique employed is based on fully concurrent solvent evaporation using a loop-type interface, early vapor exit and co-solvent trapping. Optimization of the LC-GC transfer was done visually via an all-glass oven door. To circumvent the problem of mixing within the injection loop, an adaptation was made to the standard loop-type interface. The determination of a series of additives in a polymer matrix is presented as one example of the vast range of applications opened up by this technique.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170607
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  • 158
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The magnitude and reproducibility of the electroosmotic flow in silica capillary tubes (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 325-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Capillary electrophoresis ; Repeatability of electroosmotic flow ; Silica capillary tubes ; Column pretreatment ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The influence of a number of factors, such as the nature of the buffer, the presence of additives therein, the manufacturing conditions, and the pretreatment of the capillary, on the magnitude and repeatability of the electroosmotic flow (EOF) in silica capillary tubes has been investigated. It was established that the nature of the buffer plays the most significant role in respect of the stability and magnitude of EOF, whereas the conditions used for manufacture and pretreatment of the tubing are less important. The EOF obtained using buffers consisting of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane and ethylenediamine was more repeatable than that obtained using pure phosphate buffers. Buffer additives such as sodium dodecylsulfate, 1-butanol, sodium salts of 1-pentanesulfonic acid and 1-heptanesulfonic acid, altered the magnitude of the EOF only, not its repeatability.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170509
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  • 159
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    HPTLC separation of platinum metal 8-hydroxyquinolinates (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 343-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): High performance thin layer chromatography ; Platinum metal 8-hydroxyquinolinates ; Polar stationary phases ; Retention, effect of mobile phase ; Sample preparation ; Optimization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: High performance thin layer chromatography has been used to separate all the platinum metal 8-hydroxyquinolinates on polar stationary phases. The dependence of Rf values on the composition of mobile phases prepared from chloroform - tetrahydrofuran or chloroform - alcohol mixtures has been investigated. Retention was found to be partially dependent on alcohol chain length in chloroform - alcohol systems. The results obtained from TLC are dependent on the method of sample preparation used for the analyte.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170512
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  • 160
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simultaneous determination of organotin, organolead, and organomercury compounds in environmental samples using capillary gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 527-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Capillary gas chromatography ; Atomic emission detector ; Organotin compounds ; Organolead compounds ; Organomercury compounds ; Grignard derivatization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: As part of a continuing evaluation of new analytical and sample preparation techniques conducted by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the use of capillary gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (GC-AED) for the simultaneous determination of organotin, organolead, and organomercury compounds in environmental samples was investigated. Pentylmagnesium bromide was used to pentylate ionic organotin, organolead, and organomercury compounds; the pentyl derivatives were then separated by GC and determined by AED. Several important GC-AED parameters, including the type of injector inlet, carrier gas flow rate, and helium make-up gas flow rate, were optimized for the simultaneous determination of these organometallic compounds. Their minimum detectable concentrations were approximately 1.0 to 2.5 ng/mL using a 0.5-μL on-column injection. The calibration curves exhibited good linearity between 2.5 and 2500 ng/mL for organotin and organolead compounds, and between 2.5 and 10000 ng/mL for organomercury compounds.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170705
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  • 161
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Computerized GC/MS detection of monoaromatic and triaromatic steroid hydrocarbons in Alamein crude oil (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 549-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): GC/MS ; Crude oils ; Monoaromatic steroids ; Triaromatic steroids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Series of C-ring monoaromatic steroid hydrocarbons (C21, C22, C27 — C29) and triaromatic steroid hydrocarbons (C20, C21, C26 — C28) have been recognized in the aromatic hydrocarbon fraction of Alamein crude oil from the western desert, Egypt. Detection of these compounds were based on mass fragmentography of the key ions m/z 253 and m/z 231 and comparison of the mass spectra and relative retention times with literature data. The predominance of the C29 monoaromatic steroids and C28 triaromatic steroids provide further evidence for a land plant origin of Alamein oil. The results substantiate previous evidence of the occurrence of an aromatization process with increasing maturation and indicate a moderate maturity level for Alamein oil.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170708
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  • 162
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Increasing GC separation efficiency by electronic pressure control? (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 556-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170710
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  • 163
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Capillary electrophoresis determination of baicalein, baicalin, wogonin and wogonin-7-O-glucuronide in traditional Chinese medicinal preparations (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 559-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Capillary electrophoresis ; Scutellariae Radix ; Flavonoids determination ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170713
