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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased surfactant protein D in rat airway goblet and Clara cells during ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Structural remodelling of airways in asthma that follows inflammation may be affected by surfactant protein D (SP-D)-mediated effects on the immune response.Objective To determine potential sites of SP-D interaction with the pulmonary immune response, we examined the distribution of immunoreactive SP-D in an experimental model of allergen-induced airway inflammation using immunohistochemistry, biochemical methods and in situ hybridization.Methods The experimental model used subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin in adult rats, which induced an airway response to inhaled nebulized ovalbumin. Three groups of rats (ovalbumin, ovalbumin + dexamethasone and saline) were challenged thrice weekly for 3 weeks. A fourth group of seven rats (naive) were taken from the same delivery of rats as the other groups. Lungs were then lavaged to determine total cell count, eosinophil count, ovalbumin-specific IgE by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and SP-D by immunoblot. Tissue samples were fixed and embedded, and sections were studied for the infiltration of eosinophils and for expression of SP-D protein by histochemistry and mRNA by in situ hybridization.Results Ovalbumin induced perivascular and peribronchiolar eosinophilia which could be prevented by dexamethasone treatment. In addition, the ovalbumin-specific IgE levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of ovalbumin-challenged animals were enhanced. Increased amount of SP-D in lavage and tissue, particularly in type II pneumocytes, in Clara cells and, surprisingly, in hyperplastic goblet cells of inflamed lungs was found. SP-D mRNA was detected in goblet cells as well as in type II pneumocytes and Clara cells. Dexamethasone treatment did not affect level of SP-D immunoreactivity.Conclusion SP-D accumulation is increased in this model of allergen-induced eosinophilia, both in upper and lower airways. The increase is unaffected by dexamethasone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.01423.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of distal airways in a chronic model of experimental asthma (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Bronchial asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airway remodelling which occurs in both proximal and distal airways. These changes are associated with development of airway hyper-responsiveness and airflow limitation.Objective This study was aimed to analyse whether chronic inhalative allergen challenges in mice lead to morphological and physiological changes comparable with this phenotype.Methods For this purpose, BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) followed by aerosol allergen challenges on 2 consecutive days per week for 12 weeks.Results In chronically challenged mice, tissue inflammation in proximal as well as distal airways was observed with a predominance of lymphocytes within the cellular infiltrate. In contrast, inflammation in the airway lumen decreased over time. These changes were associated by a shift in bronchoalveolar lavage–cytokine levels from IL-4, IL-5 and TNF-α production (during the acute phase) towards markedly increased levels of TGF-β during the chronic phase. Goblet cell hyperplasia and subepithelial fibrosis occurred throughout the airway tree. In terms of lung function, chronically challenged mice developed persistent bronchial hyper-responsiveness and progressive airflow limitation. Six weeks after OVA aerosol discontinuation, airway inflammation still persisted although lung function was normalized.Conclusion These data indicate that our model of chronic aerosol allergen challenges leads to a phenotype of experimental asthma with participation of distal airways and persistence of inflammation thereby resembling many morphological and physiological aspects of human bronchial asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02306.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of the eggshells of four primitive moths: Hepialus hecta (L.),Wiseana umbraculata (Guenee) (Hepialidae), Mnesarchaea fusilella walker and M. Acuta philp. (Mnesarchaeidae) (Lepidoptera, Exoporia)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 18 (1989), S. 261-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7322
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7322(89)90008-1
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eggshell fine structure of three lepidopteran pests: Cydia pomonella (L.) (Tortricidae), Heliothis virescens (Fabr.), and Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Noctuidae)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 16 (1987), S. 201-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7322
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7322(87)90021-3
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ischaemia and preservation on the ultrastructure of the bronchiolar epithelium (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 429 (1996), S. 109-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Lung-transplantation pathology ; Bronchi-epithelium ; Ischaemia ; Mitochondrial swelling ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Transmission electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In ten cases of clinical human single-lung transplantation, the nontransplanted Euro-Collins-preserved contralateral lungs were examined using electron microscopy to determine the effects of ischaemia on the bronchiolar epithelium. Existing structural damage at the time of transplantation was characterized using this approach, and nine nonpreserved canine single lungs were also investigated to identify the impact of ischaemia. The study revealed a significant correlation between the duration of ischaemia and the mitochondrial surface-to-volume ratio, which can serve as a morphometric criterion for mitochondrial damage, in canine lungs. However, this correlation was not found in the human donor lungs. Further examination of human donor lungs showed slight to moderate damage to the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear chromatin. In addition, various degrees of damage to mitochondrial structure, ranging from inconspicuous to severe, were found. The mitochondrial surface-to-volume ratio can be considered to be a suitable criterion for the quantification of ischaemic damage of the bronchiolar epithelium under experimental conditions. Ultrastructural analysis of human donor lungs revealed intact bronchiolar epithelial cell structures at the time of transplantation, reflecting adequate organ preservation with Euro-Collins solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192433
