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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 117 (1995), S. 8670-8671 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 117 (1995), S. 12578-12592 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The Philadelphia translocation was demonstrated by two-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in decalcified paraffin sections of bone marrow from patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia. FISH was combined with immunocytochemical detection of different membrane-bound or cytoplasmic antigens. With this new technique, the cells bearing the 9;22 translocation can be identified morphologically, as well as immunocyto-chemically, in tissue sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Lymphoma ; Hodgkin's disease ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Immunohistochemistry ; Histological classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ninety-one Hodgkin's lymphomas (HD), 52 non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and 33 specimens of non-neoplastic lymphatic tissues were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of the bcl-2/JH gene rearrangement. The majority of the HD cases were drawn from the files of the German Hodgkin trial where diagnoses are established by a panel of four independent histopathologists. Using the very sensitive PCR method which detected 1 positive among 10000 negative cells, the bcl-2/JH gene rearrangement was found in 7/52 NHL and 3/16 tonsils with follicular hyperplasia, but in none of the 91 HD. The bcl-2 protein, however, was expressed by malignant cells of B and T cell lymphomas and by the giant tumour cells in 2/13 HD lymphocyte predominant, 11/28 HD nodular sclerosing I, 14/17 HD nodular sclerosing II, 10/27 HD mixed cellularity and 3/3 HD lymphocyte depleted. The bcl-2/JH rearrangement is thus independent of protein over-expression, the latter being found in all types of lymphomas. Our results do not confirm the findings of others who have detected the bcl-2/JH rearrangement in HD. These discrepancies may be explained by differences in choice of material, the gene rearrangement actually occuring in bystander cells but not in Reed-Sternberg or Hodgkin cells, or by contamination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Calcifying solitary bone cyst ; Bone tumour ; Cementoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fourteen solitary bone cysts (SBC) with large areas of calcification (7 in the femur, 4 in the humerus, and 1 each in the pelvis, the tibia and the scapula) and 402 SBC from the Hamburg Bone Tumour Registry were reviewed in a retrospective study. The analysis was done with emphasis on the clinical, radiological and histological appearances. SBC are well known lesions, but calcifying SBC (CSBC) or extensive extragnathic cement-like bone productions are rare. The clinical and radiological differential diagnosis includes fibrous dysplasia, chondroma, low-grade chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma. Bits of this cement-like matrix are detectable within the wall of approximately 70% (278 of 402) of SBC from the registry. CSBC are changed SBC. The intraoperative confirmation of the diagnosis on a frozen section by the bone pathologist leads to curettage which is currently the most common therapy in this benign lesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma ; Cholangiocellular carcinoma ; Cytogenetics ; Chromosome 1 ; Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Conventional cytogenetic studies revealed gains and structural aberrations of chromosome 1 to be the most consistent chromosomal aberrations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated touch preparations of eight HCC, five cholangiocellular carcinomas (CCC), five liver cell adenomas (LCA), four focal nodular hyperplasias (FNH) as well as nine specimens of normal liver tissue using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with centromere specific probes for chromosomes 1 and 8. Polysomies of chromosome 1, especially trisomy 1, were found in five of eight HCC and four of five CCC but in no normal liver tissue or benign tumour. Only three of seven cases of HCC revealed trisomy 8 whereas the five benign liver tumours and all normal liver tissues examined had disomy 8. Our results confirm conventional cytogenetic findings in terms of chromosome 1 aberrations in HCC although they are not specific for these types of malignant liver tumours. Since α-satellite probes were used in our study, only gains or losses including the centromeric regions of the chromosomes 1 and 8 could be detected. