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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (8)
  • 1995-1999  (8)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1996  (8)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ischaemia and preservation on the ultrastructure of the bronchiolar epithelium (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 429 (1996), S. 109-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Lung-transplantation pathology ; Bronchi-epithelium ; Ischaemia ; Mitochondrial swelling ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Transmission electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In ten cases of clinical human single-lung transplantation, the nontransplanted Euro-Collins-preserved contralateral lungs were examined using electron microscopy to determine the effects of ischaemia on the bronchiolar epithelium. Existing structural damage at the time of transplantation was characterized using this approach, and nine nonpreserved canine single lungs were also investigated to identify the impact of ischaemia. The study revealed a significant correlation between the duration of ischaemia and the mitochondrial surface-to-volume ratio, which can serve as a morphometric criterion for mitochondrial damage, in canine lungs. However, this correlation was not found in the human donor lungs. Further examination of human donor lungs showed slight to moderate damage to the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear chromatin. In addition, various degrees of damage to mitochondrial structure, ranging from inconspicuous to severe, were found. The mitochondrial surface-to-volume ratio can be considered to be a suitable criterion for the quantification of ischaemic damage of the bronchiolar epithelium under experimental conditions. Ultrastructural analysis of human donor lungs revealed intact bronchiolar epithelial cell structures at the time of transplantation, reflecting adequate organ preservation with Euro-Collins solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192433
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen transformation in arable soils of North-West Germany during the cereal growing season (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 179-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Microbial N ; Immobilization ; Remobilization ; NH inf4 sup+ fixation ; Exchangeable NH inf4 sup+
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In 1991, field experiments on loess (with winter wheat) and sandy soils (with summer barley) were conducted to study N dynamics in the microbial biomass and non-exchangeable NH inf4 sup+ . The measurements showed a mass change in microbial N, with a maximum increase of 100 kg N ha-1 30 cm-1 from March to July in the loess soil, and a change for only 1 month (May) in the sandy soil. Plots treated with conventional levels of N fertilizer (213 kg N ha-1 on a loess soil to winter wheat and 130 kg ha-1 on the sandy soil to summer barley), reduced levels of N (83% and 62% of the conventional N application), or no N showed no consistent fertilizer N effect on microbial biomass N. From March to July, non-exchangeable NH inf4 sup+ in loess soils under winter wheat decreased by 110 kg N ha-1 30 cm-1 in conventionally fertilized plots and by 200 kg N ha-1 30 cm-1 in a plot with no N fertilizer. After harvest, the pool of non-exchangeable NH inf4 sup+ increased due to increasing mineral N concentrations in the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384452
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen transformation in arable soils of North-West Germany during the cereal growing season (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 179-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Microbial N ; Immobilization ; Remobilization ; NH4+ fixation ; Exchangeable NH4+
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In 1991, field experiments on loess (with winter wheat) and sandy soils (with summer barley) were conducted to study N dynamics in the microbial biomass and non-exchangeable NH4 +. The measurements showed a mass change in microbial N, with a maximum increase of 100 kg N ha–1 30 cm–1 from March to July in the loess soil, and a change for only 1 month (May) in the sandy soil. Plots treated with conventional levels of N fertilizer (213 kg N ha–1 on a loess soil to winter wheat and 130 kg ha–1 on the sandy soil to summer barley), reduced levels of N (83% and 62% of the conventional N application), or no N showed no consistent fertilizer N effect on microbial biomass N. From March to July, non-exchangeable NH4 + in loess soils under winter wheat decreased by 110 kg N ha–1 30 cm–1 in conventionally fertilized plots and by 200 kg N ha–1 30 cm–1 in a plot with no N fertilizer. After harvest, the pool of non-exchangeable NH4 + increased due to increasing mineral N concentrations in the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384452
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ist die funktionell konservative Behandlung stabiler Außenknöchelfrakturen gerechtfertigt? (1996)
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 67 (1996), S. 1255-1260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Ankle fractures ; Classification systems ; Functional aftertreatment. ; Schlüsselwörter: Sprunggelenkfrakturen ; Klassifikation ; funktionelle Behandlung.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Für Knöchelbrüche vom Typ Weber B wird bisher eine operative Behandlung empfohlen. Von Dezember 1990 bis Mai 1994 wurden in der Universitätsklinik Bergmannsheil Bochum 85 (58 %) Weber-B-Frakturen konservativ (K-Gruppe) und 61 (42 %) Luxationsbrüche vom B-Typ operativ (OP-Gruppe) behandelt. Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 47,1 (K) und 42,3 Jahre (OP). Die mittlere Beobachtungszeit betrug 17,3 Monate für die klinische und 19,6 Monate für die radiologische Nachuntersuchung. Es gab keine Therapieversager. Basierend auf dem Olerud-Score erreichten Patienten (K) nach funktionell konservativer Behandlung durchschnittlich 95,7 Punkte, nach konservativ immobilisierender Therapie 89,4 Punkte und postoperativ (OP) mit funktioneller Nachbehandlung 92,4 Punkte sowie mit mehrwöchiger Gipsruhigstellung 85,0 Punkte. Arthrogene Begleitverletzungen und eine mehrwöchige Immobilisation korrelierten mit einem geringeren funktionellen Endresultat. In Übereinstimmung mit Langzeitergebnissen der Literatur wird der eigene Algorithmus zur funktionell konservativen Behandlung von Außenknöchelfrakturen bestätigt.
