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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (120)
  • Electronic Resource  (120)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the bonding strength and interface current of p-Si/n-InP wafers bonded by surface activated bonding method at room temperature (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 3062-3066 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bonding between p-Si and n-InP was performed through the surface activated bonding method at room temperature. Tensile results show that the samples were visibly separated from the bonded interface, indicating a weak bonding strength. The cause of the weak bonding strength was intensively investigated. Consistent results between x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscope investigations show that a weak phase of indium is terminated on the InP due to the depletion of phosphorus in the sputtered surface. Existence of indium layers on the debonded Si surface indicate that the samples were separated from the interface of In/InP, but not across the bonded interface of Si and indium. Typical pn junction current–voltage behavior indicates no high resistance interface layer that can withstand the flow of current through the interface. Remarkably, sputtering time as well as energy dependence on the interface current is found to be due to the accumulation of sputtering induced defects. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1430883
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deflection detection and feedback actuation using a self-excited piezoelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 microcantilever for dynamic scanning force microscopy (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 2036-2038 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed a dynamic scanning force microscope (SFM) that utilizes microfabricated Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, (PZT) cantilever for lever excitation, deflection sensing and tip-sample spacing control. The lever is a unimorph centilever including a sol–gel derived PZT thin film that has high piezoelectric constants in comparison with sputtered ZnO films. For dynamic operation, the excitation ac voltage signal superimposed on the actuation dc voltage is applied to the PZT layer. The variation of vibration amplitude is detected by measuring the change of current through the layer. By actuating the self-excited cantilever to keep the current constant, we obtain topography images without z actuation of the sample-side scanner. The 200-μm-long PZT microcantilever with the natural resonance frequency of 63.8 kHz has the high actuation sensitivity of 150 nm/V and the maximum range of more than 1.5 μm. Using the SFM, we have obtained the clear cyclic contact images of an evaporated Au film surface. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116871
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Force sensing microcantilever using sputtered zinc oxide thin film (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 37-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A force sensing microcantilever has been developed with sputtered ZnO thin film sandwiched electrodes. Typical cantilever dimensions are 150 μm long×50 μm wide×3.5 μm thick. The ZnO film with thickness of 1.0 μm has high resistivity ((approximately-greater-than)2.0×107 Ω m) and good piezoelectricity. By detecting the change of the resistance between the electrodes, the static deflection of the cantilever end can be sensed. The ac deflection of the cantilever can be measured with high sensitivity by using the piezoelectric effect. The cantilever in question is useful for scanning force microscopy both in static contact mode and in dynamic mode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110913
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface activated bonding of silicon wafers at room temperature (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 2222-2224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A method to bond silicon wafers directly at room temperature was developed. In this method, surfaces of two silicon samples are activated by argon atom beam etching and brought into contact in a vacuum. By the infrared microscope and KOH etching method, no void at the bonded interface was detected in all the specimens tested. In the tensile test, fracture occurred not at the interface but mainly in the bulk of silicon. From these results, it is concluded that the method realizes strong and tight bonding at room temperature and is promising to assemble small parts made by the silicon wafer process. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115865
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase of Peripheral Blood B Cells with Fc Receptor for IgA in Patients with IgA Nephropathy (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 17 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A B-cell subset with Fc receptors for IgA (Bα cells) has been observed in human peripheral blood. To investigate aberrations of B cells in a diseased state, the percentages of Bα cells were enumerated in peripheral blood from patients with IgA nephropathy, which is characterized by preponderant deposition of IgA-dominant immune complexes in the glomerular mesangial area. The present study showed a significant increase in Bα cells in peripheral blood from patients with IgA nephropathy but not in those with chronic proliferative glomerulo-nephritis without mesangial IgA deposition. Most FcαR-bearing cells were observed in surface IgA bearing lymphocytes. No linear correlation was observed between the levels of serum IgA and the percentages of Bα cells. The addition of aggregated IgA to cultures did not induce FcαR-bearing B cells in vitro. It is postulated that Bα cells might have some pathogenetic role in the development of IgA nephropathy and that some antigenic stimuli might play a role in the increase of peripheral blood Bα cells in patients with IgA nephropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb00810.