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  • 2000-2004  (19)
  • 1905-1909
  • 2001  (19)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Caring in the Teacher-Student Relationship for At-Risk Students (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sociological inquiry 71 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-682X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology
    Notes: This study uses information from both teachers and students to explore how the perceptions of each other's investment in the relationship affects the productivity of the relationship. Using the National Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS), I analyze the conditions and academic consequences of students’investment in the relationship with teachers and school. I find that teachers’perceptions that the student puts forth academic effort and students’perceptions that teachers are caring are each weakly associated with mathematics achievement for most students. For students who are judged by their teachers as at risk of dropping out of high school, however, the value for math achievement of having teachers who care is substantial and mitigates against the negative effect of having been judged as at risk. The results suggest that social capital, as defined by a relationship that facilitates action, is especially high for at-risk students who feel their teachers are interested, expect them to succeed, listen to them, praise their effort, and care.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.2001.tb01110.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of high κ gate dielectrics Gd2O3 and Y2O3 for Si (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 3920-3927 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present the materials growth and properties of both epitaxial and amorphous films of Gd2O3 (κ=14) and Y2O3 (κ=18) as the alternative gate dielectrics for Si. The rare earth oxide films were prepared by ultrahigh vacuum vapor deposition from an oxide source. The use of vicinal Si (100) substrates is key to the growth of (110) oriented, single domain films in the Mn2O3 structure. Compared to SiO2 gate oxide, the crystalline Gd2O3 and Y2O3 oxide films show a reduction of electrical leakage at 1 V by four orders of magnitude over an equivalent oxide thickness range of 10–20 Å. The leakage of amorphous Y2O3 films is about six orders of magnitude better than SiO2 due to a smooth morphology and abrupt interface with Si. The absence of SiO2 segregation at the dielectric/Si interface is established from infrared absorption spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The amorphous Gd2O3 and Y2O3 films withstand the high temperature anneals to 850 °C and remain electrically and chemically intact. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1352688
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnosing a school board's interactional trouble: theorizing problem formulating (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Communication theory 11 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2885
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Psychology
    Notes: Communication, Craig (1989, 1995a, 1995b; Craig & Tracy, 1995) argues, is and should be a practical discipline: a field whose scholarly work would be helpful in improving the communicative practices it studies. Following explication of Craig's notions of practical theory and communication as a practical discipline, this paper analyzes the interactional trouble in one community's school board meetings. Drawing upon 3 theories relevant to this school board site - proposals about argumentative processes, rhetorical action, and moral conflict - we show how each theoretical lens leads to a different diagnosis of the community's ‘school board problem’. The second part of the paper inverts the analytic focus. Based on study of this school board's troubles, we critique the usefulness of the 3 theories. In the conclusion, we reflect about the often-invisible task of labeling the problem that a group is facing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2001.tb00234.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Between Home and Host Country: Multinationals and Employment Relations in Europe (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2338.00210
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computerized electronic temperature control system for thermal efficiency during baking in food research (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 25 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A more sophisticated temperature control system than the capillary thermostat in conventional electric ovens is necessary for laboratory research on foods. The aim of the study was to develop a computerized temperature control system (CTCS) for conventional electric ovens and to determine whether the CTCS could effect comparable and consistent results in two ovens with regard to oven and product characteristics of baked products. No significant differences were found between the two ovens with regard to average oven temperature, texture and height of products. In most instances there were also no significant differences between the ovens with regard to instrumental colour measurement and moisture loss. The regression results also illustrated the effectiveness of the CTCS, i.e. that an increase in set oven temperature of 1°C has a significant effect on specific oven and product characteristics. The CTCS therefore significantly improved the reproducibility of quality characteristics of baked products. Thus, more consistent and repeatable results can be obtained to improve the reliability of consumer-driven food research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2001.00145.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic scale measurements of the interfacial electronic structure and chemistry of zirconium silicate gate dielectrics (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 4195-4197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have examined the interfaces in Zr-silicate gate dielectrics grown on Si substrates using electron energy loss spectroscopy. The Zr-silicate interface is found to be stable with the Si substrate and the polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) electrode under annealing to 1050 °C. At this interface, a 0.35 nm wide Zr-free interface region is observed in the as-deposited film, and does not change on annealing. The Zr-free region is too thin to take on the bulk SiO2 electronic structure, and thus is unlikely to compromise the dielectric properties of the device. For films with an Al electrode, a 2 nm reaction layer forms at the Zr-silicate interface. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1426268