    Notes: Summary. For Weber type B ankle fractures, operative treatment is generally recommended. Yet, there is no general agreement about the role of functional treatment. In a prospective follow-up study from December 1990 to May 1994, 146 patients were reviewed. The mean follow-up time was 17.3 months for clinical examinations and 19.6 months for X-rays. There were no failures. In all, 85 patients (58 %) were treated conservatively (group K). A below-the-knee plaster was applied to 23 patients for 6 weeks, and 62 patients had functional treatment with an ankle brace. According to the Olerud Score, the first subgroup (K-plaster) achieved 89.4 points and the last (K-func.) reached 95.7 points. There were no signs of post-traumatic arthritis. 61 patients (42 %) had open reduction and internal osteosynthesis (group OP). In 19 patients a plaster immobilization was necessary, and in 42 patients early mobilization was possible. The first subgroup (OP-plaster) achieved 85.0 points in the Olerud Score; the last (OP-func.) achieved 92.4 points. According to the degree of instability following ankle injuries, a new algorithm for treatment of type B ankle fractures is described, emphasizing early mobilization and functional aftertreatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001040050135
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of fertilizer placement on nitrogen uptake and yield of wheat and maize in Chinese loess soils (1996)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 47 (1996), S. 81-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: China ; Loess Plateau ; maize ; 15N ; Nitrogen ; urea ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Field trials were carried out to study the fate of15N-labelled urea applied to summer maize and winter wheat in loess soils in Shaanxi Province, north-west China. In the maize experiment, nitrogen was applied at rates of 0 or 210 kg N ha−1, either as a surface application, mixed uniformly with the top 0.15 m of soil, or placed in holes 0.1 m deep adjacent to each plant and then covered with soil. In the wheat experiment, nitrogen was applied at rates of 0, 75 or 150 kg N ha−1, either to the surface, or incorporated by mixing with the top 0.15 m, or placed in a band at 0.15 m depth. Measurements were made of crop N uptake, residual fertilizer N and soil mineral N. The total above-ground dry matter yield of maize varied between 7.6 and 11.9 t ha−1. The crop recovery of fertilizer N following point placement was 25% of that applied, which was higher than that from the surface application (18%) or incorporation by mixing (18%). The total grain yield of wheat varied between 4.3 and 4.7 t ha−1. In the surface applications, the recovery of fertilizer-derived nitrogen (25%) was considerably lower than that from the mixing treatments and banded placements (33 and 36%). The fertilizer N application rate had a significant effect on grain and total dry matter yield, as well as on total N uptake and grain N contents. The main mechanism for loss of N appeared to be by ammonia volatilization, rather than leaching. High mineral N concentrations remained in the soil at harvest, following both crops, demonstrating a potential for significant reductions in N application rates without associated loss in yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01985721
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laboratory measurements and simulations of ammonia volatilization from urea applied to calcareous Chinese loess soils (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 181 (1996), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: ammonia volatilization ; calcium carbonate ; China ; loess ; simulations ; urea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ammonia volatilization is the major pathway for mineral nitrogen loss in the calcareous soils of the Chinese loess plateau, with maximum losses reaching 50% of the fertilizer-N applied. A volatilization-diffusion experiment was carried out in the laboratory using a forced-draft system and soil columns of 15.5 cm depth. Urea was surface applied at rates of 210 kg N ha-1 to a soil with 10% CaCO3 and a pH of 7.7. The amount of ammonia volatilized as well as the concentration profiles of ammoniacal-nitrogen and soil pH in the upper 50 mm of the soil columns after 4, 7 and 10 days were measured and subsequently modelled. The mechanistic model of Rachhpal-Singh and Nye, originally developed for neutral, non-calcareous soils, was modified to include the pH-buffering action of the soil carbonates. Model parameters were independently determined or taken from the literature. Measured and predicted cumulative NH3 losses agreed very well in the first 10 days following fertilizer application. However, in contrast to the simulations, NH3-volatilization was still proceeding in the experiment even after 13 days, with cumulative losses reaching 60% of the applied N. In addition to the high initial soil pH, the low bulk density and high volumetric air content of the soil columns used for the experiment proved decisive for the high rates of ammonia volatilization, provoking a strong increase in the amount of ammoniacal-N diffusing towards the soil surface as gaseous NH3. The simulations showed that due to the high soil pH, the buffering action of the soil carbonates played a comparatively smaller role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011298
