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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (14)
  • Intestine, small  (8)
  • Neuropeptide Y  (5)
  • Gastrointestinal tract  (4)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (14)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ramifications of adrenergic nerve terminals in the rectum, anal sphincter and anal accessory muscles of the guinea-pig (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 140 (1973), S. 109-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Autonomic nervous system ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Adrenergic nerves ; Anal sphincter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The anatomy and the adrenergic innervation of the rectum, internal anal sphincter and of accessory structures are described for the guinea-pig. The distribution of adrenergic nerves was examined using the fluorescence histochemical technique applied to both sections and whole mount preparations. The longitudinal and circular muscle of the rectum and the muscularis mucosae are all supplied by adrenergic nerve terminals. The density of the adrenergic innervation of the muscularis externa increases towards the anal sphincter. There is a very dense innervation of the internal anal sphincter, of the anal accessory muscles and of the corrugator ani. Non-fluorescent neurons in the ganglia of the myenteric plexus are supplied by adrenergic terminals. The ganglia become smaller and sparser towards the internal anal sphincter and non-ganglionated nerve strands containing adrenergic axons run from the plexus to the sphincter muscle. Adrenergic fibers innervate two interconnected ganglionated plexuses in the submucosa. Very few adrenergic nerve cells were found in the myenteric plexus and they were not found at all in the submucosa. The extrinsic arteries and veins of the pelvic region are heavily innervated by adrenergic nerves. Within the gut wall the arteries are densely innervated but there is little or no innervation of the veins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00520721
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The origins of the adrenergic fibres which innervate the internal anal sphincter, the rectum, and other tissues of the pelvic region in the guinea-pig (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 140 (1973), S. 129-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Autonomic nervous system ; Adrenergic nerves ; Pelvic viscera ; Gastrointestinal tract
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The adrenergic innervation of the pelvic viscera was examined by the fluorescence histochemical technique, applied to tissue from untreated guinea-pigs and from guinea-pigs in which nerve pathways had been interrupted at operation. It was found that adrenergic neurons in the inferior mesenteric ganglia give rise to axons which run in the colonic nerves and end in the myenteric and submucous plexuses and around the arteries of the distal colon. In the rectum, part of the innervation of the myenteric plexus and all of the innervation of the submucous plexus comes from the inferior mesenteric ganglia. The rest of the adrenergic innervation of the myenteric plexus comes from the posterior pelvic ganglia or the sacral sympathetic chains. The innervation of the blood vessels of the rectum is from the posterior pelvic ganglia. Adrenergic nerves run from the sacral sympathetic chains and pass via nerves accompanying the rectal arteries to the internal anal sphincter. Other adrenergic fibres to the internal anal sphincter either arise in, or pass through, the posterior pelvic plexuses. The anal accessory muscle is innervated by adrenergic axons arising in the posterior pelvic plexuses. Adrenergic nerves which run in the pudendal nerves, probably from the sacral sympathetic chains, innervate the erectile tissue of the penis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00520326
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Storage, uptake and synthesis of catecholamines in the intrinsic adrenergic neurones in the proximal colon of the guinea-pig (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 120 (1971), S. 364-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gastrointestinal tract ; Adrenergic neurones ; Adrenergic mechanisms ; Fluorescence histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present work, the effects of drugs on the storage, uptake and synthesis of catecholamines in intrinsic and extrinsic adrenergic neurones of the guinea-pig intestine are compared, using the fluorescence histochemical technique for localising catecholamines. In respect to the properties examined in this work, the intrinsic adrenergic neurones of the proximal colon of the guinea-pig were found to be qualitatively similar to adrenergic neurones of the sympathetic chains: the intrinsic cells and their terminals are depleted by reserpine or guanethidine; they concentrate and retain catecholamines and this uptake is blocked by desmethylimipramine or phenoxybenzamine; after depletion by reserpine, the fluorescence can be restored by the dopamine and noradrenaline precursor, dopa and this restoration is prevented by blocking the decarboxylation of dopa to dopamine. However, there are clear quantitative differences: the terminals of intrinsic neurones are less susceptible than are extrinsic neurones to depletion by reserpine, guanethidine or 6-hydroxydopamine; the intrinsic neurones more readily retain noradrenaline after reserpinisation. It is suggested that quantitative differences between extrinsic and intrinsic neurones of the intestine could involve a difference in the activity of monoamine oxidase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324898
