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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 6432-6438 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Results are outlined of experimental work concerning Slonczewski's theories explaining 90° coupling: "loose spin'' theory and thickness-fluctuation mechanism. The loose spin theory suggests that 90° coupling originates from paramagnetic impurities in the interlayer of an exchange-coupled layered structure. The influence of these paramagnetic impurities on the magnetic exchange coupling was studied using the wedge technique. High-quality single-crystalline Fe/Ag/Fe samples were prepared in UHV and each sample consisted of two wedges: one wedge with additional Fe deliberately inserted during growth into the Ag interlayer and one wedge with a pure Fe/Ag/Fe structure. The detailed analysis of magneto-optic hysteresis loops revealed quantitatively the bilinearly and the 90° coupling strength. As predicted by loose spin theory additional Fe in the Ag spacer lead to a strong temperature dependence of the 90° coupling. According to the theory an increase of 90° coupling strength proportional to impurity concentration was detected while the strength of bilinear coupling decreased. For the pure Fe/Ag/Fe structure, a linear increase of the 90° coupling strength with decreasing temperature was observed. This result can be explained within the fluctuation mechanism which creates 90° coupling through a combination of interface roughness and intralayer ferromagnetic exchange. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hypotension ; Monitoring ; Elektroenzephalogramm ; Früh akustisch evozierte Potentiale (FAEP) ; Key words Hypotension ; Monitoring ; Electroencephalogram ; Brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract For surgical removal of a malignant choroid melanoma, it is necessary to reduce systolic blood pressure to around 50–60 mmHg in order to prevent choroidal haemorrhages. However, blood pressure reduction is associated with the risk of cerebral ischaemia. We report a patient with a malignant choroid melanoma in whom waves I and II of the brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) disappeared during surgery under controlled arterial hypotension and hypothermia (31.1° C). The waves could be recorded again immediately after the mean arterial pressure was increased from 48 to 77 mmHg. The oesophageal temperature had dropped by 0.3° C at this time. The 2-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) showed no irregularities during this time period. A bilateral, reversible, apparently blood-pressure-dependent loss of waves I and II during arterial hypotension despite a normal EEG has to our knowledge not been previously described in the literature. The isolated loss of waves I and II with maintenance of waves III, IV, and V is unusual. The literature contains reports of acoustic neurinoma patients in whom only wave V could be recorded. This is regarded as an indication of continued impulse conduction despite the loss of waves I to IV. Others have observed a patient with temporary and reversible loss of BAEP wave I due to vasospasm of the internal auditory artery that apparently occurred during or shortly after manipulation of the internal auditory meatus. Assuming anatomic peculiarities in the blood supply to the generators of the BAEP waves, a stenosis of the basilar artery could be considered as the cause of the bilateral reversible loss of waves I and II. Another potential source could be the induced hypothermia, but this does not seem very likely because the patient's temperature was 0.3° C lower at the return of the waves than at their loss.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über einen Patienten mit einem malignen Melanom der Aderhaut, bei dem es intraoperativ unter kontrollierter Hypotension und Hypothermie (31,3° C) zum Verlust der Wellen I und II der frühen akustisch evozierten Potentiale (FAEP) kam. Nach Anhebung des mittleren arteriellen Drucks von 48 auf 77 mmHg waren die FAEP-Wellen sofort wieder ableitbar, obwohl die ösophageale Temperatur um 0,3° C abgefallen war. Das ebenfalls abgeleitete 2-Kanal-Elektroenzephalogramm (EEG) zeigte im betreffenden Zeitraum keine Auffälligkeiten. Ein beidseitiger reversibler, offensichtlich blutdruckabhängiger Ausfall der Wellen I und II während Hypotension bei gleichzeitig unauffälligem EEG ist unseres Wissens bisher in der Literatur nicht beschrieben. Der isolierte Verlust der Wellen I und II bei erhaltenen Wellen III, IV und V ist ungewöhnlich. In der Literatur sind aber Patienten mit Akustikusneurinom beschrieben, bei denen nur die Welle V abgeleitet werden konnte. Ebenso ist ein Fall mit temporärem Verlust von FAEP-Welle I beschrieben. Als Ursache wird eine lokale Minderperfusion wegen Vasospasmus während Manipulationen in Strukturen des