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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 3215-3217 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The depth distribution of Ge implanted into thermally grown SiO2 films has been studied after annealing using transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and x-ray diffraction. At annealing temperatures above 900 °C a significant redistribution of the as-implanted Ge profile was found. Crystalline Ge nanoclusters embedded in the SiO2 matrix are formed within a cluster band with well defined boundaries. The evolution of nanoclusters can be explained qualitatively by a model based on nucleation, growth and Ostwald ripening of Ge precipitates. Besides, chemical and interface reactions lead to the formation of additional Ge peaks near the surface and at the Si/SiO2 interface. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The biconversion of [14C]atrazine to deaikyt-ated and hydroxylated products was studied in heteroirophic cell-suspension cultures of carrot (Daucus caroia L.), Agrostemma githago L. (corn cockle). Digitalis purpurea L. (purple foxglove), soyabean (Giycine max L. Merr; four different cultivars). Datura stramonium L. (thorn-apple) and wheat (Tritician aestivum L.). During 48 h of incubation, the herbicide was biotransformed by all species; turnovers yields differed considerably and were between 10.1% and 88.0% of applied 14C. Differences were also observed among the soyabean cultivars (10.1-73.5%). Hydroxy-atrazine, de-ethyl-, deisopropyl- and de-ethyt-deisopropylatrazine formed in the cultures were identified by thin-layer chromatography (tlc) (co-chromatography with reference compounds); deaikyiated metabolites were also proved by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (gc–ms). In addition, highly polar transformation products emerged that were not identified. Portions of non-extractable residues were below 5% (one soyabean cultivar: 8.9%). Atrazine was metabolized by the cells, mainly to its dealkylated derivatives and hydroxyatrazine (totals of 9.4-54, 5%), whereas portions of highly polar products were lower (0.1-26.1%). Exceptions were A. githago (26.0 and 33.6%, respectively) and D, purpurea (4.5 and 25.2% respectively). Thus, plants generally contribute to the environmental degradation of atrazine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have previously reported a correlation between the extent of ragweed allergen (RWA)-induced in vitro serum complement activation and the symptom scores registered daily during the ragweed (RW)-blooming season in RW-allergic patients. The present study was performed in 22 15–17-year-old RW-allergic adolescents. Serum samples were incubated with 100μ/ml RWA, and the generation of different complement activation products was measured by ELISA or RIA. Symptom scores were registered for 4 weeks during the RW-blooming season. The patients were divided according to the extent (low or high) of the generation of complement activation products, and symptom scores registered in the two groups were compared by two-way ANOVA. Significantly higher symptom scores were obtained in the high than in the low complement activation group (P values: 0.049 for C1rC1sC1inh, 0.022 for CSbBbP, 0.015 for C5b-9, 0.0001 for C3a, and 0.0008 for C5a). Similar results were obtained at the measurement performed in the sera obtained from the same patients half a year before the season (P values: 0.022 for C3bBbP, and 0.005 for C5b-9). These findings indicate that complement activation induced by the allergen may enhance the clinical symptoms of RW allergy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schädel-Hirn-Trauma ; Glasgow-Outcome-Skala ; Langzeitfolgeschäden ; Neuropsychologische Untersuchung ; Key words Head trauma ; Glasgow Outcome Scale ; Neuropsychological tests ; Long-term follow up
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary What is the significance of a “good outcome” according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) in children after brain injury? Methods: Criteria for selection included age from 6 to 15 years at the time of testing, a follow-up interval of at least 12 months from the date of accident, head injury and an initial CT scan; furthermore the patient had to show a “good recovery” according to GOS at the time of follow-up. Neurological examination, child behaviour and neuropsychological testing were done. Test results of 104 patients were compared to a matched control group. Results: 20 % of all children after head injury exhibited discrete neurological deficits (soft-signs), and 28 % of them behavioral disorders. Children after moderate and severe brain injury performed at normal levels with reference to standardized intellectual norms, but they showed impairements when compared with their matched controls. There was no uniform pattern of cognitive and motor deficits, but the severity of the head injury determined the deficits. Some children who appeared neurologically well had significant deficits with regard to motor and speech abilities compared to age-matched controls. Children who had slight neurologic deficits also did poor in all other tests. Conclusion: Our findings have shown that children with so called good recovery after classification of Glasgow Outcome Scale demonstrated impairments when compared to controls.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Lassen sich bei Kindern nach einem Schädel-Hirn-Trauma, die eine gute Erholung nach den Kriterien der Glasgow-Outcome-Skala aufweisen, noch Folgeschäden des Unfalls nachweisen? Methode: Aufgenommen in die Untersuchung wurden Kinder, bei denen in der akuten Phase nach dem Unfall wegen klinischer Symptome eine kraniale Computertomographie notwendig wurde. Das Unfallereignis der Kinder mußte mindestens 1 Jahr zurückliegen. Zum Zeitpunkt der Nachuntersuchung mußten die Kinder eine sog. gute Erholung nach den Kriterien der Glasgow-Outcome-Skala aufweisen. 104 von 115 (91 %) verletzten Kindern wurden nachuntersucht und deren Fähigkeiten wurden mit gesunden Kontrollkindern verglichen. Bei allen Kindern wurde eine neurologische Untersuchung zur Erfassung von diskreten neurologischen Defiziten, eine Befragung auf kinderpsychiatrische Auffälligkeiten und eine neuropsychologische Testung durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: 20 % der Kinder, die ein Trauma erlitten hatten, wiesen diskrete neurologische und 28 % kinderpsychiatrische Auffälligkeiten auf. Kinder mit diskreten neurologischen Defiziten waren in 53 % kinderpsychiatrisch auffällig. Die Patienten zeigten Testergebnisse, die sich aber signifikant von der parallelisierten Kontrollgruppe unterschieden. Ein einheitliches Profil von kognitiven oder motorischen Ausfällen konnte nicht festgestellt werden. Es ergaben sich Abhängigkeiten zwischen der Traumaschwere und den motorischen und kognitiven Testergebnissen. Schlußfolgerung: Auch bei neurologisch unauffälligen Kindern mit einer sog. guten Erholung nach einem Schädel-Hirn-Trauma wurden Folgeschäden in den kognitiven und motorischen Leistungsvariablen nachgewiesen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1063-7826
