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  • 1970-1974  (9)
  • 1972  (9)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 11 (1972), S. 200-207 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 11 (1972), S. 167-172 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In übereinstimmung mit Angaben In der Literatur fanden wir nach Injektion hoher Dosen von Fructose, Sorbit oder einem Gemisch aus Glucose, Fructose und Xylit an Ratten einen Abfall von ATP, Gesamt-Adeninnucleotiden und anorganischem Phosphat in der Leber und einen Anstieg an AMP. Wir halten diese Veränderungen für eine vorübergehende Störung der Homöostase durch Verbindungen, die in der Leber sehr rasch phosphoryliert werden. Tatsächlich findet man bei kontinuierlicher Infusion dieser Kohlenhydrate in Dosen von 1,5 g · kg−1 · Std.−1 keine derartigen Veränderungen. Es ist anzunehmen, daß Fructose oder die anderen untersuchten Kohlenhydrate keine Störung des Leberstoffwechsels durch Absinken des Spiegels an Adeninnucleotiden verursachen können, wenn die Dosierung die für die parenterale Ernährung empfohlene Grenze von 0,5 g · kg−1 · Std.−1 nicht überschreitet.
    Notes: Summary Injection of large doses of fructose, sorbitol, or a mixture of glucose, fructose and xylitol in rats causes a drop of liver ATP, total adenine nucleotides and Pi and a rise of AMP, which is in agreement with data from the literature. These changes are considered as a transient disturbance of homeostasis by compounds which are rapidly phosporylated in the liver. This is confirmed by the fact that during continuous infusion of these and other compounds at doses of 1,5 g · kg−1 · h−1 there was no such change. It is concluded that infusions of fructose or of the other carbohydrates tested with rates not exceeding those recommended for parenteral nutrition (0,5 g · kg−1 · h−1) are not likely to disturb liver metabolism by changing levels of adenine nucleotides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Störungen des Calciumstoffwechsels in der Mamma zeigen sich als lokalisierte Kalkablagerungen in Drüsenläppchen, Gängen, Epithelzellen und Nekrosen oder als Hypercalcämie bei metastasierenden Mammacarcinomen. Als Beitrag zur Pathophysiologie wird experimentell die Wirkung von Dihydrotachysterin (DHT) auf die weibliche Brustdrüse der Ratte untersucht. Die Untersuchungen wurden an 60 weiblichen juvenilen Sprague-Dawley-Ratten durchgeführt: 1. Gruppe: Kontrolltiere. 2. Gruppe: Östrogen-Progesteron-Injektionen 1:200, 10 Tage. 3. Gruppe: Östrogen, Progesteron (10 Tage) und 1/2 mg DHT pro 100 g Körpergewicht am 10. Versuchstag. 4. Gruppe: gleiche Bedingungen, jedoch 1/4 mg DHT pro 100 g Körpergewicht. 5. Gruppe: keine Hormone, nur 1/2 mg DHT pro 100 g Körpergewicht. 6. Gruppe: gleiche Bedingungen, nur 1/4 mg DHT pro 100 g Körpergewicht. — Histologische und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen, histometrische Auswertung der Proliferationsgrade mit dem Punkt-Zähl-Verfahren und chemisch-analytische Untersuchungen des Calciumgehaltes der Brustdrüsen. Ergebnisse: 1. DHT führt bei juvenilen, weiblichen Ratten zu einer Proliferation von Milchgängen und Gangsprossen. 2. Nach Vorbehandlung mit Östrogen-Progesteron hat Dihydrotachysterin einen sekretorisch stimulierenden Effekt mit Abgabe eines qualitativ der Lactation vergleichbaren Sekretes. 3. Als Ausdruck der Mobilisation des Calciumstoffwechsels tritt eine herdförmige Calcinose der Mamma und Kalkabscheidungen an Lipoproteidmembranen im endoplasmatischen Reticulum und an Mitochondrien auf. 4. Aus der Pathologie der Brustdrüse des Menschen wird ein Fall von Galactorrhoea hypercalcaemica bei tertiärem Hyperparathyreoidismus beschrieben.