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  • 164
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Troubleshooting in the separation sciences (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 567-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170717
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  • 165
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170801
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  • 166
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High temperature gas chromatography of trimethylsilyl derivatives of alcohol ethoxylates and ethoxysulfates (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 593-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): High Temperature Gas Chromatography (HTGC) ; Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide ; Ethoxylated alcohols ; Ethoxylated alcohol sulfates ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Conversion of ethoxylated alcohols to trimethylsilyl derivatives and subsequent high temperature gas chromatography allowed for the determination of alkyl chain distribution, mole average degree of ethoxylation and weight percent distribution of several commercial mixtures. Repetitive derivatizations and analyses of a mixture with a vendor specified mole average degree of ethoxylation of 3.0 (Neodol 23-3), yielded an experimental result of 2.93 ± 0.05 (n = 6). Mixtures with different alkyl chain distributions and higher degrees of ethoxylation provided similar accuracy. Extension of the method to the analysis of ethoxylated alcohol sulfate raw materials and ethoxylated alcohol sulfates in dishwashing liquids is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170806
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  • 167
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An accurate fluoride calibration in the presence of strong interference from carbonate in ion chromatography (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 607-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Ion Chromatography, IC ; Interference ; Fluoride ; Carbonate ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170809
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  • 168
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chiral separations of acidic compounds by dextrin-mediated capillary zone electrophoresis (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 609-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) ; Chiral separation ; Separation of enantiomers ; Acidic chiral compounds ; Dextrins ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170810
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  • 169
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular characterization of organically-bound sulfur in crude oils. A feasibility study for the application of Raney Ni desulfurization as a new method to characterize crude oilsNIOZ Marine Biogeochemistry Division Contribution No. 320. (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 489-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Crude oils ; Organic sulfur ; Desulfurization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Five crude oils with varying sulfur contents (0.1 - 4.7%) were characterized on a molecular level for organically-bound sulfur. Aromatic fractions were analyzed by GC-(MS) and asphaltene and polar fractions were analyzed by flash pyrolysis-GC-(MS). The polar fractions were also desulfurized with Raney Ni and the hydrocarbons formed were analyzed by GC-MS. Major sulfur compounds in the aromatic fractions were identified as alkylbenzo- and alkyldiben-zothiophenes. The flash pyrolyzates of the asphaltene contained alkylthiophenes and alkylbenzothiophenes as major compounds, depending on the thermal maturity of the oil. Generally, the sulfur-rich crude oils contained relatively more sulfur compounds. The flash pyrolyzates of polar fractions contained a variety of sulfur compounds (alkylthiolanes, alkylthianes, terpenoid sulfides, alkylbenzothiophenes) with substantial differences between different crude oils. Raney Ni desulfurization of the polar fraction yielded hydrocarbons dominated by n-alkanes, but isoprenoid alkanes, n-alkylcyclohexanes, mid-chain methylalkanes, tricyclic terpanes, hopanes and steranes were also present. These hydrocarbons show a potential to fingerprint crude oils since their distribution patterns are more characteristic than those of the hydrocarbons present in the saturated hydrocarbon fraction.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170616
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  • 170
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of alkali metals and metal-ammonia complexes on electroosmosis, effective field strength, and resolution in the separation of diuretics by CZE (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 537-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Metal-ammonia complexes ; Electroosmosis ; Field strength ; Diuretics ; Resolution ; Capillary length ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The counter ion in CZE separation systems affects resolution, effective field strength and electroosmosis. Alkali metals (lithium, sodium, potassium, and cesium), the ammonium ion, and several complexes of metals with ammonia ([Ag(NH3)2]+, [Cu(NH3)4]2+, [Zn(NH3)4]2+, [Cd(NH3)4]2+, [Ni(NH3)6]2+, and [Co(NH3)6]2+) have been studied for their effect on the separation of diuretics. With the alkali metals the electroosmotic flow velocity decreased and the effective field strength and resolution increased as the hydrated radius of the alkali metal decreased.All the metal-ammonia complexes except that with silver greatly reduced the electroosmotic flow velocity (Veo) and had only a slight effect on the effective field strength (Eeff). Because these complexes had a negligible effect on the ionic strength of the buffer, they enabled high separating power to be maintained during the separation, and hence the use of more energy in the separation system. This yielded better resolution of the compounds, but the analysis time was then compromised.A simultaneous reduction in capillary length and Veo while maintaining the high voltage enabled increased resolution without an increase in analysis time. The ability to control Veo by adding small concentrations (〈 100 μM) of metal complexes to the buffer solution makes it possible to adjust the analysis time and capillary length independently while employing high separation power.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170706
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  • 171