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Transformation of radiation-induced defects in p +-n-n + structures fabricated from highresistivity n-type silicon subjected to cyclic irradiation and annealing is investigated. The kinetic behavior of the increase in the concentration of the Ci-Oi defects is analyzed as a function of the detector fabrication process. During the second irradiation cycle a transformation of the defects, which were formed as a result of annealing of the original radiation defects, is observed. The appearance of “hidden” sources of deep center formation is revealed. It is established that the presence of a higher oxygen concentration, which arises in the samples as a result of the extended silicon oxidation process, results in a more active complex-formation of carbon-containing defects in comparison with samples with reduced oxygen content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 156 (1997), S. 789-791 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia ; Spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia ; White-matter-lesions ; Cerebrovascular complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia is a multisystem disorder consisting of spondylo-epiphysial dysplasia, progressive renal insufficiency due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and immunodeficiency. Cerebrovascular complications have only been described in five patients. Here we report a patient with prominent neurological symptoms most likely caused by transient ischaemic attacks. Conclusion Neurological symptoms consisted of re-peated brief spells of hemiparaesthesia, motoric aphasia and diplopia. MRI studies of the CNS revealed progressive white matter lesions. Morphological changes as well as neurological deficits are compatible with cerebral ischaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Head trauma  ;  Glasgow Outcome Scale  ;   Neuropsychological tests  ;  Magnetic resonance imaging  ;  Long-term follow up
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The primary issues addressed in this study were: (1) determination of the significance of the classification “good outcome” utilizing the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) in children at least 1 year after brain injury; (2) detection of residual lesions of brain parenchyma in these children upon follow up MRI scans; and (3) detection of relationships between neuropsychological test performance and MRI results. Selection criteria included children 6–15 years of age at the time of testing who received an initial CT scan at the time of their head injury and who had been injured at least 12 months prior to the follow up test. Only children who did not demonstrate neurological disability at the time of follow up examination were selected. The children showed a status of “good outcome” as defined by the GOS. Neurological examination, neuropsychological tests and an MRI were done. The test results of 59 patients were compared to those of a matched control group. Children, after receiving head injuries, showed significantly poorer results with respect to cognitive, motor and fine motor skills. Of all MRI-scans 66% revealed pathological findings. Cortical lesions were detected on MRI in 14% of cases; subcortical injuries were detected in 12% and, deep white matter lesions in 31%. Furthermore, corpus callosum damage was observed in 26% of cases. Pathological MRI findings were also observed in children with mild head injuries. All of the children with normal MRI findings showed abilities comparable to those of children in the control group. Patients with cortical lesions exhibited only motor deficits, whereas motor and cognitive deficits were seen in patients with deep white matter lesions. Children with multiple lesions demonstrated test results in all variables 1 to 2 standard deviations below those of the control group. Conclusions Children suffering a brain injury who 1 year later are classified within the “good outcome” group according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale often have significant morphological and functional brain deficits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 126 (1997), S. 386-400 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Solidus temperatures of quartz–alkali feldspar assemblages in the haplogranite system (Qz-Ab-Or) and subsystems in the presence of H2O-H2 fluids have been determined at 1, 2, 5 and 8 kbar vapour pressure to constrain the effects of redox conditions on phase relations in quartzofeldspathic assemblages. The hydrogen fugacity (f H2) in the fluid phase has been controlled using the Shaw membrane technique for moderately reducing conditions (f H2 〈 60 bars) at 1 and 2 kbar total pressure. Solid oxygen buffer assemblages in double capsule experiments have been used to obtain more reducing conditions at 1 and 2 kbar and for all investigations at 5 and 8 kbar. The systems Qz-Or-H2O-H2 and Qz-Ab-H2O-H2 have only been investigated at moderately reducing conditions (1 and 5 kbar) and the system Qz-Ab-Or-H2O-H2 has been investigated at redox conditions down to IW (1 to 8 kbar). The results obtained for the water saturated solidi are in good agreement with those of previous studies. At a given pressure, the solidus temperature is found to be constant (within the experimental precision of ± 5°C) in the f H2 range of 0–75 bars. At higher f H2, generated by the oxygen buffers FeO-Fe3O4 (WM) and Fe-FeO (IW), the solidus temperatures increase with increasing H2 content in the vapour phase. The solidus curves obtained at 2 and 5 kbar have similar shapes to those determined for the same quartz - alkali feldspar assemblages with H2O-CO2- or H2O-N2-bearing systems. This suggests that H2 has the behaviour of an inert diluent of the fluid phase and that H2 solubility in aluminosilicate melts is very low. The application of the results to geological relevant conditions [HM (hematite-magnetite) 〉 f O2 〉 WM] shows that increasing f H2 produces a slight increase of the solidus temperatures (up to 30 °C) of quartz–alkali feldspar assemblages in the presence of H2O-H2 fluids between 1 and 5 kbar total pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Internist 38 (1997), S. 1242-1246 
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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