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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (25)
  • 1985-1989  (25)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of “no-carrier-added”11C-labelled nitrosoureas (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 89 (1985), S. 45-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper decribes syntheses for the11C-labelled chemotherapeutic drug, CCNU,11C-labelled BFNU and CFNU (analogs of BCNU) as well as an improved synthesis for11C-BCNU. Also discussed are procedures for the separation of dual isomers in the case of11C-labelled CCNU and CFNU. The specific activity of these “no-carrier-added” radiopharmaceuticals was approximately 104 lower than expected for a carrier-free product. The syntheses were normally finished 20–25 min after the end of the collection of11C-COCl2. Chemical and radiochemical purity of the final product, as determined by HPLC and TLRC respectively, was at least 98%. The syntheses yielded 10–25 mCi of nitrosourea ready for use in PET studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02070202
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of reduced frequency breathing on arterial hypoxemia during exercise (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 56 (1987), S. 522-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Reduced frequency breathing ; Arterial hypoxemia ; Exercise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It is uncertain that exercise with reduced frequency breathing (RFB) results in arterial hypoxemia. This study was designed to investigate whether RFB during exercise creates a true hypoxic condition in arterial blood by examining arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) directly. Six subjects performed ten 30 s periods of exercise on a Monark bicycle ergometer at a work rate of 210 W alternating with 30 s rest intervals. The breath was controlled to use 1 s each for inspiration and expiration, and two trials with different breathing patterns were used; a continuous breathing (CB) trial and an RFB trial consisting of four seconds of breath-holding at functional residual capacity (FRC). Alveolar oxygen pressure during exercise showed a slight but significant (p〈0.05) reduction with RFB as compared to CB. However, a marked increase in alveolar-arterial pressure difference for oxygen (A-aDO2) (p〈0.05) with RFB over CB resulted in a marked (p〈0.05) reduction in arterial oxygen pressure. Consequently, SaO2 fell as low as 88.8% on average. Additional examination of RFB with breath-holding at total lung capacity showed no increases in A-aDO2 in spite of the same amount of hypoventilation as compared with that at FRC. These results indicate that RFB during exercise can result in arterial hypoxemia if RFB is performed with breath-holding at FRC, this mechanism being closely related to the mechanical responses due to lung volume restriction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00635364
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delayed appearance of blood lactate with reduced frequency breathing during exercise (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 57 (1988), S. 462-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Reduced frequency breathing ; Hypoventilation ; Lactate removal ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of the present study was to investigate the blood lactate (LA−) responses to hypoventilation induced by reduced frequency breathing (RFB) during recovery from exercise. Five male subject performed 16 4 min cycling bouts alternating with 16 min rest periods. Exercise intensities were chosen at power outputs corresponding to 30% $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2 max}}} } $$ at 2mMLA−, $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } $$ at 4 mMLA−, and 90% $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2 max}}} } $$ in each subject. Breathing frequency was voluntarily controlled starting 10 s before each 3rd min of exercise and maintained throughout the rest of the exercise period. Four different breathing patterns at each exercise intensity were used: normal breathing (NB), breathing every 4 s, breathing every 8 s, and maximal RFB. Except for the NB trials, subjects held their breath at functional residual capacity during each breathing interval. The concentration difference of LA− between the 3rd min sample and the 4th min sample was defined as the lactate change during exercise (Δ LA−ex), and that between the 4th min sample and the sample at the 3rd min after the end of the exercise as the lactate change during recovery (Δ LA−rec). An ANOVA showed significant (p〈0.05) differences in breathing procedures only in ΔLA−rec. ΔLA−rec seemed to increase as compared to NB only at $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } $$ at 4 mMLA− and 90% $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2 max}}} } $$ , while ΔLA−ex remained unchanged as compared to NB in spite of reduced ∵V A. These results might indicate that RFB inhibited lactate removal from working muscles during exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417994
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of 11C-BCNU in experimental brain tumor (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 3 (1985), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: 11C-BCNU ; in vivo decomposition ; rat brain tumor model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Wistar rats implanted intracerebrally with AA ascites tumor were injected seven or eight days later with 11C-labelled BCNU. Radioactive compounds in samples of plasma, tumor, and contralateral brain were identified after injection at intervals by doing chloroform extraction and thin layer radiochromatography. At 60 min after injection radioactivity levels were 56% higher in the tumor than in contralateral brain. This increase was due mainly to 2-chloroethyl isocyanate, which binds to amino groups and/ or nucleic acid. The results demonstrated both a higher concentration and a faster decomposition of BCNU in the tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00165183
