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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the plug potential formation mechanism in a tandem mirror (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 3449-3458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A formation mechanism of the plug potential in a tandem mirror is proposed. The orbits for ions, which are accelerated by the thermal barrier potential, are calculated numerically in a magnetic mirror field. A non-Maxwellian electron distribution function, which leads to a modified Boltzmann law, is assumed in order to determine the electrostatic potential profile. Monte Carlo simulation is carried out for ion dynamics to include the effects of Coulomb collisions and ion radial losses. It is found that the plug potential is formed under the condition that the ions trapped in the thermal barrier region are few. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1489424
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of Co–P powders produced by chemical reduction (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 7209-7212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Co–P powders were produced by chemical reduction. The powders had a spherical shape with an average diameter of about 1 μm. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry studies confirmed that the powders were amorphous. The amorphous powders showed higher saturation magnetization than the crystalline counterparts. Heat treatment of the powders above the crystallization temperature resulted in the formation of fcc Co, hcp Co, and Co2P phases. The saturation magnetization of the annealed powders monotonically decreased as the annealing temperature increased. On the other hand, the coercivity of the annealed powders rapidly increased with increasing annealing temperature. The powders annealed at 600 °C had a saturation magnetization of 100 emu/g with a coercivity of 500 Oe. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1327290
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Airway epithelial cells promote transmigration of eosinophils in a new three-dimensional chemotaxis model (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Prominent infiltration of eosinophils in airway mucosa is the pathognomonic sign of asthma. The role of airway epithelial cells in eosinophil infiltration, however, has not been fully elucidated.Objective The aim of this study is to develop a new in vitro transmigration system composed of airway epithelial cells and extracellular matrix, and to investigate the role of airway epithelial cells in eosinophil infiltration.Methods A layer of type I collagen gel was formed in Netwell™, and BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells were cultured on the gel. Then the wells covered with epithelial monolayer were filled with medium, inverted, and new upper chambers were constructed on the gel side by applying a ring cap. After further incubation with or without exogenous cytokines for 48 h, eosinophils or neutrophils were loaded in upper chambers (the gel side) and cells transmigrated to lower chambers (the epithelial cell side) were counted. Immunohistochemical analyses were also performed.Results While a simple collagen gel hardly promoted eosinophil migration even in the presence of eotaxin or RANTES, significant numbers of eosinophils migrated to lower chambers in the presence of the epithelial cells. Replacement of medium in the lower chamber (the epithelial cell side) with fresh medium, addition of exogenous eotaxin or RANTES in the upper chamber (the gel side), or pre-treatment of eosinophils with anti-CCR3 all inhibited transmigration. We found that the epithelial cells produced and deposited extracellular matrix proteins such as type IV collagen onto the type I collagen gel. Separately, we found that type IV collagen itself was capable of enhancing eotaxin-induced eosinophil migration in a standard chemotaxis assay. Neutrophils also efficiently migrated in the present transmigration system. Pre-treatment of epithelial cells with TNF-α and IL-4 enhanced eosinophil transmigration, while that of neutrophils was enhanced by TNF-α but suppressed by IL-4.Conclusion By utilizing a new in vitro transmigration system mimicking the airway mucosa, we have demonstrated that airway epithelial cells play an essential role in transmigration of eosinophils and that multiple factors such as chemokines, extracellular matrix proteins and exogenous inflammatory cytokines are involved in efficient transmigration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01362.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition changes in retinal pigments according to habitat of chum and pink salmon (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 61 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Juvenile chum Oncorhynchus keta and pink Oncorhynchus gorbuscha salmon change the composition of their visual pigments when they move from coastal waters to offshore in the Okhotsk Sea. Levels of the visual pigment rhodopsin were found to be high on the coast, while porphyropsin levels were high in offshore waters in both species. These facts suggest visual function may be similar, allowing them to coexist in the same sea area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb02473.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression correlates with morphological and immunohistochemical epithelial characteristics in synovial sarcoma (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Histopathology 40 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression correlates with morphological and immunohistochemical epithelial characteristics in synovial sarcoma Aims: Synovial sarcoma is a unique mesenchymal tumour characterized by the presence of epithelial differentiation, although the mechanism involved in the epithelial morphology is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the function of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in synovial sarcoma, in order to assess whether MMP-2 expression plays an important role in epithelial differentiation, or whether it contributes to a poor clinical outcome. Methods and results: Immunohistochemical stainings for MMP-2, cytokeratins (CKs) 7, 8, 18 and 19, and E-cadherin were performed for 58 (44 monophasic and 14 biphasic) cases of synovial sarcoma, and we compared the expression of these proteins with the histological and clinical findings. MMP-2 and E-cadherin expression was observed in 43 cases (74.1%) and in 18 cases (31.0%), respectively. Expression of these proteins was preferentially observed in the glandular components of biphasic tumours or the epithelioid areas of monophasic tumours. Statistically significant correlations were recognized between MMP-2 expression and E-cadherin expression of biphasic subtype. Moreover, there were statistically significant correlations between monophasic tumours with epithelioid areas and MMP-2 expression or E-cadherin expression. MMP-2 expression was correlated with epithelial differentiation as assessed by CK immunoreactivity. The expression of MMP-2 did not affect the overall survival rate in synovial sarcoma. Conclusions: MMP-2 expression seemed to have an important role to play in the epithelial differentiation of tumour cells in synovial sarcoma, through remodelling of the extracellular matrix and by changing the cytoskeletal interaction between the extracellular matrix and tumour cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2002.01345.