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray absorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of a rhodium colloid (1996)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 355 (1996), S. 372-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Transition metal colloids are potential precursors of heterogeneous catalysts with application to selective chemical reactions. Sample preparation techniques are described. Experimental details are given of the characterization of these often air-sensitive particles by X-ray photoelectron and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. First results obtained with both techniques for a Rh-colloid show that the metal is mainly present in the zerovalent chemical state. But the spectra indicate further chemical states of Rh which can be assigned to the outermost metal atoms of the colloid interacting with organic ligands or to the educt Rh-halides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0021663550372
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Reaktion von SeCl4 mit Übergangsmetalltetrachloriden. Synthese und Kristallstrukturen von (SeCl3)2MCl6 mit M = Zr, Hf, Mo, ReProfessor Gerhard Thiele zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 292-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Trichloroselenium(+) ; Hexachlorozirconate(2-) ; Hexachlorohafnate(2-) ; Hexachloromolybdate(2-) ; Hexachlororhenate(2-) ; Synthesis ; Crystal structure ; magnetic properties ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Reaction of SeCl4 with Transition Metal Tetrachlorides. Synthesis and Crystal Structures of (SeCl3)2MCl6 with M = Zr, Hf, Mo, ReThe transition metal tetrachlorides ZrCl4, HfCl4 and MoCl4 react with SeCl4 in closed ampoules at temperatures of 140°C to (SeCl3)2MCl6 (M = Zr, Hf, Mo) which are all isotypic and crystallize in the (SeCl3)2ReCl6 structure type (orthorhombic, Fdd2, Z = 8, lattice constants for M = Zr: a = 1165.7(1)pm, b = 1287.2(2)pm, c = 2180.2(2)pm; for M = Hf: a = 1162.9(2)pm, b = 1285.0(2)pm, c = 2178.2(3)pm; for M = Mo: a = 1153.8(1)pm, b = 1267.7(1)pm, c = 2147.4(2)pm). The Cl- ions form a hexagonal closest packing with one fourth of the octahedral holes filled by Se4+ and M4+ in an ordered way. The MCl6 octahedra are regular, the SeCl6 octahedra are distorted with 3 short and 3 long Se—Cl bonds (mean 215 pm and 287 pm). The structures can thus be regarded as built of SeCl3+ and MCl62- ions. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show for M = Zr the expected diamagnetic behavior, for M = Mo and Re paramagnetic behavior according to the Curie-Weiss law with magnetic moments of 2.5 B. M. for M = Mo and 3.7 B. M. for M = Re corresponding to 2 and 3 unpaired electrons respectivly.
    Notes: Die Übergangsmetalltetrachloride ZrCl4, HfCl4 und MoCl4 reagieren mit SeCl4 in geschlossenen Ampullen bei Temperaturen von 140°C zu (SeCl3)2MCl6 (M = Zr, Hf, Mo), die alle isotyp sind und im (SeCl3)2ReCl6-Typ kristallisieren (orthorhombisch, Fdd2, Z = 8, Gitterkonstanten für M = Zr: a = 1165,7(1)pm, b = 1287,2(2)pm, c = 2180,2(2)pm; für M = Hf: a = 1162,9(2)pm, b = 1285,0(2)pm, c = 2178,2(3)pm; für M = Mo: a = 1153,8(1)pm, b = 1267,7(1)pm, c = 2147,4(2)pm). Die Anionen bilden eine hexagonal dichteste Kugelpackung, in der ein Viertel der Oktaederlücken geordnet von Se4+ und M4+ besetzt ist. Die MCl6-Oktaeder sind regelmäßig, die SeCl6-Oktaeder mit drei kurzen und drei langen Se—Cl-Abständen (im Mittel 215 pm und 287 pm) stark verzerrt. Die Strukturen können damit als aus SeCl3+- und MCl62--Ionen aufgebaut betrachtet werden. Die Messung der magnetischen Suszeptibilität ergibt für (SeCl3)2ZrCl6 den erwarteten Diamagnetismus, für (SeCl3)2MoCl6 und (SeCl3)2ReCl6 paramagnetisches Verhalten nach dem Curie-Weiss-Gesetz und magnetischen Momenten von 2,5 B.M. entsprechend 2 ungepaarten Elektronen für M = Mo und 3,7 B. M. entsprechend 3 ungepaarten Elektronen für M = Re.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19966220215
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