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of cis/trans isomers of methyl ester and oxazoline derivatives of unsaturated fatty acids using GC-FTIR-MS (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 543-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): GC-FTIR-MS ; Polyunsaturated fatty acids ; Methyl esters ; Oxazolines ; cis/trans isomers ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Identification of cis/trans isomers of unsaturated fatty acids cannot usually be achieved by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) without reference substances. In this study a GC-FTIR-MS system (gas chromatography-Fourier transform-mass spectrometry) was used to identify fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and differentiate between the cis/trans isomers. Besides methyl esters, 2-alkenyl-4,4-dimethyloxazoline derivatives (DMOX), which have been used to locate double bond positions of unsaturated fatty acids, were examined with respect to their suitability for cis/trans differentiation.A combined GC-FTIR-MS system with a wide band (4000-550 cm-1) mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector was used in series and parallel to identify 31 reference unsaturated fatty acids, including 7 pairs of cis/trans isomers. Serum samples of healthy persons and commercially available fish oil were analyzed as examples of complex mixtures. Using splitless injection the detection limit for the less sensitive IR detector was 25 ng/μl in case of the weak cis and trans bands.In the FTIR spectra cis/trans isomers were identified by analysis of bands arising from C—H out-of-plane (oop) bending: for both the FAME and DMOX derivatives cis-1,2-disubstituted double bonds give a strong band near 720 cm-1 and the corresponding trans isomers near 967 cm-1. cis Isomers could be identified further by a band at 3012 cm-1. With the combined data of the GC-FTIR-MS system it is now possible to identify polyunsaturated fatty acids with regard to the discrimination of cis/trans isomers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170707
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  • 172
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the analysis of polar solutes on 50 μm i.d. open tubular LC columns (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 557-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Open tubular liquid chromatography (OTLC) ; Inertness ; Protein analysis ; Ultraviolet detection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170712
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  • 173
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of cycloheximide in microbial extracts with micellar electrokinetic chromatography (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 565-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Micellar electrokinetic chromatography ; Solid phase extraction ; Cycloheximide ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170716
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  • 174
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optimization of capillary SFC-MS for the determination of additives in polymers (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 573-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; On-line combination ; Polymer additives analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A standard direct introduction capillary interface is used for the SFC-MS analysis of polymer additives. The system is optimized with respect to the position of the restrictor, probe tip temperature, and ion source temperature. El-like charge-exchange spectra are obtained. Cl using ammonia as the reagent gas is used for the quantitative analysis of a real world sample.The experimental capillary SFC-MS spectra obtained show a good similarity with those recorded using the direct insertion probe. The influence of the experimental conditions on the mass spectra obtained is evaluated statistically.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170802
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  • 175
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Improving GC-MS screening analysis by functional-group-related silica gel fractionation of industrial wastewater extracts (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 589-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Silica gel fractionation ; GC-MS ; Industrial waste water analysis ; Biological water treatment ; Tannery waste water ; Dissolved organic compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The separation of the components of complex industrial waste water extracts according to their functional groups has been accomplished by use of small silica gel columns eluted with a hexane - dichloromethane - methanol gradient. The six fractions obtained covered a polarity range from aliphatic fatty acids to (aromatic) polyhydroxy and polyether compounds. Recovery of model compounds was between 75 and 105%.Used prior to GC-MS analysis this fractionation substantially enhances chromatographic resolution and facilitates peak identification. The procedure was exemplarily applied to an extract of anaerobically treated tannery waste water. Phenols, aromatic acids, and aromatic and aliphatic (poly)hydroxy acids, in the low ppm range, were determined as main constituents. Since fractionation extends the range of detection, trace substances such as chlorocresol, dichlorobenzoic acid, mercaptobenzothiazole, and mercaptoacetic acid were also detectable at the ppb level.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170805
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  • 176
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A brief study of the supercritical fluid chromatographic behavior of lanthanide β-diketonates (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 603-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Lanthanide β-diketonates ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The chromatographic behaviors of lanthanide chelates of acetylacetone (ACAC), trifluoroacetylacetone (TFA), thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA), dipivaloylmethane (THD), 6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedione (FOD), and the thenoyltrifluoroacetonepyridine (TTA·Py) adduct were investigated using packed column supercritical fluid chromatography. Mobile phases consisting of neat and alcohol modified CO2 were used with a phenyl packed stationary phase. Lanthanide complexes of ACAC, THD, and FOD were shown to have better chromatographic performance compared to the corresponding chelates with TFA, TTA, and TTA·Py. In particular, TTA complexes such as Eu(TTA)3 showed characteristic thermal decomposition in the mobile phase at elevated temperature. In addition, retention behavior was found to be a temperature dependent function of volatility and solubility for all chelates studied.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170808
