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  • Digitale Medien  (17)
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  • Digitale Medien  (17)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modeling a one-dimensional bremsstrahlung and neutron imaging array for use on Sandia's Z machine : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 549-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Inertial confinement fusion is being studied on the Z facility at Sandia National Laboratories. Z is a large z-pinch machine which can provide 20 MA of current to z-pinch loads producing ∼1.8 MJ of soft x rays in less than 10 ns. Within the pinch region, decelerated electrons produce a strong source of bremsstrahlung radiation which varies from shot to shot. Additionally, a variety of inertial confinement fusion targets may produce fusion neutrons, the intensity and distribution of which depend on the temperature and density of the pinch. In this article, we describe the computer modeling behind the shielding design of a simple time-resolved, one-dimensional imaging array. This diagnostic will provide a time history for both the bremsstrahlung and neutron production as a function of height in the target. Calculations show that by building an array of scintillator fibers separated by long, thin tungsten collimator plates, a sampling rate of 0.254 mm at the target can be achieved. The corresponding channel-to-channel discrimination for such a design is shown to be better than 1000(as)1 for 〈4 MeV photons and 100(as)1 for 2.45 MeV neutrons. By coupling scintillator fibers to a fiber-optic streak camera system, the system time response is expected to be dominated by the scintillator response (∼1.2 ns). © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149284
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Target diagnostic system for the national ignition facility (invited) : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 868-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: A review of recent progress on the design of a diagnostic system proposed for ignition target experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) will be presented. This diagnostic package contains an extensive suite of optical, x ray, gamma ray, and neutron diagnostics that enable measurements of the performance of both direct and indirect driven NIF targets. The philosophy used in designing all of the diagnostics in the set has emphasized redundant and independent measurement of fundamental physical quantities relevant to the operation of the NIF target. A unique feature of these diagnostics is that they are being designed to be capable of operating in the high radiation, electromagnetic pulse, and debris backgrounds expected on the NIF facility. The diagnostic system proposed can be categorized into three broad areas: laser characterization, hohlraum characterization, and capsule performance diagnostics. The operating principles of a representative instrument from each class of diagnostic employed in this package will be summarized and illustrated with data obtained in recent prototype diagnostic tests. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147917
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Target diagnostics for intense lithium ion hohlraum experiments on Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 511-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: A review of the diagnostics used at Sandia National Laboratories to measure the parameters of intense lithium ion-beam hohlraum target experiments on Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II will be presented. This diagnostic package contains an extensive suite of x-ray spectral and imaging diagnostics that enable measurements of target temperature and x-ray output. The x-ray diagnostics include time-integrated and time-resolved pinhole cameras, energy-resolved one-dimensional streaked imaging diagnostics, time-integrated and time-resolved grazing incidence spectrographs, a transmission grating spectrograph, an elliptical crystal spectrograph, a bolometer array, an 11- element x-ray diode array, and an 11-element PIN diode detector array. The incident Li beam symmetry and an estimate of incident Li beam power density can be measured from ion beam-induced characteristic x-ray line emission and neutron emission. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146334
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diagnostics on Z (invited) : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 1167-1172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: The 100 ns, 20 MA pinch-driver Z is surrounded by an extensive set of diagnostics. There are nine radial lines of sight set at 12° above horizontal and each of these may be equipped with up to five diagnostic ports. Instruments routinely fielded viewing the pinch from the side with these ports include x-ray diode arrays, photoconducting detector arrays, bolometers, transmission grating spectrometers, time-resolved x-ray pinhole cameras, x-ray crystal spectrometers, calorimeters, silicon photodiodes, and neutron detectors. A diagnostic package fielded on axis for viewing internal pinch radiation consists of nine lines of sight. This package accommodates virtually the same diagnostics as the radial ports. Other diagnostics not fielded on the axial or radial ports include current B-dot monitors, filtered x-ray scintillators coupled by fiber optics to streak cameras, streaked visible spectroscopy, velocity interferometric system for any reflector, bremsstrahlung cameras, and active shock breakout measurement of hohlraum temperature. The data acquisition system is capable of recording up to 500 channels and the data from each shot is available on the Internet. A major new diagnostic presently under construction is the BEAMLET backlighter. We will briefly describe each of these diagnostics and present some of the highest-quality data from them. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1322618
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of a visible framing camera diagnostic for the study of current initiation in z-pinch plasmas : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 656-659 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: We assembled and tested a visible framing camera system to take 5 ns FWHM images of the early time emission from a z-pinch plasma. This diagnostic was used in conjunction with a visible streak camera allowing early time emissions measurements to diagnose current initiation. Individual frames from gated image intensifiers were proximity coupled to charge injection device cameras and read out at video rate and 8-bit resolution. A mirror was used to view the pinch from a 90° angle. We observed the destruction of the mirror surface, due to the high surface heating, and the subsequent reduction in signal reflected from the mirror. Images were obtained that showed early time ejecta and a non-uniform emission from the target. This initial test of the equipment highlighted problems with this measurement. We observed nonuniformities in early time emission. This is believed to be due to either spatially varying current density or heating of the foam. Images were obtained that showed early time ejecta from the target. The results and suggestions for improvement are discussed in the text. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147592