    Notes: Summary Disorders in the metabolism of calcium of the breast are manifested by calcifications of the acini, ducts, epithelial cells and by necrosis and in patients with advanced mammary cancer by hypercalcemia. To study the pathophysiology of these changes we carried out investigations of the mammary glands of female juvenile rats during experimentally induced hypercalcemia. First group: control animals. Second group: rats treated with estrogen-progesterone (5 µg: 1 mg) for 10 days. Third group: the same premedication and 0.5 mg DHT/100 g weight at 10th day. Fourth group: the same hormones but with 0.25 mg DHT/100 g weight. Fifth group: only 0.5 mg DHT. Sixth group: only 0.25 mg DHT/100 g weight. The mammary glands were examined by histological, electron-microscopic and histochemical methods, and chemical-analytical studies of them were made to determine their calcium contents. Results: DHT induces in juvenile female rats a proliferation of the mammary ducts. After pretreatment by estrogen and progesterone DHT induces a secretion in the acini of milk-like fluid with fat-globules and casein-granules, similar to that of the lactation period. The mobilization of calcium by DHT leads to sectorial calcifications in the acini of the mammary glands with a precipitation of calcium in the endoplasmatic reticulum and mitochondria. By describing a patient with galactorrhea hypercalcemica in the third stage of hyperparathyroidism we compare our experimental results with those found in the human.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 8 (1972), S. 211-214 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes ; ketoacidosis ; acetoacetate infusion ; ketone body elimination ; total clearance ; streptozotocin ; regression analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs ont comparé les taux sanguins stables de corps cétoniques au cours d'infusions d'acétoacétate à différentes doses, chez des rats normaux et diabétiques. Les caractéristiques de l'élimination métabolique des corps cétoniques du sang sont complètement modifiées chez les rats diabétiques. Alors que chez les rats normaux les taux stationnaires des corps cétoniques augmentent linéairement avec la vitesse d'infusion, cette augmentation est exponentielle chez les animaux diabétiques. Cette différence, qui est due à une élimination métabolique altérée, ne se manifeste que pour des doses d'acétoacétate supérieures à 50 μmoles par kg et par min. Le traitement chronique par l'insuline pendant 4– 6 jours, mais non l'injection aiguë d'insuline, restaure la capacité des rats diabétiques à métaboliser les corps cétoniques à des vitesses normales. Les résultats sont discutés en ce qui concerne la différence entre la cétose stable de privation alimentaire et la céto-acidose diabétique labile.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Stationäre Ketonkörperspiegel im Blut bei kontinuierlicher Dauerinfusion von Acetacetat in verschiedenen Dosierungen werden bei gesunden und diabetischen Ratten vergleichend untersucht. Die metabolische Elimination der Ketonkörper aus dem Blut ist bei diabetischen Tieren völlig verändert. Während bei gesunden Ratten der stationäre Ketonkörperspiegel linear mit der Infusionsrate zunimmt, erfolgt dieser Anstieg bei diabetischen Tieren exponentiell. Dieser Unterschied, der auf eine eingeschränkte metabolische Verwertung zurückzuführen ist, wird jedoch erst über einer Dosierung von 50 μMolen Acetacetat pro kg und min sichtbar. Durch 4–6 tägige Insulinbehandlung, nicht jedoch durch akute Insulinapplikation während des Infusionsversuchs, wird bei diabetischen Ratten die normale Fähigkeit zur metabolischen Elimination von Ketonkörpern wiederhergestellt. Die Befunde werden diskutiert als eine Erklärung für den Unterschied zwischen der stabilen Hungerketose und der instabilen diabetischen Ketoacidose.