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Key Sequences Involved in the Spreading of the Systemic Autoimmune Response to Spliceosomal Proteins (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 54 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Immune spreading to multiple intracellular antigens is likely to be of primary importance in organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases. A number of mechanisms by which immune spreading may occur from only a single autoreactive epitope have been proposed. Search for an initiator or early epitope thus represents an important area of investigation. For example, many studies have focused on the identification of epitopes recognized by the antibodies from both patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus-prone mice. Recently, an autoepitope present in the 70K U1 ribonucleo protein (RNP) and recognized by CD4+ T cells from lupus mice has also been identified. Here, we analyze the results of B- and T-cell-epitope mapping studies of several RNPs present in the spliceosome and propose a model of epitope spreading. In this model, a consensus sequence (the RNP motif) conserved in many nuclear, nucleolar and cytoplasmic antigens, might play a role as ‘driver’ epitope. This hypothesis is based on the observation that this sequence is recognized by CD4+ T cells from lupus mice and is often targeted by autoantibodies, very early during the course of the disease. Targeting this region that is repeated in different self-antigens, might represent an interesting strategy to interfere with the continuous T-cell stimulation and exposure to specific antigens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00942.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation of Antiviral Antibody Response in SHIV-IIIB-Infected Macaques (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 54 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Three macaques infected with SHIV-IIIB and expressing the shared 1F7-idiotypic marker on antibodies against HIV-1 gp120, were injected intravenously with 1F7 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb). As controls, a SHIV-IIIB-infected macaque was injected with a HIV-unrelated mouse monoclonal isotype antibody (TEPC-183) and two healthy, noninfected macaques were injected with MoAb 1F7. 1F7-id-expressing antibodies against gp120-IIIB decreased in two of the three MoAb 1F7-treated macaques and then rebounded. Importantly, antibodies binding to envelope proteins of heterologous HIV-1 strains MN, CM, and SF2, which were low or not detectable before the MoAb 1F7 treatment, increased rapidly following MoAb inoculations in all three 1F7 MoAb treated macaques, but not in the macaque injected with control MoAb TEPC-183. Newly arising antibodies reacting with heterologous virus, i.e. HIV-1 gp120-MN, SF2, and CM did not express 1F7-id. Surprisingly, significant increases of antibodies were also observed in the 1F7-inoculated macaques' antibodies directed to non-HIV antigens (DNP, peptides and BSA). The noninfected control animals did not produce antibodies to these antigens despite MoAb 1F7 treatment. These data show that the MoAb 1F7 injections of chronically SHIV-IIIB-infected macaques resulted in idiotype-specific clonal suppression with broadening the antibody response to HIV envelope proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00982.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PSA-NCAM modulates BDNF-dependent survival and differentiation of cortical neurons (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 13 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We show that the loss or inactivation of the polysialic acid (PSA) tail of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) on rat cortical neurons in culture leads to reduced differentiation and survival. The mechanism by which this negative effect is mediated appears to involve the neuronal response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF): (i) in the absence of PSA or in the presence of excess free PSA added to the culture medium, BDNF-induced cell signalling is reduced; (ii) the addition of exogenous BDNF to the medium reverses the effect of PSA loss or inactivation. These data suggest that PSA-NCAM, previously shown to modulate cell migration and plasticity, is needed for an adequate sensitivity of neurons to BDNF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01516.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local increase in the number of mast cells and expression of nerve growth factor in the bronchus of asthmatic patients after repeated inhalation of allergen at low-dose (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Repeated inhalation of allergen at low-dose induces an increase in bronchial hyper-responsiveness, without any associated symptom. The concomitant events in the bronchus have not been described.Objective We have studied the dynamic number of mast cells in the airways of patients with mild asthma before and after repeated inhalation of allergen at low-dose and the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), which is reported to promote growth and survival of mast cells.Methods Twelve patients with mild asthma to cat allergen were enrolled at random in a blind placebo-controlled study, and submitted to repeated low-dose allergen exposure (1/5 of the provocative dose). Mast cells were immunolocalized using an antibody against mast cell tryptase. NGF and its high affinity receptor, TrkA, were immunolocalized using anti-NGF and anti-TrkA antibodies, respectively. NGF mRNA was quantified by competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after reverse transcription of total RNA extracted from bronchial biopsy. NGF protein levels were measured by ELISA in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid.Results Bronchial mast cell number was increased significantly after allergen exposure as compared with before. NGF expression in the bronchus was immunolocalized mainly to epithelial cells, but also to fibroblasts, blood vessels, and a few infiltrated cells. NGF mRNA levels in bronchial biopsies were increased significantly after allergen exposure. The high affinity receptor for NGF, TrkA, was immunolocalized to the infiltrated mast cell membrane.Conclusion Our study shows that the increase in the number of mast cells and in the expression of NGF induced by allergen exposure in the bronchus of asthmatic patients is occurring before the onset of symptoms. In addition, our finding of the presence of the TrkA receptor on the membrane of the infiltrated mast cell in situ brings evidence of the mast cell as a target cell for the growth factor activity of NGF in the airways in asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01177.x
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