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  • 177
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of the main flavonoids by use of chromatographic, electrophoretic, and ‘on-line’ spectral data (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 616-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): HPLC ; MEKC ; Diode-array detection ; Flavonoid analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170812
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  • 178
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Awards (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 622-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170815
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  • 179
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170901
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  • 180
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Limonene concentration in lemon (Citrus volkameriana) peel oil as a function of ripeness (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 643-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): High Resolution Capillary GC ; High Resolution GC-MS ; Lemon oil ; Citrus volkameriana ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The dependence of the limonene content of lemon (Citrus volkameriana) peel oil on the degree of ripeness of the fruit has been studied by using steam distillation and cold pressing to extract the oils from lemon fruit peel at different stages of maturation (green, greenish-yellow, and yellow-orange peel coloration). Samples of essential oils were analyzed by high resolution GC and GC-MS, using tetradecane as internal standard for quantitation. Forty components were detected; thirty eight were positively identified by comparison of their mass spectra (El, 70 eV) and Kováts retention indexes (determined using a non-logarithmic scale on capillary columns coated with both polar (DB-Wax) and non-polar (DB-1) stationary phases) with those of standards and with data reported in the literature. The limonene concentration reached a maximum level of 79.4% when the fruit was in the intermediate maturation stage characterized by greenish-yellow coloration.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170905
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  • 181
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enantiomeric separation of amino alcohols by gas chromatography on a chiral stationary phase; influence of the perfluoroacylating reagent on the separation (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 639-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Capillary GC ; Chiral stationary phase ; Chirasil-Val ; Cyclodextrins ; Perfluoroacylation ; Enantiomeric separation ; Amino alcohols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Racemic amino alcohols have been separated as perfluoroacylated derivatives by gas chromatography using either improved Chirasil-Val or heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl-3-O-pentyl)-β-cyclodextrin as stationary phase. Using Chirasil-Val all the amino alcohols investigated were separated to baseline (α values between 1.03 and 1.08) whereas only a few amino alcohols were resolved on the modified cyclodextrin column. The enantioselectivity obtained on the latter phase was, however, significantly higher.The separations were performed as trifluoroacetyl, pentafluoropropionyl, and heptafluorobutyryl derivatives and the chiral discrimination observed for the different derivatives was significantly different for both stationary phases.In oder to obtain a better understanding of the separation mechanism, the Gibbs-Helmholtz parameters Δ(R,S)ΔH° and Δ(R,S)ΔS° were determined. The most extraordinary result was obtained for the trifluoroacetyl derivative of allo-threoninol. In addition to the order of elution of the enantiomers being the opposite of that for the other compounds, the separation seems to be entropy controlled (the sign Δ(R,S)ΔH° is positive), i.e. the separation improved at higher temperatures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170904
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  • 182
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rapid analysis of free medium-chain fatty acids and related ethyl esters in beer using SPE and HRGC (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 662-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Capillary GC ; Sorbent cartridge ; Medium-chain fatty acids ; Fatty acid ethyl esters ; Beer analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A modification of a procedure by Hage [1] is proposed for the gas chromatographic evaluation of the content of free medium-chain fatty acids and related ethyl esters in beer. The method involves extraction of free fatty acids and ethyl esters by SPE using C18 bonded phase columns, derivatization of free fatty acids and related ethyl esters with diazomethane, and GC analysis using an SP-2340 capillary column. The results obtained have shown the method to be rapid and highly reproducible. The technique has been compared with other methods used for determination of free fatty acids.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170909
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  • 183
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of iphosphamide and seven metabolites in blood plasma, as stable trifluoroacetyl derivatives, by electron capture chemical ionization GC-MS (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 655-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Oxazaphosphorines ; Iphosphamide ; Iphosphamide metabolites ; Electron capture chemical ionization MS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A method is described for the determination of the antitumor agent iphosphamide and seven of its metabolites in the plasma of cancer patients by multiple ion monitoring (MIM) GC-MS, mainly using the electron capture chemical ionization mode, of stable methyl and/or trifluoroacetyl derivatives. The metabolites determined were 2- and 3-dechloroethyliphosphamide, 4-ketoiphosphamide, carboxyiphosphamide, iphosphamide mustard, and two previously undetected metabolites, chloroethylamine and 1,3-oxazolidine-2-one.The isolation of the acidic and neutral metabolites was performed by solid phase extraction on to C18 adsorbent at pH 4. The weakly acidic iphosphamide mustard, isolated under these conditions with a yield of ca 50%, was measured as a stable methyltrifluoroacetyl derivative, in contrast to the corresponding phosphoramide mustard of the isomer cyclophosphamide which decomposes during derivatization. Chloroethylamine and 1,3-oxazolidine-2-one were isolated with high yield by liquid extraction with ethyl acetate at pH 10.Selective measurement of several metabolite derivatives with similar retention times was performed by multiple ion monitoring MS of specific ion masses, using a methyl phenyl siloxane capillary column previously employed in the study of cyclophosphamide metabolites. Quantitation of metabolites in patient plasma samples could be performed in the concentration range 3 ng to 20 μg per ml of original plasma.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170908
