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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE DESIGN OF CLINICAL TRIALS FOR NEW THERAPIES IN BLADDER CANCER. IS IT TIME FOR NEW STRATEGIES ? (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of urology 2 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.1995.tb00484.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new joint endeavor (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of infection and chemotherapy 6 (2000), S. 71-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00012153
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endotoxemia and bacteremia in patients following ultrasonic lithotripsy (1987)
    Springer
    Urological research 15 (1987), S. 45-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Endotoxemia ; Bacteremia ; Ultrasonic lithotripsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The incidence of endotoxemia was studied in 17 patients who underwent ultrasonic lithotripsy (USL), and compared with the incidence in 11 patients who underwent transurethral resection (TUR) and in 8 patients who underwent other operations. Fourteen of 17 patients (82%) who underwent ultrasonic lithotripsy had endotoxemia. The incidence of endotoxemia after USL was significantly higher than that after TUR (9%) or after other operations (12.5%). Only 2 of the 17 patients (12%) who underwent USL had bacteremia. The organisms isolated were P. mirabilis and S. sanguis, respectively. Six of the 14 patients with endotoxemia after USL suffered high fever. These data suggest that endotoxemia is a factor which causes high fever after USL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256335
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlamydia trachomatis antigen can be detected in the urine sample of men with non-gonococcal urethritis (1991)
    Springer
    Urological research 19 (1991), S. 235-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Chlamydia trachomatis ; First portion of voided urine ; Non-gonococcal urethritis ; Enzymeamplified immunoassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We tested the first portion of voided urine (FVU) and urethral swab from 80 patients with nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) using a novel enzymeamplified immunoassay (IDEIA) for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen. Urine specimens were positive in all patients with positive urethral swabs (positive coincidence ratio, 100%) and in 6 of 54 patients with negative swabs (negative coincidence ratio, 88.9%). Our data suggest that FVU is suitable for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen using the IDEIA test in patients with NGU.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305301
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of prednisolone on ascending renal infection due to biofilm disease and lower urinary tract obstruction in rats (1995)
    Springer
    Urological research 22 (1995), S. 383-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Lower urinary tract obstruction ; Biofilm disease ; Renal scarring ; Prednisolone ; Ciprofloxacin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A model of renal infection due to lower urinary tract obstruction and biofilm disease was constructed for the study of renal scarring by inserting glass beads coated with bacterial biofilm into the bladder of rats and then clamping the urethra. We previously reported the effect of antimicrobial therapy used in combination with the anti-inflammatory agent prednisolone to prevent renal scarring. In this study we investigated the effect of prednisolone on renal scar formation using our new model. Renal scarring could not be prevented in the group in which prednisolone was administered in the period during which the urethra was regularly being clamped. In contrast, scarring was prevented in the group that began to receive prednisolone after the period of clamping had ended. Therefore, in cases of lower urinary tract obstruction prednisolone should only be administered for the prevention of renal scarrring after the obstruction has been resolved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296880
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significance of urinary endotoxin concentration in patients with urinary tract infection (1991)
    Springer
    Urological research 19 (1991), S. 293-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Endotoxin ; Urinary tract infection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Endotoxin is a component of the outer membrane of gram-negative rods (GNR). Since GNR are responsible for the majority of urinary tract infection (UTI), we measured the concentration of endotoxin in urine using chromogenic endotoxin-specific assay and examined its diagnostic utility in patients with suspected UTI. In all 18 urine samples with an endotoxin concentration exceeding 350 pg/ml and 2 samples with 10–350 pg/ml of endotoxin concentration, GNR were detected at a count of 104 cfu/ml. Negative for endotoxin were 3 samples of culture positive for grampositive cocci (GPC), 2 samples containing various bacterial contaminants and all 37 samples with no growth on culture. Two urine samples collected 5 h after antibiotic dosage showed negative culture for GNR but a significant concentration of endotoxin. In an in vitro experiment, a residual concentration of antibiotic in urine inhibited bacterial growth, leading to a falsenegative culture. These results suggest that chromogenic endotoxin assay is a reliable method for diagnosing UTI caused by GNR and detecting false-negative culture of GNR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299061