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional glucose utilization and blood flow in experimental brain tumors studied by double tracer autoradiography (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 3 (1985), S. 271-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: double tracer autoradiogram ; regional glucose utilization ; regional blood flow ; implanted brain tumor model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Coupling of regional glucose utilizatio (GLU) and blood flow (CBF) was examined in rats with implanted brain tumors (AA ascites tumor) by quantitative double tracer autoradiography using 18F-2-fluorodeoxyglucose and 14C-iodoantipyrine. Four to 13 days after implantation, the animals were injected with the two tracers to obtain autoradiograms from the same brain section before and after the decay of 18F. The autoradiograms were then analyzed by an image processor to obtain a metabolic coupling index (MCI = GLU/ CBF). In the tumor, high GLU and low CBF were uncoupled to give a high MCI which implied anerobic glycolysis. In large tumors, the CBF was even lower. In the peri-tumoral region, GLU was reduced (especially in gray matter) and reduction was lowest around the larger tumors. CBF in the peri-tumoral region was also reduced, but this reduction became less as the distance from the tumor margin increased. These changes in the peri-tumoral region may be secondary to edema. The GLU and CBF of white matter was little influenced by the presence of tumors except for some reduction in these values in relation to the larger tumors. On a narrow margin of tumor and brain, corresponding to a zone of increased vascularity, CBF was moderately high. The MCI in the tumor was higher than in the cortex of the same as well as the opposite hemisphere. These findings indicate that the metabolism and blood flow of the tumor and surrounding brain are variable and directly related to tumor size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00165189
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of micron-size monodisperse polymer microspheres having chloromethyl group (1989)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 267 (1989), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polymer emulsion ; polymer microsphere ; micron-size ; chloromethyl group ; dispersion polymerization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Micron-size monodisperse polymer microspheres having chloromethyl groups thereon were prepared by two-step polymerization process as follows. First, micron-size monodisperse polystyrene particles were prepared by dispersion polymerization with 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator in ethanol-water medium in the presence of poly(acrylic acid) as stabilizer under various conditions. Secondly, in the presence of the 1.9-Μm monodisperse polystyrene particles produced under the optimum conditions, seeded copolymerization for styrene and chloromethyl styrene was carried out. The seeded copolymerization proceeded smoothly without producing new particles, and it was confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that the chloromethyl group existed more at the surface of the produced microsphere than at that of film cast from the benzene solution in which the microspheres were dissolved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410575
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoactivity of polymer microspheres with their hydrophilic/hydrophobic heterogeneous surface sensitized with an antibody (1987)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 265 (1987), S. 1061-1066 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polymer emulsion ; hydrophilicity ; heterogeneousstructure ; immunomicrosphere ; agglutinability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Styrene/2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate polymer microspheres consisting of various polymer compositions were produced by emulsifier-free seeded emulsion polymerization technique. Using these microspheres, which should have hydrophilic/hydrophobic heterogeneous surface, the effects of surface hydrophilicity on the main, fundamental requirements for an immunomicrosphere — high colloidal stability, sensitive immunologic agglutinability and insensitive non-specific agglutinability — were studied in detail. There was a region of the surface hydrophilicity that satisfied the three requirements simultaneously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01417463
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    XPS analysis (ESCA) of the surface composition of poly(styrene/2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) microspheres produced by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization (1989)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 267 (1989), S. 861-865 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polymeremulsion ; polymermicrosphere ; XPSanalysis ; styrene ; 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Polymer microspheres composed of various compositions of styrene and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were produced by batch emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization. The HEMA content at the surface, [HEMA] s , of the microspheres powdered by freeze-drying was determined by both quantitativeC 1s /O 1s analysis andC 1s peak shape analysis of the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic spectra. When the HEMA content in the microsphere, [HEMA] p , was less than about 5 mole%, the [HEMA] s values determined by the two different methods showed good agreement. At [HEMA]p above 5 mole %, [HEMA]s values determined by the first method were about 15 mole % greater than those determined by the second. They both showed a similar tendency with the [HEMA] s being higher than the [HEMA] p , e.g., when [HEMA] p was 1 mole %, [HEMA] s was 11 mole %. The intensity of the satellite peak due to theπ→π * transition of the benzene ring of the styrene component decreased with an increase in [HEMA] p , to zero at 5 mole % of [HEMA] p . These results indicate that the HEMA component is localized at the surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410333
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A dielectric rod waveguide coupled with metal rectangular waveguide (1988)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 9 (1988), S. 29-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: dielectric rod waveguide ; near mm wave transmission ; HE11 mode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements have been done in the millimeter wave region on a composite waveguide which comprises a dielectric rod waveguide connecting two metal rectangular waveguides. Such a waveguide has been used by us in a Josephson harmonic mixer installed in a small metal cryostat, to prevent the thermal invasion from outside environment and to transmit both signal and LO waves with small losses. The measured transmission loss, that is caused mainly by the coupling loss between metal rectangular waveguides (TE10 mode) and a dielectric rod waveguide (HE11 mode), has been less than 2dB in the frequency range of 52–104 GHz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01010619
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and radiation-resistance evaluation of glass fibre composites having various epoxy matrices (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1988), S. 503-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01730706
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