    Notes: Summary Steady state blood levels of ketone bodies during infusions of acetoacetate at various rates have been compared in healthy and diabetic rats. The characteristics of the metabolic elimination of ketone bodies from the blood are completely changed in diabetic rats. Whereas steady state levels of ketone bodies increase linearly with the infusion rate in healthy rats, this increase is exponential in diabetic animals. This difference, which is due to an impaired metabolic elimination, becomes evident only above a dosage of 50 μmoles acetoacetate per kg per min. Chronic treatment with insulin for 4–6 days, but not acute insulin injection, restores the capacity of diabetic rats to metabolize ketone bodies at normal rates. The results are discussed with regard to the difference between the stable ketosis of starvation and the labile diabetic ketoacidosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 10 (1972), S. 110-114 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Amputation of a leg alters the amplitude of the adjacent ipsilateral legs during walking: Amputation of a middle leg encreases the amplitude of the foreleg especially by changing the rear extreme position. Amputation of a foreleg reduces the amplitude of the middle leg especially by changing the front extreme position. There is no significant influence observable on contralateral legs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 11 (1972), S. 32-49 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Stretching and releasing the femoral chordotonal organ caused by a movement of the tendon of the organ gives rise to a movement of the tibia. This reaction is called “Kniesehnenreflex” (knee-tendon-reflex). Its step response can be described in the following manner: After a certain reaction-time (at flexion 0.02–0.06 sec, at extension 0.06–0.2 sec) the tibia moves with a maximum speed between 150°/sec and 1000°/sec at extension and between 20°/sec and 450°/sec at flexion. The amplitude of the movement and the maximum speed of tibia movement are correlated. After reaching the extreme position the tibia returnes nearly to its starting-point with half lifes of 3–58 sec after a flexion and 7–232 sec after an extension. — The frequency response shows a strong decrease of the amplitude of the tibia at about 1 Hz. Above 2 Hz the amplitude is only a few degrees. The phase shift between stimulus and reaction increases with increasing frequency. Big individual differences are observed. A step stimulus, which is given in addition to a sinoidal stimulus causes a response at all frequencies. — Slow stretching and releasing the chordotonal organ with constant speeds causes movements of the tibia even at stimulus speeds of 0.002 mm/min. — It is discussed: the significance of the results for the theory of the control mechanism at walk, the stability of the control system in connection with the rocking-movements of the animal and the control of Flexibilitas cerea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 12 (1972), S. 8-20 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 1. Passive flexion and extension of the femur-tibia-joint causes forces which are directed against the passive movements. Quantitative measurements of these forces are in accordance with the results obtained from step stimuli in open-loop-experiments (1965, 1972). Repetition of the experiments at the same joint often leads to different results: the animal is apparently able to change the amplification of the system. 2. If one brings the joint in a new position by hand, the tibia returns to its starting-point only very slowly. (Flexibilitas cerea). As a quantitative measure for Flexibilitas cerea the time interval is taken, during which a formerly fully extended joint returns to the 90°-position after a 30 sec flexion to 50° (t 90) · t 90 is not correllated with a quantitative measure of Thanatosis. Therefore it is not allowed to combine Thanatosis and Flexibilitas cerea to Katalepsis. — Legs whose receptor tendons were cut, show no Flexibilitas cerea. The behaviour of Flexibilitas cerea is explained by the attributes of the control system. 3. The reaction on very slow constant flexion and extension speeds (2,4°/sec – 0,3°/min) are described. Intact legs show a larger hysteresis at all speeds than legs with cut receptor tendons: it seems the control system reacts at those slow speeds. It responds only to the dynamic part of the movements, however not to the static one.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The paper describes experiments about the degree of dependency of capsid, envelope and antigen synthesis byherpesvirus hominis upon viral DNA synthesis. The DNA synthesis has been blocked by different doses of Ara-C and the remnant DNA-synthesis has been measured by [3H]-thymidine incorporation after CsCl-density gradient centrifugation. Electron microscopic studies were done in parallel after incubation of infected cells with different doses of Ara-C. Finally, antigens were prepared after infection without and with added Ara-C. Increasing amounts of Ara-C inhibited the synthesis of viral DNA and infective particles. 1.5 μg Ara-C reduced the remaining incorporation into DNA to about less than one per cent. In contrast, by electron microscopy considerable amounts of particle synthesis takes place and absorbing capacity for neutralizing antibodies can be observed. Only 15 μg completely prevents the particle synthesis. The same amount completely prevents the synthesis of neutralizing antibody-absorbing capacity. Despite this, the synthesis of membrane bound antigens is not reduced as evidenced by immun-adherence-hemadsorption. It has been concluded that capsid and envelope synthesis is dependent upon viral DNA synthesis. This means, they both may be considered as late proteins. Membrane antigens, by contrast, are to be considered as early antigens. The particle synthesis as shown by ultrathin sections and of absorbing capacity despite complete lack of [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA under 1.5 μg per ml of Ara-C is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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