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of tryptase−, chymase+ cells in human CD34+ bone marrow progenitors (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Mast cells (MCs) arise from haematopoietic stem cells. We have recently reported that CD34+ progenitors derived from human bone marrow (BM) develop into tryptase+, chymase+ MCs when cultured in the presence of recombinant human stem cell factor (rhSCF) and recombinant human IL-6 (rhIL-6). In an experiment for the expression of chymase during differentiation, chymase+ cells were detected in human BM, but tryptase+ cells were not found.Objective The purpose of this study was to show the appearance of chymase+ cells in CD34+ cells with an origin different from MC differentiation.Methods CD34+ cells from human BM were sorted with anti-CD117 monoclonal antibody (mAb), and cytospins of CD34+, CD34+CD117+, or CD34+CD117− were prepared. These cells were cultured with rhSCF+rhIL-6 for 12 weeks. Some of the cells were subjected to either histological stain with Wright–Giemsa or immunocytochemistry with anti-chymase mAb. Real-time RT-PCR was also performed to compare the transcriptional level of chymase from each cell preparation.Results Chymase was expressed in CD34+ cells as well as human MCs by immunocytochemistry. Substantial CD34+CD117− cells, but not CD34+CD117+ cells, were stained immunocytochemically with anti-chymase mAb. For 1 week culture with rhSCF+rhIL-6, no cells expressed chymase in any preparation. Real-time RT-PCR revealed positivity for chymase mRNA in CD34+ cells, but it reduced at 1 week of culture, and increased as cells developed into MCs. Chymase mRNA in CD34+CD117+ cells was negligible compared with that in CD34+CD117−. Tryptase mRNA was below the detectable level in CD34+ cells, and increased along with MC differentiation. After 12 weeks of culture, CD34+CD117+ developed predominantly into MCs, whereas CD34+CD117− developed into monocytes/macrophages.Conclusion Our findings suggested that chymase is present not only in MCs but also in CD34+CD117− BM progenitors, but that its origin is different from the MC lineage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02105.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional expression of high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E on mast cells precedes that of tryptase during differentiation from human bone marrow-derived CD34 progenitors cultured in the presence of stem cell factor and interleukin-6 (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background CD34+ progenitor cells develop into tryptase+, CD117+ mast cells when cultured in the presence of recombinant human stem cell factor (rhSCF). However, spontaneous IgE receptor (FcɛRI) expression during human mast cell development is not well examined.Objective Here, the expression and function of FcɛRI in and on human bone marrow-derived mast cells (HBMMCs) during development were investigated.Methods and Results At 4 weeks of culture, predominant cells expressed high-affinity IgE receptor α chain (FcɛRIα) on the cell surface determined by flow cytometry, but CD117 was less expressed. Immunocytochemistry with antitryptase mAb and anti-FcɛRIα mAb revealed intracellular and surface expression of FcɛRIα at 2 weeks of culture, but tryptase was less expressed. FcɛRIα mRNA transcript preceded that of tryptase mRNA at 2 weeks of culture determined by real-time RT-PCR, and FcɛRIα, FcɛRIβ, FcɛRIγ, and tryptase mRNA increased along with differentiation. FcɛRIα cross-link on HBMMC and 4-week-old mast cells/mast cell precursors induced the release of IL-5 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, which was enhanced by rhSCF.Conclusion These data indicated that HBMMC constitutively and spontaneously expressed functional FcɛRI subunits at the early stage of differentiation, probably because of the differences in the ability and functional property of progenitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01971.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Affinity chromatography of urate oxidase on 8-aminoxanthine-bound Sepharose
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 86 (1978), S. 357-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(78)90758-3
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the activities of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases in rat liver under various conditions
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 1042 (1990), S. 294-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2760
    Keywords: (Rat liver) ; Clofibrate ; Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate ; Dihydroxyacetone phosphate ; Glycerol 3-phosphate ; Peroxisome ; Phospholipid
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2760(90)90156-R
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of fat content in the diet on hepatic peroxisomes of the rat
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 617 (1980), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2760
    Keywords: (Rat liver) ; Dietary fat ; Palmitoyl-CoA oxidation ; Peroxisome
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2760(80)90218-0
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