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    PBFA II lithium beam characterization from inner-shell x-ray images : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 743-745 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: The Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator (PBFA II) is now driving targets with ICF-relevant lithium ion beams. During the most recent lithium beam target series, time-integrated x-ray pinhole cameras viewed the ion-induced inner-shell x-ray fluorescence from the central gold cone target and a titanium-coated strip. Ion-beam profiles at a nominal 10-mm radius and fixed azimuthal direction were obtained from images of the Ti Kα fluorescence of a Ti-coated Al diagnostic wire. The gold cone gave us beam profiles at a nominal 3-mm radius and at all azimuthal angles from the Au Lα fluorescence. From these profiles, we obtained the ion-beam vertical focus position, the full width at half maximum, and the degree of azimuthal uniformity for the lithium target shots. For these initial results, beam steering problems were evident. Azimuthal uniformity was measured from the ion-beam footprint on the outer Au case (predominantly Au Lα) of the hohlraum target and was found to be in the same range (up to 30%) as for previous proton beam target series. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146276
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Current initiation in low-density foam z-pinch plasmas : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 848-851 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Low density agar and aerogel foams were tested as z-pinch loads on the Saturn accelerator to study current flow initiation. In these first experiments, we studied the initial plasma conditions by measuring the visible emission at early times with a framing camera and a streaked one-dimensional imaging system. Later, near the stagnation when the plasma is hotter, x-ray imaging and spectral diagnostics were used to characterize the plasma. Filamentation and arcing at the current contacts were observed. Bright implosion features were also observed. Increasing the early time conductivity, by coating the target with a high-z layer and by providing a low-current prepulse, is the most important factor in obtaining good coupling to the machine. None of the pinches were uniform along the z axis. The prime causes of these problems are believed to be the electrode contacts and the current return configuration. Solutions are discussed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147706
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of a proton driven, exploding pusher target on PBFA II (abstract) : Proceedings of the 9th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 4778-4778 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: During the past year we have conducted a series of PBFA II target experiments. The design of the experiments was threefold: to characterize the response of targets to ion beams, develop our experimental diagnostic capability, and benchmark our theoretical ability to design and predict the response of the experimental diagnostics to ion-beam-heated, ICF targets. We present here an analysis of spherical exploding pusher experiments. The targets were 6-mm-diam, 100-μm-thick, Cl-doped CH spheres, filled with 1.2 atm of deuterium doped with 7 Torr of H2S. The diagnostics included XRDs, x-ray pinhole, framing, and streak cameras, and a spatially resolved, x-ray crystal spectrometer. Our analysis includes comparisons between experimental results and theoretical predictions of diagnostics responses and sulfur line emission from the compressed target using one- and two-dimensional radiation/hydrodynamic code runs. This work supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-76-DP00789.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143559
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Measurement of beam properties and reproducibility on recent PBFA II target shots : Proceedings of the 9th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 5065-5067 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Recent proton experiments on Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II used a 2 μm gold foil cone to characterize the ion beam. Using the ion beam images obtained by viewing beam-induced characteristic line radiation emitted by such foils with time-integrated x-ray pinhole cameras, the beam centroid axial location and azimuthal symmetry have been analyzed for a recent series of target shots. Azimuthal symmetry on the target midplane on individual shots varied from 6% to 29%. Averaged over the entire series of shots, inferred intensities on the target midplane varied by 24% to 37% from quadrant to quadrant. The beam profiles and beam reproducibility are vital to the interpretation of the results of these target experiments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143493
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Axial diagnostic package for Z : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 464-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: We have developed and fielded an axial diagnostic package for the 20 MA, 100 ns, z-pinch driver Z. The package is used to diagnose dynamic hohlraum experiments which require an axial line of sight. The heart of the package is a reentrant cone originally used to diagnose ion-beam-driven hohlraums on PBFA-II. It has one diagnostic line of sight at 0°, two at 4°, four at 6°, and four at 9°. In addition it has a number of viewing, alignment, and vacuum feedthrough ports. The front of the package sits approximately 1.5 m from the pinch. This allows much closer proximity to the pinch, with inherently better resolution and signal, than is presently possible in viewing the pinch from the side. Debris that is preferentially directed along the axis is mitigated by two apertures for each line of sight, and by fast valves and imaging pinholes or cross slits for each diagnostic. In the initial run with this package we fielded a time-resolved pinhole camera, a five-channel pinhole-apertured x-ray diode array, a bolometer, a spatially resolved time-integrated crystal spectrometer, and a spatially and temporally resolved crystal spectrometer. We will present data obtained from these diagnostics in the dynamic hohlraum research conducted on Z. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149308
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