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that FISH may help in the differential diagnosis of malignant versus benign neoplasms of the liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Inhibitor protein ; Nitrate reductase ; Protein phosphorylation ; Protein kinase ; Spinacia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The function of two proteins (P67 and P100) required for the MgATP-dependent inactivation of nitrate reductase (NR) from spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea L.) was studied. When NR was incubated with γ-[32P]ATP and P67, NR-protein was phosphorylated, but without a change in NR activity. Protein P100 by itself was neither able to phosphorylate nor to inactivate NR, and when added together with P67 it did not change the extent of NR phosphorylation. However, when NR was first phosphorylated with MgATP and P67, subsequent addition of P100 after removal of unreacted ATP caused an immediate NR inactivation. In presence of both P67 and P100 the time-course of ATP-dependent NR phosphorylation paralleled the time course of inactivation. The extent of NR phosphorylation and of NR inactivation (in the presence of P67 plus P100) was similarly affected by metabolites or high salt concentrations. Magnesium (Mg2+) played a dual role in the inactivation process: the phosphorylation of NR by P67 was strictly Mg2+-dependent. Further, phospho-NR (+P100) was inactive only in the presence of Mg2+, but active in the presence of excess EDTA. Dephospho-NR appeared to be Mg2+-insensitive. The observations suggest that phosphorylation of NR by P67 is obligatory, but not sufficient for inactivation. In addition to protein phosphorylation, inactivation requires “binding” of an inhibitor protein (P100) to phospho-NR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 196 (1995), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Acid-base loading ; Nitrate reductase ; pH regulation (intracellular) ; Protein phosphorylation ; Spinacia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of acid or base-loading of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaf discs on the activation status of nitrate reductase (NR) in the dark and in the light was investigated. Activity of NR (NRA), measured in crude extracts of leaf discs with removed lower epidermis, which had been floating on Mes-buffer [2-(N-morpholino)ethane sulfonic acid] pH 5.2 in the dark, was at a similar low level as in whole, darkened leaves. By addition of acetate or propionic acid, butyric acid or benzoic acid, NR was activated to or beyond the light level. The pH of crude tissue extracts was decreased by 0.5–1 pH units. Tissue acidification caused an inhibition of photosynthesis and of dark CO2 fixation. The acid-induced activation of NR in vivo was largely prevented by okadaic acid, an inhibitor of Type 1 and Type 2A protein phosphatases. This indicates that acid-induced activation was mediated by protein dephosphorylation. When, on the other hand, leaf discs were illuminated on Ches-buffer (2-[ N-cyclohexylamino]ethane sulfonic acid) pH 9 in the presence of bicarbonate (80 mM), their NR was as active as in intact leaves. Addition of ammonium chloride (up to 6 mM) caused a pH increase of the tissue extract up to 0.9 pH units. At the same time NR was inactivated to the dark level. Methionine sulfoximine did not prevent the ammonium effect. Photosynthesis and dark CO2 fixation were stimulated at pH 9 by ammonium chloride (1–2· mol· m −3) and were only slightly inhibited by up to 6 mol· m−3. The modulation of NR by acid-base treatment in vivo was fully reversible. The response of the NR system to acid or base treatment is consistent with a proposed role of nitrate reduction in the cellular pH-stat. The observation also indicates that cytosolic pH changes may be involved the signal chain triggering the modulation of NR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Knochenmarkhistologie ; Kunststoffeinbettung ; Methylmethacrylat ; Immunhistochemie ; Key words Bone marrow histology ; Plastic embedding ; Methyl-methacrylate ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A patented low-temperature polymerization method for methylmethacrylate (MMA) infiltrated bone marrow biopsies is described: it has been developed from our previous MMA technique and is a patented procedure. Differences from the previous method are (1) removal of stabilizer from the MMA monomer before its application, (2) the use of a different starter, (3) avoidance of O2 influence during polymerization by means of vacuum exchange with N2, and (4) polymerisation in a water bath to draw off residual heat. After this procedure, all immunohistochemical reactions are possible provided that the previous fixation is adequate. The effects of different fixatives are reviewed briefly without detailed analysis. Technically, this plastic embedding can be performed at least as rapidly as the classic paraffin embedding after decalcification. The advantages over the latter method are: (1) the cells can be better differentiated because semi-thin sections can be made; (2) the immunoreactions can also be performed on the basis of semi-thin sections, which means they can be interpreted more easily; (3) morphometric analyses yield more reliable results because of the constant thickness of sections; (4) osteological examination of bone trabeculae, especially the search for mineralisation deficiencies, is possible; (5) the plastic embedding procedure is less dependent on individual instabilities in the quality of performance of the staff members involved. Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that the costs for additional equipment necessary remain below DM 100,000 including an excellent microtome.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine patentierte Methode zur Einbettung von Knochenmarkbiopsien durch Kaltpolymerisation von Methylmethacrylat (MMA) wird beschrieben, die als patentiertes Verfahren aus unserer bisherigen MMA-Technik entwickelt worden ist. Die Unterschiede zum bisherigen Verfahren sind die Destabilisierung des Monomers Methylmethacrylat, die Verwendung eines anderer Starters, der Ersatz von Raumluft durch Stickstoff vor der Polymerisation und die Polymerisation unter Restwärmeabführung im Wasserbad. Danach sind alle immunhistochemischen Reaktionen an Zellen und Geweben möglich, vorausgesetzt, daß in geeigneter Form fixiert worden ist. Auf die Unterschiede der Fixierungslösungen wird kurz eingegangen, ohne sie detailliert zu analysieren. Technisch läßt sich diese Kunststoffeinbettung mindestens ebenso schnell wie die Entkalkung und Paraffineinbettung durchführen. Die Vorteile gegenüber dem Entkalkungs-Paraffinierungs-Verfahren sind, daß• die Zellen besser zu differenzieren sind, weil Semidünnschnitte angefertigt werden können, • die Immunreaktionen ebenfalls am Semidünnschnittpräparat durchgeführt und die Reaktionsergebnisse deshalb leichter zugeordnet werden können, • morphometrische Analysen wegen der konstanten Schnittstärke zuverlässigere Werte ergeben und • osteologische Untersuchungen, insbesondere die Beurteilung von Mineralisationsstörungen, möglich sind. Ein fünfter Vorteil ist, daß das Kunststoffverfahren unempfindlicher gegenüber subjektiven Leistungsschwankungen der beteiligten Mitarbeiter ist. Die zusätzlich notwendigen Geräteinvestitionen liegen unter DM 100 000.–, worin ein optimales Mikrotom, z. B. Polycut, eingeschlossen ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Chronische myeloproliferative Erkrankungen ; Philadelphia-Translokation ; Zytogenetik ; Molekulargenetik ; Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung ; Histopathologie ; Key words Chronic myeloproliferative disorders ; Philadelphia-translocation ; Cytogenetics ; Molecular genetics ; Fluorescence in situ hybridization ; Histopathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The histopathological classification of chronic myeloproliferative disorders can be supported by applying cytogenetics and molecular genetics to the analysis of bone marrow or blood cells, as demonstrated in 253 cases evaluated. The Philadelphia translocation (9;22) is the most important genetic parameter, being specific for chronic myeloid leukemia. Conventional methods for the detection of the t(9;22) are karyotyping and Southern blot analysis of the bcr gene. The newly established technique of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) allows visualization of bcr-abl fusion even in non dividing cells. Molecular cytogenetics for t(9;22) yield results that are rapid and reliable as well as easily quantifiable.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zytogenetische und molekulargenetische Untersuchungen von Knochenmark- oder Blutzellen sind für die histopathologische Klassifikation der chronischen myeloproliferativen Erkrankungen hilfreich, was durch die simultane Auswertung von 253 Fällen gezeigt wird. Insbesondere die Analyse der Philadelphia-Translokation (9;22) ist dabei für die Bestätigung oder den Ausschluß einer chronischen myeloischen Leukämie wichtig. Für den Nachweis der t(9;22) stehen die konventionelle Karyotypisierung mit Bestimmung des Philadelphia-Chromosoms und das Southernblotverfahren zur Analyse einer Umlagerung des bcr-Gens zur Verfügung. Durch die neuere Methode der Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung (FISH) kann auch eine bcr-abl-Fusion an Interphasekernen dargestellt werden. Diese molekulare Zytogenetik ist ein rasches und zuverlässiges Verfahren zum Nachweis der Philadelphia-Translokation, das zudem leicht quantifizierbare Ergebnisse liefert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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