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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interrelation of mechanical and optical properties of plasticized epoxy polymers (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 1725-1734 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of cold-setting epoxy polymers, plasticized with different amounts of plasticizer, ranging between 0 and 90% by weight of the amount of the epoxy prepolymer, were studied for their mechanical, optical, and fracture behavior properties. Quantities defining the mechanical properties were considered: the elastic modulus E, Poisson's ratio v, and fracture tensile stress σf. These were accurately measured with electric strain gauges in specimens tested in a 5-ton Instron tester. The optical behavior was characterized by the stress optical coefficients of the materials in both principal directions, α and β, as well as by the coefficient of optical anisotropy, ζ. The values of these quantities were measured by a Fizeau interferometric method. Finally, the optical method of caustics was applied to cracked epoxy polymer specimens to provide a new experimental technique for determining the stress optical properties of these polymers in terms of their mechanical properties. This method was used to check the previous results found by established experimental methods.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070220621
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indentation studies in aluminum-filled epoxies (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 2245-2252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A class of aluminum-filled epoxy composites were subjected to indentation tests over a wide temperature range. The tests were carried out under constant load and continuously varying temperature. The effect of aluminum content, applied load, and adhesion efficiency between matrix and aluminum particles on the indentation behavior was studied. Measured indentation values were found to lie within limits predicted theoretically.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070220816
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The elastic moduli of particulate-filled polymers (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 2997-3011 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The static and dynamic elastic moduli of particulate composites, consisting of two phases, one of which has isotropic-elastic and the other linear viscoelastic properties, were studied. For this purpose a model defining the approximate equations for determining the elastic modulus of a composite from the properties of the constituent materials was used. Classical theory of elasticity was applied to this simplified model of a composite-unit cell. The following assumptions are made: (i) filler particles are spherical; (ii) fillers are completely dispersed; and (iii) the volume fraction of fillers is sufficiently small, so that any interaction among fillers may be neglected. A class of iron-filled epoxy composites was subjected to tests in order to compare the theoretical values with the experimental results. The elastic modulus calculated by the expression derived in this study seems to corroborate with the experimental results fairly well. Finally, by applying the correspondence principle to this expression, theoretical relationships for the dynamic storage and loss moduli were also derived.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070291006
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal expansion properties of particulates based on the concept of mesophase (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 2979-2995 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The determination of the cubic thermal expansion coefficient of a two-phase particulate is presented in this paper. The model described is based on the well-known Kerner's model and takes into account the existence of mesophase, which constitutes a boundary layer between inclusions and the matrix in the composite. This layer is assumed as created by the substance of matrix during the preparation procedure of the composite, and it includes areas of imperfections around and near the inclusions. The influence of this layer on the effective properties of the composite has been proved to be significant. In order to take into consideration the influence of mesophase a spherical shell with the average properties of this layer is interposed between the spherical inclusion and the matrix. The evaluation of the average elastic and thermoelastic properties and also of the extent of mesophase is succeeded by considering the two-term unfolding model, introduced previously, for describing the change of the elastic modulus of the mesophase layer of fiber-reinforced and particulate composites. The two-term unfolding model was, in this paper, extended to incorporate the mode of variation of the thermal expansion coefficient and the bulk modulus in the mesophase. The model was applied to a polyurethane rubber filled with particles of sodium chloride, and its predictions were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070300721
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adhesion quality and extent of mesophase in particulates along the whole viscoelastic spectrum (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 6267-6279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The extent of mesophase, which constitutes the boundary layer between the filler and the matrix of a composite, was defined in this paper along the whole viscoelastic spectrum of the polymeric substance constituting the matrix. The already established two-term unfolding model1-3 was based on thermodynamic measurements of the heat capacity jumps at the glass transition regions of the filled and unfilled substances in order to define the extent of mesophase. In this paper we dispense ourselves with these delicate measurements, based on Lipatov's theory, and we use values taken from the storage and loss compliances of the composite and its constituents, along the whole viscoelastic spectrum of the composite. It was shown that the extent of the mesophase, necessary to sustain the shearing loading between phases, appearing at the glass transition zone, where the loss-compliances presented their characteristic peaks of resonance, remained constant and almost independent of the respective values of mechanical properties at this critical region. It was shown that any set of values of the mechanical characteristic quantities, defining the composite and its constituents along the whole viscoelastic spectrum, is sufficient to evaluate the extent of the mesophase, and this boundary layer undergoes only negligible variations. Experimental evidence with typical E-glass polystyrene and other particulates, at various volume fractions of the filler, yielded a satisfactory coincidence with the results derived by using Lipatov's theory and a constancy of the mesophase thickness along the whole temperature range.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320810
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The gel-phase modulus of high-impact polystyrene from dynamic mechanical spectroscopy (1988)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 9 (1988), S. 229-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: High-impact polystyrene (HIPS) constitutes a mechanically attractive composite, consisting of a glassy matrix and a rubberlike particle phase (gel phase). Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy was performed for the polystyrene matrix for three different types of HIPS as well as for the concentrated gel-phase material, at the vicinity of the respective glass-transition temperatures (Tg). An approximate estimation of the gel-phase modulus was attempted by using known mechanical models. A comparison with experiments was also made. The modulus of the composite was found to be lower than the theoretical lower bound for particulate composites. This was attributed to a separate phase between gel particles and the matrix. A diffusion-type variation of the modulus of this mesophase layer was estimated, and a correlation between calculated fitting parametric exponents and impact behavior of HIPS was found. Moreover, the Tgs of the materials under investigation were also measured with two independent methods. It was found that all types of HIPS presented higher Tgs than the pure matrix by 5 to 10°C with the highest Tg found being that of the gel-enriched material. The shift of Tgs to higher temperatures was attributed to an eventual increase of the effective cross-link density of the matrix because of grafting.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750090310
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic mechanical properties of particulates: Application to iron-epoxy composites (1986)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 7 (1986), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The dynamic mechanical properties of composite materials, consisting of an epoxy matrix filled with iron particles, were determined over a temperature range. The storage- and loss moduli were evaluated in a Dynastat apparatus, with the parameters being the volume fraction of filler and the test frequency. A theoretical model was developed for comparing the experimental results with the theoretical predictions. A satisfactory correlation was obtained for the glassy region of the composite.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750070102
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relaxation response of polyurethane elastomers (1965)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 3 (1965), S. 2619-2635 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The transient extension relaxation modulus E(t) and the lateral contraction ratio vr(t) for a polyurethane elastomer have been simultaneously measured in the transition region from the glassy to the rubbery consistencies of the material. The differential moiré method was used in these measurements and yielded simultaneous values of the longitudinal extension and the lateral contraction principal strains of the tension specimen. Composite curves of E(t) and vr(t) reduced to a standard temperature were obtained by applying the method of reduced variables. The time factors KT in both curves were coincident and they followed the WLF equation. The shear and bulk modulus characteristic functions were determined from the extension modulus and lateral contraction ratio functions. The values of the lateral contraction ratio in relaxation were determined by using data of the extension relaxation modulus along the whole viscoelastic range and the initial value of the lateral contraction ratio at the rubbery state and applying an indirect method. The results obtained by the indirect method coincided with the experimental values. The shear modulus function was evaluated from the extension relaxation modulus and the lateral contraction ratio functions and compared with the shear dynamic compliance determined by Landel. The experimental data indicated that a linear relationship holds between the lateral contraction ratio in relaxation and the bulk modulus along the whole response spectrum. The same relationship was previously shown to hold for a series of various polymeric substances.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1965.100030718
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