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of activin on cell growth in primary cultures of guinea pig gastric epithelial cells (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 14 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The effect of activin on differentiated cells is known to be different from that on undifferentiated cells. Cultured gastric epithelial cells in complete serum-free conditions grew into matured mucous cells after treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF). Aim: To elucidate the effect of activin on the growth of differentiated and undifferentiated gastric mucosal cells. Methods: Cultured guinea pig gastric epithelial cells were prepared using the method of Ogihara et al. 1Synthesis of activin was analysed by Western blot using monoclonal anti-activin A antibody. Cell proliferation was assessed by counting the number of cells. Mucin production was assessed by histochemical study using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction. Results: Western blot analysis indicated that activin was synthesized in cultured guinea pig gastric mucosal cells. One hundred nanomolar EGF induced a 3-fold increase in cell count and the appearance of PAS-positive granules. Five nanograms activin per millilitre without EGF stimulated proliferation of the cells that showed almost negative PAS staining. When activin was added after treatment with 100 n m EGF for 24 h, cell proliferation induced by EGF was inhibited by activin at concentrations higher than 5 ng/mL. Conclusion: These results suggest that activin stimulates proliferation of undifferentiated cells and inhibits growth of differentiated cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.014s1183.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Green revolution A mutant gibberellin-synthesis gene in rice (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 416 (2002), S. 701-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The chronic food shortage that was feared after the rapid expansion of the world population in the 1960s was averted largely by the development of a high-yielding semi-dwarf variety of rice known as IR8, the so-called rice 'green revolution'. The short stature of IR8 is due to a mutation in the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/416701a
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of ternary Li–Mn–O phase at a temperature of 260 ∘C and electrochemical lithium insertion into the oxide (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 159-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: lithium battery ; lithium intercalation ; manganese oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A lithium–manganese oxide, Li x MnO2 (x = 0.30.6), has been synthesized by heating a mixture (Li/Mn ratio = 0.30.8) of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) and LiNO3 in air at moderate temperature, 260 ∘C. The formation of the Li–Mn–O phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption and electrochemical measurements. Electrochemical properties of the Li–Mn–O were examined in LiClO4-propylene carbonate electrolyte solution. About 0.3 Li in Li x MnO2 (x = 0.30.6) was removed on initial charging, resulting in characteristic two discharge plateaus around 3.5 V and 2.8 V vs Li/Li+. The Li x MnO2 synthesized by heating at Li/Mn ratio = 0.5 demonstrated higher discharge capacity, about 250 mAh (g of oxide)−1 initially, and better cyclability as a positive electrode for lithium secondary battery use as compared to EMD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003819905672
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A two-pion exchange three-nucleon force based on a realistic πN interaction (2000)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 7 (2000), S. 559-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS:21.10.Dr Binding energies and masses – 21.45.+v Few-body systems – 25.80.Dj Pion elastic scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The contribution of a ππ-exchange three-body force to the three-nucleon binding energy is calculated in terms of a πN amplitude. The latter is based on a meson-theoretical model of πN interaction developed by the Jülich group. Similar to a previous study based on simple phenomenological πN potentials a very small effect of the resulting three-body force is found. Possible origins of the two-orders-of-magnitude discrepancy between the present result and the values obtained for the Tucson-Melbourne three-body force are investigated. Evidence is provided that this discrepancy is most likely due to strikingly different off-shell properties of the πN amplitudes underlying the two approaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00013657
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomical bases for paravertebral an esthetic block: fluid communication between the thoracic and lumbar paravertebral regions (2000)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 21 (2000), S. 359-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Lumbar plexus ; Intercostal nerves ; Anesthesia regional ; Paravertebral block
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Summary An injection of a local anesthetics in the paravertebral region produces an analgesic field on the same side of the body, a paravertebral block. One point in question about this block is whether the local anesthetic spreads from the thoracic to the lumbar level of the paravertebral region. The purpose of this study was to find how the anesthetic fluid traveled to the lumbar paravertebral region, if at all. Twelve cadavers were used in this study. 15 ml of crimson dye was injected into the paravertebral region at the 11th thoracic level. The viscerae were removed so that we could examine the dye spread. While the crimson dye spread in the endothoracic fascia posterior to the parietal pleura, it also spread downward in the fascia mostly along the splanchnic nerves. At the upper surface of the diaphragm the dye spread laterally in the fascia, and entered the abdominal cavity through the medial and lateral arcuate ligaments. In the abdominal cavity, the dye was found to have spread so widely in the transversalis fascia that the subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous and femoral nerves were involved. We concluded that the dye in the thoracic paravertebral region can enter the abdominal cavity through the medial and lateral arcuate ligaments. This study explained possible fluid communication between the thoracic and lumbar paravertebral regions and confirmed our former clinical observations. The result is important for the future clinical application of paravertebral anesthesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-999-0359-4
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