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  • 184
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Liquid trapping after supercritical fluid extraction with modified carbon dioxide (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 759-764 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Supercrirtical fluid extraction (SFE) ; Modified carbon dioxide in SFE ; Liquid trapping ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A polarity test mix consisting of acetophenone, N,N-dimethylaniline, naphthalene, 2-naphthol, and n-tetracosane was spiked onto sand and extracted with carbon dioxide modified with acetonitrile, methanol, or toluene. The extracts were collected in chloroform, hexane, methanol, or a mixed collection solvent consisting of equal parts chloroform-hexane-methanol. The mixed collection solvent which showed excellent recoveries for pure CO2, had the worst recoveries of all the collection solvents with modified CO2. Overall hexane was the best collection solvent studied for these analytes under these extraction conditions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240171106
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  • 185
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Editorial (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 57-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170202
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  • 186
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170101
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  • 187
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Instrument-induced effects in the analysis of polycyclic aromatic compounds by capillary gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (GC-AED) (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 135-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): GC-AED ; High boiling PAC ; Peak splitting in discharge tube ; Additional make-up gas ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Peak splitting of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic compounds originating from the microwave plasma of an atomic emission detector (AED) coupled to a GC has been described and evaluated. The influence of the solute structure, solute concentration, and physical conditions in the AED (such as detector temperature, make-up gas flow, concentration of reagent gases and distance of column end from the plasma) have been studied. An explanation is presented for peak splitting, which is based on an insufficient solute decomposition and solute mass flow in the discharge tube. Modification of the instrument by introduction of additional make-up gas applied through the transfer line has been shown to improve peak shape and solute response.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170303
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  • 188
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High resolution capillary GC-MS analysis of low molecular weight organic compounds in municipal wastewater (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Capillary GC-MS ; Purge and trap GC-MS ; Extraction ; Solid phase extraction ; Fractionation ; Organic contaminants in municipal wastewater ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: High resolution capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been used in combination with various sample preparation methods to analyze a wide range of low molecular weight organic contaminants in municipal wastewaters. Volatile organic compounds were extracted using a purge and trap concentrator connected directly to a wide bore DB-624 capillary column. Because of the high organic load in wastewater samples, this method was preferred to the more sensitive closed loop stripping technique which suffered from competition effects and insufficient adsorbent capacity. Volatile and semi-volatile base/neutral compounds and acids were extracted with dichloromethane at pH 11 and pH 2, respectively, or were recovered using a simultaneous distillation-extraction procedure. Acidic compounds were subsequently derivatized using diazomethane methylation. Both fractions were separated with a 30m DB-5ms capillary column. Specific ionic substances (LAS, NTA, EDTA) were isolated by solid-phase extraction then derivatized with diazomethane (LAS) or acetyl chloride in n-butanol (NTA, EDTA) before GC-MS analysis.This array of techniques enabled the identification of more than 150 organic contaminants in the influent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant in northern suburban Paris. The individual concentrations of these contaminants ranged from 〈 0.1 μg/l to 5.7 mg/l.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170306
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  • 189
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Collection of enantiomer separation factors obtained by capillary gas chromatography on chiral stationary phases (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 169-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170309
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  • 190
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nonaqueous solvents in the on-line capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry analysis of drug metabolitesPreliminary account: Presented at the 4th Annual Frederick Conference on Capillary Electrophoresis held in Frederick, Maryland, October 19-20, 1993. (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 175-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Nonaqueous solvent ; Capillary electrophoresis ; CE-electrospray-mass spectrometry ; Drug metabolism ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170311
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  • 191