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and distribution of intrinsic adrenergic neurones in the proximal colon of the guinea-pig (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 120 (1971), S. 346-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gastrointestinal tract ; Adrenergic nerves ; Enteric ganglia ; Sympathetic denervation ; Fluorescence histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fluorescence histochemical method has been used to examine the adrenergic innervation of the proximal colon of the guinea-pig. Previous investigations have shown that the adrenergic fibres of the gastrointestinal tract arise from extrinsic ganglia. However, in this work it is shown that adrenergic nerve cells are found in the myenteric plexus of the proximal colon and that these cells provide varicose terminals about ganglion cells in the nodes of the plexus. About 75% of the nodes of the myenteric plexus in the proximal colon contain adrenergic cells. A few cells are also observed along the internodal strands. The cells have a cytoplasmic fluorescence, which is of different intensity in different cells, but there is no fluorescence of the nucleus. Processes can be traced from most cells and in some cases these are seen to become varicose. Interruption of extrinsic nerve pathways to the intestine causes a disappearance of the fluorescence reaction of the adrenergic terminals in the ileum, most of the distal colon and in the submucosal and perivascular plexuses of the proximal colon. In contrast, about 60% of the adrenergic terminals in the myenteric plexus of the proximal colon survive extrinsic denervation. From cell counts, it is estimated there are about 10000 adrenergic cells in the proximal colon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324897
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Innervation of the large arteries and heart of the toad (Bufo marinus) by adrenergic and peptide-containing neurons (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 171-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Perivascular nerves ; Cardiac innervation ; Neuropeptides ; Neuropeptide Y ; Substance P ; Adrenergic nerves ; Amphibia, Anura (Bufo marinus)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The innervation of the major arteries and heart of the toad (Bufo marinus) was examined by use of glyoxylic acid-induced catecholamine fluorescence and peptide immunohistochemistry. All arteries possessed a moderate to dense plexus of adrenergic axons, which also showed neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI). Some adrenergic axons in the intracardiac vagal trunks showed NPY-LI, but the varicose adrenergic axons innervating the cardiac muscle of the atria and ventricle, and the coronary blood vessels did not display NPY-LI. About half of the nerve cell bodies in the anterior sympathetic chain ganglia with dopamine-β-hydroxylase-LI (DBH-LI) also contained NPY-LI. The nerve cell bodies with DBH-LI alone were generally larger (median diameter 30 μm) than those with both DBH-LI and NPY-LI (median diameter 20 μm). Some cell bodies showing DBH-LI alone were surrounded by boutons with NPY-LI but not DBH-LI. Axons that displayed simultaneously both substance P-LI (SP-LI) and calcitonin gene-related peptide-LI (CGRP-LI) also formed a plexus around all arteries studied, being particularly dense around the mesenteric and pulmonary arteries. These axons are most likely sensory since SP-LI was reduced by capsaicin treatment, and nerve cell bodies with both SP-LI and CGRP-LI were found in dorsal root ganglia and the vagal ganglion. A dense plexus of axons showing somatostatin-LI was located around the pulmonary artery and its main intrapulmonary branches. A few nerves with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-LI were found around the dorsal aorta and pulmonary artery. No perivascular nerves with enkephalin-LI were observed. Reversed-phase, high-pressure liquid chromatography of acid extracts of the large arteries showed that the major peaks of NPY-LI and SP-LI coeluted with porcine NPY (1–36) and synthetic SP (1–11), respectively. Thus, the location and structure of these peptides in perivascular nerves has been highly conserved during vertebrate evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221866
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution, pathways and reactions to drug treatment of nerves with neuropeptide Y- and pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity in the guinea-pig digestive tract (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 71-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enteric nervous system ; Intestine ; Noradrenergic nerves ; Pancreatic polypeptide ; Neuropeptide Y ; Neuropeptides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity (PPLI) has been localized in nerves of the guinea-pig stomach and intestine with the use of antibodies raised against avian, bovine and human pancreatic polypeptide (PP), the C-terminal hexapeptide of mammalian PP, and against the related peptide, NPY. Each of the antibodies revealed the same population of neurones. Reactive cell bodies were found in both myenteric (5% of all neurones) and submucous ganglia (26% of all neurones) of the small intestine, and varicose processes were observed in the myenteric plexus, circular muscle, mucosa and around arterioles. The nerves were unaffected by bilateral subdiaphragmatic truncal vagotomy, but the staining of the periarterial nerves disappeared after treatment of animals with reserpine or 6-hydroxydopamine and was also absent after mesenteric nerves had been cut and allowed to degenerate. Vascular nerves showing immunoreactivity for dopamine it-hydroxylase and PPLI had the same distribution. It is concluded that PPLI is located in periarterial noradrenergic nerves. However, other noradrenergic nerves in the intestine do not show PPLI, and PPLI also occurs in nerves that are not noradrenergic. Analysis of changes in the distribution of terminals after microsurgical lesions of pathways in the small intestine showed that processes of myenteric PP-nerve cells provide terminals in the underlying circular muscle and in myenteric ganglia up to about 2 mm more anal. Submucous PP-cell bodies provide terminals to the mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217403