Meatus akustikus internus diskutiert. Ausgehend von anatomisch-physiologischen Besonderheiten der Blutversorgung der Generatoren der FAEP-Wellen kann eine Stenose der Arteria basilaris als Ursache für den beidseitigen reversiblen Ausfall der Wellen I und II diskutiert werden. Der Erhalt der Wellen III bis V könnte für eine retrograde Füllung der A. basilaris aus dem Stromgebiet des Circulus Willisii sprechen. Wir interpretieren den beidseitigen Ausfall der Wellen I und II als Folge der Minderperfusion des betreffenden Hirngewebes. Die gleichzeitig bestehende Hypothermie scheidet als Ursache für den temporären Verlust der Wellen I und II aus, weil die Temperatur des Patienten beim Wiederauftreten der Wellen I und II 0,3° C niedriger war als bei ihrem Verlust.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.70 ; 73.40 ; 75.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The coupling of Cr to Fe in stacked Cr/Fe/Cr trilayers is studied by circular magnetic X-ray dichroism using fluorescence yield to monitor the absorption. From the dichroic spectra, we determine the thickness dependent average magnetic coupling of Cr to Fe for Cr layer thicknesses of 1, 2 and 3 ML. We compare our results to new calculated spectra. Additionally, all Cr spectra show significant contributions due to photon scattering processes at theL 2, 3 absorption edges depending on the degree of circular polarization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 34 (1995), S. 139-144 
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Life science research in space was started in Europe with the first Biostack experiment flown onboard Apollo 16 in 1972. Biostack was designed to investigate the biological effects of single heavy ions of cosmic radiation. Among several undertakings towards this goal, the Biostack achieved the highest precision in the determination of the spatial correlation of the observed biological response of single test organisms to the passage of single heavy ions, which is the mandatory requirement. It also provided information on the influence of additional spaceflight factors, such as microgravity, on radiation effects and measurements of the spectrum of charge and energy of the cosmic radiation. The experiment was performed as an international cooperation effort. This report gives a summary of the biological data accumulated in this and the follow-on experiments of the Biostack program.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55.Px ; 42.62.Fi ; 07.65.Gj
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present an optically stabilized lead-salt diode-laser system which is the nucleus of a very-high-resolution instrument for sub-Doppler molecular spectroscopy in the mid-infrared. By application of external optical feedback, we have narrowed the diode-laser linewidth by two orders of magnitude, yielding a spectral width of less than 200 kHz. The diode- laser frequency is stabilized and controlled via the external reflector by variable-frequency offset-locking the diode-laser to a CO laser frequency. This substantial improvement in the spectral properties enabled us to perform a Lamb-dip experiment on a carbonyl sulfide (OCS) absorption line near 1985 cm−1. We were able to detect a saturated dispersion signal at low pressure (5 Pa) with a signal-to-noise ratio of several thousand. The present paper describes the unique features of the optically stabilized tunable diode-laser system and its use as a spectroscopic tool for sub-Doppler applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 21 (1995), S. 235-237 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Hypokalemia ; Potassium shift ; Catecholamine release ; Head trauma ; Beta-2-stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A sudden decrease of serum potassium below 2.5 mmol/l carries the risk of dangerous arrhythmias and requires immediate replacement therapy [6]. We refer to a patient with a brain stem compression after head injury, who developed a profound hypokalemia (K+=1.2 mmol/l) with life-threatening arrhythmias, probably due to a catecholamine induced intracellular potassium shift (beta-2-stimulation). Only by aggressive potassium replacement up to 80 mmol/h (610 mmol/16h) could potassium levels be increased and cardiac arrhythmias terminated. Although replacement therapy was stopped when the serum K+-level increased to 2.4 mmol/l, 3.5 h later the patient became hyperkalemic (8.1 mmol/l). This was probably due to a secondary shift of potassium from intra-to extracellular space. In patients with severe head trauma and the potential risk of excessive catecholamine release special attention must be paid to changes in potassium balance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 67 (1995), S. 1168-1168 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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