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enantioselective separations by capillary GC on derivatized cyclodextrins. Part 2: Determination of enantiomeric excess of some racemic 2,3-isopropylidene-1,2,3-cyclohexanetriol derivatives on permethyl α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 72-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Capillary gas chromatography (CGC) ; Enantioselective separations ; (2,3,6-Tri-O-methyl)cyclodextrins ; Enantiomeric excess determination ; 2,3-Isopropylidene-1,2,3-cyclohexanetriol derivatives ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Capillary GC on permethyl α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins has been applied to separate and quantify the enantiomers of some 2,3-iso-propylidene-1,2,3-cyclohexanetriol derivatives. Quantitative CGC data are compared to those obtained with chiral shift 1H NMR.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170205
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  • 192
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromatography calendar (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 98-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170211
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  • 193
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Capillary electrophoresis in non-crosslinked polyacrylamide columns containing hydrophobic additives (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 107-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Capillary electrophoresis ; Polyacrylamide ; Hydrophobic interaction ; Electrokinetic chromatography ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170215
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  • 194
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rapid separations of fullerenes by donor - acceptor liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 104-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): HPLC ; SFC ; Rapid analysis ; Donor - acceptor chromatography ; Acceptor bonded phases ; C60 fullerene ; C70 fullerene ; Higher fullerenes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170214
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  • 195
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Career connections (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 118-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170218
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  • 196
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170301
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  • 197
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On-line supercritical fluid derivatization and extraction - capillary gas chromatography of polar compounds (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 350-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Supercritical fluid extraction ; Supercritical fluid derivatization ; C18 adsorbent ; Capillary GC ; Polar compounds ; Phenoxycarboxylic acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170514
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  • 198
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170601
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  • 199
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of sulfur components in natural gas: A review (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 373-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): GC ; Natural gas analysis ; Sulfur components ; Selective enrighment ; Sulfur selective detection ; Calibration ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: More stringent environmental regulations as well as higher demands presently being imposed on the sulfur content of natural gas feed-stocks for chemical processes necessitate the development of new analytical procedures for sulfur determination in natural gas. Only analytical procedures based on gas chromatography can meet the sensitivity and accuracy requirements dictated by environmental regulation institutions and modern chemical industry. The complexity of the natural gas matrix as well as the extremely low concentration levels at which the sulfur species occur make the development of these analytical methods a true challenge. In this review the three steps common for analytical methods for trace analysis in complex matrices, i.e. pretreatment, chromatographic separation, and detection, are discussed in detail. Possible methods for calibration of the system are discussed in the final section.Various techniques to determine sulfur in natural gas are described. Depending on the application, the most suitable system has to be selected. For example, for on-line application in a hazardous area a simple and rugged system is required, i.e. a simple gas chromatograph with a flame photometric detector, while for laboratory application a more complex instrument including preconcentration, column switching, and more exotic detection systems could be more suitable. Therefore it is crucial to define the requirements of the instrument at an early stage and use the information in this review article to develop/select a dedicated instrument/procedure for the problem at hand.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170603
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  • 200
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High temperature gas chromatography for the analysis of fossil fuels: A review (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 398-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): High temperature GC ; Pyrolysis ; Hydrocarbons ; Waxes ; High molecular weight hydrocarbons (C40—C100) ; Asphaltenes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: For the past two or three decades geochemists have been concerned with the analyses and characterization of compounds, generally hydrocarbons, ranging from C1—C40. Significant amounts of information have resulted from these studies which have been extremely useful in many geochemical and environmental studies. However, in the past two or three years the commercial development and availability of high temperature gas chromatography columns has lead to the investigation of the occurrence and distribution of high molecular weight hydrocarbons (HMWHC), and other compounds, in the carbon number range C40—C100, present in oils, waxes, bitumens and rock extracts. The ability to study these compounds represents a major advance in organic geochemistry. In some samples these compounds may represent the bulk of the organic components but prior to development of the high temperature columns it was impossible to study their distributions.This paper will review advances that have occurred in terms of the application of high temperature gas chromatography (HTGC) to the analyses of fossil fuel samples and discuss the possible origin and significance of these compounds that have been identified. In addition, some of the potential problems involved in the analyses of these compounds will also be discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170605
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