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of NaCl and urea concentration comparable to renal medulla on superoxide production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1988)
    Springer
    Urological research 16 (1988), S. 367-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Superoxide ; PMNL ; Hyperosmolarity ; NaCl ; Urea ; Pyelonephritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of hyperosmolarity on superoxide production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) was examined using NaCl and urea as osmotic substances. Superoxide production was inhibited in a hyperosmotic environment produced by high concentrations of these substances with the following IC50:440±75 (SD) mOsm/kg for NaCl and 660±100 for urea. In the case of NaCl, this inhibition was time-dependent and abolished at 4°C. Since PMNL pump out Na+ ion for maintenance of cellular volume in an energy dependent fashion, it was suggested that the inhibition of superoxide production was due to the exhaustion of energy stores. On the other hand, urea inhibition was almost immediate and remained even when preincubation was performed at 4°C. Because the transport of urea through the cell membrane is known to be energy independent, these findings suggested that urea was either an inhibitor of the NADPH oxidase or a scavenger of superoxide anion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256044
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased renal scarring by bacteria with mannose-sensitive pili (1990)
    Springer
    Urological research 18 (1990), S. 299-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: MS pili ; Serratia marcescens ; Renal scarring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Renal scars are thought to be the end stage of chronic pyelonephritis and one of the most important causes of renal insufficiency and renal hypertension. The role of bacterial pili was examined in scar formation after an infection of newly constructed bacterial strains using the recombinant DNA technique, which possessed either mannose resistant (MR) or mannose sensitive (MS) pili of Serratia marcescens. Strains that differed in only a single virulence factor, namely, MR or MS pili, were used in a rat model of chronic pyelonephritis. In this model, MS-piliated bacteria stimulated renal scarring more severely than non-piliated or MR-piliated bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300774
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutrophil function in hyperosmotic NaCl is preserved by phosphoenol pyruvate (1991)
    Springer
    Urological research 19 (1991), S. 223-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Hyperosmolarity ; NaCl ; Neutrophil ; Phosphoenol pyruvic acid ; ATP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hyperosmolority in the urinary tract inhibits the host defense against bacterial infection. NaCl contributes most to osmolority in the renal medulla and urine. Therefore, we studied the effect of hyperosmolar NaCl on neutrophil function. When osmolarity was increased by NaCl, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) became defective in phagocytosis, intracellular killing of bacteria, chemotactic activity, and superoxide production. This coincided with a decrease in the intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content of PMNL. Both the inhibition of superoxide production and the reduction in ATP content did not occur at 4°C. By increasing ATP content, phosphoenol pyruvic acid (PEP) protected against the decrease in superoxide production. These results suggest that leukocyte function is inhibited by high concentrations of NaCl due to the activation of the Na+−K+ pump. PEP, an ATP precursor, can protect PMNL against osmotic stress by raising the intracellular concentration of ATP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305299
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of superoxide in renal scarring following infection by mannose-sensitive piliated bacteria (1991)
    Springer
    Urological research 19 (1991), S. 229-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Pyelonephritis ; Renal scarring ; Pathogenesis ; Serratia marcescens ; Piliation ; Superoxide dismutase ; Leukocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of superoxide in scar formation following renal infection caused by mannose-sensitive (MS) piliated strains of bacteria was studied in the experimental pyelonephritis model using female Sprague-Dawley rats. The MS piliated strain stimulated renal scarring to a significantly greater extent than either the non-piliated or MR-piliated strain. Modulation of leukocytes by administering cyclophosphamide to induce neutropenia and colchicine to inhibit leukocyte migration was effective in preventing renal scarring. Treatment with superoxide dismutase during the early stage of infection was also effective in preventing scar formation. Finally, the production of superoxide by rat leukocytes was significantly larger following stimulation by MS piliated than either the nonpiliated or MR piliated strains. These observations suggest that superoxide released from leukocytes plays a critical role in the development of renal scarring following a bacterial infection, especially by MS piliated strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305300
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