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  • Electronic Resource  (11)
  • 1995-1999  (11)
  • 1975-1979
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  • 1996  (6)
  • 1995  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 5516-5521 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Conductivity modulated devices, similar to photoconductors in operation, for use as radiation detectors were fabricated from polycrystalline chemical vapor deposited diamond films. These detectors were designed to operate under extremely high radiation fields with a large dynamic range in both response and speed. Two types of detectors were studied: a parallel-plate device and a surface device (SDT). The radiation used to excite these detectors was minimum ionizing electrons with an energy of 16 MeV and a nominal pulse width of less than 25 ps. The response time of all detectors was less than 45 ps. The sensitivity of the detectors was in the range 10−5–10−6 A/W. Over the operating range of the detectors, signal saturation was not observed because to the signal size was small in comparison to the applied bias voltage. The detectors appeared to be linear with dose and dose rate over two orders of magnitude, and for dose rates up to 1013 rad/s. Long-lived signal decay tails contributed to much less than 1% of the signal. The response of a SDT detector appeared to be independent of the orientation of the detector to the incident beam direction when the excitation source is minimum ionizing. It appears that the dose-rate linearity may be extended to a range greater than 1013 rad/s. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 3016-3018 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A quantitative measure of grain-boundary effects on the carrier transport properties in polycrystalline chemical-vapor-deposited diamond has been obtained using a 10-ns hard x-ray excitation source. Two device geometries were used to gain insight into the extent of grain-boundary effects: one having the applied electric field normal and the other parallel to the grain orientation. The applied electric field intensity was varied to adjust the mean-free carrier drift distance. The degradation in the carrier transport properties at an electric field intensity of 10 kV/cm by the grain-boundary appears to be approximately a factor of two in comparison to the intragrain carrier transport.© 1996 American Institute of Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Despite the prevalence of γδ T cells in mucosae that are typically colonized by Candida albicans, little is known of the possible role of these cells in resistance to candidiasis. A sharp increase in the number of γδ T cells and macrophages following intraperitoneal ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 32 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A modeling framework was developed to determine phosphorus loadings to Lake Okeechobee from watersheds located north of the lake. This framework consists of the land-based model CREAMS-WT, the in-stream transport model QUAL2E, and an interface procedure to format the land-based model output for use by the in-stream model. QUAL2E hydraulics and water quality routines were modified to account for flow routing and phosphorus retention in both wetlands and stream channels. Phosphorus loadings obtained from previous applications of CREAMS-WT were used by QUAL2E, and calibration and verification showed that QUAL2E accurately simulated seasonal and annual phosphorus loadings from a watershed. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses indicated that the accuracy of monthly loadings can be improved by using better estimates of in-stream phosphorus decay rates, ground water phosphorus concentrations, and runoff phosphorus concentrations as input to QUAL2E.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 10 (1995), S. 210-215 
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La scintigraphie avec des substances radio-isotopiques est d'usage courant comme examen de dépistage avant d'envisager des procédures plus invasives dans l'établissement du diagnostic de patients souffrant d'hémorragies gastro-intestinales basses (GI). Nous avons recontrôlé l'expérience que nous avons acquise dans notre institution avec des scintigraphies, à l'aide d'hématies marquées au Technetium (TRCS) dans le dépistage et la localisation des sources d'hémorragies gastro-intestinales basses. Cette étude porte sur un groupe de 72 patients qui ont subi 80 scintigraphies aux hématies marquées sur une période de 5 ans. Trente-huit scans étaient positifs (47,5%) et 42 négatifs (52,5%). Le lieu de l'hémorragie gastro-intestinale basse a été confirmé par endoscopie, artériographie, chirurgie et/ou pathologie dans 22 des 38 cas avec scintigraphie positive. Quatre scintigraphies étaient faussement négatives (9,5%). La sensibilité et la spécificité globale pour TRCS dans le dépistage d'hémorragies gastrointestinales basses et de 84,6% (22/26) et 70,4% (38/54). L'exactitude de la localisation des points de saignemenet chez nos patients dont la scintigraphie était positive est de 72,7% (16/22). Trente patients ont subi des artériographies mésentériques dans notre série, 11 artériographies ont été réalisées après des TRCS négatives: une s'est révélée positive. La scintigraphie aux hématies marquées au Technetium semble être un moyen utile de dépistage de patients hémodynamiquement stables présentant une hémorragie gastrointestinale basse. Cet examen permet d'éviter la morbidité potentielle d'une artériographie chez des sujets qui ne présentent pas un saignement actif.