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural pathology of the alveolar type II pneumocytes of human donor lungs (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 229-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Lung transplantation pathology ; Alveolar epithelium ; Type II pneumocyte ; Surfactant ; Reperfusion injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Alveolar type II pneumocytes (PII) were studied in 12 human donor lungs perfused with modified Euro-Collins solution during single-lung transplantation (SLTx). While one lung was transplanted, the contralateral donor lung (cDL) was fixed at the time of SLTx for examination by electron microscopy, stereology, and microanalysis. Three groups were then formed: group A (n = 7), cDL without contusions, uneventful early postoperative course; group B (n = 3), cDL with contusions, uneventful early postoperative course; group C (n = 2), cDL without contusions, early postoperative respiratory dysfunction. The major findings were that the presence of contusions had no effect on PII ultrastructure and that intracellular surfactant-storing lamellar bodies of cDL in group C were characterized by a higher volume-to-surface ratio (VsR) and larger area per cell profile than group A. Correlation analysis based on pooled data (groups A and C) showed that ischaemic time had little effect on PII ultrastructure and bore no relationship to postoperative clinical variables. The duration of preoperative donor intubation had a pronounced influence on ultrastructure and postoperative clinical variables. The stereologically estimated amount of intracellular surfactant and mitochondrial VsR were the only ultrastructural parameters that were significantly associated with early postoperative oxygenation. Lamellar bodies were the only ultrastructural components found to have a significant relationship to postoperative intubation time. The ultrastructural integrity of type II pneumocytes of human donor lungs is an important determinant of early respiratory function following clinical lung transplantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050160
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations in the immunohistochemical distribution patterns of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors Flk1 and Flt1 in bleomycin-induced rat lung fibrosis (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 20-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Pulmonary fibrosis ; Bleomycin ; Alveolar epithelium ; Bronchiolar epithelium ; Vascular endothelial growth factor ; VEGF
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  To investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in fibrogenesis, the distribution patterns of the VEGF receptors Flt1 and Flk1 were studied by immunohistochemistry, double immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopy in normal (n=2) and bleomycin-treated (n=21) adult rats. Lungs were studied at 5, 24, 28, 35, and 42 days after treatment (p.t.). Flt1, Flk1, and VEGF immunoreactivity localised predominantly to the pulmonary epithelium. In control lungs, Flt1 immunoreactivity was present in ciliated bronchial epithelium and type 2 pneumocytes, Flk1 in Clara cells, and VEGF in Clara cells and type 2 pneumocytes. Flk1 localised to mast cells, present in the peribronchovascular and pleural interstitium only. Flt1- and Flk1-mRNAs were observed in Clara cells and type 2 pneumocytes. Bleomycin-induced fibrogenesis was characterised by a decrease in Flk1 immunoreactivity of Clara cells, and an increase in VEGF-immunoreactive myofibroblasts and type 2 pneumocytes by day 5 p.t., followed by a progressive accumulation of Flk1-immunoreactive mast cells by day 24 p.t. in fibrotic lesions containing VEGF-immunoreactive myofibroblasts. After 42 days, fibrotic regions were densely populated by mast cells. Since mast cells are known to be chemotactically attracted by VEGF, we suggest that VEGF/Flk1 represents the molecular link between proliferation of myofibroblasts, accumulation of mast cells, and the burst of fibrosis at sites of initial lesions in bleomycin-induced fibrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050390
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance of L132 lung cell clusters to glyoxal-induced apoptosis (2000)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 114 (2000), S. 283-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Keywords: Glyoxal AGE CML Apoptosis Pulmonary fibrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Glyoxal is a highly reactive glycating agent involved in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and known to induce apoptosis. AGE-mediated apoptosis may be an important mechanism of alveolar epithelial remodelling in pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of glyoxal on the fetal human epithelial lung cell line L132 under serum-free conditions. This type of culture, which forces the cells to grow as spheroids, also excludes effects of preformed AGEs by the reaction of glyoxal with fetal calf serum proteins. Our results showed that in cells treated with 200 µM glyoxal, the intercellular contacts in spheroids were disrupted, i.e. cells became totally dissociated. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed a dose-dependent accumulation of the AGE product ε N-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) in cells detached from cell clusters. The loss of cell attachment was associated with decreased expression of β1-integrins and CD44 as revealed by laser scanning cytometry (LSC). Increasing concentrations of glyoxal induced an increase in the number of apoptotic cells which were identified by the immunoreactivity for active caspase-3. Remaining cell clusters showed resistance to both CML formation and apoptosis. The present findings demonstrate that cells treated with glyoxal undergo possibly anoikis, a specific mode of apoptosis caused by loss of cell adhesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180000202
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular distribution patterns of lanthanum and morphometry of rat hearts exposed to different degrees of ischemic stress (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 243 (1995), S. 496-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Heart ; Ischemia ; Lanthanum ; Tracer ; ESI ; EELS ; Morphometry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The element lanthanum (La) can be used as a tracer for verification of membrane permeability. The aim of this study was to establish whether (1) distribution of La in the myocardium of rat hearts depends on the degree of ischemic stress and (2) morphometrically determined cell and mitochondrial swelling correlates with the La distribution.Materials and Methods: Isolated beating rat hearts were arrested by coronary perfusion with the cardioplegic solution Custodiol® (controls) or by aortic cross clamping followed by exposur to different degrees of ischemic stress. The solutions for perfusion-and postfixation as well as for rinsing contained 1.1% La(NO3)3. Cellular and mitochondrial swelling were determined morphometrically and myocytes exhibiting intracellular La were quantified and stated as percentage of test fields.Results: Immediately after cardiac arrest La was present as precipitates only in a few myocytes adjacent to the outer mitochondrial membrane as seen by cTEM and ESI. In such cells La was also detected by EELS in mitochondrial matrix and myofibrils. Advanced ischemic stress led to an increase of the percentage of myocytes containing detectable intracellular La. After 45 min ischemia at 30°C, myocytes and mitochondria showed a remarkable edema and different intracellular distribution patterns of La. After 90 min of ischemia at 20°C interruptions of sarcolemma could only be detected in a few of the swollen myocytes. Roundish La granules were seen in the myofibrils. The percentage of myocytes containing intracellular La and the extent of cellular and mitochondrial swelling showed a significant correlation.Conclusions: Patterns of intracellular La distribution depend on the degree of ischemic stress and correspond to the degree of cellular as well as mitochondrial edema. These results point at a direct relation between alterations of membrane permeability and development of edema. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092430412
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