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Choline acetyltransferase- and peptide immunoreactivity of submucous neurons in the small intestine of the guinea-pig (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 329-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Choline acetyltransferase ; Cholecystokinin ; Neuropeptide Y ; Somatostatin ; Substance P ; Intestine, small ; Submucous ganglia ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The peptides cholecystokinin (CCK), neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin (SOM), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and the synthesizing enzyme for acetylcholine, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were localized immunohistochemically in nerve cell bodies of the submucous ganglia in the small intestine of the guinea-pig. VIP-like immunoreactivity was found in 45% of submucous neurons. ChAT immunoreactivity was observed in a separate group of nerve cells, which made up 54% of the total population. There were three subsets of neurons immunoreactive for ChAT: (1) ChAT neurons that also contained immunoreactivity for each of the peptides CCK, SOM and NPY, representing 29% of all submucous neurons; (2) ChAT neurons that also contained SP-like immunoreactivity, representing 11% of all submucous neurons, and (3) ChAT cells that did not contain any detectable amount of the peptides that were localized in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217152
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurochemically similar myenteric and submucous neurons directly traced to the mucosa of the small intestine (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 155-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Cholecystokinin ; Choline acetyltransferase ; Neuropeptide Y ; Somatostatin ; Enteric nervous system ; Intestine, small ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antisera to neuropeptide Y (NPY) gave an intense immunohistochemical reaction of certain nerve cells in the myenteric and submucous plexuses of the guinea-pig small intestine. Each nerve cell had up to 20 branching, tapering processes that were less than ∼50 μm long and a long process that could be followed for a considerable distance. This morphology corresponds to that of the type-III cells of Dogiel. The long process of each myenteric cell ran through the circular muscle to the submucosa, and in most cases the process could be traced to the mucosa. The submucous nerve cell bodies also had processes that extended to the mucosa. These cell bodies, in both plexuses, also stained with antisera raised against calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP), cholecystokinin (CCK), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and somatostatin (SOM), but did not stain with antibodies against enkephalin, substance P or vasoactive intestinal peptide. Thus, it has been possible for the first time to trace the processes of chemically specified neurons through the layers of the intestinal wall and to show by a direct method that CGRP/CCK/ChAT/NPY/ SOM myenteric and submucous nerves cells provide terminals in the mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214637
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The source of the nerve fibres forming the deep muscular and circular muscle plexuses in the small intestine of the guinea-pig (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 497-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enteric nervous system ; Intestine, small ; Nerves, degeneration ; Neuronal connections ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A quantitative ultrastructural study was made of the neuntes forming the deep muscular and circular muscle plexuses of the guinea-pig small intestine following microsurgical lesions designed to interrupt intrinsic and extrinsic nerve pathways within the intestinal wall. Removal of a collar of longitudinal muscle with attached myenteric plexus from the circumference of a segment of small intestine resulted in the subsequent disappearance of 99.3% of neurites in the underlying circular muscle. The few surviving neurites in the deep muscular plexus and circular muscle disappeared completely from lesioned segments that were, in addition, extrinsically denervated surgically. These results indicate that the majority of nerve fibres in the deep muscular and circular muscle plexuses of the guinea-pig small intestine is intrinsic to the intestine and originates from nerve cell bodies located in the overlying myenteric plexus. At the light-microscopic level, nerve bundles were traced from the myenteric plexus to the circular muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215742
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies of the myenteric plexus and smooth muscle in organotypic cultures of the guinea-pig small intestine (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 627-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myenteric plexus ; Smooth muscle ; Organotypic culture ; Ultrastructure ; Intestine, small ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract External muscle and myenteric plexus from the small intestine of adult guinea-pigs were maintained in vitro for 3 or 6 days. Myenteric neurons and smooth muscle cells from such organotypic cultures were examined at the electron-microscopic level. An intact basal lamina was found around the myenteric ganglia and internodal strands. Neuronal membranes, nuclei and subcellular organelles appeared to be well preserved in cultured tissues and ribosomes were abundant. Dogiel type-II neurons were distinguishable by their elongated electron-dense mitochondria, numerous lysosomes and high densities of ribosomes. Vesiculated nerve profiles contained combinations of differently shaped vesicles. Synaptic membrane specializations were found between vesiculated nerve profiles and nerve processes and cell bodies. The majority of nerve fibres were well preserved in the myenteric ganglia, in internodal strands and in bundles running between circular muscle cells. No detectable changes were found in the ultrastructure of the somata and processes of glial cells. Longitudinal and circular muscle cells from cultured tissue had clearly defined membranes with some close associations with neighbouring muscle cells. Caveolae occurred in rows that ran parallel to the long axis of the muscle cells. These results indicate that the ultrastructural features of enteric neurons and smooth muscle of the guinea-pig small intestine are well preserved in organotypic culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318365
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