    Notes: Abstract Radionuclide scintigraphy is commonly utilized as a screening examination before performing more invasive procedures in the work-up of patients with lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. We reviewed our institutional experience with technetium-labelled red blood cell scintigraphy (TRCS) in detecting and localising acute lower GI bleeding. The study group included 72 patients who had 80 red cell scans over a five year period. Thirty-eight scans were positive (47.5%), and 42 were negative (52.5%). Sites of lower GI bleeding were confirmed by endoscopy, arteriography, surgery and/or pathology in 22 of the 38 positive scans. There were four false-negative scans (9.5%). The overall sensitivity and specificity of TRCS in detecting lower GI bleeding was 84.6% (22/26) and 70.4% (38/54), respectively. The accuracy of localization of bleeding sites in the patients with confirmed positive scans was 72.7% (16/22). Thirty mesenteric arteriograms were performed on patients in this series. Eleven arteriograms were performed after negative TRCS; one was positive. Technetium-labelled red blood cell scintigraphy appears to be a useful screening examination for patients with lower GI bleeding who are hemodynamically stable. This may avoid the potential morbidity of arteriography in patients who are not actively bleeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: ICA 69 ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; rheumatoid arthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Islet cell antigen (ICA) 69 is a newly-recognized islet cell antigen to which autoantibodies have been observed in prediabetic relatives of patients with insulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Here we extend the earlier analysis of ICA 69 antibodies to patients with recent-onset IDDM and to patients with other immune-mediated diseases. ICA 69 antibodies were determined by Western blot using an affinity purified recombinant fusion protein of ICA 69 and maltose binding protein. ICA 69 antibody quantities were determined as titres using a titration curve of a standard serum as reference. Mean logarithmic ICA 69 antibody titres were 3.4 (±1.4) in 99 patients with acute IDDM compared to 2.8 (±0.9) in 49 healthy blood donors (p〈0.001). A higher mean ICA 69 antibody titre of 4.1 (±0.8) was observed in 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in comparison to acute IDDM (p〈0.01) and healthy control subjects (p〈0.001). The percentage of sera with ICA 69 antibody titres above the 2 SD level of normal subjects was 21% in IDDM, 31% in rheumatoid arthritis and 6% in healthy blood donors. None of the patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (n=20), inflammatory bowel disease (n=9) or multiple sclerosis (n=7) had elevated ICA 69 antibodies. In IDDM, presence of ICA 69 antibodies persisted and the titre remained the same over 18 months of follow-up. The relationship of ICA 69 antibodies to islet cell antibodies (ICA) or insulin autoantibodies (IAA) was tested. The production of ICA 69 antibodies was not associated in diabetic patients with the presence of any of the two other autoantibodies. In conclusion, this study describes ICA 69 antibodies in acute IDDM and finds them to be independent of other islet autoantibodies. In addition ICA 69 is a target of humoural autoimmunity not only in IDDM but also in rheumatoid arthritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words ICA 69 ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; rheumatoid arthritis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Islet cell antigen (ICA) 69 is a newly-recognized islet cell antigen to which autoantibodies have been observed in prediabetic relatives of patients with insulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Here we extend the earlier analysis of ICA 69 antibodies to patients with recent-onset IDDM and to patients with other immune-mediated diseases. ICA 69 antibodies were determined by Western blot using an affinity purified recombinant fusion protein of ICA 69 and maltose binding protein. ICA 69 antibody quantities were determined as titres using a titration curve of a standard serum as reference. Mean logarithmic ICA 69 antibody titres were 3.4 (± 1.4) in 99 patients with acute IDDM compared to 2.8 (± 0.9) in 49 healthy blood donors (p 〈 0.001). A higher mean ICA 69 antibody titre of 4.1 (± 0.8) was observed in 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in comparison to acute IDDM (p 〈 0.01) and healthy control subjects (p 〈 0.001). The percentage of sera with ICA 69 antibody titres above the 2 SD level of normal subjects was 21 % in IDDM, 31 % in rheumatoid arthritis and 6 % in healthy blood donors. None of the patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (n = 20), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 9) or multiple sclerosis (n = 7) had elevated ICA 69 antibodies. In IDDM, presence of ICA 69 antibodies persisted and the titre remained the same over 18 months of follow-up. The relationship of ICA 69 antibodies to islet cell antibodies (ICA) or insulin autoantibodies (IAA) was tested. The production of ICA 69 antibodies was not associated in diabetic patients with the presence of any of the two other autoantibodies. In conclusion, this study describes ICA 69 antibodies in acute IDDM and finds them to be independent of other islet autoantibodies. In addition ICA 69 is a target of humoural autoimmunity not only in IDDM but also in rheumatoid arthritis. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 351–355]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 141 (1996), S. 779-788 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 38 (1996), S. 379-389 
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Coloniality ; Purple martin ; Progne subis ; Cuckoldry ; Lek
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Proposed causal links between extra-pair copulation (EPC) and colony formation in socially monogamous birds hinge on the question of which sex controls fertilizations. We examined in colonial purple martins Progne subis (1) whether EPCs were forced or accepted by females, and (2) the degree to which apparently receptive females were able to obtain EPCs against their mates’ paternity defenses. Paternity analyses of multilocus DNA fingerprinting confirmed previous findings of a marked relationship between age class and extra-pair fertilizations (EPFs), with young males losing paternity of 43% (n = 53) of their putative offspring compared to 4% (n = 85) by old males. All assignable extra-pair offspring were sired by old males, with one male obtaining most EPFs each year. Contrary to the hypothesis that EPCs are forced, EPF frequency within age class did not increase with seasonal increases in the number of males per fertile female. Whereas the male control hypothesis predicted that the male age class that mate-guarded more would be cuckolded less, the reverse was true: young males guarded significantly more intensely. The male age class difference in cuckoldry could not be explained by the possibility that young and inexperienced females (which are usually paired to young males) were more vulnerable to forced copulation because EPFs were unrelated to female age. These findings suggest that females (1) pair with old males and avoid EPCs, or (2) pursue a mixed mating strategy of pairing with young males and accepting EPCs from old males. The receptivity to EPCs by females paired to young males put them in conflict with their mates. Two factors determined the paternity achieved by young males: (1) the relative size of the male to the female, with young males achieving much higher paternity when they were larger than their mates, and (2) the intensity of mate-guarding. Both variables together explained 77% of the variance in paternity and are each aspects of male-female conflict. Given female receptivity to EPCs, mate-guarding can be viewed as male interference with female mating strategies. We conclude that EPCs are rarely or never forced, but the opportunity for females paired to young males to obtain EPCs is relative to the ability of their mates to prevent them from encountering other males. Evidence of mixed mating strategies by females, combined with other features of the martin mating system, is consistent with the female-driven “hidden lek hypothesis” of colony formation which predicts that males are drawn to colonies when females seek extra-pair copulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: siloxanes ; carbohydrate modified ; surfactants ; saccharide ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New siloxanyl-modified carbohydrate surfactants of the amide and glycoside type have been synthesized by coupling between defined as well as higher-molecular-weight siloxanes and carbohydrate structures via spacers of different lengths and hydrophilic power. Linear and branched monohydrogen di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-siloxanes and polyhydrogen siloxanes as well as mono- and di-saccharide lactone structures have been found to be good starting materials for the synthesis of amides, often in quantitative yield, whereas glycosides had to be prepared in low-yield multistep sequences including protection/deprotection steps. Selected strategies were applied to polysiloxanes yielding quantitatively a broad variety of carbohydrate-modified comb-like structures. The new substances were characterized by means of 13C NMR spectroscopy, GC, capillary GC, GC-MS coupling and elemental analysis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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